Software Design Research Articles

A Novel 3D-Printed Gravity-Independent Air-Eliminating Filter for Rapid Intravenous Infusions.

INTRODUCTION: The absence of a consistent downward G vector can make separation of gases from liquids challenging, such as in field medicine without stable upright equipment or during spaceflight. This limits the use of medical equipment and procedures like administration of intravenous (IV) fluids in microgravity and can make field medicine hazardous. Administering IV fluids and medications in microgravity requires a technique to separate air from the liquid phase. Current commercial filters for separation of gases are incompatible with high flow and blood. We present a novel filter designed to provide adequate air clearance without a consistent downward G vector.METHODS: Inline air-eliminating filters were designed for use with IV fluid tubing in microgravity using computer-aided design software and printed using nylon 12 on an EOS Selective Laser Sintering 3D printer. A 0.2-μm membrane filter was adhered around a central, hollow pillar with external spiral baffles allowing separation and venting of air from the fluid. Results were compared against commercially available inline air-eliminating filters.RESULTS: The 3D-printed filters outperformed the commercial filters in both percentage of air removed and flow rates. The centrifugal, baffled filter had flow rates that far exceeded the commercial filters during rapid transfusion.DISCUSSION: IV fluid administration is an often underappreciated and a necessary basic requirement for medical treatment. An air-eliminating filter compatible with blood and rapid transfusion was developed and validated with crystalloid solutions to allow the successful administration of IV fluid and medication without a consistent downward G vector.Formanek A, Townsend J, Ottensmeyer MP, Kamine TH. A novel 3D-printed gravity-independent air-eliminating filter for rapid intravenous infusions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(6):327-332.

Behavioural Study of Beam-Column Joint for Seismic Loading

Abstract: The seismic performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures is a critical aspect of structural engineering, particularly in regions prone to seismic activity. This project presents a detailed study focusing on the behaviour of joints in RC structures following seismic events, utilizing the powerful computational tool ETABS. The primary objectives include understanding the response of joints under seismic loading, assessing their vulnerability, and proposing strategies for enhancing their seismic resilience. The study employs ETABS, a widely used software package for structural analysis and design, to simulate seismic actions on RC structures. Various types of joints, including beam-column joints and slab-column connections, are meticulously analysed under different seismic intensities and structural configurations. Through comprehensive analysis, the project aims to identify critical failure modes, such as shear failure, flexural failure, and joint sliding, and evaluate their impact on overall structural performance. Findings from this study contribute to the advancement of seismic design and retrofitting practices, offering insights into effective strategies for enhancing the seismic resistance of RC structures. The outcomes are valuable for engineers, researchers, and practitioners involved in earthquake engineering, providing essential knowledge for designing resilient structures capable of withstanding seismic hazards. This project underscores the importance of understanding joint behaviours in RC structures subjected to seismic loading, offering practical implications for improving structural safety and mitigating the impact of earthquakes on the built environment.

Synergy of Real and Digital Worlds - Promising Insights for the Future Generations of Fashion

Digital transformation (DT) is reshaping the fashion industry, revolutionizing the way brands, retailers, and consumers interact. It is not a fad but a necessary step towards innovation and survival in today's business context. Implementing digital transformation requires a bespoke approach that addresses specific challenges and goals within the existing framework of each brand or retailer. Fashion brands are leveraging digital technologies throughout their value chain, from product design and production to marketing and distribution. Computer-aided design (CAD) software, predictive analytics, and 3D printing are streamlining the design and prototyping phases, reducing time-to market and improving product quality. Technologies like 3D body scanning, seamless garments and digitized looms are also being adopted. Brands like Hugo Boss are using smart factories that incorporate robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to increase efficiency. Moreover, digital integrated supply chain platforms, such as blockchain, are enabling faster and more efficient production by connecting brands with manufacturers and suppliers globally. The adoption of digital solutions extends to the production of futuristic textiles, digital clothing and virtual model / digital show stoppers. Retailers are also embracing DT to enhance the customer experience and expand their reach. E-commerce has become a crucial channel, allowing retailers to sell products online and reach a wider customer base. Many retailers are investing in robust online platforms and incorporating augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies to offer immersive in-store shopping experiences. Data analytics and AI are being used to personalize recommendations and offers, enhancing customer engagement and loyalty. In-store virtual assistants or kiosks are worth mentioning in light of digital clientele. Social media platforms play a vital role in the fashion industry's digital transformation. Fashion brands are partnering with social media influencers to promote their products and reach a larger audience. Additionally, collaborative consumption models are emerging through digital apps, supporting sustainability efforts such as zero waste, recycling, and sharing goods or services. Consumers are benefiting from greater convenience, choice, and personalized experiences in the digital fashion landscape. They have access to a wide array of products from around the world and can find inspiration and style ideas on social media platforms. User generated content and reviews facilitate informed purchase decisions. Mobile technology advancements have blurred the lines between online and offline retail experiences, enabling consumers to shop anytime and anywhere. Adaptability, inclusivity, diversity, authenticity and traceability of product life cycle (Blockchain) have become driving instincts of Gen Zers and Millennials at purchase points. However, traditional industry players and small independent retailers face increased competition from e-commerce giants, necessitating their adaptation to digital technologies to remain relevant. The COVID 19 pandemic has accelerated this shift and normalized the idea of going digital. This paper presents an in-depth review of how digital transformations have various players within the fashion Industry with special reference to the brands, designers and enterprises implementing these for their evolution and progression to thrive in this rapidly evolving landscape.

Design and evaluation of a colon cancer mobile application

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Despite the infrastructure and the availability of organized screening programs, participation in their screening programs is less than the set goals. Considering the importance of informing the society about the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer symptoms and the positive impact of mobile health technologies, the present research was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a colon cancer mobile application.MethodsThe present research was conducted in two phases: software design and evaluation. In the first phase, the software was prepared using the cascade method. First, all the educational content related to colorectal cancer was collected through an expert panel with the participation of 10 specialists. Then the software was evaluated with alpha and beta testing, and the initial version was approved by users in terms of simplicity and usability. In the second phase, a parallel clinical randomized trial study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of a colon cancer mobile application on the early detection of colorectal cancer. In this stage, 204 volunteers participated; inclusion criteria were age 18–85 years, owning a smartphone and the ability to read and write. Participants were randomized into control and intervention groups. The intervention group was educated with the colon cancer application for education about colorectal cancer, and the control group was educated with a pamphlet. After education, both groups were screened for colorectal cancer symptoms, and the results were compared.ResultsIn the software evaluation phase, the application was used by 204 users. In this stage, 84 (41.2%) women and 120 (58.8%) men, with an average (Standard Deviation) age of 47.53 (13.68) participated. Participants were randomized in two groups, 103 people with an average (Standard Deviation) age of 47.62 (14.65) in intervention group and 101 people with an average (Standard Deviation) age of 47.44 (12.70) in control group. There were no significant differences between the demographic characteristics of age, gender, marriage, occupation, instruction level, digestive disease history, cancer history, cancer risk factors, and family history of cancer between the two groups (P > 0.05). The Mann-Whitney U test indicated that there is a significant difference between the two groups of participants in self-assessment, willingness to do the screening, and the results of the assessment of colorectal cancer (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the research indicated the positive impact of the Colon Cancer Application on the abilities of the users of self-assessment of colon cancer. Therefore, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the use of the colon cancer mobile application is effective for colon cancer prevention and self-care.Trial registrationThis study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir) on 13/2/2024, with the IRCT ID: IRCT20210131050189N9.

Computer-Assisted Surgery in Mandible Reconstruction

AbstractComputer-assisted surgery is the most significant recent advancement in osseous head and neck reconstruction. Computer-aided design (CAD) software allows computerized planning of resection and reconstruction. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) can be used to create models, cutting guides, and patient-specific plates. Several studies have shown that these techniques are more accurate and result in decreased flap ischemia times compared with conventional techniques. CAD also facilitates the immediate placement of dental implants. The most useful application of computer-assisted surgery is delayed reconstruction, in which soft tissue contraction and the absence of a specimen as a reference make accurate estimation of the defect challenging. The drawbacks of CAD/CAM are lack of intraoperative flexibility and cost. Some centers have created in-house CAD/CAM processes using open-source software and commercially available three-dimensional printers.

Structural Optimization of Trusses in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Projects Using Visual Programming, Evolutionary Algorithms, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Tools

The optimal structural design is imperative in order to minimize material consumption and reduce the environmental impacts of construction. Given the complexity in the formulation of structural design problems, the process of optimization is commonly performed using artificial intelligence (AI) global optimization, such as the genetic algorithm (GA). However, the integration of AI-based optimization, together with visual programming (VP), in building information modeling (BIM) projects warrants further investigation. This study proposes a workflow by combining structure analysis, VP, BIM, and GA to optimize trusses. The methodology encompasses several steps, including the following: (i) generation of parametric trusses in Dynamo VP; (ii) performing finite element modeling (FEM) using Robot Structural Analysis (RSA); (iii) retrieving and evaluating the FEM results interchangeably between Dynamo and RSA; (iv) finding the best solution using GA; and (v) importing the optimized model into Revit, enabling the user to perform simulations and engineering analysis, such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and quantity surveying. This methodology provides a new interoperable framework with minimal interference with existing supply-chain processes, and it will be flexible to technology literacy and allow architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) professionals to employ VP, global optimization, and FEM in BIM-based projects by leveraging open-sourced software and tools, together with commonly used design software. The feasibility of the proposed workflow was tested on benchmark problems and compared with the open literature. The outcomes of this study offer insight into the opportunities and limitations of combining VP, GA, FEA, and BIM for structural optimization applications, particularly to enhance structural efficiency and sustainability in construction. Despite the success of this study in developing a workable, user-friendly, and interoperable framework for the utilization of VP, GA, FEM, and BIM for structural optimization, the results obtained could be improved by (i) increasing the callback function speed between Dynamo and RSA through specialized application programming interface (API); and (ii) fine-tuning the GA parameters or utilizing other advanced global optimization and supervised learning techniques for the optimization.

Piping layout integrated in ship design and stability evaluation

Damage stability assessment in ship design is a well-established area of our trade. However, where originally only a limited number of aspects were involved, gradually more details are included. Notably compartment connections by pipes and ducts etcetera. Combined with a high number of damage cases, in practice this results in a set of computations which is not complex as such, yet complicated by its sheer size. Although in the PIAS ship design software suite quite some dedicated tools are available, those have never been designed to support the requirements from today. In this light the software has been extended with a new system to fully define shape and topology of compartments and their connections. This paper reports on the system design, its application in damage scenarios, and on complications.

Design and Implementation of a Car’s Black Box System using Arduino

A black box system (BBS) in a car is crucial for recording and analyzing critical data to enhance safety, investigate accidents, and improve vehicle performance. This research presents a BBS developed using Arduino for cars, aimed at using the power of modern technology for comprehensive data capture and analysis in vehicular contexts. The BBS, or Event Data Recorder (EDR), is an essential component for enhancing road safety, accident analysis, and overall vehicle performance evaluation. The proposed system uses Arduino, a versatile and cost-effective microcontroller platform, to create a robust and customizable solution. It integrates various sensors and data acquisition modules to collect critical data points, including speed, acceleration, GPS coordinates, engine performance, and vehicle diagnostics. The architecture of the system and its smooth integration into automobiles are described in this article through detailed hardware and software design. Data retrieval and analysis are made possible by the system's user-friendly interface, which helps with fleet management, driver behaviour analysis, and accident investigation. This paper addresses the importance of data privacy and security while highlighting technological improvements. It proposes measures to ensure that personal data is managed responsibly and in accordance with legal requirements. In conclusion, a major advancement in improving road safety and vehicle monitoring has been made with the integration of Arduino technology into the car's BBS. Considering data security and privacy, this system provides users with an extensive set of facts to enable them to make well-informed decisions.

Investigating parameters affecting the real and virtual drapability of silk fabrics for traditional Hanbok

This paper presents research into the parameters affecting the real and virtual drapability of silk fabrics for traditional Hanbok. The KES-FB (Kawabata evaluation system of fabric) and the CLO (3D fashion design software) fabric kit system were used to evaluate the physical properties. The relationships between physical properties and the drape coefficient of silk fabrics were statistically analyzed. It was determined whether the objectified real fabric data could be used and applied as a database when implementing virtual clothing using a 3D virtual clothing program. The KES-FB properties and CLO fabric kit results indicated that the bending property and weight were significantly correlated with the drape coefficient. The bending rigidity and weight per unit area were influential parameters of the drape coefficient. The regression analysis results of both the KES-FB and the CLO fabric kit revealed that bending rigidity and thickness were statistically significantly correlated with the drape coefficient. The bending property was the most determining parameter for the drape coefficient of silk fabrics. A statistically significant difference between the real and virtual drape coefficients of stiffer silk fabrics was found. In the CLO 7.1 program, the accuracy of drape implementation of virtual fabrics was found to be useful when the bending stiffness of the actual fabric was less than 0.089 gf·cm2/cm and the elasticity was more than 1.03%. The results revealed that more research on the program modeling method considering the mechanical and physical properties of the real fabric and its structure is needed.

‘5D PRINTING’ -THE NEW ERA IN DENTISTRY! -A NARRATIVE REVIEW

3D printing technology has a wide range of applications in various industries. It is widely used to produce complex 3D structures, but it has some limitations such as a limited amount of material, etc., which have been overcome with the introduction of 4D printing technology. In 4D printing, which involves time as a function and the combination of smart materials, this enables properties such as changing form and function.[1]Five-dimensional (5D) printing is a new branch of additive manufacturing (AM) with great potential to solve problems in engineering, medicine, dentistry and other related fields. It is the latest technological advancement used to produce complex and intricately shaped products, implants and devices with much better physical properties than those obtained by three-dimensional (3D) printing. The concept of 5D printing originated from William Yerazunis of the American University of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL). In 5D printing, the printing plate also moves with the printing head during the printing process. in 3D printing techniques.[1]four-dimensional (4D) printing is the concept of using a smart material that can change the shape of a printed object over time as the temperature changes. [2] One of the advantages of 5D printing is the use of 25% less material than 3D printing. Five-dimensional printing is all about efficiently manufacturing this complex and curved structure with maximum strength. Using computer-aided design (CAD) data to produce super strong dental implants, orthodontic brackets, crowns, aligners, bridges and appliances. This CAD data is created using the dentist's 3D scanner / different design software.[1] 5D printing of five axes: [1], 1.X-axis ;2. Y-axis;3. Z axis; 4. Movable print head and 5. Movable printing base.5D printing is an advanced manufacturing technology that builds on the concept of 3D printing and adds customization options and features. While 3D printing requires the creation of three-dimensional objects layer by layer, 5D printing allows additional functions or features to be added to a printable object, often dynamically or responsively. its role in dentistry may be limited due to the newness of the technology.

Mechanism Analysis and Optimization Design of Exoskeleton Robot with Non-Circular Gear–Pentabar Mechanism

To address the complex structure of existing rod mechanism exoskeleton robots and the difficulty in solving the motion trajectory of multi−rod mechanisms, an exoskeleton knee robot with a differential non−circular gear–pentarod mechanism is designed based on non−circular gears with arbitrary transmission ratios to constrain the degrees of freedom of the R-para-rod mechanism. In this study, the kinematic model of a non-circular gear–five−rod mechanism is established based on motion mapping theory by obtaining the normal motion positions of the human lower limb. An optimization design software for the non-circular gear–five−rod mechanism is developed using the MATLAB 2018b visualization platform, with the non−circular active gear as the sole input variable. A set of ideal parameters is obtained through parameter adjustment and optimal parameter selection, and the corresponding trajectories are compared with human trajectories. The three−dimensional model of the mechanism is established according to the obtained parameters, and the motion simulation of the non−circular gear–five−bar mechanism demonstrates that the mechanism can better reproduce the expected human knee joint motion posture, meeting the working requirements of an exoskeleton knee robot.

Autonomous Agricultural Drone with Sprinkling System

The quadcopter is one of the most widely used varieties of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or UAVs. This paper aims to build a drone with autonomous navigation capabilities. A sprinkling system was installed over the quadrotor to spray the desired fertilizers in the given area. The process of creating a quadrotor using a mechatronic design methodology—which considers the design of mechanical, electrical, software, and control components simultaneously—is explained in the article. The simulation findings for pitch and roll altitude control are also presented in the study. The investigation's findings include suggestions for choosing motors, propellers, batteries, and electrical speed controls wisely so that anyone with a desire might construct one by themselves.

Product Design Interaction and Experience Based on Virtual Reality Technology

Artificial intelligence involves imitating human thought, consciousness, and other aspects. This is similar to having machine with human brain that can think, produce independently. However, unlike human brain, it has a speed, memory advantage. A virtual reality interactive glove is built using a nine-axis inertial sensor, an artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm. In this research work, Product Design Interaction and Experience Based on Virtual Reality Technology (PDIE-VRT-SCGAN) were proposed. Initially, input gestures data are gathered from the Virtual Reality Experiences (VRE) dataset. The input gestures data is then pre-processed using Multi-Window Savitzky-Golay Filter (MWSGF) to reduce noises, increase overall quality of the gestures data. In order to improving overall user engagement in product design interactions on virtual reality (VR) technology, the pre-processed gestures data are then fed into an adversarial network called a Semi-Cycled Generative Adversarial Network (SCGAN). In general, SCGAN does not express some adaption of optimization strategies for determining optimal parameters to promise exact to improving overall user engagement in product design interactions using VR technology. Therefore, FOX-inspired Optimization (FIO) is proposed to enhance weight parameter of SCGAN method, which precisely improving the user experience in product design interaction. The efficacy of PDIE-VRT-SCGAN method is assessed using a number of performance criteria, including tracking accuracy, frame rate, latency, rendering time, error rate, and user error. The proposed PDIE-VRT-SCGAN method attains 22.36%, 25.42% and 18.17% higher tracking accuracy, 21.26%, 15.42% and 19.27% higher latency, 28.36%, 25.32% and 28.27% higher frame rate compared with existing methods, such as design and implementation of virtual reality interactive product software depend on artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm(DVRI-PS-AI-DL), virtual evaluation system for product designing utilizing virtual reality (VES-PD-VR), and analysis of unsatisfying user experiences with unmet psychological needs for virtual reality exergames utilizing deep learning approach (AUUE-UP-VRE-DLA) respectively.

SCADA implementation in microhydro power plant control and monitoring systems of screw turbine type

Screw turbine-type micro-hydro power plants are still controlled manually by humans when there is a change in the electrical load on the generator output. If there is a change in the electrical load, the generator output voltage will change, thus affecting the rotation of the turbine being used. In this case, humans are needed to manually regulate the flow of water entering the turbine to maintain the stability of the generator output voltage by controlling the sluice gate. The water discharge entering the screw turbine will rotate the generator through a belt/gearbox pulley transmission, thus producing an electrical voltage at the generator output. To maintain the stability of the generator output voltage, it is necessary to control the water discharge entering the screw turbine. The expected goal of this research is to design a control system for a screw turbine type microhydro power plant to stabilize the generator output voltage and monitor the output of a screw turbine type generator using a SCADA (Supervisory Control, and Data Aquisition) system. The method used is the research and development method, namely the system design stage based on secondary data that has been collected, where the system design includes hardware design and software design, followed by making hardware such as control panels and devices. Software, which includes display design and leader diagrams and testing, is carried out by testing the system on software, hardware, and overall system testing. From the results of the discussion and analysis, the screw turbine type microhydro power plant control design system was created, a load control system consisting of 6 groups and sluice gate opening control that uses an ultrasonic sensor to determine the water level. With the results of controlling the sluice gate at a door opening of 30 mm, the generator voltage is 18.42 Volts DC, DC current is 0.0 Ampere at a load of 0 watts, when the load is 30 watts the generator voltage decreases by 18.40 volts, current is 1.37 Ampere. Through the on-line monitoring system, electrical parameters are obtained which are displayed on the SCADA system by looking in real-time at the history of DC voltage and DC current, DC power, and DC energy generated by the screw turbine-type DC generator. The voltage read is 18. 57 volts, current 1.37 Amperes, DC electrical power is 25.4 watts with a DC light load of 30 watts.

The Design and Analysis of a 25-Watt Broad-Band GaN HEMT-Based Power Amplifier

This paper presents the novel design and analysis of a 25 W broadband Class-AB GaN HEMT-based power amplifier working over 0.9–1.7 GHz. A large signal model of the Wolfspeed-make GaN HEMT CG2H40025 has been used in this design. The comprehensive design process has been carried out with the help of the Advanced Design System software by Keysight. Instead of conjugately matching the load and source impedance obtained from load-pull analysis of a nonlinear model of CG2H40025, the value of load and source impedance has been tuned with the help of a novel design approach of an ideal matching design approach. Thus, to achieve an output power of more than 25 W and a flat large signal gain of 15.425 ± 0.375 dB, a novel design approach has been employed to create input and output matching networks, maintaining a lower Q value results in broad bandwidth and for determining the load and source impedances. The circuit has been fabricated on Roger’s substrate RO4350B having a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a loss tangent of 0.0031. The unique design approach based on electromagnetic simulation of the circuit at each design step yielded experimental results that agreed very well with the simulated results. The fabricated power amplifier achieves a power-added efficiency of over 54.78% and a drain efficiency of over 55.45% throughout the entire frequency range. It also delivers a maximum output power of 32.18 W at 1.3 GHz. This power amplifier is developed for L-band Foliage Penetrating Radar.

Implementation of a Universal Framework Using Design Patterns for Application Development on Microcontrollers.

This article focuses on the area of software development for microcontrollers and details the implementation of modern programming practices and principles in embedded systems and IoT applications. This article explains how we implemented previously unimplemented principles and applied design patterns for quality software design on microcontrollers, which are currently only used for developing applications on the higher layers of the IoT reference model. A custom modular framework for microcontrollers is presented, based on applying SOLID principles and adapting design patterns specific to the microcontrollers' application development needs. The implemented framework enables independent communication between modules and flexible integration of hardware components. It is designed with platform independence in mind, contributing to its wide adaptability and ease of use in diverse development environments. By applying these technological approaches, we can create applications that are not only testable and extensible in terms of application logic but also allow for easy adaptation to changes in these hardware resources. Utilizing these capabilities represents an innovative approach to development for microcontrollers that fundamentally improves the long-term sustainability and scalability of applications.

WaLBerla‐wind: A lattice‐Boltzmann‐based high‐performance flow solver for wind energy applications

SummaryThis article presents the development of a new wind turbine simulation software to study wake flow physics. To this end, the design and development of waLBerla‐wind, a new simulator based on the lattice‐Boltzmann method that is known for its excellent performance and scaling properties, will be presented. Here it will be used for large eddy simulations (LES) coupled with actuator wind turbine models. Due to its modular software design, waLBerla‐wind is flexible and extensible with regard to turbine configurations. Additionally it is performance portable across different hardware architectures, another critical design goal. The new solver is validated by presenting force distributions and velocity profiles and comparing them with experimental data and a vortex solver. Furthermore, waLBerla‐wind's performance is compared to a theoretical peak performance, and analyzed with weak and strong scaling benchmarks on CPU and GPU systems. This analysis demonstrates the suitability for large‐scale applications and future cost‐effective full wind farm simulations.

UHVDC transmission line diagnosis method for integrated community energy system based on wavelet analysis

With the large-scale development of renewable energy power, China has faced with the challenges of the reverse regional distribution of wind and solar resources and power load, as well as the intermittency and randomness of renewable energy power. Therefore, China is vigorously developing ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission technology to solve the problem of insufficient flexibility caused by the uncertainty of renewable energy and the fluctuation of multi-energy loads in integrated community energy systems. UHVDC plays an increasingly pivotal role in the west-east transmission system in China’s power system due to its high transmission capacity and long transmission distance. Once the fault occurs in the ultra-high voltage direct (UHVD) transmission line, quick and accurate fault location identification is of great significance. Hence, this paper proposes a UHVDC transmission line diagnosis method based on wavelet analysis for integrated community energy systems. Wavelet transform (WT) is used to decompose the transient signal on a multi-scale, and then power systems computer-aided design (PSCAD) software is utilized for simulation calculation to obtain the singular spectrum entropy of each layer and facilitate wavelet transformations for signal denoising with advanced tools such as MATLAB. The prediction results can distinguish outside the rectification side fault, within the rectification side fault, and outside the inverter fault with an accuracy of 100%. A large number of simulations demonstrate that combining singular spectrum entropy with support vector machines (SVM) has emerged as a robust technique for integrated community energy systems, suggesting its potential as a standard method in UHVDC transmission line diagnosis. This study is of significant reference for realizing the complementarity of multiple types of power supply and ensuring a reliable power supply.

Novel patient-specific gingival soft-tissue expander development for large bone defects using silicone 3D-printing technology

The current hydrogel self-inflating expander is limited by its volume and linear expansion rate, making it unsuitable for correcting patient-specific large mandibular bone defects in soft-tissue surgeries. This study devised a novel approach for crafting patient-specific gingival tissue expanders for large mandibular bone defects by employing silicone 3D-printing technology. The biocompatible and swellable polymer tablet was compressed and placed into a 3D-printed silicone membrane to evaluate its expansion capability. Two patient-specific large left and right mandibular bone defects with complex geometries were selected to generate defect expander models in a computer-aided design (CAD) software. The swellable tablets were enveloped in the 3D-printed silicone membranes to form soft-tissue expanders, which were then immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 6 weeks to observe their expansion. Results demonstrated that a slot-shaped silicone soft-tissue tablet attained an expansion volume of 1960 mm&amp;sup3;. A fourth-degree polynomial fitting curve illustrated slower expansion rates in the initial 2 weeks and achieved complete expansion in about 6 weeks. Patient-specific silicone expander testing indicated less than 2% error in the average expanded volumes of compared to CAD models. The cross-sectional profile of the soft-tissue expanders closely resembled the CAD model. This study demonstrated that biocompatible polymer could be utilized as swellable tablet material and enveloped within a 3D-printed silicone membrane to generate a novel soft-tissue expander that adhered to clinical standards. Additionally, the study validated the feasibility of expanding patient-specific silicone expanders within 6 weeks for repairing large left and right mandibular bone defects.

Optimized Wide-Angle Metamaterial Edge Filters: Enhanced Performance with Multi-Layer Designs and Anti-Reflection Coatings

Optimized Wide-Angle Metamaterial Edge Filters: Enhanced Performance with Multi-Layer Designs and Anti-Reflection Coatings