Soft Lines Research Articles

Clinical and retention assessment of soft Liner and O-ring attachment in single implant assisted mandibular overdenture: Randomized clinical Trail.

Clinical and retention assessment of soft Liner and O-ring attachment in single implant assisted mandibular overdenture: Randomized clinical Trail.

Evaluation of rheological properties of soft lining materials with different composition under various temperatures

PurposeThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the changes the rheological properties of some soft lining materials, to compare the rheological properties and viscoelastic behaviour at different temperatures.Materials and methodsFive soft lining materials (acrylic and silicone based) were used. the storage modulus (G’), loss modulus (G”), tan delta (tan δ) and complex viscosity (η’) were chosen and for each material, measurements were repeated at 23, 33 and 37 °C, using an oscillating rheometer. All data were statistically analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and Conover’s Multiple Comparison test at the significance level of 0.05.ResultsSoft lining materials had different viscoelastic properties and most of the materials showed different rheological behavior at 23, 33 and 37 °C. At the end of the test (t¹5), at all the temperatures, Sofreliner Tough M had the highest storage modulus values while Visco Gel had the highest loss Tan delta values.ConclusionsThere were significant changes in the rheological parameters of all the materials. Also temperature affected the initial rheological properties, and polymerization reaction of all the materials, depending on temperature increase.Clinical implicationsTemperature affected the initial rheological properties, and polymerization reaction of soft denture liner materials, and clinical inferences should be drawn from such studies conducted. It can be recommended to utilize viscoelastic acrylic-based temporary soft lining materials with lower storage modulus, higher tan delta value, and high viscosity in situations where pain complaint persists and tissue stress is extremely significant, provided that they are replaced often.

Predicting superior crosses in winter wheat using genomics: A retrospective study to assess accuracy

AbstractIn plant breeding, selecting cross‐combinations that are more likely to result in superior lines for cultivar development is critical. This step, however, is subjective with decisions being based on available genomic and phenotypic data for prospective parents. Genomic prediction (GP) provides new opportunities to accelerate genetic gain for a target trait by identifying superior crosses through simulation of progeny performance. In this context, this study deployed GP using the phenotype and genotype of potential parents to predict the progeny genetic variance (VG) and means of overall, inferior 10%, and superior 10% (μ, μip, and μsp, respectively). This retrospective experimental design investigated whether the crosses that produced superior soft red winter wheat breeding lines would have been made if progeny simulations had guided crossing decisions of breeding programs. Here, data from historical wheat breeding lines were used to train GP models and predict VG and means for yield, test weight, heading date, and plant height for all combinations of 217 parents. Predicted and observed data for 670 lines derived from biparental crosses were compared to assess the accuracy of progeny simulations, and low‐to‐moderate prediction accuracy was observed for the four traits (0.25–0.52). Of the pedigrees that produced lines that were selected and advanced into later stage nurseries, 76% were predicted to give rise to progeny with above‐average yield. The moderate correlation found between predicted progeny means and observed line per se performance justifies using cross‐combination prediction as a tool to reduce crossing number and focus on segregating populations that harbor future cultivars.

Comparative evaluation of the promising lines of winter soft wheat in the south of the Rostov region

The analysis of variability of winter soft wheat lines by quantitative traits is presented. The research was conducted in 2020–2023 in the Rostov region. Seven lines of winter soft wheat of the competitive variety trial were taken as an object of research. The Ermak variety was used as a standard. The yields of the lines during the years of study averaged from 9.78 to 10.12 t/ha with an average of 9.76 t/ha in the experiment. Plant height ranged from 85.0 to 115.0 cm. All the lines studied were classified as small- to medium-grained (32.9–45.9 g) in terms of 1000 grain weight. On average for the years of study, the minimum mass of 1000 grains was formed by the line 1638/19 (34.6 g), and the maximum – by the line 1361/19 (43.5 g). The lines had different groups of ripeness according to the indicator of the earing date. The spikelet length varied from 7.3 to 10.0 cm. The highest spikelet length was formed by the line 1361/19 (10.0 cm), the shortest – by the line 1120/19 (7.3 cm). The number of productive stems ranged from 471 to 924 stems/m2. The maximum number of productive stems for the years of the study was formed by the line 1921/20 (758 pcs./m2), the minimum – by the line 1361/19 (689 pcs./m2). The number of grains per plant ranged from 61.6 to 110.6. On average, the highest number of grains per plant was formed by the line 1638/19 (100.6 pcs.), the lowest – 1343/19 (70.4 pcs.). The grain weight per plant averaged 3.54 g and ranged from 2.26 to 4.56 g. The number of grains per ear varied from 28.9 to 51.5 pieces, the maximum number was formed by the lines 1361/19 (42.7 pcs.) and 1638/19 (41.2 pcs.). In terms of the grain weight per ear the standard was exceeded by the line 1361/19 (1.93 g), the values for the indicator varied from 1.02 to 2.28 g.

Feasibility study of the shorter focusing lattice for soft X-ray undulator line at PAL-XFEL

Feasibility study of the shorter focusing lattice for soft X-ray undulator line at PAL-XFEL

Proteomic features of soft tissue tumours in adolescents and young adults

BackgroundAdolescents and young adult (AYA) patients with soft tissue tumours including sarcomas are an underserved group with disparities in treatment outcomes.MethodsTo define the molecular features between AYA and older adult (OA) patients, we analysed the proteomic profiles of a large cohort of soft tissue tumours across 10 histological subtypes (AYA n = 66, OA n = 243), and also analysed publicly available functional genomic data from soft tissue tumour cell lines (AYA n = 5, OA n = 8).ResultsBiological hallmarks analysis demonstrates that OA tumours are significantly enriched in MYC targets compared to AYA tumours. By comparing the patient-level proteomic data with functional genomic profiles from sarcoma cell lines, we show that the mRNA splicing pathway is an intrinsic vulnerability in cell lines from OA patients and that components of the spliceosome complex are independent prognostic factors for metastasis free survival in AYA patients.ConclusionsOur study highlights the importance of performing age-specific molecular profiling studies to identify risk stratification tools and targeted agents tailored for the clinical management of AYA patients.

Disinfection Ability of Ocimum sanctum Extract against Candida albicans Inoculated on Denture Resin and Soft Liner: An In Vitro Study

Disinfection Ability of Ocimum sanctum Extract against Candida albicans Inoculated on Denture Resin and Soft Liner: An In Vitro Study

ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC EFFECTS IN LUBRICATION OF JOURNAL BEARINGS UNDER TURBULENT CONDITIONS

The current paper is aimed to investigate the deformability effects of the bearing surface on the lubrication performance of cylindrical journal bearing with finite length under turbulent conditions. The bush is coated with a thin resilient layer with a smooth surface, the radial distortions of which are of the same order of magnitude as the film thickness. The elastohydrodynamic problem is studied under elasticity conditions in accordance with the plain strain hypothesis (Winkler model). The modified Reynolds equation is carried out on the base of the turbulent lubrication model of Hirs (bulk flow model). The partial differential equation is solved numerically by successive over-relaxation technique on a finite difference grid, considering different values of coating materials, lubricant viscosity, and journal speed. Results for the performance characteristics of the bearing are given for several selected values of Reynolds number and elasticity parameters of the soft liner on the bush.

Investigation of the Effect of Denture Cleaning Solutions on Surface Hardness and Surface Roughness of Soft Lining Materials

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of commercial and non-commercial agents used to clean dentures on the surface roughness and hardness of two soft lining materials. Material and Methods: A total of 50 samples were used in this study. Samples were prepared from acrylic resin (Visco Gel) and silicone-based (Molloplast B) soft lining materials. The samples’ roughness and hardness values were measured. After the samples were kept in distilled water, white vinegar, denture cleanser tablet, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 2 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, roughness and hardness values were measured again. Statistical analysis was performed using the computer program SPSS Statistics 20.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) at a 95% confidence interval and p=0.05 significance level. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were used for the statistical analysis of data. Results: The analysis of variance determined that the material type and time had a very significant effect (p<.001) on surface roughness and hardness values, while the solutions in which samples were kept had an insignificant effect (p>.05). Conclusion: The surface roughness and hardness of acrylic resin and silicone-based soft lining materials were affected by denture cleaning solutions to different extents.

Identifying specific TLS-associated genes as potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis and evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma.

The tertiary lymphatic structure (TLS) is an important component of the tumor immune microenvironment and has important significance in patient prognosis and response to immune therapy. However, the underlying mechanism of TLS in soft tissue sarcoma remains unclear. A total of 256 RNAseq and 7 single-cell sequencing samples were collected from TCGA-SARC and GSE212527 cohorts. Based on published TLS-related gene sets, four TLS scores were established by GSVA algorithm. The immune cell infiltration was calculated via TIMER2.0 and "MCPcounter" algorithms. In addition, the univariate, LASSO, and multivariate-Cox analyses were used to select TLS-related and prognosis-significant hub genes. Single-cell sequencing dataset, clinical immunohistochemical, and cell experiments were utilized to validate the hub genes. In this study, four TLS-related scores were identified, and the total-gene TLS score more accurately reflected the infiltration level of TLS in STS. We further established two hub genes (DUSP9 and TNFSF14) prognosis markers and risk scores associated with soft tissue sarcoma prognosis and immune therapy response. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the amount of CD3, CD8, CD19, and CD11c positive immune cell infiltration in the tumor tissue dedifferentiated liposarcoma patients was significantly higher than that of liposarcoma patients. Cytological experiments showed that soft tissue sarcoma cell lines overexpressing TNFSF14 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of sarcoma cells. This study systematically explored the TLS and related genes from the perspectives of bioinformatics, clinical features and cytology experiments. The total-gene TLS score, risk score and TNFSF14 hub gene may be useful biomarkers for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy of soft tissue sarcoma.

Mapping the intracluster medium in the era of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy

ABSTRACT High-resolution spectroscopy in soft X-rays will open a new window to map multiphase gas in galaxy clusters and probe physics of the intracluster medium (ICM), including chemical enrichment histories, circulation of matter and energy during large-scale structure evolution, stellar and black hole feedback, halo virialization, and gas mixing processes. An eV-level spectral resolution, large field of view, and effective area are essential to separate cluster emissions from the Galactic foreground and efficiently map the cluster outskirts. Several mission concepts that meet these criteria have been proposed recently, e.g. LEM, HUBS, and Super DIOS. This theoretical study explores what information on ICM physics could be recovered with such missions and the associated challenges. We emphasize the need for a comprehensive comparison between simulations and observations to interpret the high-resolution spectroscopic observations correctly. Using Line Emission Mapper (LEM) characteristics as an example, we demonstrate that it enables the use of soft X-ray emission lines (e.g. O vii/viii and Fe-L complex) from the cluster outskirts to measure the thermodynamic, chemical, and kinematic properties of the gas up to r200 and beyond. By generating mock observations with full backgrounds, analysing their images/spectra with observational approaches, and comparing the recovered characteristics with true ones from simulations, we develop six key science drivers for future missions, including the exploration of multiphase gas in galaxy clusters (e.g. temperature fluctuations, phase-space distributions), metallicity, ICM gas bulk motions and turbulence power spectra, ICM-cosmic filament interactions, and advances for cluster cosmology.

Examining the Impact of Incorporating Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Surface Roughness, Surface Hardness, Tensile Strength, and Shear Bond Strength of Chairside Room Temperature Silicone-based Soft Denture Liners: An In-Vitro Study

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of the addition of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the surface roughness, surface hardness, tensile strength, and shear bond strength of chairside room temperature silicone-based soft denture liners. Methods: SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were added to the soft liner in different concentrations: 0% (control group), 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight; surface roughness was measured by profilometer, surface hardness, tensile strength, and shear strength were measured by Instron testing machine. Results: Statistically significant differences were found among study groups regarding surface roughness (p = 0.01), surface hardness (p < 0.0001), tensile bond strength (p = 0.002), and shear bond strength (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The addition of 1.5% SiO2NPs demonstrated an enhancement in shear stress and tensile strength with a decrease in surface hardness and did not affect surface roughness.

Establishment of a novel canine soft tissue sarcoma cell line and comparison of its characteristics with other soft tissue sarcoma cell lines

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a relatively common tumor in dogs. However, very few canine STS cell lines are available. This study aimed to establish a new cell line, STS-YU1, derived from a recurrence of myxosarcoma in an 11-year-old mixed-breed dog. We examined STS-YU1 for in vitro cell proliferation, migration, anticancer drug sensitivity, transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq), and in vivo tumorigenicity in mice and compared it with previously established STS cell lines, MUMA-G and A72. The cell proliferation and migration of STS-YU1 were higher than MUMA-G although MUMA-G only exhibited tumorigenicity in mice. STS-YU1 showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity to anticancer drugs, but with weak effects. RNA-seq analysis revealed the molecular phenotype of STS-YU1 was different from that of a previously reported cell line, A72. Hence, the use of STS-YU1 would help in efficient drug screening against canine STS in vitro.

Optimized Unsymmetrical Per-Phase Droop for Soft Line Switching of Reconfigurable Unbalanced Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrid

Optimized Unsymmetrical Per-Phase Droop for Soft Line Switching of Reconfigurable Unbalanced Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrid

The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cells.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural amino acid and a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Following light irradiation, the PpIX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of oxygen. Increased ROS levels can cause apoptotic cell death and necrosis of targeted cancer cells. This study examined whether photodynamic therapy using 5ALA (5-ALA PDT) could be used as a potential adjuvant therapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The human osteosarcoma (143B), mouse osteosarcoma (LM8), human fibrosarcoma cell (HT1080) cell lines were used. In vitro, cultured cells were exposed to 5-ALA at various concentrations followed by strobe scope light irradiation for 10 min as 5-ALA PDT. Cell viability was then measured. In vivo, each tumor cell line was inoculated subcutaneously into the backs of mice. In the 5-ALA PDT group, 5-ALA (250 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally followed by light irradiation. Change in tumor volume by 5-ALA PDT were primarily evaluated. In vitro, treatment of sarcoma cells with 100 and 200 μg/ml 5-ALA PDT significantly inhibited cell proliferation at 24 and 48 h compared with the group treated with 0 and 10 μg/ml 5-ALA PDT. In vivo, in all cell lines, a significant inhibition of the tumor volume was observed in the 5-ALA-PDT group as compared to that in control, strobe scope light, and 5-ALA groups. 5-ALA PDT effectively inhibited proliferation of bone and soft tissue sarcoma cell lines. Further in vivo research using other subtypes of bone and soft tissue sarcoma is warranted to confirm the applicability in the clinical setting.

A Temporary Acrylic Soft Denture Lining Material Enriched with Silver-Releasing Filler-Cytotoxicity, Mechanical and Antifungal Properties.

Colonization of temporary denture soft linings and underlying tissues by yeast-like fungi is an important clinical problem due to the negative influence on the process of prosthetic treatment. Typical hygienic procedures are often insufficient to prevent fungal infections, so in this study, an antimicrobial filler (silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate) was introduced into acrylic soft liner at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% (w/w). The effect of this modification on antifungal properties against Candida albicans, cytotoxicity, Shore A hardness, tensile strength and tensile bond strength, sorption and solubility was investigated, considering the recommended 30-day period of temporary soft lining use. The most favorable compilation of properties was obtained at a 1 to 6% filler content, for which nearly a total reduction in Candida albicans was registered even after 30 days of sample storing. The tensile and bond strength of these composites was at the desired and stable level and did not differ from the results for the control material. Hardness increased with the increasing concentration in filler but were within the range typical for soft lining materials and their changes during the experiment were similar to the control material. The materials were not cytotoxic and sorption and solubility levels were stable.

Low-Temperature X-ray Microanalysis Sheds New Light on Mineral Nutrition Aspects of Insect Leaf Galling.

Manipulation of host plant physiology by leaf-galling insects is a multifaceted process. Among fundamental knowledge gaps surrounding this scientifically intriguing phenomenon is the appropriation of plant mineral nutrients and moisture for galling advantage. Small, soluble mineral ions and watery cell contents in dense gall tissues risk disruption during routine sample preparations. In this study, an X-ray microanalysis was applied to investigate gall mineral nutrition. Morphologically diverse leaf galls were sampled from three Australian rainforest tree species. Using cryo-analytical scanning electron microscopy, real-time X-ray analytical maps of cellular mineral nutrients and water were integrated with anatomical images of gall and leaf cross-sectional surfaces. A comparison of host-leaf and gall anatomies bore direct evidence of drastic changes to leaf cells through the galling process. Distinct "wet" and "dry" regions within galls were anatomically and/or chemically differentiated, suggesting specific functionality. "Wet" regions comprising hydrated cells including soft gall-cavity linings where larvae are known to feed contained soluble plant mineral nutrients, while C-rich "dry" tissues largely devoid of mineral nutrients likely contribute structural support. Mapping immobile nutrients such as Mn may provide a means of "matching" specific gall cell types to those in ungalled host-leaf tissues. The findings here provided otherwise inaccessible insights into leaf-gall mineral nutrition.

The Effect of Exposure to Candida Albicans Suspension on the Properties of Silicone Dental Soft Lining Material.

While functioning in the oral cavity, denture soft linings (SL) are exposed to contact with the microbiota. Dentures can offer perfect conditions for the multiplication of pathogenic yeast-like fungi, resulting in rapid colonisation of the surface of the materials used. In vitro experiments have also shown that yeast may penetrate SL. This may lead to changes in their initially beneficial functional properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of three months of exposure to a Candida albicans suspension on the mechanical properties of SL material and its bond strength to the denture base polymer, and to additionally verify previous reports of penetration using a different methodology. Specimens of the SL material used were incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days in a suspension of Candida albicans strain (ATCC 10231). Their shore A hardness, tensile strength, and bond strength to acrylic resin were tested. The colonization of the surface and penetration on fractured specimens were analysed with scanning electron and inverted fluorescence microscopes. Exposure to yeast did not affect the mechanical properties. The surfaces of the samples were colonised, especially in crystallized structures of the medium; however, the penetration of hyphae and blastospores into the material was not observed.

Effect of Tea Tree Oil Addition to Denture Liners Against Candida albicans and Bond Strength to Acrylic Denture Bases.

To evaluate the effect of adding tea tree oil to denture liners on Candida albicans and bond strength to the acrylic denture base. Disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from silicone-based resilient liner (Tokuyama, Molloplast), acrylic-based hard liner (GC Reline), and acrylic-based soft liner (Visco-gel). Tea tree oil (TTO) was incorporated into the liners at varying concentrations (0% [control], 2%, 5%, 8%). C albicans were counted by viable colony count, and optical density (OD) was measured with a spectrophotometer. The tensile strength to heat polymerized acrylic denture base was measured in a universal testing machine. The compliance of the data to the distribution of normality was evaluated using the Shapiro Wilk test. Two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni correction, and paired sample t test were performed (α = .05). The addition of TTO into liners provided a significant decrease in the OD values (P < .001). The control groups of the liners presented the highest colony counts, whereas increasing TTO decreased the results (P < .01). According to tensile bond strength test, 8% TTO addition resulted in a significant decrease for Tokuyama (P < .01) and Molloplast liners (P < .05), while 2% TTO resulted in significance for GC Reline (P < .001). Denture liners containing increasing percentages of TTO presented lower amounts of C albicans colonies and decreased bond strength to the denture bases. When using TTO for its antifungal properties, the amount added should be carefully selected because the tensile bond strength may be affected.

Evaluation of Effect the Incorporation of The Virgin Coconut Oil on Thermal Conductivity of Heat-Cure Acrylic Soft Denture Lining Materials

Background: The main disadvantage of soft liners is the low thermal conductivity between the denture base and soft liner material.Aim: The present study aims to estimate the impact of adding virgin coconut oil (1.5% vol and 2.5% vol) to a soft acrylic liner material in a thermal conductivity test.Material and Methods: For this project, we did 30 pieces of acrylic soft liner material. The specimens were divided into three groups: 10 control group specimens that only contained the soft liner material, 10 specimens mixed with virgin coconut oil at a volume of 1.5% with the soft liner material, and 10 specimens mixed with virgin coconut oil at a volume of 2.5% with the soft liner material. Equipment in the Technologies, Department used to conduct thermal conductivity tests. 40mm diameter and 2.5mm thickness thermal conductivity specimens were prepared.Results: Using static analysis, data showed that the soft liner with the highest thermal conductivity contained virgin coconut oil at a volume of 2.5% compared to the soft liner containing virgin coconut oil at a volume of 1.5%, and the control group, the results revealed p &lt; 0.01.Conclusion: Thermal conductivity is increased when virgin coconut oil (2.5% by volume) is incorporated into the soft acrylic liner material.