Processing Software Package Research Articles

Structures of Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus virions reveal species-specific tegument and envelope features.

Discovered in 1964, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human oncogenic virus and the founding member of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily. In 1994, another cancer-causing virus was discovered in lesions of AIDS patients and later named Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the second human gammaherpesvirus. Despite the historical importance of EBV and KSHV, technical difficulties with isolating large quantities of these viruses and the pleiomorphic nature of their envelope and tegument layers have limited structural characterization of their virions. In this study, we employed the latest technologies in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) and tomography (cryoET) supplemented with an artificial intelligence-powered data processing software package to reconstruct 3D structures of the EBV and KSHV virions. We uncovered unique properties of the envelope glycoproteins and tegument layers of both EBV and KSHV. Comparison of these features with their non-tumorigenic counterparts provides insights into their relevance during infection.

Unoccupied-Aerial-Systems-Based Biophysical Analysis of Montmorency Cherry Orchards: A Comparative Study

With the global population on the rise and arable land diminishing, the need for sustainable and precision agriculture has become increasingly important. This study explores the application of unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) in precision agriculture, specifically focusing on Montmorency cherry orchards in Payson, Utah. Despite the widespread use of UAS for various crops, there is a notable gap in research concerning cherry orchards, which present unique challenges due to their physical structure. UAS data were gathered using an RTK-enabled DJI Mavic 3M, equipped with both RGB and multispectral cameras, to capture high-resolution imagery. This research investigates two primary applications of UAS in cherry orchards: tree height mapping and crop health assessment. We also evaluate the accuracy of tree height measurements derived from three UAS data processing software packages: Pix4D, Drone2Map, and DroneDeploy. Our results indicated that DroneDeploy provided the closest relationship to ground truth data with an R2 of 0.61 and an RMSE of 31.83 cm, while Pix4D showed the lowest accuracy. Furthermore, we examined the efficacy of RGB-based vegetation indices in predicting leaf area index (LAI), a key indicator of crop health, in the absence of more expensive multispectral sensors. Twelve RGB-based indices were tested for their correlation with LAI, with the IKAW index showing the strongest correlation (R = 0.36). However, the overall explanatory power of these indices was limited, with an R2 of 0.135 in the best-fitting model. Despite the promising results for tree height estimation, the correlation between RGB-based indices and LAI was underwhelming, suggesting the need for further research.

Step height measurement of monoatomic silicon crystal lattice steps with a commercial atomic force microscope

Abstract Precise control of advanced materials relies on accurate dimensional metrology at the sub-nanometre scale. At this scale, the accuracy of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been limited by the lack of traceable transfer standard artefacts with calibration structures of suitable dimensions. With the adoption in 2019 of the silicon crystal lattice spacing as a secondary realization of the metre in the International System of Units (SI), SPM users have direct access to a realization of the SI metre at the sub-nanometre level by means of the step height of self-assembled monatomic lattice steps that can form on the surface of silicon crystals. A key challenge of successfully adopting this pathway is establishing the need for established protocols to minimize measurement errors and artifacts in routine laboratory use.
In this study, step height measurements of monoatomic lattice steps in an ordinal/staircase structure on a Si(111) crystal surface have been derived from images acquired with a commercially available, research-level atomic force microscope (AFM). Measurement results derived from AFM images using three different SPM image processing and analysis software packages are compared. Significant sources of measurement uncertainty are identified; principally the contribution from the dependence on scan direction. The calibration of the
AFM derived from this measurment was used to traceably measure the sub-nanometre lattice steps on a silicon carbide crystal surface to demonstrate the viability of this calibration pathway.

A benchmarked comparison of software packages for time-lapse image processing of monolayer bacterial population dynamics.

Time-lapse microscopy provides a detailed window into the world of bacterial behavior. However, the vast amount of data produced by these techniques is difficult to analyze manually. We have analyzed four software tools designed to process such data and compared their performance, using populations of commonly studied bacterial species as our test subjects. Our findings offer a roadmap to scientists, helping them choose the right tool for their research. This comparison bridges a gap between microbiology and computational analysis, streamlining research efforts.

Structures of Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus virions reveal species-specific tegument and envelope features.

Discovered in 1964, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human oncogenic virus and the founding member of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily. In 1994, another cancer-causing virus was discovered in lesions of AIDS patients and later named Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the second human gammaherpesvirus. Despite the historical importance of EBV and KSHV, technical difficulties with isolating large quantities of these viruses and the pleiomorphic nature of their envelope and tegument layers have limited structural characterization of their virions. In this study, we employed the latest technologies in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) and tomography (cryoET) supplemented with an artificial intelligence-powered data processing software package to reconstruct 3D structures of the EBV and KSHV virions. We uncovered unique properties of the envelope glycoproteins and tegument layers of both EBV and KSHV. Comparison of these features with their non-tumorigenic counterparts provides insights into their relevance during infection.

Porównanie komercyjnego i darmowego oprogramowania do przetwarzania chmur punktów

Terrestrial laser scanning technology is becoming increasingly common for automated spatial data acquisition and digitization in the fields of surveying, civil engineering and architecture. The data from measurements made with terrestrial laser scanners are a huge array of points in space, called a point cloud, which describes the captured surface of the object under study. The point cloud processing is performed in specialized software products for handling measurements from laser scanners, which provide different possibilities for manipulating the point cloud and forming different results. The software available on the market differs according to its data processing capabilities and functionalities, application areas, methods used, manufacturer and cost. To be able to perform spatial data processing and analysis correctly and with high quality, it is important to understand the available functionalities of the different software products and their advantages and disadvantages compared to others. A comparison is made for three software packages for point cloud processing - Autodesk ReCap Pro, CloudCompare and Trimble RealWorks. The different functionalities available in the products are described and presented on small building measurements along with their performance accuracy and efficiency. The strengths and weaknesses of the different software products are identified through the comparison performed. The first section describes the basic principles of the terrestrial laser scanning method. In section two, the different point cloud processing software products on the market are presented, together with a description of the different file formats for data exchange and a theoretical section on point cloud registration, filtering, and modelling. The third section contains a presentation of the main functions and processing capabilities in Autodesk ReCap Pro, CloudCompare and Trimble RealWorks software. The fourth section describes the data used for the study, the measurements performed, their processing and results in the three software, together with an assessment of accuracy by control measurements. Section five contains conclusions and implications.

A real-time signal processing software package for the electrophysiology laboratory.

Real-time signal processing has to date been difficult to implement in the clinical electrophysiology laboratory. To date, no open access software solutions are available in electrophysiology (EP) laboratories to facilitate real-time intraprocedural signal analysis. We aimed to develop an open access, scalable Python plug-in to allow real-time signal processing during human EP procedures. A Python-based plug in for the widely available EnsiteX mapping system was developed. This plug-in utilized the LiveSync feature of the system to allow real-time signal analysis. An open access library was developed to allow end-users to implement real-time signal analysis using this platform, implemented in the Python programming language https://github.com/anand9176/WaveWatch5000Public. We have developed and demonstrated the feasibility of a readily scalable and open-access Python-based plug in to an electroanatomic mapping system (EnSiteX) to allow real-time processing and display of electrogram (EGM) based information for the procedural electrophysiologist to view intraprocedurally in the electrophysiology laboratory. The availability, to the clinician, of traditional and novel EGM-based metrics at the time of intervention, such as atrial fibrillation ablation, allows for key mechanistic insights into critical unresolved questions regarding arrhythmia mechanism.

On the Use of the Fricke-Pluronic F-127 Gel Dosimeter for Radiation Isocenter Testing of a Medical Linear Accelerator.

This work presents a Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 2D radiochromic dosimeter with a flat-bed scanner for 2D reading and a dedicated data processing software package as a tool for performing coincidence testing of the radiation and mechanical isocenter of a medical accelerator. The optimal irradiation parameters were determined as follows: monitor units per beam and multi-leaf collimator gap, which are ≤750-≤2500 MU and 2-5 mm, respectively, for a cuboidal container with dimensions of 12 × 12 × 0.3 cm3. Despite the diffusion of Fe3+ ions occurring during irradiation, 2D reading can be performed at least 3 h after irradiation, without affecting the calculation performance of the coincidence test. The test was successfully performed for various irradiation settings. Overall, the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 dosimeter has proven to be a potential tool for the coincidence testing of medical accelerators.

VPBrowse: Genome-based representation of MS/MS spectra to quantify 10,000 bovine proteins.

SWATH is a data acquisition strategy acclaimed for generating quantitatively accurate and consistent measurements of proteins across multiple samples. Its utility for proteomics studies in nonlaboratory animals, however, is currently compromised by the lack of sufficiently comprehensive and reliable public libraries, either experimental or predicted, and relevant platforms that support their sharing and utilization in an intuitive manner. Here we describe the development of the Veterinary Proteome Browser, VPBrowse (http://browser.proteo.cloud/), an on-line platform for genome-based representation of the Bos taurus proteome, which is equipped with an interactive database and tools for searching, visualization, and building quantitative mass spectrometry assays. In its current version (VPBrowse 1.0), it contains high-quality fragmentation spectra acquired on QToF instrument for over 36,000 proteotypic peptides, the experimental evidence for over 10,000 proteins. Data can be downloaded in different formats to enable analysis using popular software packages for SWATH data processing whilst normalization to iRT scale ensures compatibility with diverse chromatography systems. When applied to published blood plasma dataset from the biomarker discovery study, the resource supported label-free quantification of additional proteins not reported by the authors previously including PSMA4, a tissue leakage protein and a promising candidate biomarker of animal's response to dehorning-related injury.

Planetary orbital mapping and mosaicking (POMM) integrated open source software environment

Several Open Source planetary orbital mapping and utility image processing software packages, including, VICAR, AFIDS, ISIS, GDAL, and GeoTIFF, have been integrated into a single software environment (POMM), where package programs can be run independently from a Linux command line, or combined in synergistic scripts that facilitate advanced trans-package applications. Several integrated scripts have been prepared to simplify some of the more difficult database building tasks such as (1) image co-registration (for stacking and time series analysis), (2) mosaicking (for regional analysis), and (3) map-projection of raw Planetary Data System (PDS) images for selected Mars and Luna sensor systems. A user interface/GUI is provided for the three planetary applications, but the underlying scripts can also be modified by an advanced user and run at the command-line. POMM is Open Source software available in “docker” container and “Yum-Install” versions that support cross-platform installation on Windows, Apple, and Linux products using available desktop applications and/or virtual containers. However, installation on systems requiring emulation can be slow, and the installation process can be challenging.

A Preliminary Snapshot Investigation of the Marine Soundscape for Malta: A Steppingstone towards Achieving ‘Good Ecological Status’

The ever-accelerating rate of research focusing on the issue of underwater noise pollution, particularly concerning low-frequency, continuous noise, has steadily been unveiling the myriad of detrimental ecological implications caused to marine life. Despite this, many European Member States, such as Malta, still lack solid monitoring and regulatory frameworks aimed at characterising and improving the state of the marine acoustic environment and achieving ‘Good Ecological Status’ in accordance with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. This shortcoming is directly reflected in the complete absence of baseline information covering the quality of the national soundscape. This paper aims to serve as a preliminary investigation into continuous underwater noise generation within Maltese waters, focusing on two sites characterised by heavy marine activity: Ċirkewwa and the Grand Harbour. Digital signal processing software packages (dBWav version 1.3.4) were used to extract and analyse sound pressure levels from in situ recorded audio files. Further statistical analysis was also carried out so as to evaluate the resultant snapshot of the baseline marine soundscapes at both sites. Furthermore, AIS data were used to tentatively identify the identifiable sources of underwater noise pollution. Given the current information lacuna revolving around the issue of underwater noise pollution in Malta, this paper may serve as a pilot study, with the aim of bridging this knowledge gap and forming the basis of future national research for Maltese marine conservation.

Precise orbit determination of Spire nano satellites

Spire Global, Inc. operates a growing fleet of currently more than 100 CubeSats in different low Earth orbits for commercial Earth observation. These satellites are equipped with dual-frequency GPS receivers and an attitude determination and control system, allowing for precise orbit determination. For three different satellites and a time span of six months we analyze the performance and quality of the on-board collected GPS and attitude data and employ it for precise orbit determination using the Bernese GNSS Software and Napeos, two independent state-of-the-art GNSS processing software packages. We describe technical details crucial for POD and present and compare the in-flight calibrated phase center variation maps. Reduced-dynamic and kinematic orbits are then inter-compared between the two software packages as well as to the orbit solutions produced by Spire Global. We report pseudo-range and carrier phase residuals at the level of 3–4 m and 8–9 mm RMS and a good agreement between the reduced-dynamic and kinematic orbits of around 5 cm 3D RMS. The reduced-dynamic orbit positions and velocities produced with the two employed software packages agree in average on the level of 6–7 cm and 0.05–0.07 mm/s 3D RMS, while the comparison to the orbits produced by Spire Global is markedly worse with 27–30 cm and 0.32–0.36 mm/s 3D RMS. The presented results are an encouraging first step towards using GPS data from the Spire constellation for geodetic, geophysical and ionospheric applications.

KairoSight-3.0: A validated optical mapping software to characterize cardiac electrophysiology, excitation-contraction coupling, and alternans.

Cardiac optical mapping is an imaging technique that measures fluorescent signals across a cardiac preparation. Dual optical imaging of voltage-sensitive and calcium-sensitive probes allows for simultaneous recordings of cardiac action potentials and intracellular calcium transients with high spatiotemporal resolution. The analysis of these complex optical datasets is both time intensive and technically challenging; as such, we have developed a software package for semi-automated image processing and analysis. Herein, we report an updated version of our software package (KairoSight-3.0) with features to enhance the characterization of cardiac parameters using optical signals. To test software validity and applicability, we used Langendorff-perfused heart preparations to record transmembrane voltage and intracellular calcium signals from the epicardial surface. Isolated hearts from guinea pigs and rats were loaded with a potentiometric dye (RH237) and/or calcium indicator dye (Rhod-2AM) and fluorescent signals were acquired. We used Python 3.8.5 programming language to develop the KairoSight-3.0 software. Cardiac maps were validated with a user-specified manual mapping approach. Manual maps of action potential duration (30 or 80 % repolarization), calcium transient duration (30 or 80 % reuptake), action potential and calcium transient alternans were constituted to validate the accuracy of software-generated maps. Manual and software maps had high accuracy, with >97 % of manual and software values falling within 10 ms of each other and >75 % within 5 ms for action potential duration and calcium transient duration measurements (n = 1000-2000 pixels). Further, our software package includes additional measurement tools to analyze signal-to-noise ratio, conduction velocity, action potential and calcium transient alternans, and action potential-calcium transient coupling time to produce physiologically meaningful optical maps. KairoSight-3.0 has enhanced capabilities to perform measurements of cardiac electrophysiology, calcium handling, alternans, and the excitation-contraction coupling with satisfactory accuracy.

Effects of 7September 5–12, 2017 solar flares on regional disturbance of Earth’s ionosphere as recorded by GNSS stations located in the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation

The paper presents the results of estimation of the effects of September 5–12, 2017 solar flares on the regional disturbance of Earth's ionosphere according to data from a distributed network of GNSS stations located mostly in the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation. The GNSS data processing software package we have developed is used to analyze recorded signal power and daily two-frequency phase measurements, as well as to calculate the total electron content and map the data. The results of the study show that during powerful solar flares X2.2 and X9.3 on September 6 the median value of the total electron content, calculated for the Volga Federal District, increased up to 0.25 TECU and 0.6 TECU respectively. At that time, the region of interest (40°–55° E) was sunlit. The prolonged magnetic storms on September 8 also generated noticeable ionospheric disturbances up to 0.2 TECU. At the same time, neither the solar flares nor the magnetic storms had a significant effect on the power characteristics of the recorded signals from navigation satellites in the region under study. The median carrier-to-noise ratio calculated for the region considered over the entire observation period did not differ from the values recorded under undisturbed ionospheric conditions and varied between 47–53 dBHz and 38–49 dBHz for frequencies L1 and L2 respectively.

Влияние солнечных вспышек 5-12 сентября 2017 г. на региональную возмущенность ионосферы Земли по данным ГНСС-станций, расположенных в Приволжском федеральном округе Российской Федерации

The paper presents the results of estimation of the effects of September 5–12, 2017 solar flares on the regional disturbance of Earth's ionosphere according to data from a distributed network of GNSS stations located mostly in the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation. The GNSS data processing software package we have developed is used to analyze recorded signal power and daily two-frequency phase measurements, as well as to calculate the total electron content and map the data. The results of the study show that during powerful solar flares X2.2 and X9.3 on September 6 the median value of the total electron content, calculated for the Volga Federal District, increased up to 0.25 TECU and 0.6 TECU respectively. At that time, the region of interest (40°–55° E) was sunlit. The prolonged magnetic storms on September 8 also generated noticeable ionospheric disturbances up to 0.2 TECU. At the same time, neither the solar flares nor the magnetic storms had a significant effect on the power characteristics of the recorded signals from navigation satellites in the region under study. The median carrier-to-noise ratio calculated for the region considered over the entire observation period did not differ from the values recorded under undisturbed ionospheric conditions and varied between 47–53 dBHz and 38–49 dBHz for frequencies L1 and L2 respectively.

Estimation of tropospheric parameters with GNSS smartphones in a differential approach

With the introduction of the operating system Android 7 Nougat in the year 2016, it became possible to access Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) code and carrier phase observations. These observations can be processed with the state-of-the-art GNSS processing software packages, which allows an in-depth evaluation of the smartphone’s GNSS performance. The availability of carrier phase observations enables sub-decimeter-level positioning. A few years ago, smartphones wearing dual-frequency GNSS chipsets hit the mass market. In this study, we investigate the capability of such a device for the estimation of tropospheric delays. Static measurements carried out over the period of two weeks are performed using a Google Pixel 4 XL smartphone. The measurements are processed using relative positioning methods with a baseline length of about 33 kilometers, where a continuously operating reference station (CORS) acts as a base. The estimated differential zenith tropospheric wet delay (dZWD), obtained for the smartphone are then combined with absolute values computed at the reference station, in order to obtain time series of Zenith Total Delay (ZTD). Using this method, we demonstrate that high-precision ZTDs can be successfully determined from smartphone GNSS observations. When comparing the estimated tropospheric delays with those determined at a nearby geodetic receiver to assess the accuracy of the acquired time series of ZTD, differences in the range of few millimeters to a centimeter are visible. We examine the impact of various error sources, such as antenna phase center variations and residual effects of the ionosphere. Given that the obtained accuracies are at the level of a centimeter and below, the suggested method shows the potential to resolve small-scale tropospheric structures in near real-time, and thus, could be an interesting data source for numerical weather prediction models or related GNSS crowdsourcing projects.

Impact of Motion Correction tools on reliability and agreement of three software packages for dynamic- perfusion PET/CT processing

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of Groningen/University Medical Centre Groningen. Background PET/CT plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with CAD. It allows for non-invasive assessment of coronary function, by means of software based estimations of regional and global myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR). However, measurements can differ between software vendors. Also, motion artifacts can impact their reliability. Literature stands that motion can lead to differences up to 500%. In-software motion correction (ISMC) tools are available in some processing software packages, however they rely on different algorithms and their specific role is yet unknown. Recently, an innovative data driven motion correction (DDMC) algorithm was developed, that specifically tracks and corrects for motion prior the reconstruction process. This opens up the possibility of an standardized MC technique. Purpose This study aims to determine the impact of ISMC and DDMC on the reproducibility and agreement of MBF/CFR values between three software packages for dynamic PET processing. It was hypothesized that the use of MC techniques improves agreement/reproducibility in these parameters between vendors. Methods Twenty-three patients categorized as normal after a 13N-ammonia PET/CT examination acquired between July-December 2020 were retrospectively included. Inclusion criteria: no history of CAD, no perfusion defects, normal LV-function and no MACEs and/or relapse at follow up. These criteria were used to prevent possible interference to MBF/CFR values by concomitant CAD. Reconstructions were made without motion correction (NMC), with ISMC and with DDMC. These reconstructions were analyzed in three different software: Corridor 4DM [4DM], Cedars-Sinai QPET [QPET], and SyngoMBF [Syngo]. Clinical data, as well as regional and global values of MBF in rest and stress and CFR were acquired for the final analysis. Paired T-tests, Bland Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Results Study population consisted of 15(65%) woman, all patients >60 yo, and 21(91%) of adenosine stress (9% regadenoson). The impact of the MC techniques varied between technique, software and region. Differences ranged from −0.12 (QPET DDMC in RCA stress-MBF) to +0.81 (Syngo ISMC in RCA CFR) ml/g/min. QPET proved to be more sensitive to MC, as significant changes in all regional and global stress-MBF and CFR were detected after applying any MC technique (p<0.001). Bland-Altman plots showed heterogeneous results after the use of MC, with some territories improving the Bias and LoA but the opposite in others. Finally, absolute agrement by ICC was predominantly better when using DDMC compared to NMC and ISMC. Only DDMC achieved an ICC >0.9 (excellent) in the RCA CFR. Conclusions The use of DDMC improves the reliability of regional and global stress MBF and CFR in all packages when compared to the use of ISMC or NMC, however, the impact of DDMC is heterogeneous between the packages.

Novel tools for neuronal activity, vessel diameter and red blood cell velocity imaging

Healthy brain function requires a delicate balance between neural activity and local vascular dynamics. Perturbations to this balance, such as vessel diameter changes or fluctuations in red blood cell velocity, are thought to underlie a number of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases, including migraine, stroke, and epilepsy. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate high fidelity simultaneous acquisition of vascular and neural circuit dynamics in freely-moving animals using our newly developed nVue dual color miniscope. Our system enables simultaneous imaging of blood flow and neural activity in both superficial and deep-brain structures in awake, behaving rodents. By multiplexing two LEDs at up to 100hz, the nVue enables direct, real-time visualization of both hemodynamics and calcium activity in two channels. Additionally, we have augmented the Inscopix Data Processing Software package to capture time-varying estimates of vessel diameter and red blood cell (RBC) velocity in specific vessels. Vessel diameter is estimated as the full-width half maximum of a Lorentzian function fit to vessel cross-section, while RBC velocity is calculated based on time-lagged correlations between seed-pixels within individual regions of interest and all immediately neighboring pixels. Distances between correlation peaks are then plotted against time. Manual annotation of blood flow data was performed to establish a ground truth against which to validate the algorithm. The nVue blood flow imaging application offers a powerful, turn-key, multisystem workflow for simultaneously interrogating hemodynamics and neural circuit function in freely behaving animals which will profoundly expand the neurovascular coupling toolkit not only for basic and translational research but also for the development of novel preclinical therapeutics. Commercial This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Исследование параметров воздуха при сушке крупноблочных металлических конструкций в сушильной камере тентового типа

One of the stages in the manufacture of large-block metal structures is their coloring followed by drying. A feature of this process is the need to maintain a temperature determined by the characteristics of the paint, which is difficult at low ambient temperatures. The solution of the problem is the use of a tent-type mobile drying chamber at the stage of drying the painted part at the place of its assembly. At the same time, the drying process can be controlled by changing the location of the fan heater and exhaust ventilation, changing the performance of the heater fan and the temperature of the supplied air. The solution of this technological problem is the goal of the study. The study uses the methods of numerical modeling and experimental studies. As a modeling tool, the SOLIDWORKS software package and office packages for statistical data processing have been used. It is found out that the distribution of temperatures in the shelter depends on the thermal resistance of the walls of the drying chamber, the main characteristic of the heater fan, the dimensions of the chamber and the painted module, the gaps between the walls, the ambient temperature and the air coming from the heater, the fan parameters, the fan placement methods and draft ventilation. The calculation considers the aerodynamic resistance of the drying chamber with the part placed in it, the influence of free convection, heat loss and features of air distribution inside the shelter. Based on the results obtained, the authors proposed a calculation method that allows determining the temperature decrease inside the chamber relative to the temperature of the air coming from the heater. To automate the calculation results, a program has been developed to determine the parameters of air after heating with a fan heater. The results obtained makes it possible to solve an important practical problem of ensuring high quality of painting works in a tent-type shelters under various climatic conditions, including negative ambient temperatures due to a reliable forecast of the uneven temperature field in the painting chamber. The developed technique is designed for the rapid selection of heaters, including the supply of a fan, the power of the heating element, and the air temperature at the outlet of the heater depending on the ambient temperature, the permissible range of temperature changes of the paint, the geometric parameters of the tent shelter and the painted product. The scientific value of the study is the results of the study of mixed convection in the tent shelter, the revealed essential regularities of the process and the obtained criterion equation to calculate the temperature range of the paint coating of the product in the chamber. The obtained results have determined the ways to further increase of energy efficiency and to improve the design of tent shelters.

Open-sourced Raman spectroscopy data processing package implementing a baseline removal algorithm validated from multiple datasets acquired in human tissue and biofluids.

Standardized data processing approaches are required in the field of bio-Raman spectroscopy to ensure information associated with spectral data acquired by different research groups, and with different systems, can be compared on an equal footing. An open-sourced data processing software package was developed, implementing algorithms associated with all steps required to isolate the inelastic scattering component from signals acquired using Raman spectroscopy devices. The package includes a novel morphological baseline removal technique (BubbleFill) that provides increased adaptability to complex baseline shapes compared to current gold standard techniques. Also incorporated in the package is a versatile tool simulating spectroscopic data with varying levels of Raman signal-to-background ratios, baselines with different morphologies, and varying levels of stochastic noise. Application of the BubbleFill technique to simulated data demonstrated superior baseline removal performance compared to standard algorithms, including iModPoly and MorphBR. The data processing workflow of the open-sourced package was validated in four independent in-human datasets, demonstrating it leads to inter-systems data compatibility. A new open-sourced spectroscopic data pre-processing package was validated on simulated and real-world in-human data and is now available to researchers and clinicians for the development of new clinical applications using Raman spectroscopy.