Soil Conservation Technologies Research Articles

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Quality Indicators: The Case of Geshy Subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia

Land degradation is a global negative environmental process that causes the decline in the productivity of land resources’ capacity to perform their functions. Though soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies have been adopted in Geshy subcatchment, their effects on soil quality were limitedly studied. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects SWC measures on soil quality indicators in Geshy subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia. A total of 54 soil samples (two treatments–farmlands with and without SWC measures ∗ three slope classes ∗ three terrace positions ∗ three replications) were collected at a depth of 20 cm. Statistical differences in soil quality indicators were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the general linear model procedure of SPSS Version 20.0 for Windows. Means that exhibited significant differences were compared using Tukey’s honest significance difference at 5% probability level. The studied soils are characterized by low bulk density, slightly acidic with clay and clay loam texture. The results revealed that farmlands with SWC measures had significantly improved soil physical (silt and clay fractions, and volumetric soil water content (VSWC)) and chemical (pH, SOC, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. phosphorus) quality indicators as compared with farmlands without SWC measures. The significantly higher VSWC, clay, SOC, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. P at the bottom slope classes and terrace positions could be attributed to the erosion reduction and deposition effects of SWC measures. Generally, the status of the studied soils is low in SOC contents, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. P (deficient). Thus, integral use of both physical and biological SWC options and agronomic interventions would have paramount importance in improving soil quality for better agricultural production and productivity.

Post-adoption behaviour of farmers towards horticultural soil and water conservation technologies for watershed management in India

Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC) and its Research Centres have developed many model watershed projects in India in the past and implemented many horticultural Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) technologies for sustainable watersheds management. Though many evaluation studies were conducted on these watershed projects in the past but assessment of the post-adoption status of different horticultural SWC technologies over a longer period has not been done yet. It was imperative to appraise the behaviour of the farmers with regard to continuance & discontinuance of the horticultural technologies adopted, diffusion & infusion that took place and technological gaps that occurred in due course of time on post watershed management. The research study was carried out during 2012-15 as core project at Vasad as lead Centre along with IISWC headquarter Dehradun, and Centres Bellary, Chandigarh, Kota & Ooty, with the specific objectives of the study to measure the extent of post-adoption behaviour (continue-adoption, discontinuance, technological gap and diffusion) of farmers towards adopted horticultural SWC technologies of watershed management. In the present study various indices regarding continue adoption, discontinuance, technological gap and diffusion towards horticultural soil and water conservation technologies for watershed management were developed for measurement of post-adoption behaviour of farmers. It was revealed that seventy percent(71.08%) of horticultural SWC technologies were continued adopted and about thirty percent(28.91%) were discontinued by farmers. Out of the total continued adopted horticultural SWC technologies by farmers, one-third(33.84%) of technologies were continued adopted with technological gap. About one-fifth (22.02%) of horticultural SWC technologies were also diffused to other farmers' fields in nearby villages from the watersheds developed by the IISWC and its Centres.

Impact of the adoption of conservation practices on cereal consumption in a maize-based farming system in the Chinyanja Triangle, Southern Africa

This study concerns the potential impact of the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies on household food security. Our analysis is based on a sample of 312 households in the Chinyanja Triangle using questionnaires. We use Propensity Score Matching to estimate treatment effects of adoption. Results show that the adoption of conservation technologies has significant impact on cereal consumption. The Average Treatment effect on the Treated, based on three matching algorithms, ranges from 222.18 to 320.95 kg of cereal consumed per year. The results imply that efforts to improve the adoption of these technologies could contribute to food security.

Effect of Collective Action on Willingness to Accept (WTA) in Payment for Environmental Services in Northern Ghana

Effect of Collective Action on Willingness to Accept (WTA) in Payment for Environmental Services in Northern Ghana Evelyn D. Ahiale, PhD Abstract The use of payments for environmental service (PES) schemes as an alternative conservation and resource management tool is progressively becoming popular worldwide. Collective action in PES is receiving considerable attention as a way of reducing transaction costs of PES as well as influencing PES success. However, little is known about how collective action will influence the reward to participants. This paper examines the effect of collective action on smallholder farm households‟ willingness-to-accept (WTA) for soil and water conservation technologies, specifically soil and stone bunds, in northern Ghana. Using a hypothetical conservation plan, data were collected from a sample of smallholder farmers through stated choice experiment (CE) and contingent valuation (CV) methods. Bayesian estimation of the mixed logit and interval-data regression models were applied to the CE and CV data respectively to determine the effect of collective action on farmers‟ WTA. Estimates of collective action from both sets of data were found to significantly reduce farmers‟ WTA. For achieving cost effectiveness, careful inclusion of collective action in the design of payment for environmental service schemes in Ghana may offer a means to reduce the amount of reward payment made to resource managers for supplying environmental services (ES). Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jeds.v8n2a8

Soil and Water Conservation technology adoption and labour allocation: Evidence from Ethiopia

Abstract Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) technologies are viewed as part of a solution to increase the resilience of the agriculture sector to climate change. Research has shown that SWC technologies are effective at controlling erosion and increasing yields but are labour intensive. However, the quantification of their labour impacts remains an important research gap. In this paper, I estimate the labour impacts of adopting SWC technologies in Ethiopia. Using an endogenous Switching Regression Model (ESRM), I find that adopting SWC technologies increases plot-level adult labour by 35%. Impacts on child labour depend on the number of adults in the household. Specifically, estimated impacts range from 29% for the full sample to 78% for the sub-sample of households with fewer than three adults. I also find some evidence of negative self-selection in the case of child labour, which suggests that adopters have a comparative advantage since they are able to adopt the technology with smaller impacts on child labour as a result of unobservable characteristics. The estimated labour impacts also provide a plausible explanation for why farmers may not adopt SWC technologies despite their economic profitability. Ultimately, the paper argues that understanding the heterogeneity and magnitude of the labour impacts is an important part of understanding potential trade-offs of adopting SWC technologies. Given the estimated labour impacts, policies that relax the household’s labour constraints could be an effective mechanism to spur the adoption of labour-intensive environmentally agricultural practices, while minimizing potential negative effects.

Adoption Decision and Sustainable Utilization of Soil Conservation Technologies: Empirical Evidence from North West Ethiopia

Soil is a crucial and precious natural resource that govern numerous ecological processes. However, in Ethiopia particularly in north Gondar zone, soil erosion is a severe problem and a major cause of the decline of agricultural productivity. The adoption and diffusion of soil and water conservation practices (SWC), as a way to tackle this challenge, has become an important issue in the development policy agenda in the zone. Therefore, this study was to identify factors affecting Soil conservation investments in the North Gondar zone. Data was collected through interviewed schedule, filed observation and focus group discussion. The multistage sampling technique was employed to select 206 sample households. Both descriptive and econometrics model was used to analyze the collected data. A multivariate profit (MPV) model was used to analyze the effect of demographic, socioeconomic, market, institutional and biophysical related factors on the interdependent investment decisions of SWC practices using household survey. The MPV model analysis indicates that farmers invest a combination of practices at parcel level by considering substitution and complementarity effects of the practices. The results also revealed that age of household heads, literacy status of household heads, off-farm activity, distance of farmlands from homesteads, tropical livestock unit, and access to training were influence farmers’ investments in SWC practices. The overall results indicate that the identified physical, socioeconomic, and institutional factors influence promote or hinder investments in SWC practice so, policymakers should take into consideration these various factors in designing and implementing SWC policies and Programmers.

English

For countries where the agricultural sector supports a majority of the population as in Uganda, the link between poverty and land degradation is of great significance. Soil and water conservation technologies are a recommended means of reducing degradation rates. However, ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the impact of these technologies remain few. Using survey data collected from 338 randomly selected households in the Kabale district of South-Western Uganda, this study used a Tradeoff Analysis for Multi-Dimensional Impact Assessment (TOA-MD) model to analyze the impact of adoption on household agricultural income and poverty levels. In the survey, households in the district either had or had not adopted the soil and water conservation technologies that had been disseminated. Results indicate that the simulated range of adoption rates is between 55 and 85%, with a potential to increase to about 90% amongst households with higher non-farm income.  Households are also anticipated to benefit from adoption of soil and water conservation technologies through higher income from farming and poverty reduction; adoption is positively correlated with household non-farm income. Increased access to inputs, credit and improvement in infrastructure are recommended, especially for low income households. Dissemination of soil and water conservation technologies needs to be combined with other income generating measures in order to have a bigger impact on household welfare. Key words: Trade-off analysis, tradeoff analysis for multi-dimensional impact assessment (TOA-MD), soil and water conservation, Uganda, adoption impact, household welfare, smallholder farms. &nbsp

Does aging and off-farm employment hinder farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology in the Loess Plateau?

PurposeBased on the survey data of 1,152 households in three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia on the Loess Plateau, this paper aims to empirically analyze the impact of aging and off-farm employment on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. This paper analyzes the moderating effect of social network and the mediating effect of technological cognition in this impact relationship.Design/methodology/approachBased on the above analysis, the second part of this paper is based on relevant theories and constructs a theoretical model of the relationship of aging, off-farm employment, social network, technology cognition and farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. The third part introduces research methods, variable selection and descriptive statistics analysis of variables. The fourth part, based on the data of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia provinces in the Loess Plateau in 2016, empirically analyzes the impact of aging, off-farm employment and social network on the farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. This paper further examines the moderating effect of social network and the mediating effect of technology cognition in this influence relationship. Finally, based on the findings of the empirical study, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.FindingsFirst, aging and off-farm employment have a significant negative impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology, while social network has a significant positive effect. Second, social network has alleviated the effect of aging and off-farm employment on restraining farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. Third, aging and off-farm employment have restrained farmers’ cognition of soil and water conservation technology. Social network has promoted farmers’ cognition of soil and water conservation technology. Social network plays a moderating role in the impact of aging and off-farm employment on farmers’ cognition of soil and water conservation technology. Technology cognition plays a mediating role in the impact of social network on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology.Originality/valueThis paper integrates the aging, off-farm employment and social network into the same analytical framework and reveals their impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology and its action mechanism, which enriches the impact of human capital and social network on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. Then taking the social network as a moderator variable, the paper verifies its moderating effect on the relationship of aging, off-farm employment and farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. Farmers’ technology cognition should be included in the analysis framework to examine the impact of aging, off-farm employment and social network on farmers’ cognition of soil and water conservation technology. Taking the technology cognition as a mediator variable, the paper verifies its mediating effect on the relationship of aging, off-farm employment and farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology.

Understanding Malawian farmers' slow adoption of composting: Stories about composting using a participatory video approach

AbstractSoil and land degradation is a common issue in Sub‐Saharan Africa leading to poor yield and threatening food security, yet soil conservation technologies remain underutilized. To build on prior work that primarily emphasizes demographic differences in adoption, this study contributes by identifying underlying social and cultural factors that influence farmers' perceptions about and willingness to adopt soil conservation management practices in a rural region of Malawi. Key informant interviews were first conducted to identify constraints slowing composting adoption, which were then used to structure the creation of participatory videos—videos created with the active participation of local farmers that demonstrated compost manure practices and benefits. Farmers from the same communities subsequently participated in focus group discussions before and after the moderated screening and discussion of these videos in order to obtain a more in‐depth understanding of the constraints and possible ways to overcome them. Among the identified constraints to the use of composting were inefficient government programs such as the Farm Input Subsidy Program that contributed to a belief that only subsidized chemical fertilizers provided positive returns on investment, a lack of support from extension services that diminished compost use, social norms around gender that hindered women farmers from attempting to use composting, and livelihood strategy changes that led to labour shortages. Findings from the focus groups showed that the participatory video method encouraged adoption by helping farmers, and especially women, to reconsider composting, test it, and reflect upon social and cultural constraints impeding adoption. Over half of the farmers in the study tested composting for the first time after discussing the videos and changed their perception of both the value of composting and their own ability to use these types of soil conservation practices.

Weed study of mulched field in soil conservation technology

Global climate change has been increasing year by year, and this change has become more intense in our country. According to a study published by the Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Research, the temperature has risen by 1.56 degrees over the last 60 years, with the change expected to rise by 1.99 degrees by 2020 and by 3.13 degrees by 2050. Mongolia has an extreme continental climate, and its’ plant cover is loose, soil humus layer is thinner, has mainly light mechanically compounded soil, low precipitation in winter, dryness in spring. On the other hand, using a short rotation of grain fallow has created agro-ecological conditions such as vulnerable and a poorly-recovered environment. Under this situation, crop technologies need to be adapted to mitigate these negative consequences of the climate. Creating a large amount of plant covering will protect the soil from direct sunlight and its consequences. The final result of our research work is focused on identifying the changes of soil moisture regime of the covered area furthermore, the positive and negative impacts on the soil, decrease of weeds. As a result of covering the soil surface with straw, temperature reduced by 2 degrees during the planting season, weeds grew 3.4 times less, the moisture of soil increased by 5.5 mm and plantlet of wheat seeds increased by 6.2 percent respectively. As an average of study years weed quantity at mulched variants was less by 14 pc/m2 and less weight 7.1 g/m2 than mulch less variants, this was increased weight of the main crop by 36.6 g/m2 and yield by 1.8 t/ha, respectively.
 Хөрс хамгаалах хучлагатай тариалангийн технологийн хог ургамлын судалгааны дүн
 Хураангуй: Дэлхийн хэмжээнд уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт эрчимжиж, жилээс жилд дулаарал нэмэгдэж, энэхүү өөрчлөлт нь манай орны нөхцөлд бага хугацаанд илүү хүчтэй мэдрэгдэх боллоо. Ус цаг уур, орчны судалгаа, мэдээллийн хүрээлэнгээс гаргасан судалгаагаар сүүлийн 60 жилийн хугацаанд агаарын температур 1.56 хэмээр нэмэгдсэн, энэхүү өөрчлөлт цаашид үргэлжлэх ба 2020 он гэхэд 1.99 хэм, 2050 онд 3.13 хэмээр нэмэгдэх төлөвтэй байгааг судлаачид тогтоосон байна. Дулаарал нэмэгдэхийн хэрээр хөрсний чийгийн ууршилт нэмэгдэж, бэлчээрийн болон таримал ургамлын чийг хангамж дутагдах, хур тунадасны хүртээмж буурах нь зайлшгүй болно. Хур тунадас багатай, чийг хангалтгүй үед тариалангийн технологи нь уур амьсгалын энэхүү сөрөг үр дагаварт дасан зохицсон, нөлөөллийг нь бууруулахад чиглэх шаардлагатай бөгөөд бидний судалгааны үр дүн нь тариалангийн талбайд ургамлын нөмрөг үүсгэснээр хөрсийг халалт цонолтоос хамгаалах, хучлага бүхий талбайн хөрсний чийг дулааны горимын өөрчлөлт, сүрлэн хучлага хог ургамалд хэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг илрүүлэв. Тариалангийн талбайн хөрсний гадаргууд 3 т сүрлэн хучлага үүсгэснээр хавар тарилтын үед хөрсний үр суух гүний дулааныг 2 хэмээр бууруулж, хөрсний өнгөн 0-50 см гүний чийгийг 5.5 мм-ээр нэмэгдүүлснээр буудайн үрийн соёололтыг 6.2 %-иар нэмэгдүүлж, хог ургамал 3.4 дахин бага ургажээ. Хучлагатай талбайн цэцэглэлтийн үеийн хог ургамал 14 ш/м2-ээр, хог ургамлын жин 7.1 г/м2 -аар хучлагагүй хувилбараас бага байхад үндсэн таримлын жин нь 36.6 г/м2-аар их байгаа нь 1.8 ц/га-аар ургацыг нэмэгдүүлэв.
 Түлхүүр үг: Сүрлэн хучлага,чийг, дулаан, ургац

English

Soil degradation is among the serious environmental hazards of this generation. It is threatening agricultural production and leads to food insecurity. The objective of this study is to assess current soil degradation status and soil fertility enhancement technologies practiced by the land owners. Data were obtained through questionnaires administered to 156 respondents selected randomly from all watershed classification schemes (upstream, mid-land, and downstream). Field observations, interviews and discussions with village elders, farmers groups, and village scholars were conducted using a check list of topics focusing on soil degradation, and attempts were made to combat the problem. The result revealed that 70% of farmers experienced soil degradation on their farm land and also crop productivity decreased from time to time.  Productivity cannot be boosted without intensive fertilizer application. Most farmers (>64%) mentioned steep slope, high rainfall, deforestation and poor soil cover as the major causes to soil degradation. Soil fertility amelioration measures like application of compost, construction of terraces, farmyard manure, fallowing, the protection of regenerating natural vegetation, and tree planting were practiced but adoption level of technologies from farmer to farmer is entirely dependent on their awareness level. Simple soil conservation technologies which are easily adopted by farmers should be available. Above all, education infrastructure focusing on soil conservation should be available for land owners. Key words: Soil degradation, soil fertility, soil fertility amelioration. &nbsp

Gender assessment of vegetable farmers’ utilisation of soil and water conservation technologies in MicroVeg project Sites, Southwest Nigeria

The study assessed the utilisation of soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies by vegetable farmers in MicroVeg project sites on a gender basis. Specifically, it identified the popular SWC technologies used and assessed the level of utilisation of the SWC technologies among the male and female vegetable farmers. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used for the sample selection. At stage one, purposive sampling, proportionate sampling at stage two and snowball sampling at the last stage. Data collected were described using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages and analysed using correlation and t-test. The findings revealed that the mean age of the male farmers was 35.28±8.2 years while that of the female farmers was 40.94±10.34 years. Cover cropping, fertilizer, dug-out well and surface irrigation was the dominant SWC technologies used by both male and female farmers. Results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between male vegetable farmers’ years of farming experience (r=0.284), size of vegetable farm (r=0.271), and contact with extension agents (r=-0.078) and the utilisation of SWC technologies at P≤0.01. Also, for female vegetable farmers’ there was significant relationship between age (r=0.355), household size(r=0.3694) and years of farming experience (r=0.420) and utilisation of technologies. The study, therefore, concludes that male farmers utilised more SWC technologies than the females in the study area. It was therefore recommended that gender policies that could enhance female farmers’ utilisation of SWC technologies in order to bridge the existing gender gaps should be introduced by the MicroVeg project administrators with a view to increasing soil fertility.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP INOVASI TEKNIK SOIL BIOENGINEERING UNTUK MITIGASI LONGSOR DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA JAWA TENGAH (Characteristics and farmers’perception to Soil Bioengineering technique for mitigation of landslide at Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java )

Soil Bioengineering technique is a soil and water conservation technology innovation for landslide mitigation. The success of technological innovation is influenced by the perception and characteristic of the user community. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of farmers as potential users and their perceptions that were measured based on an assessment of characteristics of technology innovation. This study used a qualitative approach combined with the support of qualitative data quantification. Data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data include the characteristics of respondents and their perceptions of Soil Bioengineering innovation in the form of assessment variables consisting of certain indicators which are then measured using a Likert scale. The characteristics of farmers prospective users of Soil Bioengineering techniques are: 1) productive age, 2) lack of education (junior high school), 3) narrow land ownership (0.1 to 0.3 hectares), 4) the commodity planted is salak, 5) experience as farming (16 - 20 years) and, 6) medium/ middle income levels (3- 4.9 million rupiah per month). Farmer's perceptions are generally positive to Soil Bioengineering. Positive perception techniques if it was measured based on: 1) relative advantage, 2) compatibility, 3) simplicity, 4) trialability and 5) observability.

The Method and Model of Ecological Technology Evaluation

In order to evaluate ecological technology scientifically, we constructed a modular “three-stage evaluation method” based on qualitative evaluation, semiquantitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation, and established the theoretical models of the four kinds of ecotechnology, such as soil and water conservation technology, desertification governance technology, rocky desertification governance technology and ecological restoration technology. We gave the quantification criteria of the first-level and second-level index commonly shared by four kinds of ecotechnology and defined the quantification criteria of the third-level index of reflecting the heterogeneity of soil and water conservation technology. An ecotechnology evaluation model combining Analytic Hierarchy Process and Logistic regression was established based on soil and water conservation technology. The rationality of the evaluation method and model were verified by field investigation data of soil and water conservation technology in Gaoxigou. The evaluation method and model could provide scientific basis for the effective introduction and popularization of ecotechnology.

Evaluating Technical Standards of Implemented Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Jimma Zone, South-Western Ethiopia

Evaluating Technical Standards of Implemented Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Jimma Zone, South-Western Ethiopia

基于评价指标为潜变量背景下的纸坊沟流域水土保持技术评估

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于评价指标为潜变量背景下的纸坊沟流域水土保持技术评估 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201811222537 作者: 作者单位: 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题（2016 YFC0503702）；国家自然科学基金项目（41571515）；国家重点研发计划课题（2016 YFC0501707） Assessment of soil and water conservation technology of Zhifanggou watershed based on evaluation indices Author: Affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A＆F University,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A＆F University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:基于生态技术属性、应用、实施效果以及其特征表现为潜变量的现实，以潜变量为背景，构建了两种情境下的指标体系，在纸坊沟流域对两种情境下的指标体系进行验证，两种情境下的评估结果与均现实相符。水土保持技术选择、应用过程以及技术体系之间的互动关系直接涉及到的是潜变量，为了精确揭示水土保持技术的本质、明确纸坊沟流域水土保持技术应用过程及水土保持技术体系，基于课题"生态技术评价方法、指标与评价模型开发"的相关研究成果以及2018年5月农户调研资料，构建了包括技术成熟度、技术应用难度、技术相宜性、技术效益以及技术推广潜力在内的5个一级指标、技术完整性等在内的14个二级指标的水土保持技术评价指标体系，并对各指标进行解释，得到评判标准。采取一二级指标相互印证的方法对安塞县纸坊沟流域水土保持技术进行评估，结果表明：纸坊沟流域3个阶段水土保持技术综合得分分别为：0.5399（0.5191），0.6724（0.6628），0.7866（0.7748）（括号内为基于二级指标的测算结果）。流域内水土保持技术及其应用综合效果不断提升，动因为：水土保持技术体系不断优化，水土保持技术选择与应用的要素的耦合度不断提升，并与农户理念趋近。 Abstract:Based on ecological technological attributes, application, implementation effects, and the characteristics of their latent variables, an index system in two scenarios was generated with the latent variables as the background, and the index system in two scenarios was verified in the Zhifanggou watershed. The evaluation results in both scenarios are consistent with the actual conditions. The interaction between soil and water conservation technology, their application, and technical systems are directly associated with latent variables. To accurately elucidate the nature of soil and water conservation technology, to clarify the application process of soil and water conservation technology in the Zhifanggou watershed and the technical system of soil and water conservation, based on the data regarding ″Eco-technical evaluation methods, indicators and evaluation model development″ and the survey data of farmers in May 2018, the technology maturity, technical application difficulty, technical suitability, technical benefits, and technology promotion potential were assessed. The soil and water conservation technology evaluation index system includes five first-level indicators and 14 second-level indicators. The indicators are interpreted, and the criteria are judged. The soil and water conservation technology of the Ansai Zhifanggou watershed was evaluated via mutual verification of the first and second indicators. The comprehensive assessment scores of soil and water conservation technology in stages of the Zhifanggou watershed are 0.5399 (0.5191),0.6724 (0.6628),and 0.7866 (0.7748) (the values in parentheses are the secondary indicators). The comprehensive effect of soil and water conservation technology and its application in the basin has continuously improved because the water and soil conservation technology system is continuously optimized, and the coupling degree of soil and water conservation technology selection and application elements is continuously improved. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

喀斯特石漠化综合治理及其区域恢复效应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 喀斯特石漠化综合治理及其区域恢复效应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201909051849 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国科学院科技服务网络计划（STS计划）项目（KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502400）；国家自然科学基金重点基金项目（41930652） The comprehensive treatment of karst rocky desertification and its regional restoration effects Author: Affiliation: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, CAS,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, CAS Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:国家加大生态保护与建设力度背景下，我国西南喀斯特石漠化面积实现"持续净减少"，面临由传统高强度人为干扰向大规模自然恢复与人工造林的转变，石漠化治理也面临转型。现有喀斯特生态研究已阐明了喀斯特脆弱生态系统人为干扰退化机制，初步揭示了生态治理改善生态系统结构与功能的恢复机理，突破了保土集水与植被恢复的适应性石漠化治理技术与模式，评估了石漠化治理显著加速区域植被生长与恢复的固碳效应。但目前石漠化治理面临着治理成效巩固困难、治理技术与模式缺乏区域针对性、大规模低效人工林亟待改造、社会人文驱动机制不清等问题。未来喀斯特生态恢复应聚焦石漠化治理提质增效，从侧重单一生态要素、单一生态过程的研究向多要素综合、多过程综合以及喀斯特地表-地下过程耦合、景观格局与生态过程耦合、生态过程与生态系统服务耦合、自然与人文过程耦合等陆地表层系统集成的方向发展，为我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化治理与扶贫开发成效巩固、乡村振兴与美丽中国战略的实施提供科技支撑。 Abstract:Chinese government is doing increased efforts to protect ecosystems. The area of rocky desertification in Southwest China karst is undergoing continuous net reduction with the strengthening measures for the comprehensive control of rocky desertification treatment. Thus, the social and ecological conditions of this area are transforming from the previous high pressure of human disturbance to large-scale natural recovery and artificial afforestation. Hence, changes in rocky desertification treatment are also required. Given the need for scientific methodology and technical support for the comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification, current studies have revealed the degradation mechanisms of human disturbances to the fragile karst ecosystem, and conducted preliminary exploration of the restoration mechanisms of ecosystem structure and function improved by ecological management. On the basis of these studies, breakthroughs have occurred in the water and soil conservation and adaptive vegetation recovery technologies and measures for rocky desertification treatment. The effects of conservation and restoration on increased vegetation recovery and carbon sequestration in China karst areas that have been identified. In terms of the sustainability of karst ecological restoration, however, rocky desertification treatment faces new problems, such as the difficulties in the consolidation of ecological restoration and poverty alleviation, the lack of technology and measures targeted to karst ecosystem, the improvement for structures and functions of widely inefficient plantations, and the human factors behind the ecological restoration of karst ecosystem. Therefore, ecological conservation and restoration in China karst should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of rocky desertification treatment, pay more attention to the transformation from a single ecosystem component and process to the combination and integration of multiple components and processes, and couple the surface and subsurface processes of karst ecosystem, landscape patterns and processes, ecosystem processes and services, natural and social processes. The future karst ecology research will provide the scientific foundation for the consolidation of rocky desertification treatment and poverty alleviation, and the implementation of Beautiful China and Rural Revitalization strategies. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

水土保持技术对农业产业-资源系统的耦合路径分析

水土保持技术对农业产业-资源系统的耦合路径分析

黄土高原典型区水土保持技术评估与需求分析——以安塞为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄土高原典型区水土保持技术评估与需求分析——以安塞为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201812312852 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0503701） Assessment and needs analysis on soil and water conservation technology in the typical region of the Loess Plateau: a case study of Ansai, China Author: Affiliation: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:黄土高原是我国乃至全球水土流失治理的重点地区，经过40多年的治理，积累了种类多样的水土保持技术，对遏制和缓解水土流失和生态退化起到了良好作用。目前由于缺乏对具体治理需求的考量，从而影响水土保持技术效果的发挥，故技术评估和需求分析是选择适宜可行生态治理技术的重要环节。选择安塞纸坊沟流域和南沟流域的4个自然村为研究区，通过实地调研、利益相关者问卷调查和地理空间分析，旨在辨识并评估现有水土保持技术，识别技术需求，构建指标体系分析其立地适宜性和社会-经济可行性。研究结果表明，农户主要应用3类12项技术，工程类和生物类技术应用居多，生物类中地埂植物带和农业类技术应用较少；目前应用的水土保持技术整体效果较好，专家认为12项技术中工程类的梯田和淤地坝、生物类的地埂植物带综合表现最好，农户对梯田和水平沟、鱼鳞坑整地等坡面治理技术的效果评分高于专家，对淤地坝、谷坊等沟道治理技术以及集雨水窖和保护性耕作技术的效果评分低于专家，农户更关注技术的经济效益；技术存在的问题表现在梯田和治沟造地配套措施不完善，淤地坝、谷坊和水窖缺少修缮维护；识别出的技术需求分为3类，即新技术、改良技术和配套技术；纸坊沟流域的两个村立地条件更适宜人工造林种草，南沟流域的两个村更适宜天然封育，由社会-经济可行性分析可知，峙崾崄农户需要更多梯田种植果树及其配套技术，纸坊沟需要更多梯田种植作物或大棚蔬菜瓜果，大南沟需要造地后的配套技术，杏树窑需要造地种植作物及道路等配套基础设施。该研究是对黄土高原水土保持技术进行评估和需求分析的重要尝试，为生态治理决策提供参考。 Abstract:The Loess Plateau is the key area for soil and water loss (SWL) conservation and ecological restoration in China. A series of ecological restoration projects have been carried out and several conversation measures have been applied, which had sound function on control and mitigation of SWL and ecological degradation. The technology and its needs assessment are important links in selecting suitable and feasible technologies, as the lack of systematic needs analysis of different stakeholders has affected the effective application of soil and water conversation technology (SWCT). We selected 4 villages of Zhifanggou and Nangou basins of Ansai District of Yan'an City as case study area. Using the field survey, stakeholders questionnaires, and geospatial analysis, the objectives of this paper were to identify and assess the SWCT adopted in the study area, identify needs of technologies, and analyze the site suitability and socio-economic feasibility of the SWCT with indicator system. The results showed that farmers mainly applied 3 types of 12 technologies. Engineering and biological technologies were widely used, and there were few applications of vegetation covered ridge and agricultural technology. The overall effect of the SWCT was good. Experts from research institutions evaluated the SWCT in five dimensions of readiness, suitability, application barriers, effectiveness, and transfer potential. The comprehensive scores from experts of terrace, check dam, and vegetation covered ridge were higher than other technologies. Effectiveness scores from farmers of terrace, horizontal ditch, and fish scale pit were higher than those from experts. However, scores from farmers of check dam, water cellar, and conversation tillage were lower, because farmers were concerned about the economic benefits of technology. Problems of application of the SWCT included few supporting measures of terrace and gully land, few repair and maintenance of check dam and water cellar. Technology needs were divided into 3 categories, namely new technology, improved technology and supporting technology. The site condition with slope, geomorphologic types, and land use of two villages in Zhifanggou basin was suitable for planting trees and grass, while those of two villages in Nangou basin was suitable for natural recovery. Shiyaoxian village needed more terrace to plant apple trees. Zhifanggou village needed more terrace to plant crop or build green house. Danangou village needed more supporting technologies for gully lands. Xingshuyao village needed new gully lands and supporting infrastructure. We also conducted the social-economic condition analysis of labor force, accessibility, and farmers' willingness. This research was an important attempt to assessment and needs analysis on the SWCT in the Loess Plateau for ecological governance decision-making. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Determinants of Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in Soil Conservation Practices in Jinga Bilu Kebele Gololcha Woreda

This study aimed at identifying determinants of farmer’s willingness to participate in soil conservation practice and assessing effects of soil erosion and use of soil conservation practice in the society. Data were collected through structured interview from 75 farmers. Descriptive statistics were used to analyzsis the data, Binary logit model was employed to analyze determinants of farmers’ willingness to participate in soil conservation practices. Eight explanatory variables were included in the model of which four were significant at less than 10% probability levels. The significant variables were age of household head; extension service, technological awareness, and consumer-worker ratio are some of the variables that have significant effect on WTP.specifically, the age of the household have a negative and significant impact on farmers’ willingness to participate in soil conservation practices. The assistance of extension agent was affect positively and significantly, the farmers’ willingness to participate in soil conservation practices. The dependency ratio also affects negatively and significantly, willingness to participate in soil conservation that is as the number of consumer-worker increases the willingness to participate decrease. Policy makers and government should encourage and provide technical advice to farmers who are practicing soil conservation at their own initiative and using their indigenous knowledge. Researchers should also develop appropriate soil conservation technologies for each particular situation, incorporating farmers’ indigenous knowledge. More specifically, as farmers are well adapted to the local ecology and the farming systems, incorporating their indigenous practices would increase acceptability and sustainability of soil conservation Keywords : willingness to participate, soil conservation, participation DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-1-01