Sodium Phytate Research Articles

Green self-templated synthesis of P-doped mesoporous carbon from dual sodium salts with improved average pore size for capacitive deionization

Mesoporous carbon materials hold significant potential in capacitive deionization (CDI) technology owing to expansive accessible surface area, more adaptable pore structure, excellent conductivity properties and effective surface modification and functionalization. While templating is a common method for synthesizing mesoporous carbons, the commonly used hard and soft templating approaches among them suffer from the challenges of expensive precursors and templating agents, complex procedures, secondary contaminants and difficulties in template removal. In contrast, the self-templating method not only circumvents the traditional template removal or combustion steps but also eliminates the use of organic solvents and hazardous chemicals, thus minimizing environmental impact. In this paper, we have successfully synthesized phosphorus-doped mesoporous carbon with a large average pore size (paver) using a green and convenient self-templating method employing dual sodium salts of sodium alginate (SA) and sodium phytate (SP). Compared to single SA (6.76 nm) or SP (3.74 nm) self-templated carbonization, the average pore size of carbon materials obtained from dual self-templated carbonization with a proportional mixture (12.97 nm) is significantly improved. The larger average pore size provides a greater surface area for electrode-electrolyte interactions, allowing for easier access and faster diffusion of ions into the pores, thereby enhancing the electrochemical and capacitive deionization properties of the material. The resulting material demonstrates promising electrochemical and desalination performance as evidenced by possessing a specific capacitance of 175.8 A/g and an adsorption capacity of 19.65 mg/g, underlining its potential for application in capacitive deionization utilizing mesoporous carbon materials with large average pore size.

Thermally-switchable adsorbent for selective uranium extraction from wastewater

Uranium extraction from uranium-containing wastewater is a promising solution to the uranium resource shortage, but the extraction process faces significant challenges such as poor selectivity, low elution efficiency, and recovery difficulties. In this study, we developed thermally responsive uranium ion-imprinted magnetic mesoporous microspheres (Fe3O4@mSiO2@FIIP) using polymer F-127 as a thermosensitive switch and sodium phytate as a crosslinking monomer, enabling effective uranium recovery from uranium-containing wastewater. By adjusting the adsorption and elution temperatures, Fe3O4@mSiO2@FIIP achieved higher adsorption selectivity and elution efficiency compared to ion-imprinted magnetic mesoporous microspheres without F-127 (Fe3O4@mSiO2@IIP). Additionally, Fe3O4@mSiO2@FIIP demonstrated superior selectivity for uranium ions over other cations compared to non-imprinted magnetic mesoporous microspheres (Fe3O4@mSiO2@NIP). It exhibited excellent salt resistance, reaching adsorption equilibrium within 60 min with a maximum adsorption capacity of 529.5 mg/g. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic assessment (TEA) indicated that Fe3O4@mSiO2@FIIP is more environmentally friendly and economically feasible for treating uranium-containing wastewater. This study provides a new paradigm for synthesizing thermosensitive imprinting materials, holding significant potential for uranium recovery applications.

The whitening effect of toothpaste contained 0.8750% Sodium phytate

The whitening effect of toothpaste contained 0.8750% Sodium phytate

Eco-friendly flame retardant comprising chitosan-based effectively enhances the flame retardancy of wood with low weight percent gain

Nowadays, there are many types of flame retardants, whether halogenated or halogen-free, that can improve the flame retardancy of wood. However, they continue to pose a significant threat to our environment and cause a substantial increase in the weight gain rates after treatment. It is highly desirable yet challenging to develop an eco-friendly and efficient flame retardant with low weight gain rates. Here, we report a simple and fast process for making eco-friendly flame retardants (chitosan, gelatin, sodium phytate and clay) with weight gain rates of 3.7 %, which form excellent flame retardancy systems. This method can be used to create a 53.5 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) an 189 % increase in ignition time (cone colorimeter), and a 71.9 % reduction in peak temperature (alcohol spray lamps) compared to raw wood. The results displayed that the effect of flame retardancy (Decreased ratio for pHRR/Weight percent gain) was the best in the past three years. In addition, the flame retardancy mechanism is thoroughly analyzed using the techniques of Raman and so on. This study proposes a novel strategy featured by eco-friendly and simple preparation process for enhancing the flame retardancy of wood in important areas.

Preparation of Antistatic Polyester Fiber via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly

Polyester fibers tend to generate static electricity during the weaving and application processes, posing a threat to their production. Enhancing the water absorbency and electrical conductivity of polyester fibers themselves is an effective approach to improving their antistatic properties. In this study, multifunctional chitosan (CS), sodium phytate (SP), and Cu2+ were loaded on polyester fibers through layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly. The antistatic and water absorption capability of the modified polyester fibers was investigated by designing different process parameters combined with a surface resistance test and water contact angle tests. The antistatic property test results confirmed the positive effect of CS and Cu2+ on discharging electrostatic charge. Within a definite scope, with the increase in the number of assembly layers, assembly duration, and the concentration of the assembly substances, the wettability of the modified polyester fibers became more favorable and the antistatic effect became more remarkable.

Chrysalis-inspired high-toughness low-modulus conductive hydrogel sensor for intelligent sensing

Hydrogels displaying both high toughness and flexibility hold substantial practical value. However, it has been challenging to achieve these properties simultaneously. To address this challenge, we developed a special structure hydrogel named PAB-S inspired by chrysalis shell. Astragalus polysaccharide (AP) was copolymerized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and betaine hydrochloride (BH) to prepare a low-modulus hydrogel, PAB. Subsequently, surface modification of the PAB hydrogel using sodium phytate (SP) resulted in the formation of the “shell” structured PAB-S hydrogel. The fracture strength of the shell-structured hydrogel increased by about 0.8 MPa. Meanwhile, PAB-S had a maximum tensile strain of 418 %, a toughness of 6.82 MJ/m3, and a modulus of elasticity of approximately 0.6 MPa. In addition, PAB-S hydrogel offers high strain sensitivity (GF up to 4.7), ultra-low response time of 20 ms. Finally, leveraging 2.4G communication technology and a deep learning (1D-CNN) algorithm, advanced functionalities such as wireless remote intelligent control, and deep learning-based finger grip disorder identification were realized using the PAB-S hydrogel sensor. The PAB-S hydrogel sensor holds promising prospects for applications in fields including deep learning, intelligent sensing, medical rehabilitation, and human–machine synchronization.

Spray drying of a zinc complexing agent for inhalation therapy of pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis, a disabling lung disease, results from the fibrotic transformation of lung tissue. This fibrotic transformation leads to a deterioration of lung capacity, resulting in significant respiratory distress and a reduction in overall quality of life. Currently, the frontline treatment of pulmonary fibrosis remains limited, focusing primarily on symptom relief and slowing disease progression. Bacterial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are contributing to a severe progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Phytic acid, a natural chelator of zinc, which is essential for the activation of metalloproteinase enzymes involved in pulmonary fibrosis, shows potential inhibition of LasB, a virulence factor in P. aeruginosa, and mammalian metalloproteases (MMPs). In addition, phytic acid has anti-inflammatory properties believed to result from its ability to capture free radicals, inhibit certain inflammatory enzymes and proteins, and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, key signaling molecules that promote inflammation. To achieve higher local concentrations in the deep lung, phytic acid was spray dried into an inhalable powder. Challenges due to its hygroscopic and low melting (25 °C) nature were mitigated by converting it to sodium phytate to improve crystallinity and powder characteristics. The addition of leucine improved aerodynamic properties and reduced agglomeration, while mannitol served as carrier matrix. Size variation was achieved by modifying process parameters and were evaluated by tools such as the Next Generation Impactor (NGI), light diffraction methods, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An inhibition assay for human MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and MMP-2 (gelatinase A) allowed estimation of the biological effect on tissue remodeling enzymes. The activity was also assessed with respect to inhibition of bacterial LasB. The formulated phytic acid demonstrated an IC50 of 109.7 µg/mL for LasB with viabilities > 80 % up to 188 µg/mL on A549 cells. Therefore, inhalation therapy with phytic acid-based powder shows promise as a treatment for early-stage Pseudomonas-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Linear and nonlinear interfacial rheology of responsive microgels at the oil-water interface

Microgelation can significantly enhance the interfacial activity of polysaccharide and the ability to stabilize emulsion, but the interfacial behaviour of microgels and the intrinsic mechanism of stabilizing emulsion is not fully understood. In this study, chitosan microgels (h-CSMs) with uniform size were successfully prepared by electrostatic crosslinking hydrophobically modified chitosan (h-CS) with sodium phytate (SP) using microfluidic technique. The microfluidic conditions for fabricating of h-CSM were optimized: the mass ratio of h-CS: SP = 5: 1 with h-CS concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, and the pressure ratio of Ph-CS (Pa):PSP (Pa) = 1600:1000. The prepared h-CSMs were pH-responsive, with a swollen state at pH 5 and a shrunken state at pH 3 and 7. Further, the interfacial adsorption kinetics, and the interfacial rheology particularly the nonlinear interfacial rheology were systematically studied. The instantaneous Si-factor was proposed to describe the nonlinear responses of the microgel interface during an individual dilatational oscillation cycle. The results showed that microgelation significantly improved the interfacial ability of chitosan molecules at the oil-water interface. The h-CSM interface exhibited strain-softening response during extension and strain-hardening response during compression. The interface formed by h-CSMs under the swollen state had higher viscoelastic modulus, lower degree of nonlinearity and higher emulsifying capacity compared to that formed under the shrinking state. Low ionic strength significantly increased the viscoelastic modulus and reduced the nonlinearity and enhanced emulsifying capacity of the h-CSM interface, whereas high ionic strength disrupted the interaction between the h-CSMs and increased the nonlinear of the h-CSM interface due to too strong electrostatic screening effect.

Safety Assessment of Polyol Phosphates as Used in Cosmetics.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 10 polyol phosphates. Some of the possible functions in cosmetics that are reported for this ingredient group are chelating agents, oral care agents, and skin conditioning agents. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations, and concluded that Sodium Phytate, Phytic Acid, Phytin, and Trisodium Inositol Triphosphate are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment. The Panel also concluded that the data are insufficient to determine the safety of the following 6 ingredients as used in cosmetics: Disodium Glucose Phosphate, Manganese Fructose Diphosphate, Sodium Mannose Phosphate, Trisodium Fructose Diphosphate, Xylityl Phosphate, and Zinc Fructose Diphosphate.

Enhancing fire performance and thermal stability of flexible PVC with lanthanum phytate montmorillonite

This study presents a breakthrough approach to enhance the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of flexible PVC (fPVC). It introduces lanthanide phytate montmorillonite (Pa-La-Mt) as an innovative nanofiller. Pa-La-Mt was synthesized by intercalating sodium phytate and lanthanum chloride into the interlayer space of montmorillonite (Mt), effectively increasing the layer spacing. The analysis of this study, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), confirmed this structural transformation. The influence of Pa-La-Mt on the structural and performance aspects of fPVC composites was thoroughly examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical testing, limit oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimeter (CONE) revealed compelling outcomes. Pa-La-Mt not only improved the dispersion and compatibility of Mt. within the fPVC matrix but also enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical performance of fPVC composites. Most notably, Pa-La-Mt exhibited remarkable flame retardant and smoke suppression effects on fPVC composites. It led to a substantial increase in LOI value, a reduction in the peak heat release rate and total heat release amount, and a decrease in CO and CO2 emissions. This underlines Pa-La-Mt as a promising nanofiller with profound implications for various fPVC applications.

Chitosan Phytate Nanoparticles: A Synergistic Strategy for Effective Dental Caries Prevention.

Dental caries is a widespread oral disease that poses a significant medical challenge. Traditional caries prevention methods, primarily the application of fluoride, often fall short in effectively destroying biofilms and preventing enamel demineralization, thereby providing limited efficacy in halting the progression of caries over time. To address this issue, we have developed a green and cost-effective synergistic strategy for the prevention of dental caries. By combining natural sodium phytate and chitosan, we have created chitosan-sodium phytate nanoparticles that offer both the antimicrobial properties of chitosan and the enamel demineralization-inhibiting capabilities of sodium phytate. In an ex vivo biofilm model of human teeth, we found that these nanoparticles effectively prevent biofilm buildup and acid damage to the mineralized tissue. Additionally, topical treatment of dental caries in rodent models has shown that these nanoparticles effectively suppress disease progression without negatively impacting oral microbiota diversity or causing harm to the gingival-mucosal tissues, unlike traditional prevention methods.

DIVERSITY AND PHYTATE-DEGRADING POTENTIAL OF YEAST MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM SOURDOUGH

Phytases, which perform the stepwise hydrolysis of phytic acid to myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate, are used worldwide to reduce phosphorus pollution and improve nutrition in monogastric animals and humans. Yeasts isolated from their natural environments represent rich and still underexplored sources of industrially valuable enzymes, including phytases; therefore, they are widely studied for the production of these enzymes. In this regard, thirteen yeast pure cultures were isolated from the microbial consortium of four types of sourdough obtained during the natural fermentation of different grain-based flours. Ten of the newly isolated yeast strains were selected as potential phytase producers based on their growth in liquid culture media with sodium phytate as the sole source of phosphorus. Using 18S rDNA and D1/D2 26S rDNA analyses, the species affiliation of the selected isolates was established. They referred to seven yeast species from 3 families, with the most significant representation of the family Saccharomycetaceae.Intracellular phytate-degrading activity was found in 8 isolates, the highest being in Nakaseomyces glabratus strain 7-4. The highest level of extracellular phytase was measured in Pichia membranifaciens strain 5-2. Both isolates showed significant antioxidant capacity higher than those of ascorbic acid.

Impact of surface delignification on fire retardancy of wood treated with polyelectrolyte complexes.

Wood is a natural composite widely employed as a residential building interior finishing. Although wood is readily available and offers benefits to the occupants, such as enhanced well-being, it is rarely employed in commercial construction due, amongst others, to the potential hazard offire propagation. The application of flame retardant (FR)treatments leads to a reduction of wood flammability andsupports wood as interior finishing. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) deposition is an innovative surface treatment that has already proven its efficiency for fabrics. Forwood, recent studies have highlighted that the weight gain impacted the fire-retardancy, and a minimum of 2 wt.-%was set to obtain fire protection. This study explored the potential of surface delignification to activate the woodsurface and facilitate the PEC impregnation. Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis, Britt.) was surface delignified (0.3 mm) using sodium chlorite. The treatment impact on wood was evaluated by spectroscopy analysis (FTIR, Raman), and the increase in wood wettability was demonstrated (contact angle decreases from 50° to 35° after the surface delignification). Then, PECs consisting of polyethyleneimine and sodium phytate were surface impregnated in wood anddelignified wood. The flame retardancy was evaluated using a cone calorimeter. Despite the increase in weight gain(1.5 wt.-%±0.3 wt.-% to 4.3 wt.-%±2.5 wt.-%), fire performance was not improved. This study demonstrates that lignin strongly affects char formation, even in the presence of PECs.

Upgrading of talc-bearing copper-nickel sulfide ore by froth flotation using sodium phytate as depressant

Copper-nickel sulfide ores, as important sources of copper and nickel metals, always have large amount of clay-type gangue minerals like talc. In this work, selective flotation of copper-nickel sulfide ore was achieved by using a selective depressant of sodium phytate. Microscale flotation results show that sodium phytate can selectively and effectively depress talc flotation, but has a minor effect on the floatability of chalcopyrite and pentlandite. In batch-scale flotation tests of feed ore, containing 0.35% Cu, 0.68% Ni and 24.57% MgO, potassium butyl xanthate was employed as the collector in rougher (200 g/t), scavenger-1 (100 g/t), scavenger-2 (50 g/t) and scavenger-3 (25 g/t), and sodium phytate depressant was used in rougher (300 g/t) and cleaner-1 (100 g/t) stages of closed-circuit flotation to obtain a concentrate containing 2.66% Cu (79.7% recovery), 5.38% Ni (83.01% recovery), and only 6.39% MgO. The contact angle analysis showed that sodium phytate significantly improved the hydrophilicity of talc, but it only slightly increased the hydrophilicity of chalcopyrite and nickelpyrite. The FTIR and XPS tests showed that chemisorption of sodium phytate occurred on talc surface by the interaction between P-O/PO and Mg active sites. This work indicates that sodium phytate has strong potential as an inhibitor for the selective separation of talc from copper-nickel sulfide ores.

Efficiency of sodium phytate in the remediation of As, Mn, and Cu contamination in acid mine drainage using water hyacinth

The accumulation and uptake efficiency of heavy metals, including As, Mn, and Cu, in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) grown in synthetic acidic wastewater supplemented with sodium phytate (SP) was examined. Three treatments were studied using synthetic acidic wastewater containing 0.25, 5.0, and 1.0 mg/L of As, Mn, and Cu, respectively, (SM + heavy metals) and having pH in the range of 4–6, which comprised of (1) control treatments using SM + heavy metals at pH 4, 5, 6 without SP, and treatments using SM + heavy metals at pH 4, 5, 6 with SP: Cu (2) in a 1:3 M ratio and (3) a 1:6 M ratio. The translocation factor (TF < 1) indicated that plants had a lower capacity to transport heavy metals from the roots to the stems. The shoots of water hyacinth exhibited the highest capacity to absorb and store As in the pH 4-treatment with SP (SP:Cu1:3 mol), whereas the roots showed the greatest capacity at pH 4 without SP. The roots and shoots of the water hyacinth showed the greatest capacity to take up and store Mn in the pH 5-treatment with a 1:3 M ratio of SP:Cu. The roots showed the greatest capacity to take up and store Cu in the pH 6-treatment, and the shoots showed the highest capability in the pH 5-treatment with 1:3 M ratio of SP:Cu. Moreover, analysis of the chemical forms revealed that As accumulated in the arsenate form, whereas Mn accumulated in the divalent form.

Deep eutectic solvent-assisted self-healing and anti-freezing composite hydrogels regulated by sodium phytate for wearable sensors

Stretchable conductive hydrogels with high strain sensitivity have become hot topics in the area of wearable flexible devices. However, practical applications are limited by their weak mechanical properties and high-water content, especially under low temperature conditions. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are known as green solvents owing to the great conductivity, stability and biocompatibility. Although some functional gels have been designed assisted by DES, it has remained a significant challenge to construct composite gels containing DES with various properties. Here, we designed self-healing, stretchable and conductive composite hydrogels based on sodium phytate and DES (acrylic acid/choline chloride). The mechanical, self-healing, conductivity properties and transparency of the resulting gels could be adjusted by the content of sodium phytate. A simple device for information encryption display was built by using the transparency change of the gels. Moreover, flexible strain sensor based on gels could detect human movement like finger bending, facial expressions even human pulse after exercise. In addition, the strain sensor could be used at low temperatures of − 20 °C and still possess great sensitivity after self-healing.

Application of microencapsulated fibrous carrier inhibitors in suppressing flake aluminum dust explosion: Performance and mechanism

Flake aluminum powder (FAl), due to its larger specific surface area and higher reactivity, posing a potential threat to the process safety of involved enterprises. To mitigate the explosion caused during the production of FAl, a green composite inhibitor, Sep@CS@PA-Na, was successfully prepared in the aqueous phase using microencapsulation technology with sepiolite (Sep), chitosan (CS), and sodium phytate (PA-Na) as raw materials. The suppression of FAl explosions in a vertical combustion duct system by inhibitors with different inerting ratios (α) was investigated. The results showed that after adding Sep@CS@PA-Na with an α of 0.75, the maximum flame propagation velocity (Vmax), the average flame velocity (Vavg), and the velocity of the flame reaching the pipeline top (Vtop) decreased by 79.6%, 75.1%, and 86.2%, respectively, and the reduction of the maximum flame front pressure (Pmax) and the maximum flame pressure rise rate ((dP/dt)max) were 90.4% and 89.8%, respectively, and the peak temperature (Tp) dropped to 505°C. Combined with TG-DSC and explosion product analysis, Sep@CS@PA-Na possessed both gas-phase reaction and surface reaction suppression functions, which were mainly reflected in the dilution effect, quenching effect, and barrier effect. This work will provide technical support for the emergency prevention and control of energetic metal dust explosions.

Ultrafast removal of organics via peroxymonosulfate activation over Co2P/TD hollow spheres derived from ZIF-67.

Co2P/tetrasodium diphosphate (TD) derived from ZIF-67/sodium phytate was newly developed and synthesized, and exhibited excellent degradation ability toward various refractory organics via peroxymonosulfate activation. A corresponding reaction mechanism was proposed. In addition, a continuous-flow operation of phenol degradation was realized.

A Chelating‐Agent‐Passivated Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Reproducibility

AbstractSubstandard printing quality of electron transport layers (ETLs) always leads to non‐ideal nucleation crystallization and bottom interface contact of the perovskite, followed by the formation of poor‐quality perovskite films with severe heterogeneity, which is the major source of non‐radiative recombination loss and environmental sensitivity of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). These often result in serious photovoltaic performance loss, significant instability, and negative fabrication reproducibility. Herein, sodium phytate is proposed as a chelating agent for passivating the tin oxide (SnO2) ETLs to enable the stabilization of SnO2 nanoparticles and facilitate the printing of pinhole‐free films, thereby realizing the controlled nucleation crystallization in perovskite precursor. Thus, the printed PVSCs exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency up to 23.77% with negligible hysteresis effect. The unencapsulated devices demonstrate outstanding long‐term stability, which maintains over 80% of their initial efficiency under exposure to atmospheric environment (50% relative humidity) for 1500 hours, and a consistent and centralized distribution of efficiencies across all seasons, indicating their good reproducibility in diverse climatic atmospheres.

Phenotypic, genomic and in planta characterization of Bacillus sensu lato for their phosphorus biofertilization and plant growth promotion features in soybean

Bacillus sensu lato were screened for their capacity to mineralize organic phosphorus (P) and promote plant growth, improving nitrogen (N) and P nutrition of soybean. Isolates were identified through Type Strain Genome Server (TYGS) and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). ILBB95, ILBB510 and ILBB592 were identified as Priestia megaterium, ILBB139 as Bacillus wiedmannii, ILBB44 as a member of a sister clade of B. pumilus, ILBB15 as Peribacillus butanolivorans and ILBB64 as Lysinibacillus sp. These strains were evaluated for their capacity to mineralize sodium phytate as organic P and solubilize inorganic P in liquid medium. These assays ranked ILBB15 and ILBB64 with the highest orthophosphate production from phytate. Rhizocompetence and plant growth promotion traits were evaluated in vitro and in silico. Finally, plant bioassays were conducted to assess the effect of the co-inoculation with rhizobial inoculants on nodulation, N and P nutrition. These bioassays showed that B. pumilus, ILBB44 and P. megaterium ILBB95 increased P-uptake in plants on the poor substrate of sand:vermiculite and also on a more fertile mix. Priestia megaterium ILBB592 increased nodulation and N content in plants on the sand:vermiculite:peat mixture. Peribacillus butanolivorans ILBB15 reduced plant growth and nutrition on both substrates. Genomes of ILBB95 and ILBB592 were characterized by genes related with plant growth and biofertilization, whereas ILBB15 was differentiated by genes related to bioremediation. Priestia megaterium ILBB592 is considered as nodule-enhancing rhizobacteria and together with ILBB95, can be envisaged as prospective PGPR with the capacity to exert positive effects on N and P nutrition of soybean plants.