Soft Setting Research Articles

CSP2023: 96 - James Lind Alliance First Time Soft Tissue Knee Injuries Priority Setting Partnership: Top 10 Research Priorities

CSP2023: 96 - James Lind Alliance First Time Soft Tissue Knee Injuries Priority Setting Partnership: Top 10 Research Priorities

Structure of a new system of information in a soft rough setting based on new groups

Our goal in writing this article is to investigate roughness as it relates to soft sets on the cubic dihedral group. We distinguish between two types of sets in this paper: lower cubic dihedral sets and higher cubic dihedral sets that are soft. They are introduced on the other side by use of the typical soft cubic dihedral group that is associated with each parameter. We discuss a few key findings regarding our lessons over groups.

A robust framework for the decision-making based on single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft expert setting

A soft expert set is widely used as a tool to solve and model the problems appearing in computer science and operations research. It aims to incorporate expert knowledge and uncertainty-handling capabilities into the analysis and decision-making processes. On the other hand, the idea of single neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) and fuzzy sets (FSs) are imported models for handling the uncertainty data. In this work, the authors combine the critical features of FSs and SVNSs under expert systems in one model. Accordingly, this model worked to provide decision-makers with more flexibility in the process of interpreting uncertain information. From a scientific point of view, the process of evaluating this high-performance SVNFSES disappears. Therefore, in this paper, we initiated a new approach known as single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft expert sets (SVNFSESs) as a new development in a fuzzy soft computing environment. We investigate some fundamental operations on SVNFSESS along with their basic properties. Also, we investigate AND and OR operations between two SVNFSESS as well as several numerical examples to clarify the above fundamental operations. Finally, we have given distance measures (DM) between two SVNFSESs to construct a new algorithm that is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in handling some real-life applications.

Eliminate Artifact on ECG Recording Using the Soft Threshold Setting on Wavelet Coefficients at Independent Components of ICA

Eliminate Artifact on ECG Recording Using the Soft Threshold Setting on Wavelet Coefficients at Independent Components of ICA

Fossil fauna in MIS 5e deposits of Mar Piccolo basin (Taranto, Southern Italy) suggests new palaeoclimatic constraints

A palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic study was conducted on the fossil content of Last Interglacial calcarenites (MIS 5e) in the Taranto gulf. Three bulk samples returned a rich mollusc fauna consisting of: 120 extant Mediterranean species, including 4 species that live in the tropical west Africa province (Senegalese Fauna) while they are absent from the modern Mediterranean fauna. The molluscan assemblage indicates an infralittoral soft vegetated setting characterized by lateral variations from more exposed to sheltered areas, and a climatic affinity showing similar proportions between warm and cold affinity species. The lack of a marked warm affinity character may indicate a cooler than expected palaeoclimate during the MIS 5e in the Ionian Sea, in contrast with what can be inferred from the occurrence of Senegalese species and, in particular, of Thetystrombus latus thermal constraints.

Symmetric Matrices on Inverse Soft Expert Sets and Their Applications

The role of experts in decision-making is highly significant. The soft expert set (SES) is yet another milestone, as it plays a vital role in generalizing soft set theory. Soft expert set is creative and original because it involves more than one expert. This served as a driving force behind the creation of the current work. The present paper generalizes the framework of soft experts set to the inverse soft setting, namely the inverse soft expert set (ISES). Some captivating characteristic features of the soft expert set (SES) are established. On the inverse soft expert sets, numerous striking characteristics of symmetric matrices are presented. The ground-breaking idea of symmetric matrices on inverse soft expert sets (SMISES) is introduced. A MCDM problem for SMISES is described with an algorithm and interesting comparative analysis.

Algorithm for decision-making based on similarity measures of possibility interval-valued neutrosophic soft setting settings

hand the idea of interval-valued neutrosophic soft sets (IVNSSs) is a new generalization of the neutrosophic soft sets to the neutrosophic sets when the authors combine the critical features of IVNS and soft sets (SSs) in one model. Accordingly, this model worked to provide decision-makers with more flexibility in the process of interpreting uncertain information. From a scientific point of view, the process of evaluating this highperformance IVNSS disappears. Therefore, in this paper, we initiated a new approach known as possibility interval-valued neutrosophic soft sets (PIVNSSs) as a new development in a fuzzy soft computing environment. We investigate some fundamental operations on PIVNSSs along with their basic properties. Also, we investigate AND and OR operations between two PIVNSSs as well as several numerical examples to clarify the above fundamental operations. Finally, we have given similarity measure (SM) between two PIVNSSs to construct a new algorithm that is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in handling some real-life applications.

ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL AND LOCAL OPTIMA OF REGULARIZED QUANTILE REGRESSION IN HIGH DIMENSIONS: A SUBGRADIENT APPROACH

Regularized quantile regression (QR) is a useful technique for analyzing heterogeneous data under potentially heavy-tailed error contamination in high dimensions. This paper provides a new analysis of the estimation/prediction error bounds of the global solution of $L_1$ -regularized QR (QR-LASSO) and the local solutions of nonconvex regularized QR (QR-NCP) when the number of covariates is greater than the sample size. Our results build upon and significantly generalize the earlier work in the literature. For certain heavy-tailed error distributions and a general class of design matrices, the least-squares-based LASSO cannot achieve the near-oracle rate derived under the normality assumption no matter the choice of the tuning parameter. In contrast, we establish that QR-LASSO achieves the near-oracle estimation error rate for a broad class of models under conditions weaker than those in the literature. For QR-NCP, we establish the novel results that all local optima within a feasible region have desirable estimation accuracy. Our analysis applies to not just the hard sparsity setting commonly used in the literature, but also to the soft sparsity setting which permits many small coefficients. Our approach relies on a unified characterization of the global/local solutions of regularized QR via subgradients using a generalized Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition. The theory of the paper establishes a key property of the subdifferential of the quantile loss function in high dimensions, which is of independent interest for analyzing other high-dimensional nonsmooth problems.

Abstract 357: Characterization of KRas pathway inhibitors in 2D and 3D screening formats

Abstract The KRas/Raf/MEK signalling axis has been identified to play a critical role in the formation of cancer, resulting in several investigational new drugs targeting this pathway. Identification of appropriate drugs is hampered, however, by the assumption that a three-dimensional setting may be required to observe significant inhibitory effects, possibly due to alternate gene expression and protein activity in such a “closer-to-physiology” setting. In order to explore that topic, in the current study we have made use of our 140 cell lines (CL)-2D proliferation panel (3 days incubation) and our 100CL-3D soft agar panel (> 7 days incubation). On these platforms, we have compared inhibitors targeting the KRas/Raf/MEK pathway via either KRas:SOS interaction (e.g. BI3406), the KRas mutation at G12C (e.g. AMG510), or Raf-kinase (e.g. AZ628) and MEK1/2-kinase activity (e.g. AZD6244). It showed that especially the Raf- and MEK kinase inhibitors exhibited significantly enhanced potency in the 3D soft agar setting in the majority of the cell lines tested. The other inhibitors also showed an increased potency under soft agar conditions, however, on clearly fewer cell lines and usually not as strongly. For all kinds of inhibitors tested, the most significant changes in potency were associated with enhanced efficacy as observed by stronger cell death induction. Differences may be attributable to three-dimensional growth, but also to the elongated duration of the soft agar assay. For selected conditions, we addressed this topic by analyzing the inhibitor impact on 3D spheroid growth after shorter incubation times. Our results show that 3D growth analysis either in the soft agar or spheroid setting clearly supports the development of KRas/Raf/MEK pathway inhibitors. Citation Format: Katharina Schaich, Daniel Feger, Oliver Siedentopf, Sarah Ulrich, Jan Erik Ehlert. Characterization of KRas pathway inhibitors in 2D and 3D screening formats [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 357.

MARKET PERFORMANCE OF SOFT DRINKS ENTERPRISES IN KIGALI CITY, RWANDA: EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INTERACTIVE MARKETING PRACTICES

Purpose: Even when soft drink production as an entrepreneurial activity has had tremendous impact on society, it continues to face heightened challenges as the world Corona Virus pandemic continues. The choice of a relevant communication strategy however will influence how they attain their goals. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between interactive marketing practices and market performance of soft drink enterprises in Kigali City, Rwanda.
 Methodology: Cross-sectional design was employed in this study to collect data on samples at a point in time. Simple random sampling technique helped researchers to select 322 soft drink enterprises in Kigali city and data was collected using structured self-administered questionnaire and interview guide in line with critical realism philosophy. Zero-order Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the set hypothesis and regression techniques for prediction.
 Findings: Results revealed that interactive marketing practices have a positive and significant association with market performance (r=.267, p<.01).
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study uniquely contributes to interactivity literature by providing further evidence on the positive relationship that exist between interactive marketing practices and market performance in a soft drink setting in Kigali City. Managers in these enterprises will acquire new insights related to the significance of interactive marketing practices in achieving their promotional and performance objectives. It was recommended that soft drink enterprises orient their strategic decisions towards disseminating their marketing information using interactive communication channels. This has been found out by this study to help them maintain warm relationship with their clients which has future sales leads and profitability implications.

A Cubic Dihedral in Soft Rough Setting Based on Cubic Dihedral Groups

A Cubic Dihedral in Soft Rough Setting Based on Cubic Dihedral Groups

Two Classes of Infrasoft Separation Axioms

One of the considerable topics in the soft setting is the study of soft topology which has enticed the attention of many researchers. To contribute to this scope, we devote this work to investigate two classes of separation axioms with respect to the distinct ordinary elements through one of the generalizations of soft topology called infrasoft topology. We first formulate the concepts of infra- t p -soft T j using total belong and partial nonbelong relations and then introduce the concepts of infra- t t -soft T j -spaces using total belong and partial nonbelong relations. To illustrate the relationships between them, we provide some examples. We discuss their fundamental properties and study their behaviors under some special types of infrasoft topologies. An extensive discussion is given for the transmission of these two classes between infrasoft topology and its parametric infratopologies. In the end, we demonstrate which ones have topological and hereditary properties, and we show their behaviors under the finite product of soft spaces.

The Organisation of Formal Education of Fencing Coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic

The paper deals with formal educational programmes for fencing coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic. Based on a content analysis of mainly curricular documents, we were able to identify and describe similarities and differences in approaches to coach education. They were apparent primarily on the legislative, organisational and content level. The research shows that the road to coaching excellence takes a different length of time in different countries. It is even in sharp contrast to formal licence education of some fencing federations when it comes to a bachelor study programme. Differences were also found in the approach towards the organisation of practical training. The more traditionally designed education of coaches in Hungary and the Czech Republic differed from the education in Great Britain from a philosophical and content point of view, specifically in topics such as the application of soft skills and setting, planning and assessment of goals in coaches´ practice.

CONTROL SYSTEM DEPENDING ON A PARAMETER

A nonlinear control system depending on a parameter is considered in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space and on a finite time interval. The dependence on the parameter of the reachable sets and integral funnels of the corresponding differential inclusion system is studied. Under certain conditions on the control system, the degree of this dependence on the parameter is estimated. Problems of targeting integral funnels to a target set in the presence of an obstacle in strict and soft settings are considered. An algorithm for the numerical solution of this problem in the soft setting has been developed. An estimate of the error of the developed algorithm is obtained. An example of solving a specific problem for a control system in a two-dimensional phase space is given.

Update of the EPTN atlas for CT- and MR-based contouring in Neuro-Oncology

Background and purposeTo update the digital online atlas for organs at risk (OARs) delineation in neuro-oncology based on high-quality computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with new OARs. Materials and methodsIn this planned update of the neurological contouring atlas published in 2018, ten new clinically relevant OARs were included, after thorough discussion between experienced neuro-radiation oncologists (RTOs) representing 30 European radiotherapy-oncology institutes. Inclusion was based on daily practice and research requirements. Consensus was reached for the delineation after critical review. Contouring was performed on registered CT with intravenous (IV) contrast (soft tissue & bone window setting) and 3 Tesla (T) MRI (T1 with gadolinium & T2 FLAIR) images of one patient (1 mm slices). For illustration purposes, delineation on a 7 T MRI without IV contrast from a healthy volunteer was added. OARs were delineated by three experienced RTOs and a neuroradiologist based on the relevant literature. ResultsThe presented update of the neurological contouring atlas was reviewed and approved by 28 experts in the field. The atlas is available online and includes in total 25 OARs relevant to neuro-oncology, contoured on CT and MRI T1 and FLAIR (3 T & 7 T). Three-dimensional (3D) rendered films are also available online. ConclusionIn order to further decrease inter- and intra-observer OAR delineation variability in the field of neuro-oncology, we propose the use of this contouring atlas in photon and particle therapy, in clinical practice and in the research setting. The updated atlas is freely available on www.cancerdata.org.

Optimizing Identification of Power Injectable Ports on the Scout Images for Multidetector Computed Tomography Procedures.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of tube voltage and image display on the identification of power ports features on anterior-posterior scout images to inform optimal workflow for multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations. Four ports, representing variable material composition (titanium/silicone), shapes, and computed tomography (CT) markings, were imaged on an adult anthropomorphic chest phantom using a dual-source MDCT at variable peak tube voltages (80, 100, 120, 150, and Sn150 kVp). Images were reviewed at variable image display setting by 5 blinded readers to assess port features of material composition, shape, and text markings as well as overall preferred image quality. Material composition was correctly identified for all ports by all readers across all kilovoltage-peak settings. The identification by shape was more reliable than CT markers for all but one of the ports. CT marker identification was up to 80% for titanium ports at window level settings optimized for metal (window width, 200; window center, -150) and at a soft tissue setting (window width, 400; window center, 40) for silicone ports. Interreader agreement for best image quality per kilovoltage-peak setting was moderate to substantial for 3 ports (k = 0.5-0.62) but only fair for 1 port (k = 0.27). The highest overall rank for image quality was given unanimously to Sn150 kVp for imaging titanium ports and 100 kVp for silicone ports. Power port identification on MDCT scout images can be optimized with modification of MDCT scout acquisition and display settings based on the main port material.

Separation axioms and fixed points using total belong and total non-belong relations with respect to soft β-open sets

One of the divergences between soft set and crisp set is the diversity of belong and non-belong relations between soft sets and ordinary points. This widely opens the door to establish several classes of separation axiom on soft setting. In this article, we exploit the relations of total belong and total non-belong to introduce new soft separation axioms with reference to ordinary points, namely tt-soft βTi (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) and tt-soft β -regular spaces. The advantages behind using these relations are, first, generalization of existing comparable properties on general topology and second eliminating the stability shape of soft open and closed subsets of soft β -regular spaces. With the aid of some examples, we show the relationships between them as well as with soft βTi (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) and soft β -regular spaces. Also, we explain the role of soft hyperconnected and extended soft topological spaces in obtaining some interesting results. We characterize a tt-soft β -regular space and demonstrate that it guarantees the equivalence of tt-soft βTi (i = 0, 1, 2). Further, we investigate these soft separation axioms in terms of product soft spaces and sum of soft topological spaces. Finally, we introduce a concept of β -fixed soft point theorem and study its main properties.

Cranial Structure of Varanus komodoensis as Revealed by Computed-Tomographic Imaging.

Simple SummaryWe investigated the head of Komodo dragons using CT imaging. Cross-sections show that all cranial bones can be delineated, while soft tissue structures are evident but not clearly identifiable without an anatomical atlas. Additional three-dimensional reconstructed and maximum intensity projection images of the head were presented to depict bony structures. The anatomical structures identified on the CT images could help further assess the head of the Komodo dragon.This study aimed to describe the anatomic features of the normal head of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) identified by computed tomography. CT images were obtained in two dragons using a helical CT scanner. All sections were displayed with a bone and soft tissue windows setting. Head reconstructed, and maximum intensity projection images were obtained to enhance bony structures. After CT imaging, the images were compared with other studies and reptile anatomy textbooks to facilitate the interpretation of the CT images. Anatomic details of the head of the Komodo dragon were identified according to the CT density characteristics of the different organic tissues. This information is intended to be a useful initial anatomic reference in interpreting clinical CT imaging studies of the head and associated structures in live Komodo dragons.

Comparison of Urinary Calculi Size Between Bone and Soft Tissue Window in Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography is an important technique for imaging the urinary calculi using cross sectional images. The size and site of the calculi are significant aspect that are necessary for treatment. Therefore, present study aims to compare diameters of calculi measured using bone and soft tissue window settings in CT and also determinesmost frequent site for occurrence of calculi in urinary system. This is a retrospective study including total of 126 patients (91 males, 35 females, age range: 20-50 years). The patients who had undergone non contrast enhanced computed tomography of Kidney Ureter and Bladder (NCCT KUB) and diagnosed with urinary calculi were included in study. For each calculus found on CT image, two diameters such as maximum diameter and perpendicular diameter was measured on coronal plane using soft tissue and bone window settings. Site of calculi was also noted.To compare diameters measured using soft tissue and bone window settings Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used.Mean of maximum diameter and perpendicular diameter of the calculi measured by soft tissue and bone window settings in CT was 0.74±0.5, 0.82 ±1.8 and 0.79 ± 0.5 ,0.67 ± 0.49 respectively. It was found that there was significant difference in diameters of calculi measured using soft tissue and bone window setting (p<0.0001). The study concludes that there was mean difference of0.08 cms and 0.12 cms for maximum axial diameter and perpendicular diameter respectively measured using soft tissue and bone window settings in CT. Calculi in kidneys was most common site in our study population.

On $alpha^{*}-$continuous and contra $alpha^{*}-$continuous mappings in topological spaces with soft setting

In this work, some new connotations of continuous mappings such as $alpha^{*}$ - continuous mapping $left(alpha^{*}-C Mright),$ irresolute $alpha^{*}-$mapping $left(I alpha^{*}-C Mright),$ and strongly $alpha^{*}-$ continuous mapping $left(S alpha^{*}-C Mright)$ are studied and some of their characteristics are discussed. In other side, new some classes of contra continuous mappings are investigated in this work, they are called contra $alpha^{*}$ - continuous mapping $left(C alpha^{*}-C Mright)$.