Qualitative Data Analysis Software Research Articles

Canadian Dental Patients with a Single-Unit Implant-Supported Restoration in the Aesthetic Region of the Mouth: Qualitative and Quantitative Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)

This article contains quantitative and qualitative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected from nine dental patients, with a single-implant in the maxillary anterior region of the mouth, recruited after obtaining consent documents. The quantitative data were obtained from participants’ demographics, frontal extraoral digital photographs, intraoral scans (IOS) of the maxillary arch, and self-administered questionnaires (where patients judged the overall, appearance, function, and comfort of their single-implant-supported crowns). Objective single-implant aesthetic index mean scores (Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score [PES/WES]) were obtained after two experienced calibrated clinicians analyzed the photographs and the three-dimensional models generated from the IOS. The self-administered questionnaires used a visual analogue scale (VAS) to obtain the patients’ subjective perceptions. The qualitative data were obtained from in-depth, semi-structured one-to-one interviews. The transcriptions from audio-recorded interview data were managed and coded, with the aid of a Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS). These data were stored in a public repository that can be easily downloaded from a Mendeley data repository (DOI: 10.17632/sv8t6tkvjv.1).

P–508 The relational self in fertility decision-making: Chinese lesbians exploring donor conception and biological ties

Abstract Study question How does the cultural importance attached to biological family ties shape Chinese lesbians’ decision-making processes regarding whether and how to have children? Summary answer The cultural significance of biological ties shapes Chinese lesbians’ fertility decisions, including those regarding conception methods, who will get pregnant, and whose sperm to use. What is known already Previous research has shown that normative expectations towards opposite-sex marriage and biological parenthood impose significant psychological burden on lesbians in China, where same-sex couples are not entitled to the rights to partnership/marriage, assisted reproductive technology (ART), and parenthood. Despite the legal barriers, online discussions on same-sex parenthood and commercial consultation services targeted at same-sex couples who want to travel overseas to use ART have emerged in recent years. While more lesbians have become parents of donor conceived children in Western developed countries, little is known about Chinese lesbians’ reproductive experiences in the context of increasing reproductive transactions that transgress borders. Study design, size, duration In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 Chinese lesbians between July 2017 and June 2018 in Beijing, China. To better understand the context and social and clinical implications of global ART services for Chinese society, I also carried out participant observation by attending informal gatherings organised by the local lesbian community and public events targeted at (same-sex) individuals and couples who want to travel overseas to use ART and producing fieldnotes after the events. Participants/materials, setting, methods Participants were aged between 25 to 45. The majority were in their thirties. Each interview took around 2 hours and was audio-recorded and transcribed. The interview guide covered questions about their family beliefs, views on and/or experiences of donor conception, and perceived and actual difficulties in pursuing motherhood. With the assistance of NVivo (a qualitative data analysis software), I carried out thematic analysis of the interviews and fieldnotes to identify common patterns across the dataset. Main results and the role of chance Participants shared a belief that being biologically connected with their (prospective) children was, to varying extents, important to their families. They were at different stages of fertility decision-making, ranging from achieved motherhood (8 participants), actively planning to pursue motherhood (9), hesitation in taking action (11), and a lack of interest in or hope of becoming a mother (7). Almost all participants expressed that they did not prefer adoption and that they were reluctant to involve known sperm donors, who were considered a threat to their parental status. Rather, they were inclined to seek ART overseas in order to create their desired biological ties in a clinical setting. Issues including donor screening, desire for family resemblances, the status of biological and social mothers, and plans to purchase sperms from the same donor to conceive “siblings” were discussed in the interviews. It is evident that when deciding on whether to have a child and how to involve any third parties, participants tended to embrace the relational self and carefully balance individuals desires with familial and social expectations. The felt need to legitimise their relationships with donor conceived children imposes psychological burden on lesbian intended parents and discourages many from pursuing motherhood. Limitations, reasons for caution The findings of this qualitative study are not intended to be generalised to the whole lesbian population in China. Given the hidden nature of this population, my research, despite its small sample size, represents a significant step forward and calls for more quantitative and qualitative studies on lesbians’ fertility health. Wider implications of the findings: This study shows that lesbians’ journeys to donor conception require not only medical and legal support but also psychosocial care that attends to one’s perceived importance of biological ties and family beliefs. It sensitises healthcare professionals to the specific fertility-related psychosocial needs and concerns among lesbians in a family-centred context. Trial registration number Not applicable

Stage IV gynecologic cancers patients who subsequently died from disease: lessons learned from their health care journey

Objectives: Since most gynecologic cancers are diagnosed without routine screening, many women present with advanced stage disease. We propose to study the experiences in diagnosis, treatment, and end of life care of those with advanced cancers who died shortly after diagnosis. Methods: Data were obtained from electronic health records of patients diagnosed from 2012 to 2018 in a multispecialty practice in Northern California. All progress notes from ambulatory, hospital, clinic, and telephone encounters were reviewed. A codebook was created using deductive and inductive approaches. Atlas.ti qualitative data analysis software was used for analyses. Results: 4,969 encounter notes were reviewed from 32 patients (median age: 61 years, range: 39-89) with stage IV gynecologic cancers who died shortly after diagnosis. Whites, Hispanic, Asian, Others/unknown comprised 47%, 22%, 19%, and 12% of the sample, respectively. Nine had ovarian, 17 uterine, 3 cervical, and 3 vulvovaginal/other stage IV cancers. The median time from diagnosis to death was 9.2 months (range: 2.9-47.5), from diagnosis to palliative care referral was 6 months (range: 0-25.5), and from palliative care referral to death was 2.36 months (range: 0.5-46.5). 50% were seen by an outpatient palliative care team and 56% received hospice care prior to death. The mean number of notes per patient was 155 (range: 14-330). 443 were associated with oncology office visits (mean: 13.8 per patient; range: 1-44). Qualitative analyses of encounter notes revealed that most patients had nonspecific symptoms with a long interval from symptom onset to cancer diagnosis, requiring numerous visits to primary care, specialty providers, emergency admissions, and finally oncologists. From the progress notes, it was often unclear if the prognosis was discussed with patients and their families, or if it was only communicated to other providers reviewing the charts. Based on analyses of patients attitudes, we found that a combination of patient age, beliefs, family support system, emotional wellbeing, and ability to communicate influenced readiness to discuss goals of care and to begin hospice care. Among these 32 women, 7 died in hospital, 18 at home, and 7 were unknown. Those who died in the hospital were younger (mean age: 57.7 vs 63.1) and more likely to be Hispanic vs White, Asian, or others (43% vs 13% vs 17%, or 25% respectively). Conclusions: Metastatic gynecologic cancer is challenging to diagnose and often results in a complex and prolonged workup. Only half of our studied patients used palliative care and it often came late in their illness. Age and ethnicity may be related to location of death and hospice use. The implementation of earlier palliative care and discussions of goals of care for these terminally ill patients should be emphasized.

The exclusion of migrants and refugees from welfare programs in Austria: the “legitimizing explanations” across different policy areas

PurposeThe present article deals with the topic of migrants’ exclusion from welfare benefits in European host countries from the angle of the research on the so-called “welfare chauvinism” (Andersen and Bjørklund 1990, p. 212). More specifically, it explores the political justifications behind welfare chauvinism in the policy debate surrounding some recent chauvinist-oriented social policies. Drawing on that, the article develops a theoretical argument to generate expectations about how politicians use different types of justifications. The fundamental proposition is that the chauvinistic arguments used are shaped by the different types of social programs, i.e. either universal or means-tested programs.Design/methodology/approachQualitative content analysis of several selected parliamentary debates in the period 2017–2019 in Austria is carried out. In order to improve the efficiency of the research, the author relies on MAXQDA, an advanced piece of software for qualitative data analysis, to code the qualitative data and analyze them. The author prefers this to other similar programs as it is considered a valid and reliable tool within the academic research world.FindingsThe article points out that programs design works as an explanatory factor to highlight variations of welfare chauvinist arguments.Originality/valueIt develops for the first time a theoretical argument explaining the presence and variation of welfare chauvinist arguments based on social programs design.

Using Social Media as Tools of Health Protocol Campaign in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The entry of Covid-19 in Indonesia prompted the Indonesian government to make policies to tackle the virus's spread. The approach adopted by the Indonesian government is large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). The problem is that there are still violations of health protocols that have created a new Covid-19 cluster amid society. Therefore, this study aims to find out more about the use of social media for health protocol campaigns in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study uses Q-DAS (Qualitative Data Analysis Software) with Nvivo 12 plus for data analysis. This study uses three different analyzes, chart analysis, cluster analysis, and word cloud analysis. This study uses trending hashtags on Twitter social media relevant to the health protocol campaign in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study are first, Twitter social media is one of the places to campaign for health protocols in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. Second, the "physical distancing" health protocol campaign is dominant in #SocialDistancing, "using a mask" is prevalent in #jagajarak, and "handwashing" is often used in #lawancovid19 and #jagajarak. Third, several hashtags used in social media Twitter about health protocols are interconnected, but the most powerful are #pakaimasker with #jagajarak. Fourth, the word that is most popular and which is often discussed concerning health protocols on Twitter is #SocialDistancing.

Experience of nutritional counselling in a nutritional programme in HIV care in the Tigray region of Ethiopia using the socio-ecological model

BackgroundIn many resource-poor settings, nutritional counselling is one of the key components of nutrition support programmes aiming to improve nutritional and health outcomes amongst people living with HIV. Counselling methods, contents and recommendations that are culturally appropriate, locally tailored and economically affordable are essential to ensure desired health and nutritional outcomes are achieved. However, there is little evidence showing the effectiveness of counselling in nutritional programmes in HIV care, and the extent to which counselling policies and guidelines are translated into practice and utilised by people with HIV suffering from undernutrition. This study aimed to explore these gaps in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.Methods and participantsA qualitative study was conducted in Tigray region Ethiopia between May and August 2016. Forty-eight individual interviews were conducted with 20 undernourished adults living with HIV and 15 caregivers of children living with HIV enrolled in a nutritional programme in three hospitals, as well as 11 health providers, and 2 programme managers. Data analysis was undertaken using the Framework approach and guided by the socio-ecological model. Qualitative data analysis software (QSR NVivo 11) was used to assist data analysis. The study findings are presented using the consolidated criteria for the reporting of qualitative research (COREQ).ResultThe study highlighted that nutritional counselling as a key element of the nutritional programme in HIV care varied in scope, content, and length. Whilst the findings clearly demonstrated the acceptability of the nutritional counselling for participants, a range of challenges hindered the application of counselling recommendations in participants’ everyday lives. Identified challenges included the lack of comprehensiveness of the counselling in terms of providing advice about the nutritional support and dietary practice, participants’ poor understanding of multiple issues related to nutrition counselling and the nutrition programme, lack of consistency in the content, duration and mode of delivery of nutritional counselling, inadequate refresher training for providers and the absence of socioeconomic considerations in nutritional programme planning and implementation. Evidence from this study suggests that counselling in nutritional programmes in HIV care was not adequately structured and lacked a holistic and comprehensive approach.ConclusionNutritional counselling provided to people living with HIV lacks comprehensiveness, consistency and varies in scope, content and duration. To achieve programme goal of improved nutritional status, counselling guidelines and practices should be structured in a way that takes a holistic view of patient’s life and considers cultural and socioeconomic situations. Additionally, capacity development of nutritional counsellors and health providers is highly recommended to ensure counselling provides assistance to improve the nutritional well-being of people living with HIV.

Older Adults’ Perceptions toward Walking: A Qualitative Study Using a Social-Ecological Model

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate older adults’ perceptions of their walking experiences, using the social-ecological model as a guiding framework and to propose future walking intervention content. Methods: Thirty-eight participants (19 women; 47% from private elderly centers; mean age = 72.8 (SD = 7.4 years) took part in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis software QSR-NVivo was used for thematic coding. Results: Thematic deductive analysis revealed pertinent themes at the individual level (health benefits and barriers, fall risk, perseverance, and walking as a suitable activity for older adults), social environment level (social support and social interaction), physical environment level (density, land-use mix, and connectivity; perceived safety, pedestrian facilities (benches, quality of walking paths and sidewalks, and aesthetics), other pedestrian behaviors, and weather, and policy level (lack of walking programs in the community, and supportive culture for an active lifestyle). Discussion: Our findings provide insights for the planning of future multilevel walking intervention programs for older adults in Hong Kong. It is suggested that future walking intervention should include professionals (e.g., physiotherapist or coach) in a group setting, practical walking recommendations such as proper walking posture, and additional fun activities for older adults.

Innovation Management to Sustain Competitive Advantage: A Qualitative Multi-Case Study

The significance of innovative capabilities and new product development (NPD) in marketing and business strategy innovation has been recognised by researchers and management. Researchers and practitioners have explored and evaluated the organisational capabilities and knowledge management, too. This current paper, however, represents inadequacy of connection between organisational capabilities, innovative capabilities, new product development and integrated shared knowledge. Furthermore, there is insufficient knowledge and data on the effect and the involvement of organisational capabilities and integrated shared knowledge to company's success, performance, and sustainability. This paper aimed at determining whether there is a connection between organisational capabilities, innovative capabilities, new product development and integrated shared knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and explore how organisational capabilities and shared knowledge impact and contribute to innovative capabilities, new product development and innovative management. This paper has empolyed a qualitative multiple-site case study through conducting one-on-one (personal) interviews as well as conducting in-depth interviews with key decision makers from innovative and technology companies located in Texas State in the USA. This paper attempts to answer the following key research question, namely: How do organisational capabilities and shared knowledge that influence innovative capability and new product development contribute to the company’s performance, success, and sustainability? NVivo 11 Qualitative Data Analysis Software was used to import and analyse the respondent interviews. The software (NVivo 11) was also used to determine the study findings through theme analysis. The paper key finding is that organisational capabilities and shared knowledge are linked and crucial for the success of innovative capabilities and new product development. A set of recommendations for future researchers is proposed.

Salient stakeholders: Using the salience stakeholder model to assess stakeholders’ influence in healthcare priority setting

Stakeholders play an important role in health priority setting, and their roles have been discussed in the literature, mainly in relationship to their power. An emerging body of literature is focusing on the legitimacy of the stakeholders. Using the case of the Uganda health system, the overall aim of this paper is to assess the utility of the salience stakeholder analysis framework in identifying the most salient stakeholders in health-care priority setting. MethodsThis was a qualitative case study involving 57 key informant interviews with national and district level policy makers and a review of policy documents. Interview data were analyzed using QSR NVivo10 qualitative data analysis software. Analysis was guided by the salience stakeholder analysis framework. FindingsAmong the eight groups of stakeholders identified by the respondents, the politicians were found to be the most salient stakeholders. However, stakeholders’ salience varied depending on the type of decision, the nature of health issue and how and who tabled the health issue. ConclusionThe salience stakeholder analysis framework, originating from the business management and political science disciplines, provided a more comprehensive stakeholder analysis by supporting the concurrent consideration of power, legitimacy and urgency in stakeholder analysis for health care priority setting.

The Influence of Scent Marketing on Consumers' Approach and Avoidance Behaviour in the High-End Fashion Industry

Existing literature falls short in that it fails to directly recognise the potential that lies within scent marketing and its influence on consumers’ behaviour, especially in high-end fashion stores. The study aimed to explore the influence of scent marketing on consumers’ approach and avoidance behaviour in the high-end fashion industry. The study was qualitative in nature and followed an exploratory research design. A non-probability snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data was collected by means of three focus group sessions. The collected data was analysed by using the Morse and Field approach, and by making use of ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. SPSS software was also used to analyse the demographic results. The results indicate that consumers’ response stimuli often depend on emotional stimuli they experience, which will lead to an approach or avoidance response. Scent marketing can boost approach behaviour, if implemented correctly. Based on the results, it is recommended that retail stores, more specifically high-end fashion stores, should make use of scent marketing to attract consumers to the store, keep them browsing for longer periods, enhance purchases and make them feel comfortable. Scent can have a positive influence on consumer’s evaluations, reactions and the intention to visit and revisit a store. This can result in consumers spending more time and money in the store. Furthermore, if scent marketing is implemented correctly, it could also boost brand identity and create a competitive advantage for that specific store. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software, Phenomenology, and Colaizzi's Method.

Technology is widely used to support qualitative research. Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) encompasses complementary technologies to support qualitative analysis. Advantages of CAQDAS include efficient management of data and transparency in analysis. Disadvantages include heavy emphasis on coding as a distractor from analysis and considerable time to learn the program. In this methods article, we, as less experienced, qualitative researchers describe our experiences using NVivo, a CAQDAS program, in a descriptive phenomenological study using Colaizzi's method. Over 1 year, 24 postpartum women were given a secure research link to record their experiences with pain and depression during the third trimester of pregnancy. Although NVivo analysis was helpful, the philosophy of phenomenology, reflexivity, and Colaizzi's method directed researchers away from NVivo for the final summation. Recommendations for future use of CAQDAS used concurrently with Colaizzi's method include the use of word clouds and other visualizations for bracketing and triangulation.

Navigating the Gap: Children’s Experiences of Home and School Life Following Maternal Death

This article is the second reporting on the findings from a study of the experiences of families following the death of a parent. Four Danish families consisting of four fathers and seven children were interviewed about their experiences following the death of the mother in the family. The results presented here focus on the experiences of the children. Using thematic analysis assisted by the qualitative data analysis software NVivo 12 Pro, two overall themes were found, “Life in the Home” and “Life Outside the Home.” The children experienced a clear dichotomy between the two lifeworlds post-loss and found it difficult navigating between the two. The recommendations offered for an improvement of the care for bereaved children are based on the children’s own advice.

Daily experiences and strategies for psychological survival during the 2014 assaults in Gaza: a retrospective analysis of chronological diaries

BackgroundPublic health research suggests that multiple factors contribute to the mental health sequalae of political violence, but the daily experiences and ongoing strategies of psychological survival during active warfare are not clearly understood. We analysed retrospective chronological diaries from Palestinian women in Gaza, occupied Palestinian territory, to explore their lives during Operation Protective Edge in 2014, when a series of aerial bombardments killed over 2000 Palestinians and left around 500 000 displaced from their homes. Methods20 Palestinian female teachers in Gaza were recruited via an intervention for trauma recovery 1 month after the end of Operation Protective Edge, in September, 2014. Following the experience sampling method, women were asked to chronicle specific memories and affective responses associated with their experiences. Data were imported into qualitative data analysis software, coded line by line, and analysed using content analysis, with special attention to the causes of mental distress associated with political violence. FindingsThe women's narratives included memories of exposure to bombings, injuries, death, and destruction of vital infrastructure and systems. Their experiences of flight were described as exhausting and demoralising. Their temporary shelters lacked their basic needs for sanitation, food, and privacy. These experiences resulted in intense terror, grief, exhaustion, hopelessness, and isolation. Strategies of psychological survival included reframing; trying to appreciate “being able to escape death”, a sense of solidarity within families and neighbourhoods, and pride and satisfaction found in a context of resistance and global attention to the suffering in Gaza. InterpretationOur results reveal the importance of tracing the events of warfare, its psychosocial consequences, and the distinct patterns of emotional and logistical survival in Gaza. This study was limited by the representativeness of our study population and the small sample size. Future studies should explore this topic in larger populations. Limitations notwithstanding, in drawing out the unique contribution of reflective narratives of women survivors of war, our study highlights the need to solicit and analyse reflective and chronologically grounded narratives within global mental health epidemiology. FundingNone.

Creative cross-sectoral collaboration: a conceptual framework of factors influencing partnerships for arts, health and wellbeing

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the factors impacting cross-sectoral collaboration in arts, health and wellbeing programme, policy and strategy development in South West England. Study designThe study used a participatory action research approach and qualitative methods in the context of a broader effort to develop a regional arts, health and wellbeing strategy. MethodsData collection methods included participant observation, semi-structured interviews, a focus group and feedback collected through collaborative online discussion documents. Data were coded using qualitative data analysis software and analysed using thematic analysis. Data were used inductively to develop the conceptual framework of key factors influencing cross-sectoral collaboration in arts, health and wellbeing. ResultsSeven key factors that affect cross-sectoral collaboration for arts, health and wellbeing activities were derived from the data and analysis: value and legitimacy, relationships, policy and system complexity, power, capacity, resources and alignment. A conceptual framework shows how these factors relate to each other in multiple configurations and shape cross-sectoral collaborations. ConclusionsThere are increasing opportunities for organisations to partner on arts, health and wellbeing activities. This study highlights key factors influencing the ability to collaborate across sectors and to align with local and national policy agendas. The proposed conceptual framework offers a way to think holistically about how to design for and manage these collaborations.

Teachers’ Perceptions of the Role of Entrepreneurship Education in the Career Choice Decision-Making of Business Studies Learners in Gauteng South Africa

This study explored teachers’ views on the influence that entrepreneurship education has on Business Studies learners’ career choices in Gauteng, South Africa. A qualitative case study approach was employed with a sample size of five Business Studies teachers from three selected public secondary schools in Gauteng East District, using purposive and convenience sampling methods to select participants for this study. Semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews were employed to collect required data for this study. Data were analysed using Atlas.ti which is a Computer Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) program. The findings from this study affirmed that Business Studies influences the career choices of learners to become entrepreneurs. Strengthened by the knowledge, skills and experience acquired from entrepreneurship as a segment in Business Studies, the study recommended that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) should provide the necessary encouragement to Business Studies learners as it is implemented with other subjects by assigning it an elevated status in the curriculum.

THEORETICAL EXTENSION OF THE NEW EDUCATION POLICY 2020 USING TWITTER MINING

In 2015, India adopted the UN‟s Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 4 which aims to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”. As the existent educational system was inadequate to meet the desired sustainable goal, the Indian government introduced the New Education Policy (NEP) in 2020. Considered as an inclusive education policy that focuses on fostering knowledge and value-based education, this study aims to evaluate the paradigm of NEP in the higher education sector. The study collected data from official policy documents (from the Ministry of Human Resource Development website) and Twitter to explore the critical areas in the NEP. By adopting the qualitative analysis method, the data were analysed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. After mining the data from tweets and policy documents, sentiment analysis and other forms of graphical representations were conducted. The study identified three themes namely students, language and discipline. The sentiment analysis revealed that the majority of the people were optimistic about the implementation of the NEP in the higher education sector. The study suggests practical implications for the higher educational institutes (HEIs), teachers and researchers.

Analysis of the Consistency Policy Indonesia's Capital Relocation in the Pandemic Era

This study aims to look at the narrative of public policies related to the relocation of the Indonesian capital in the era of the Covid Pandemic 19. The narrative is seen through the development of opinions of government policy actors, political parties, and society. This study uses a Q-DAS (Qualitative Data Analysis Software) approach; besides the data in this study are media and social media data. The media have an essential role to play in shaping public narratives related to policymaking. The role of public narratives can create collective awareness in providing information about actor choices in policy decision-making. This research will conduct a Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) study, which can describe, explain the structure of political narratives in policymaking. The results showed that the Government's attitude was inconsistent regarding relocating the State Capital (IKN) after the Covid 19 Pandemic. The policy choices made by the Government were evident from the Government's narrative that temporarily suspended the relocation of the State Capital (IKN). The policy steps taken by the Government are the impact of the developing public narrative related to the relocation of the State Capital (IKN) in the Covid 19 Pandemic era. The factors affecting budget availability are Covid 19, weak public support, regulations, and aspects of environmental damage. These factors have developed in the public narrative on mass media and social media so that the Government took steps to delay the process of moving the country's capital city (IKN).

Sustainable Business Model Innovation: An Umbrella Review

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an umbrella review of systematic literature reviews of sustainable business model innovation. Despite its relative novelty, sustainable business model innovation is a multifaceted phenomenon. Our aim is to capture the different manifestations of sustainable business model innovation and organise their antecedents and outcomes into an integrative framework. The Web of Science database was used to identify existing systematic literature reviews. The final sample for analysis comprised 57 review articles published up to March 2021. The qualitative data analysis software NVivo was used to facilitate the analysis.

Perceptions, Awareness, and Attitudes of Primary Health Care Workers Towards Management of Type-2 Diabetes in Jordan: A Qualitative Study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore health care workers’ perceptions, awareness and attitudes towards the factors that contribute to poor glycemic control among patients with Type-2 diabetes in Jordan. 
 
 MATERIAL & METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted to seek rich, in-depth data about health care workers’ perceptions and attitudes regarding Type-2 diabetes. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary health care workers: four nurses, physician, dietitian, pharmacist, lab technician, dentist and receptionist who were recruited using purposive sampling. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and uploaded to the qualitative data analysis software package NVivo 12. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. 
 
 RESULTS: Four themes were derived from the interview analysis: lack of knowledge of patients regarding diabetes and its management; influence of socio-cultural factors on patients’ diabetes management behaviors included eating pattern and physical activity; challenges related to the health care system including medication insecurity and health insurance policies and challenges related to staff shortages and poor patient-staff communication. 
 
 CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that medical and nursing practice could usefully move away from a task-oriented medical model towards a more holistic approach in diabetes management. Health promotion should be delivered in a wider context to target the population in different age groups to raise awareness of diabetes amongst the general population in Jordan. Nurses’ skills and knowledge could be utilized to rectify patients’ misconceptions and beliefs regarding diabetes treatment.

Educating Effervescent Women Scientists through Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables

The series Anne of the Green Gables is sequential children books that focus on Anne Shirley, the story's protagonist. The series of books explore Anne's life from a girl to a charming pretty young lady. In the story, Anne is portrayed as an inquisitive young girl. She explores her life philosophically. She also explores many aspects of nature and its relation to science. Her inquisitiveness is extremelysharp, that the skill helps her in learning the science of everyday life. The paper discusses Anne of the Green Gables' use in educating female students to enjoy STEM education. At present, the proportion of women engineers in Malaysia is disproportionate, and the Ministry of Education is working on inculcating female students' effervescence in STEM subjects. The methodological framework utilised in this study adhered to the approach of the phenomenological case study's paradigm. Interviews were conducted,and qualitative data were gathered and analysed using Atlas.ti, a qualitative data analysis software. The findings indicated that female students could draw links between themselves and Anne, the protagonist in the novels. The protagonist's various occupational explorations helped female students understand that they can excel in STEM and arouse their interests to become scientists or engineers. In conclusion, the use of literary texts written by female authors such as Anne of Green Gables could draw attention from female students towards STEM. This study fills the gap in the existing literature where no scholars have used the classic Anne of Green Gables to illicit interests among young female students.