Soil Fertility Values Research Articles

Peningkatan Daya Dukung Tanah Litosol melalui Distribusi Mikroba dengan Teknologi Smart Bioosildam

This study aims to control the health and fertility of the soil naturally. This research was conducted on litosol land used for plantations by observing the distribution pattern of the electrolyte conductivity level at each soil depth through microbial activity. This study observed over a period of time through a microcontroller sensor the changes in soil parameters such as: soil acidity level, infiltration rate, electrolyte conductivity level and porosity level observed from the soil infiltration rate. Using the simulation method with two (2) types of bioholes, it can be seen the increase in EC at each depth at a certain time period. This method uses Smart Biosoildam (Biodam) technology which can be simulated to match the actual process (real time). From graphic observations and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone can be used as information to determine the schedule and distribution pattern of planting both during the vegetative growth period and the generative growth period. So that it can be known the effective planting distance and biohole distance in order to be able to provide nutrients during the vegetative and generative periods. The distribution of nutrients can be monitored through sensors that convert analog parameters on the microprocessor into digital information that is sent via wifi in real time. Simulation of sandy beach soil fertility based on the number of microbial population = 108/cfu. Variable 1: Soil fertility value of electrolyte conductivity/EC value at a depth of 26 cm from 580 uS/cm to 1238 uS/cm on day 35 and from 1238 uS/cm down to 1090 uS/cm on day 40. Variable 2: Soil fertility values from electrolyte conductivity / EC values at a depth of 24 cm from 550 uS / cm to 968 uS / cm on day 35 & from 968 uS / cm down to 842 uS/cm on day 40.

Biohole Effectiveness Analysis through the Distribution Patternof Microbes at Each Depth in Real Time on Inseptisol SoilWith Digital Biosoildam Technology

This research was conducted on inseptisol soils, especially for plantations, with the aim of not only restoring the health and fertility of the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as seeing the pattern of EC distribution at each depth from the center of the biohole based on the time of observation. Through controlled microbial activity, its spread through two types of biohole, namely horizontal and vertical biohole. This research observes in real time through soil parameter sensors connected to the micro controller to changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, conductivity electrolyte level and porosity level through soil infiltration rate. Through simulations with 2 types of biohole, it can be seen the increase in EC in each depth to the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone to support the schedule and distribution patterns of planting both during vegetative growth and generative growth periods. So that we will know the proper biohole distance and spacing in order to be able to provide vegetative and generative mass nutrition based on nutrient values monitored through sensors that change the analogue parameters in the micro possessor into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. Inseptisol soils fertility simulation based on the number of microbial populations=108/cfu with variable 1: The effective depth for providing root nutrition to a depth of 30 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/ EC 1000 uS/cm to 1900 uS/cm is reached on the 10 to 60th day. Variable 2: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 24 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 2350 uS/cm achieved on the 10th to 60th day.

Real Time Simulation of the Number of Microbial Populations for Fertility Optimization in Inseptisol Soils Using Smart Biosoidam Technology

This research was conducted on inseptisol soils, especially for vegetable plantations, aimed to determine the ability of the soil layer to distribute nutrients and restore soil health and fertility due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Through microbial activity that is controlled by spreading through a horizontal biohole, this study observes in real time through a micro controller the changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, electrolyte conductivity levels and porosity levels through soil infiltration rates. Through simulations with the variable microbial population, it can be seen the level of EC and other parameters against the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil. Until day 45 the soil fertility level has not reached=1500 uS/cm with a microbial population=103/cfu. Support the planting schedule both during the vegetative growth period and during the generative growth period, so that we will know when the right time to do is: Soil recovery, initial planting and when the tubers/flowers/fruit begin to be conditioned. until cooked based on nutrient values observed through sensors that convert analogue parameters by the micro controller into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. The initial condition before simulating the soil fertility value with the Electrolyte Conductivity (EC) parameter is 744 uS/cm, the simulation results are: Simulation A: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 15th day with a EC E=1050 uS/cm and in the generative period it is reached on the 23th day with a EC=1518 uS/cm. Simulation B: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 22th day with a EC=1008 uS/ cm and at the generative period it is reached on the 38nd day with a EC=1539 uS/cm . Simulation C: to start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on day 37 with a EC=1025 uS/cm and during the generative period it cannot be observed because on observation until day 45 the electrolyte conductivity has not reach=1500 uS/ cm.

Fertility Optimization in Humus Soils Using Digital Smart Biosoidam Technology with Real Time Simulation of the Number of Microbial Populations

This research was conducted on humus soils, especially for vegetable plantations, aimed to determine the ability of the soil layer to distribute nutrients and restore soil health and fertility due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Through microbial activity that is controlled by spreading through a horizontal biohole, this study observes in real time through a micro controller the changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, electrolyte conductivity levels and porosity levels through soil infiltration rates. Through simulations with the variable microbial population, it can be seen the level of EC and other parameters against the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil fertility level has not reached=1500 uS/cm with a microbial population=103/ cfu supports the planting schedule both during the vegetative growth period and during the generative growth period, so that we will know when is the right time to do: soil recovery, initial planting and when the tubers/flowers/fruit begin to be conditioned. Until cooked based on nutrient values observed through sensors that convert analogue parameters by the micro controller into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. The initial condition before simulating the soil fertility value with the Electrolyte Conductivity (EC) parameter is 744 uS/cm, the simulation results are: Simulation A: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 8th day with a EC=1053 uS/cm and in the generative period it is reached on the 19th day with a EC=1529 uS/cm. Simulation B: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 17th day with a EC=1007 uS/ cm and at the generative period it is reached on the 36nd day with a EC=1520 uS/cm. Simulation C: to start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on day 32 with an EC=1050 uS/cm and during the generative period it cannot be observed because on observation until day 45 the electrolyte conductivity has not reach=1500 uS/cm.

Simulation of the Number of Microbial Populations for Fertility Optimization in Gromosol Soils Using Digital Smart Biosoidam Technology

This research was conducted on gromosol soils, especially for vegetable plantations, aimed to determine the ability of the soil layer to distribute nutrients and restore soil health and fertility due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Through microbial activity that is controlled by spreading through a horizontal biohole, this study observes in real time through a micro controller the changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, electrolyte conductivity levels and porosity levels through soil infiltration rates. Through simulations with the variable microbial population, it can be seen the level of EC and other parameters against the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to because until day 45 the soil fertility level has not reached=1500 uS/cm with a microbial population=103/cfu. Support the planting schedule both during the vegetative growth period and during the generative growth period, so that we will know when the right time to do is: soil recovery, initial planting and when the tubers/flower/fruit begin to be conditioned. Until cooked based on nutrient values observed through sensors that convert analog parameters by the micro controller into digital information transmitted by wifi in real time. The initial condition before simulating the soil fertility value with the Electrolyte Conductivity (EC) parameter is 744 uS/cm, the simulation results are: Simulation A: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 18th day with a EC=1050 uS/cm and in the generative period it is reached on the 27th day with a EC=1500 uS/cm. Simulation B: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 27th day with a EC=1020 uS/ cm and at the generative period it is reached on the 45nd day with a EC=1326 uS/cm. Simulation C: to start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on day 34 with an EC=1000 uS/cm and during the generative period it cannot be observed because on observation until day 45 the electrolyte conductivity has not reach=1500 uS/ cm.

Biohole Effectiveness Analysis Through the Distribution Pattern of Microbes in Real Time for Agricultural Activities once Conservation on Grumosol Soil

This research was conducted on grumosol soils, especially for plantations, with the aim of not only restoring the health and fertility of the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as seeing the pattern of EC distribution at each depth from the center of the biohole based on the time of observation. Through controlled microbial activity, its spread through two types of biohole, namely horizontal and vertical biohole. This research observes in real time through soil parameter sensors connected to the micro controller to changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, conductivity electrolyte level and porosity level through soil infiltration rate. Through simulations with 2 types of biohole, it can be seen the increase in EC in each depth to the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone to support the schedule and distribution patterns of planting both during vegetative growth and generative growth periods. So that we will know the proper biohole distance and spacing in order to be able to provide vegetative and generative mass nutrition based on nutrient values monitored through sensors that change the analog parameters in the micro posesor into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. Grumosol soil fertility simulation based on the number of microbial populations=108/cfu with Variable 1: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 30 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 1500 uS/cm achieved on the 20th to day 60th day. Varibale 2: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 24 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 1500 uS/ cm achieved on the 50th to day 60th day.

Biohole Effectiveness Analysis through the Distribution Patternof Microbes at Each Depth in Real Time on Inseptisol SoilWith Digital Biosoildam Technology

This research was conducted on inseptisol soils, especially for plantations, with the aim of not only restoring the health and fertility of the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as seeing the pattern of EC distribution at each depth from the center of the biohole based on the time of observation. Through controlled microbial activity, its spread through two types of biohole, namely horizontal and vertical biohole. This research observes in real time through soil parameter sensors connected to the micro controller to changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, conductivity electrolyte level and porosity level through soil infiltration rate. Through simulations with 2 types of biohole, it can be seen the increase in EC in each depth to the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone to support the schedule and distribution patterns of planting both during vegetative growth and generative growth periods. So that we will know the proper biohole distance and spacing in order to be able to provide vegetative and generative mass nutrition based on nutrient values monitored through sensors that change the analogue parameters in the micro possessor into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. Inseptisol soils fertility simulation based on the number of microbial populations=108/cfu with variable 1: The effective depth for providing root nutrition to a depth of 30 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/ EC 1000 uS/cm to 1900 uS/cm is reached on the 10 to 60th day. Variable 2: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 24 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 2350 uS/cm achieved on the 10th to 60th day.

Biohole Effectiveness Analysis through the Distribution Pattern of Microbes at Each Depth in Real Time on humus Soil Integrated Smartfarming

This research was conducted on inseptisol soils, especially for plantations, with the aim of not only restoring the health and fertility of the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as seeing the pattern of EC distribution at each depth from the center of the biohole based on the time of observation. Through controlled microbial activity, its spread through two types of biohole, namely horizontal and vertical biohole. This research observes in real time through soil parameter sensors connected to the micro controller to changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, conductivity electrolyte level and porosity level through soil infiltration rate. Through simulations with 2 types of biohole, it can be seen the increase in EC in each depth to the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone to support the schedule and distribution patterns of planting both during vegetative growth and generative growth periods. So that we will know the proper biohole distance and spacing in order to be able to provide vegetative and generative mass nutrition based on nutrient values monitored through sensors that change the analogue parameters in the micro possessor into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. Inseptisol soils fertility simulation based on the number of microbial populations=108/cfu with variable 1: The effective depth for providing root nutrition to a depth of 30 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/ EC 1000 uS/cm to 1900 uS/cm is reached on the 10 to 60th day. Variable 2: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 24 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 2350 uS/cm achieved on the 10th to 60th day.

Biohole Effectiveness Analysis Through the Distribution Pattern of Microbes in Real Time for Agricultural Activities once Conservation on Grumosol Soil

This research was conducted on grumosol soils, especially for plantations, with the aim of not only restoring the health and fertility of the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as seeing the pattern of EC distribution at each depth from the center of the biohole based on the time of observation. Through controlled microbial activity, its spread through two types of biohole, namely horizontal and vertical biohole. This research observes in real time through soil parameter sensors connected to the micro controller to changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, conductivity electrolyte level and porosity level through soil infiltration rate. Through simulations with 2 types of biohole, it can be seen the increase in EC in each depth to the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone to support the schedule and distribution patterns of planting both during vegetative growth and generative growth periods. So that we will know the proper biohole distance and spacing in order to be able to provide vegetative and generative mass nutrition based on nutrient values monitored through sensors that change the analog parameters in the micro posesor into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. Grumosol soil fertility simulation based on the number of microbial populations=108/cfu with Variable 1: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 30 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 1500 uS/cm achieved on the 20th to day 60th day. Varibale 2: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 24 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 1500 uS/ cm achieved on the 50th to day 60th day.

Real Time Simulation of the Number of Microbial Populations for Fertility Optimization in Inseptisol Soils Using Smart Biosoidam Technology

This research was conducted on inseptisol soils, especially for vegetable plantations, aimed to determine the ability of the soil layer to distribute nutrients and restore soil health and fertility due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Through microbial activity that is controlled by spreading through a horizontal biohole, this study observes in real time through a micro controller the changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, electrolyte conductivity levels and porosity levels through soil infiltration rates. Through simulations with the variable microbial population, it can be seen the level of EC and other parameters against the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil. Until day 45 the soil fertility level has not reached=1500 uS/cm with a microbial population=103/cfu. Support the planting schedule both during the vegetative growth period and during the generative growth period, so that we will know when the right time to do is: Soil recovery, initial planting and when the tubers/flowers/fruit begin to be conditioned. until cooked based on nutrient values observed through sensors that convert analogue parameters by the micro controller into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. The initial condition before simulating the soil fertility value with the Electrolyte Conductivity (EC) parameter is 744 uS/cm, the simulation results are: Simulation A: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 15th day with a EC E=1050 uS/cm and in the generative period it is reached on the 23th day with a EC=1518 uS/cm. Simulation B: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 22th day with a EC=1008 uS/ cm and at the generative period it is reached on the 38nd day with a EC=1539 uS/cm . Simulation C: to start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on day 37 with a EC=1025 uS/cm and during the generative period it cannot be observed because on observation until day 45 the electrolyte conductivity has not reach=1500 uS/ cm.

Fertility Optimization in Humus Soils Using Digital Smart Biosoidam Technology with Real Time Simulation of the Number of Microbial Populations

This research was conducted on humus soils, especially for vegetable plantations, aimed to determine the ability of the soil layer to distribute nutrients and restore soil health and fertility due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Through microbial activity that is controlled by spreading through a horizontal biohole, this study observes in real time through a micro controller the changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, electrolyte conductivity levels and porosity levels through soil infiltration rates. Through simulations with the variable microbial population, it can be seen the level of EC and other parameters against the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil fertility level has not reached=1500 uS/cm with a microbial population=103/ cfu supports the planting schedule both during the vegetative growth period and during the generative growth period, so that we will know when is the right time to do: soil recovery, initial planting and when the tubers/flowers/fruit begin to be conditioned. Until cooked based on nutrient values observed through sensors that convert analogue parameters by the micro controller into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. The initial condition before simulating the soil fertility value with the Electrolyte Conductivity (EC) parameter is 744 uS/cm, the simulation results are: Simulation A: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 8th day with a EC=1053 uS/cm and in the generative period it is reached on the 19th day with a EC=1529 uS/cm. Simulation B: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 17th day with a EC=1007 uS/ cm and at the generative period it is reached on the 36nd day with a EC=1520 uS/cm. Simulation C: to start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on day 32 with an EC=1050 uS/cm and during the generative period it cannot be observed because on observation until day 45 the electrolyte conductivity has not reach=1500 uS/cm.

Simulation of the Number of Microbial Populations for Fertility Optimization in Gromosol Soils Using Digital Smart Biosoidam Technology

This research was conducted on gromosol soils, especially for vegetable plantations, aimed to determine the ability of the soil layer to distribute nutrients and restore soil health and fertility due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Through microbial activity that is controlled by spreading through a horizontal biohole, this study observes in real time through a micro controller the changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, electrolyte conductivity levels and porosity levels through soil infiltration rates. Through simulations with the variable microbial population, it can be seen the level of EC and other parameters against the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to because until day 45 the soil fertility level has not reached=1500 uS/cm with a microbial population=103/cfu. Support the planting schedule both during the vegetative growth period and during the generative growth period, so that we will know when the right time to do is: soil recovery, initial planting and when the tubers/flower/fruit begin to be conditioned. Until cooked based on nutrient values observed through sensors that convert analog parameters by the micro controller into digital information transmitted by wifi in real time. The initial condition before simulating the soil fertility value with the Electrolyte Conductivity (EC) parameter is 744 uS/cm, the simulation results are: Simulation A: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 18th day with a EC=1050 uS/cm and in the generative period it is reached on the 27th day with a EC=1500 uS/cm. Simulation B: To start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on the 27th day with a EC=1020 uS/ cm and at the generative period it is reached on the 45nd day with a EC=1326 uS/cm. Simulation C: to start the growth period (vegetative) is achieved on day 34 with an EC=1000 uS/cm and during the generative period it cannot be observed because on observation until day 45 the electrolyte conductivity has not reach=1500 uS/ cm.

Clearing vs. burning for restoring Pyrenean grasslands after shrub encroachment

Anthropogenic activities have modified vegetation on subalpine belts for a long time, lowering the treeline ecotone and influencing the landscape mainly through grazing and fire. The abandonment of these traditional land use practices during the last decades and global warming are contributing largely to the colonization of woody species in subalpine grasslands, causing irreversible changes in ecosystem functioning. A variety of management strategies requiring the use of fire and/or clear-cutting are carried out to prevent the expansion of highly encroaching shrubs and improve the conservation status of subhumid high-productive grasslands ecosystems. However, it is still poorly understood how different management strategies affect the recovery of subalpine grasslands, which is influenced concurrently by the vegetation community involved. In this study we used field experiments to test the impact of management treatments on soil properties and vegetation responses in subalpine Bromion erecti grassland communities colonized by the pyrophyte shrub Echinospartum horridum (Vahl) Rothm. on the southern Pyrenees. Vegetation was monitored for 5 years in E. horridum plots (two plots per treatment) where the vegetation was removed by prescribed fire (Burnt treatment) or by mechanical removal (Clear-cut treatment). Undisturbed E. horridum plots were used as a control (C-Erizón) for shrub removal treatments and a Bromion erecti grassland community regularly grazed (C-Grass) was used as a control for subalpine grassland. Clear-cut treatment of E. horridum community was more effective to control E. horridum colonization than Burnt treatment and contributed to a higher extent to recover original grassland vegetation, because E. horridum seedling performed worse (lower germination rates) and plant species were more similar to the original grassland (legumes, non-legume forbs, and grasses). Shrubs and sub-shrubs cover in Burnt areas increased faster than in Clear-cut areas during the 5 years following the treatment, although it did not reach the level of C-Erizón. Species richness and diversity increased in comparison with C-Erizón in both treatments, but they were significantly lower than those in the C-Grass. Network connectivity was larger in well preserved grasslands, i.e, C-Grass, than in any other treatments, mainly dominated by negative plant-plant association. Soils nutrients declined in Burnt sites 4 years after the fire treatment and no difference was observed between Clear-cut and C-Erizón sites, although they did not reach the soil fertility values of C-Grass in terms of organic matter and C/N ratio. This study showed that grazing favors plant diversity and community complexity in subalpine grasslands. It also demonstrated that clearing is a better strategy than burning to restore grasslands after shrub encroachment because burning entails deeper soil degradation and faster recovering of the pyrophyte shrub, E. horridum.

TINGKAT KESUBURAN TANAH PADA AREAL EKS PENEBANGAN HUTAN DI AREAL HPH PT. KSK NANGA PINOH KAB. MELAWI

Forest harvesting is a logging activity, distribution of trunks, skidding, loading and transportation. This activity involves a lot of heavy equipment that results in soil compaction and reduced vegetation cover. This condition causes changes in soil fertility conditions. This study aims to determine changes in soil fertility that occur due to forest exploitation activities. Namely by observing the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the area of the former skid trail, ex-TPn, former TPk, former logging areas. The research method used for data retrieval is the survey method with porposive sampling, while the data obtained is analyzed using descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, it shows that the former TPN area is the area with the lowest soil fertility value. Former logging areas have the best quality of soil fertility compared to other areas; such as former skid trails, former TPk and former Tpn areas even though they are still included in the low fertility classification, with organic matter in the former logged area of 2.24%. The organic matter content is only 0.8% with clay texture.Keyword: harvesting, forest, forest land, soil fertility

Assessment of soil fertility index for potato production using integrated Fuzzy and AHP approaches, Northeast of Iran

Considering the important role of soil fertility and nutrient management in the modern agriculture seems to be a key step in appropriate site-specific fertilizers management for crop production. The present study was conducted to prepare a soil fertility zonation map based on soil nutrient elements including total nitrogen, available potassium and phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and iron and soil chemical parameters comprising cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, salinity and pH by integrated Fuzzy and AHP approaches for potato production in Rokh plain, northeast of Iran. In this regard the most important soil chemical parameters and nutrient elements in 0-30 cm depth of the soil was analyzed and mapped. The S-shaped fuzzy membership function was subsequently defined for each factor to fuzzify soil fertility parameters. The soil fertility map was prepared by weighing factor layers by the AHP approach and summation of factor layers by IDW interpolation function in GIS. The values of the soil fertility index in the scale of 0 to 1 ranged from 0.104 to 0.574, classified the study area in very low (922.90 km 2 ), low (566.10 km 2 ) and moderate fertility (14.86 km 2 ) classes which comprises 61.37%, 37.64% and 0.99% of the surface area, respectively. A regression between soil fertility values and potato yield in the study area revealed a high correlation (R 2 = 0.91) between the observed results which validate the zonation of the fertility classes in the region.

Effect of fertilizer-N and organic resource management on soil aggregates formation and carbon cycling in the central highlands of Kenya

Njoroge KS, Mugendi DN, Vanlauwe B. 2018. Effect of fertilizer-N and organic resource management on soil aggregates formation and carbon cycling in the central highlands of Kenya. Asian J Agric 2: 25-37. To inquire the way the alteration of soils of various textures and fertility values with fertilizer-N and organic resources influencing aggregate formation and subsequent carbon (C) cycling in aggregates became the objective of this research. The experiment was carried out in Embu and Machang'a regions of central Kenya and was rooted on a putrefaction tube experiment that was established in April 2005. This experiment was intended at completing long-term field experimentations initiated in 2002 to set up the impact of the application of various combinations of organic and mineral resources on soil nutrient status. The main variables were fertilizer-N and organic resources, with the sub-management being soil fertility values. Maize stover and urea fertilizer were mixed with 3.2 kg of soil and put in putrefaction tubes. The implementation rate was 4 ton and 120 kg per hectare for the maize stover and fertilizer respectively. Four management were developed, namely: control (no organic resources or fertilizer-N added), lone fertilizer-N, lone stover, and combined stover and fertilizer-N, with each management having three replicates. To decide the alterations in soil aggregates, dirt samples acquired from the putrefaction tubes were fractionated through wet sieving. SOM fractionation was also carried out to gain the various SOM fractions. All achieved aggregates and SOM fractions were then dried in the oven, ground, and analyzed for C. All collected data were examined with the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS and the means separated at p <0.05. Bigger quantity of macroaggregates from Embu soils was studied than that from Machang'a soils. For both Embu and Machang'a soil, the alteration of soils with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources had a notable impact (p <0.05) on the portions of all aggregate class sizes. The alteration of soils of various fertility values with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources also had a notable impact on the allocation of SOM fractions for both Embu and Machang' soils. Remarkable discrepancies in whole soils, aggregates and SOM fractions percentage carbon values were also studied. On the whole, the silt and clay fraction had higher C values than that in other aggregate size classes representing higher stabilization of C within this fraction. From the results of this research, it is concluded that the utilization of combined organic and mineral resources is preferred for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility in high fertility soils. In low fertility coarse-textured soils, the lone implementation of organic resources is suggested for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility.

Assessment of Soil Fertility for Sugar Beet Production Using Fuzzy AHP Approach and GIS in the Northeastern region of Iran

Assessment of soil fertility seems to be a crucial step in appropriate site-specific management for crop production especially for sugar beet cultivation in the Northeastern region of Iran. For preparing the soil fertility zonation map for sugar beet production, the most important soil chemical parameters and nutrient elements affecting soil fertility in 0–30 cm soil depth were analyzed and mapped. Implementing fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach, the S-shaped fuzzy membership function was defined for each factor to fuzzify soil fertility parameters. The soil fertility map was prepared by weighing factor layers through AHP approach, the summation of factor layers, and subsequently inverse distance weighted interpolation function in geographic information system. The values of soil fertility in the scale of 0–1 ranged from 0.13 to 0.39, classified the study area in low (1205.41 km2) and very low fertility (1366.59 km2), which comprises 46.9 and 53.1% of the surface area, respectively. It was revealed that there is a high correlation (R2 = 0.98) between soil fertility values and sugar beet yield area, which validate the zonation mapping of soil fertility in the study. With respect to the findings obtained in our study, the fuzzy AHP approach may clearly apply in similar regions in estimating soil fertility index for a specific crop.

Evaluation of Effective Manure Disposal Systems and its Influence on Soil Fertility

Abstract The paper presents main provisions of methodology of manure utilization systems evaluation. All costs, starting with the costs related to manure cleaning in premises to the costs of increasing the biological yield obtained from its use, including the soil fertility value changes, were considered. The target function is offered a minimum of complex costs of entering the required amount of nutrients and organic matter per unit area for the planned yield. The effective technical solutions of calculations based on the proposed method include: construction of a boom conveyor with a hydraulic drive and described performance, scraper and screw types of conveyors, automatic scraper loading installation of manure from livestock buildings. The proposed solutions will reduce losses of nutrients by 50-70%, and will allow production of 20 million tons of grain annually.

Observation of field variability in tsunami-affected paddy field by using on the go soil sensor

This study observed soil condition in a tsunami-damaged field. An on-the-go soil sensor mounted on rice transplanter was employed for field monitoring. Topsoil depth (TD) and soil fertility value (SFV) were used for field evaluation. A dataset of 17,017 samples for tsunami-damaged and 33,716 samples from on-damaged field were evaluated in this study. Results indicated that standard deviation of TD between tsunami and non-damaged fields showed very little differences. However, average SFV in the tsunami field was greater than three times higher than that of non-damaged field. Especially, high SFV (i.e. 1.2 mS/cm) was observed around the edge of field due to the salt removal operation by using mole drain.

Development of On-the-go Soil Sensor for Rice Transplanter

The objective of this paper was to provide the development of on-the-go soil sensor for rice transplanter, particularly from a perspective of precision agriculture applications. Ultrasonic sensor, electrodes and platinum resistance thermometer were employed for topsoil depth (TD) and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurement. Soil fertility value (SFV) defined as new soil parameter, which consisted of ECa / TD. The results of field test revealed that the developed equipments could measure the TD (R2 = 0.999), and the SFV had a strong relationship with measured EC (R2 = 0.937).