Software Suite Research Articles

Drone Shaped Fractal Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for RF Energy Harvesting Applications

A proposed multiband drone shaped fractal antenna (Antenna-1) is introduced in this paper that targets the most required frequencies used for radio frequency energy harvesting applications, including WLAN-2.4G, WLAN-5G, WLAN-6G, Mobile DCS1700, Mobile LTE and WIMAX services. A novel fractal shape is designed and combined with a standard square geometrical shape in order to implement the front patch of the antenna. The antenna is simulated with CST Studio Suite software and fabricated on FR-4 substrate. Different antenna stages with parametric study and optimization were implemented to get the best performance from the drone shape fractal antenna. The multiband (Antenna-1) supports six resonate frequencies (1.7155 GHz, 2.424 GHz, 3.36 GHz, 3.789 GHz, 5.843 GHz, 6.886 GHz) with peak gain of (2.83 dBi) at the frequency 2.45 GHz and a maximum bandwidth of (0.4281 GHz) at the frequency 5.8 GHz that make it a suitable antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting applications.

ЧИСЛЕННОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАБОТЫ УЗЛА МОНОЛИТНОГО БЕЗБАЛОЧНОГО ПЕРЕКРЫТИЯ СО СТАЛЕБЕТОННОЙ КОЛОННОЙ, С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ СРЕЗНОГО БАЛОЧНОГО УЗЛА, С УЧЕТОМ СОВМЕСТНОЙ РАБОТЫ БЕТОНА И СТАЛИ

The presented study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the performance of a monolithic slab-column connection utilizing a shear key. Utilizing the finite element method in the ANSYS software suite, a detailed geometric model of the structure is developed, facilitating complex numerical simulations. Special attention is paid to the interaction between concrete and steel within the structure, as well as the transfer of forces through the shear key. The obtained results include a detailed assessment of stress and deformation distribution in various components of the structure, enhancing the overall understanding of its mechanical behavior. The aim of the study is not only to analyze the effectiveness of employing a shear key to ensure the strength and stability of the slab-column connection, but also to generate practical recommendations for optimizing the design to improve the interaction between materials and enhance the reliability of construction projects. The presented research is significant for engineers and designers seeking to improve the processes of design and construction in the modern industry, as well as for developers of regulatory documents in the field of construction and infrastructure. The findings of the study can be applied in the development of new construction technologies.

Radical scavenging activity of bromophenol analogs: analysis of kinetics and mechanisms.

This theoretical study explores the antioxidant activity of five bromophenol analogs, with a particular focus on their interaction with different solvent environments of varying polarities. Key findings include the correlation between increased solvent polarity and enhanced antioxidant activity of these analogs, comparable in some instances to ascorbic acid. Notably, compound 5, developed by our research team, demonstrates superior antioxidant activity in both lipid and aqueous solutions, surpassing that of ascorbic acid and other tested analogs. This research contributes to the understanding of bromophenol analogs, presenting the first known kinetic and chemical stability data such as rate constants, pKa values, and branching ratios for reactions with the methylperoxyl radical (CH3OO•). The computational analyses were conducted using the Gaussian 09 software suite at the M05-2X/6-31 + G(d) computational level. These analyses employed conventional transition state theory to account for various potential mechanisms and effects of solvent polarity on the antioxidant activities of bromophenol analogs. The study meticulously calculated enthalpy under standard conditions (298.15K and 1atm) with necessary thermodynamic corrections. Additionally, the Quantum Mechanics-based Test for Overall Radical Scavenging Activity (QMORSA) protocol guided the evaluation of radical scavenging activity, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of the antioxidant potential of the compounds.

Influences of excitation signals on terahertz antenna radiation characteristics

This work focuses on the influences of excitation signals on the radiation characteristics (directivity, bandwidth, and gain) of electronics-based antennas by utilizing the CST Studio Suite software. Today, terahertz (THz) waves have attracted intense attention due to their significant advantages: high penetration, low quantum energy, high-frequency bandwidth, spectral fingerprints, and transients, etc. As a type of THz radiation source and a core element of communication systems, THz antennas have essential application value. However, there are challenges for THz antenna technology, such as low radiation efficiency, high fabrication difficulty, high cost, and complex tests. Previous studies have achieved expected radiation performance for electronics-based THz antennas, mainly by changing the materials and the structure. As passive devices, antennas require excitation signals to operate, which may affect the radiation characteristics. This work takes the THz dipole antenna as the primary example to study the influences, while patch and horn THz antennas are built as auxiliary examples. The research results demonstrate that different excitation signals have significant influences on the antenna’s radiation characteristics (bandwidth and gain). This work can thus help to achieve the desired antenna radiation goals to improve the controllability and practicality of antennas, making antennas suitable for various application scenarios and requirements.

An Overview on SAP S/4HANA Deployment Options and Transition Paths

SAP S/4HANA is the next generation SAP business suite software. It is the digital core of your organization and is designed to run an Intelligent Enterprise. Many SAP ECC customers are planning for their transition to SAP S/4HANA. SAP ECC customers are in confusion on the approach to move to SAP S/4HANA and choosing a deployment option. There are Three different approaches for moving to SAP S/4HANA.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION MODEL OF PRECIPITATION INTENSITY

The paper analyses the technological features of building a geoinformation model to study the precipitation intensity in Ukraine. Analysis of natural phenomena requires promptness in obtaining and updating initial data. For this reason, today, geoinformation technologies most often use remote sensing data, mainly in raster format. We collected the raw data on precipitation intensity from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre website of the German Meteorological Service (DWD). It is monthly data for 2022 in raster format with a raster size of 1 degree. For the organisation and analysis of geographical information, we chose the most suitable new software product, SAGA GIS, designed for geoscientific analysis automation. The advantages of this system are the availability of a complete set of geophysical analysis methods, the spatial algorithms implementation, and open-source code. After data loading, we geoprocessed the data, in particular, using the SAGA software module ‘Set Coordinate Reference System’ and selected the WGS84 coordinate system for the required layers. To prepare the data for analytical studies, we limited them to the administrative boundaries of Ukraine and transformed the WGS84 coordinate system into a UTM 36N projection. Using SAGA analytical tools, we grouped the data by season. Then, we determined the distribution of precipitation intensity over the territory for each season, identifying areas with the highest and lowest precipitation intensity and a part of the territory with the highest annual precipitation. The results of this work may have practical significance for various sectors of the economy and decision-making on adaptation to climate change. They can be relevant both for scientific research and practical application in fields related to environmental assessment. By supplementing the model with data for other subsequent or previous periods, it will be possible to determine trends in precipitation intensity by regions of Ukraine or physiographic zones of its territory. Keywords: modelling, precipitation intensity, geodatabase, geoprocessing, seasonality, software modules, SAGA GIS.

Investigation of structural and electrical properties of RLaLiTeO6 (R = Ca, Sr, and Ba) double perovskites

In this study, we synthesized RLaLiTeO6 compounds (R = Ca, Sr, and Ba) via a high-temperature solid-state reaction route and thoroughly investigated their structural, dielectric, and impedance properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the samples. Symmetry confirmation was achieved through Raman spectroscopy and further solidified through Rietveld refinement employing FullProf Suite software. Our results showed that CaLaLiTeO6 and SrLaLiTeO6 exhibited a monoclinic (P21/n) phase, while BaLaLiTeO6 displayed a tetragonal (I4/m) phase. Structural optimization was further carried out using the VESTA and GFourier programs, with microstrains and crystallite sizes assessed via the Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed a decrease in average grain size from 0.87 μm to 0.26 μm with increasing ionic radii from Ca to Ba. The dielectric properties, characterized by the variation of dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (tanδ) with frequency (0.1 Hz to 1 MHz) at specific temperatures, exhibited dispersive behavior at low frequencies and became independent at high frequencies. Furthermore, temperature-dependent dielectric constants and losses were investigated over 300 K to 625 K under fixed applied AC field values. The impedance study was assessed through Z′ vs. Z″ (Nyquist) plots at different temperatures, with the fitting performed at 583 K to provide insight into the grain and grain resistance values. The observed high dielectric constant suggests a promising potential for electronic applications such as capacitors or microwave resonators.

Diversity and functional annotation of bacteria community associated with the epithelial surface of Hippocampus kuda (yellow seahorse) and its surrounding environment

Abstract. Maguate NJIFS, Tabugo SRM. 2024. Diversity and functional annotation of bacteria community associated with the epithelial surface of Hippocampus kuda (yellow seahorse) and its surrounding environment. Biodiversitas 25: 2230-2240. Hippocampus kuda, commonly known as the yellow seahorse, hosts various microorganisms crucial for its well-being and interactions within its ecosystem. This research aimed to analyze and understand the bacterial community associated with H. kuda by employing V3-V4 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Four distinct libraries were constructed, representing the epithelial surfaces of both male and female seahorses and samples from water and soil/sediment habitats. Following rigorous quality control and processing, 187,972 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were identified. The predominant ASVs were attributed to genera such as Vibrio, Roseobacter, Photobacterium, Ruegeria, Candidatus, Pseudoalteromonas, Synechococcus, Flavobacterium, and Altererythrobacter, along with some unidentified genera belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. As indicated by the Shannon index, alpha diversity analysis demonstrated the highest bacterial diversity on the epithelial surface of male seahorses (MS), with a value of 3.2363. Moreover, the functional annotation of bacterial community was conducted using the PICRUSt algorithm within the Parallel-Meta Suite (PMS) software. This analysis uncovered various functional categories, such as metabolism, genetic information processing, and cellular processing. Overall, the findings underscore the role of the microbiome on the skin and surrounding environment in influencing the growth and health of H. kuda seahorses. Notably, this study represents the first documentation of the bacterial community inhabiting the epithelial surface of H. kuda, shedding light on its significance in the ecology of these marine organisms.

A plate containing a central rectangular hole made of PMMA resin and reinforced with graphene particles: low-velocity impact analysis

Purpose Due to the important and extensive use of graphene in the engineering structures, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of a graphene-reinforced plate with a rectangular central hole. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, Halpin-Tsai theory is used to model the mechanical properties of the plate made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin and graphene particles. First, the plate displacement field is presented, and then the strains and stresses are obtained. The motion equations are extracted using energy equations, Ritz method and generalized Lagrange equations. The verification of theoretical formulation shall be carried out using the ABAQUS finite element software suite. Findings The effects of graphene volume fraction, approaching the impact point to the corner of the rectangular plate, and different boundary conditions of the plate are studied for LVI of impactor with spherical tip on the rectangular central hole reinforced by graphene. Important responses of the impact, such as the contact force between the impactor and the plate as well as the displacement of the plate at the impact place, are investigated and analyzed in this research. Originality/value Considering the wide application of graphene in the engineering structures, the simulation of the LVI on the graphene-reinforced plate made of PMMA resin with a rectangular central hole is carried out in this paper using numerical and theoretical modeling.

Research on Optimization Design Strategies for Natural Ventilation in Living Units of Institutional Elderly Care Facilities Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation

As China transitions into a deeply aging society, the elderly population’s growth has driven a rapid increase in elderly care institutions and facilities during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, rising by over 235% compared to the “12th Five-Year Plan”. The ongoing normalization of COVID-19 prevention measures has underscored the urgent need to improve natural ventilation in elderly care residential facilities. This study conducted empirical surveys to assess the current state of natural ventilation in typical elderly care facilities and analyzed the architectural elements influencing it. By examining the needs and preferences of the elderly for natural ventilation, two basic living space layout types were identified through typological analysis. Suitable CFD simulation software was then employed to model key elements, and effective methods to enhance ventilation were summarized. This study found that modifying the floor plan to reduce the depth of south-facing rooms to 8.4 m, relocating external openings to the center of the rooms, adjusting the ratio of ventilation openings to room area to greater than 1/12, and adding 0.5 m high windows facing internal traffic roads can significantly improve indoor ventilation while maintaining privacy. Furthermore, placing the main activity and resting areas of the elderly in well-ventilated zones with minimal drafts can enhance both comfort and ventilation effectiveness. The research provides a scientific basis and methodological guidance for the construction and renovation of elderly care residential facilities.

Best Agile method selection approach at workplace

Selecting the most suitable agile software development method is a challenging task due to the variety of available methods, each with its strengths and weaknesses. To achieve project goals effectively, factors such as project needs, team size, complexity, and customer involvement should be carefully evaluated. Choosing the appropriate agile method is crucial for achieving high client satisfaction and effective team management, but it can be a challenging task for project managers and higher-level management officials.This paper presents a solution aiming to help them in selecting the most suitable software development method for their project. In this regard, this solution includes a pre-project management approach model and a decision tree that considers the unique requirements of the project. In the proposed solution results, Scrum was found to be suitable for both small and large projects, on the condition that roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and that the approach is people-centric. Furthermore, high-risk mitigation measures should be added for small projects. To facilitate the use of our model, a software application has been developed which implements the decision-making tree.

Zooming by in the CARPoolGP Lane: New CAMELS-TNG Simulations of Zoomed-in Massive Halos

Galaxy formation models within cosmological hydrodynamical simulations contain numerous parameters with nontrivial influences over the resulting properties of simulated cosmic structures and galaxy populations. It is computationally challenging to sample these high dimensional parameter spaces with simulations, in particular for halos in the high-mass end of the mass function. In this work, we develop a novel sampling and reduced variance regression method, CARPoolGP, which leverages built-in correlations between samples in different locations of high dimensional parameter spaces to provide an efficient way to explore parameter space and generate low-variance emulations of summary statistics. We use this method to extend the Cosmology and Astrophysics with machinE Learning Simulations to include a set of 768 zoom-in simulations of halos in the mass range of 1013–1014.5 M ⊙ h −1 that span a 28-dimensional parameter space in the IllustrisTNG model. With these simulations and the CARPoolGP emulation method, we explore parameter trends in the Compton Y–M, black hole mass–halo mass, and metallicity–mass relations, as well as thermodynamic profiles and quenched fractions of satellite galaxies. We use these emulations to provide a physical picture of the complex interplay between supernova and active galactic nuclei feedback. We then use emulations of the Y–M relation of massive halos to perform Fisher forecasts on astrophysical parameters for future Sunyaev–Zeldovich observations and find a significant improvement in forecasted constraints. We publicly release both the simulation suite and CARPoolGP software package.

Comprehensive analysis of TMB, TNB, and HLA via NGS sequencing in a large cohort of Chinese pan-cancer patients.

2656 Background: Evidence suggests that patients with high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) are more likely to benefit from Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Furthermore, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, particularly HLA class I, impairs neoantigen presentation and contributes to resistance against ICIs. This study provides real-world insights into the distribution of TMB, TNB, and HLA variations within a large cohort of Chinese patients with various cancers. Methods: From 2021 to 2023, we performed a retrospective analysis on 1603 cancer patients, examining genetic mutations and HLA traits using the Med1 CDx DNA-based NGS panel targeting 601 cancer-related genes and HLA class I. TMB was calculated as the average number of coding mutations per megabase of the genome. HLA class I alleles (HLA-A, B and C) were identified and predicted using the OptiType and pVACtools software suites. TNB was defined as the number of high-affinity (IC50 ≤ 50 nM) neoantigens per megabase of the genome. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the relationship between TMB, TNB, and LOH status in critical regions of HLA. Results: This study enrolled participants across 25 cancer types. With 32.56% having non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 11.79% colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and 18.34% unidentified solid tumors. The remaining 37.31% comprised cases of cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, etc. High-affinity neoantigen-generating genes such as TP53, EGFR, KRAS, LRP1B, DMD, and FAT1 were identified. Our findings indicate substantial variation in tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) across various cancer types and even among different samples within the same type. Neuroendocrine tumors exhibited the highest TNB at 4 neoantigens/Mb, followed by esophageal cancer (3.3), melanoma and urothelial carcinoma (2.67 each), indicating higher TNB levels in these cancers compared to others. A significant positive correlation was observed between TMB and TNB (p< 0.0001). Analysis revealed no significant TNB differences attributable to age (cutoff at 60 years) or gender. However, individuals aged over 70 years demonstrated a higher TNB of 4 compared to those under 70 with 3.33, highlighting potential age-related differences in TNB. Conclusions: Our analysis highlights significant variation in TNB across cancer types, with the highest TNB found in neuroendocrine tumors and the lowest in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, indicating TNB's value as a biomarker for optimizing ICI therapy. Furthermore, we found that people over 70 years old have higher TNB levels than younger individuals, suggesting a potential for improved ICI efficacy without chemotherapy. The evident strong correlation between Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and TNB underlines their crucial role in the success of cancer immunotherapy.

60 GHz millimeter-wave indoor propagation path loss models for modified indoor environments

The 60 GHz band has been selected for short-range communication systems to meet consumers’ needs for high data rates. However, this frequency is attenuated by obstacles. This study addresses the limitations of the 60 GHz band by modifying indoor environments with square loop (SL) frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) wallpaper, thereby increasing its utilization. The SL FSS wallpaper response at a 61.5 GHz frequency has been analyzed using both MATLAB and CST Studio Suite software. ‘Wireless InSite’ is also used to demonstrate enhanced wave propagation in a building modified with SL FSSs wallpaper. The demonstration is applied to multiple input multiple output system to verify the effectiveness of FSSs on such systems’ capacity, as well as the effect of the human body on capacity. Simulation results presented here show that modifying a building using SL FSS wallpaper is an attractive scheme for significantly improving the indoor 60 GHz wireless communications band. This paper also presents and compares two large-scale indoor propagation path loss models, the close-in (CI) free space reference distance model and the floating intercept (FI) model. Data obtained from ‘Wireless InSite’ over distances ranging from 4 to 14.31 m is analyzed. Results show that the CI model provides good estimation and exhibits stable behavior over frequencies and distances, with a solid physical basis and less computational complexity when compared to the FI model.

A mid-infrared ultra-wideband polarization-independent tunable perfect absorber based on Dirac metal materials

A mid-infrared ultra-wideband tunable terahertz absorber based on bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) is presented. It has a simple three-layer structure: a top BDS metal layer, a middle dielectric layer, and a bottom reflective metal layer. The BDS layer was designed by creating a square cavity and a long rectangular cavity in the center of the BDS rectangle. The long rectangle was then rotated by 90° to form a centrosymmetric cavity. Using CST Studio Suite software, we numerically simulate the absorption characteristics. The simulation results indicate that the absorber achieves a high absorption (>90 %) of about 47.59 THz in the range of 37.5–90 THz when the Fermi energy level is 70 meV. The average absorption exceeds 95 %. In addition, adjusting the Fermi energy level of the BDS alters the absorption bandwidth. The centrosymmetric design of the structure ensures the absorber exhibits insensitivity to different polarization modes and angles of incidence, as well as excellent absorption stability. The designed shock absorber also exhibits excellent tolerance in manufacturing, reducing fabrication challenges and enabling practical applications. In addition, our design possesses the unique ability to modulate light in the mid-infrared band. These remarkable properties position our findings with significant potential in fields such as spectral analysis, optical biosensing technology, infrared sensing, and related applications.

Exploring the Impact of Split Ring Resonator Metamaterial Structure Integration on 4X4 MIMO Antenna Performance in Sub-6GHz Bands for 5G Applications

This research delves into the realm of antenna engineering, with a specific focus on examining the performance of 4x4 MIMO antennas with and without integration of split ring resonator metamaterial structure. The objective is to comprehend the influence of split ring resonator metamaterials on antenna characteristics within the 6 GHz frequency range. Employing CST Studio Suite software, comprehensive simulations are conducted to evaluate various parameters including gain, directivity, radiation efficiency, S-parameters, power distribution, VSWR, and total efficiency. In the frequency band up to 6GHz, observed gain values were 24.62dB without split ring resonator metamaterial integration and ranging from 6dB to 27dB with integration. Through a systematic comparison, the study aims to delineate the precise effects of split ring resonator metamaterials on antenna performance, thereby offering valuable insights into their potential for enhancing MIMO antenna systems.

Suitable Software for the Study of Combustion Processes in Boilers

Diversification of energy resources is a current objective that several countries want to achieve, including in northern Europe. Demand for wood fuels is increasing in Latvia, reflected in consumer expenditure. Using low-quality biomass (LQB) to produce fuel pellets for stabilisation and diversification is possible. LQB pellets can theoretically and practically be used in low-capacity solid fuel boilers to provide different types of individual heating systems with an alternative energy source. Before starting mass production of LQB fuel pellets, it is necessary to clarify the properties of the raw materials. Any fuel study shall be divided into two phases: determination of the parameters of the fuel or raw material (calorific values, moisture content, and ash content) and analysis of the combustion process. The combustion process can be studied in two ways: experimentally and by mathematical modelling. Knowing the parameters that would need to be clarified during the study of the LQB fuel pellets combustion process (thermodynamics, gaseous emissions, PM emissions, bottom ash, and slag), the authors have set the goal of clarifying the software applied to mathematical modelling of these parameters. A bibliometric analysis method was chosen to identify the software. The bibliometric analysis was carried out in the Scopus database. As a result, two software were identified: ANSYS Fluent software is suitable for modelling thermodynamic processes and gaseous emission streams. At the same time, XDEM software is ideal for modelling particle streams and ash/slag generation. This software will be used in future studies.

VISIR-2: ship weather routing in Python

Abstract. Ship weather routing, which involves suggesting low-emission routes, holds potential for contributing to the decarbonisation of maritime transport. However, including because of a lack of readily deployable open-source and open-language computational models, its quantitative impact has been explored only to a limited extent. As a response, the graph-search VISIR (discoVerIng Safe and effIcient Routes) model has been refactored in Python, incorporating novel features. For motor vessels, the angle of attack of waves has been considered, while for sailboats the combined effects of wind and sea currents are now accounted for. The velocity composition with currents has been refined, now encompassing leeway as well. Provided that the performance curve is available, no restrictions are imposed on the vessel type. A cartographic projection has been introduced. The graph edges are quickly screened for coast intersection via a K-dimensional tree. A least-CO2 algorithm in the presence of dynamic graph edge weights has been implemented and validated, proving a quasi-linear computational performance. The software suite's modularity has been significantly improved, alongside a thorough validation against various benchmarks. For the visualisation of the dynamic environmental fields along the route, isochrone-bounded sectors have been introduced. The resulting VISIR-2 model has been employed in numerical experiments within the Mediterranean Sea for the entirety of 2022, utilising meteo-oceanographic analysis fields. For a 125 m long ferry, the percentage saving of overall CO2 expenditure follows a bi-exponential distribution. Routes with a carbon dioxide saving of at least 2 % with respect to the least-distance route were found for prevailing beam or head seas. Two-digit savings, up to 49 %, were possible for about 10 d in a year. In the case of an 11 m sailboat, time savings increased with the extent of path elongation, particularly during upwind sailing. The sailboat's routes were made approximately 2.4 % faster due to optimisation, with the potential for an additional 0.8 % in savings by factoring in currents. VISIR-2 serves as an integrative model, uniting expertise from meteorology, oceanography, ocean engineering, and computer science, to evaluate the influence of ship routing on decarbonisation efforts within the shipping industry.

Investigations of structural, photoluminescence, colorimetric, lifetime, and luminous efficiency of Tb3+ and Sm3+ co-doped calcium tungstate for WLEDs

Structure, photoluminescence, colorimetric, and thermoluminescence analysis of Ca1-x-yTb2x/3Sm2y/3WO4; x = 0.01; y = 0.01–0.05 ceramics are reported in this manuscript. The materials are made by the use of the solid-state method. Reitveld refinements of the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns are done by using the Fullprof Suite software. The obtained results denoted that the synthesized materials have a tetragonal structure and I41/a space group. Energy bandgaps are found in the UV–visible absorbance spectra. Photoluminescence investigations of the phosphors are done. The critical quenching concentrations of the phosphor are found to be x = 0.01; and y = 0.04. Moreover, the critical distance of energy shift with the adjacently presented ions is computed. Dexter’s theory is employed to elucidate that the dipole-dipole electronic interactions are the imperative reasons for the transfer of energy in the phosphor. The white color of emission is achieved for x = 0.01, y = 0.04 Tb, and Sm doped CaWO4 material. Moreover, great values in color purity, correlated color temperature, color rendering index as well as luminous efficiency of radiation are obtained from the CIE Chromaticity coordinates. Quantum yield efficiency of x = 0.01, y = 0.04 Tb & Sm codoped CaWO4 is measured. Photoluminescence decay analysis of all the samples is done to study the long-after glow properties and also the average lifetime values are evaluated. This is an indication of the suitable usage of the prepared materials in the white light-emitting diodes. Concentration as well as dose-dependent Thermoluminescence spectroscopy is investigated thoroughly. Kinetic parameters are calculated by deconvoluting the spectra of x = 0.01; y = 0.01 Tb & Sm codoped CaWO4 irradiated with 15 min of UV excitation dose. These results are denoted by high trap depth, second-order kinetics, and low UV dosimetry of the phosphor.

Piping layout integrated in ship design and stability evaluation

Damage stability assessment in ship design is a well-established area of our trade. However, where originally only a limited number of aspects were involved, gradually more details are included. Notably compartment connections by pipes and ducts etcetera. Combined with a high number of damage cases, in practice this results in a set of computations which is not complex as such, yet complicated by its sheer size. Although in the PIAS ship design software suite quite some dedicated tools are available, those have never been designed to support the requirements from today. In this light the software has been extended with a new system to fully define shape and topology of compartments and their connections. This paper reports on the system design, its application in damage scenarios, and on complications.