Sodium P-styrenesulfonate Research Articles

An electroanalytical method for the determination of phentolamine mesilate at a PSS-MWCNT modified glassy carbon electrode

This paper reports a simple approach for the determination of phentolamine mesilate (PM) using a poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)-multi-wall carbon nanotube (PSS-MWCNT) modified glassy carbon electrode. PSS-MWCNTs were synthesised via a moderate one-step non-covalent reaction between MWCNTs and PSS. Compared with purified MWCNTs (p-MWCNTs), the introduction of PSS improved the dispersion of MWCNTs and increased the accumulation capability of PM. As a result, the detection sensitivity for PM was greatly enhanced at this voltammetric sensor. The electrochemical properties of PM were first investigated in detail and a reaction mechanism was proposed. Utilizing linear sweep voltammetry, a low detection limit (3.0 × 10−8 mol L−1) and a wide linear range (8.0 × 10−8 mol L−1–6.0 × 10−6 mol L−1) were achieved by the proposed sensor. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of real-life samples.

Investigation of synthesized polymer on the rheological and filtration performance of water-based drilling fluid system

Based on the molecular structure requirement of the synthesized polymer resistant to higher temperature and the lower cost demand of water-based drilling fluid system, a kind of synthesized polymer Poly(SSS/AM/AMPS) was prepared by using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AM) and sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) through inverse emulsion polymerization. Firstly, the molecular structure, molecular weight distribution and thermal stability were studied. Secondly, the Poly(SSS/AM/AMPS) was introduced into water-based drilling fluid system. As a result, when adding amount is 1.2 wt%, it was found that the water drilling fluids is more fitted to the Herschel - Bulkley flow model. Besides, before and after thermal aging test, the FLAPI of drilling fluid system is 9.20 and 9.40 mL, respectively. Moreover, it was shown that the higher temperature resistance of drilling fluid system was also improved, and the operation cost was decreased. Furthermore, the results of adsorption analysis, zeta potential method and morphology analysis shows that Poly(SSS/AM/AMPS) improves the filtration properties of drilling fluid system by absorption and physical plugging.

Mimicking a Dog's Nose: Scrolling Graphene Nanosheets.

Inspired by the densely covered capillary structure inside a dog's nose, we report an artificial nanostructure, i. e., poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanoscrolls (PGNS), with high structural perfection and efficient gas sensing applications. A facile supramolecular assembly is introduced to functionalize graphene with the functional polymer, combined with the lyophilization technique to massively transform the planar graphene-based nanosheets to nanoscrolls. Detailed characterizations reveal that the bioinspired nanoscrolls exhibit a wide-open tubular morphology with uniform dimensions that is structurally distinct from the previously reported ones. The detailed morphologies of the graphene-based nanosheets in each scrolling stage during lyophilization are monitored by cryo-SEM. This unravels an asymmetric polymer-induced graphene scrolling mechanism including the corresponding scrolling process, which is directly presented by molecular dynamics simulations. The fabricated PGNS sensors exhibit superior gas sensing performance with reliable repeatability, excellent linear sensibility, and, especially, an ultrahigh response ( Ra/ Rg = 5.39, 10 ppm) toward NO2. The supramolecular assembly combined with the lyophilization technique to fabricate PGNS provides a strategy to design biomimetic materials for gas sensors and chemical trace detectors.

Poly (sodium p-styrene sulfonate) modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles as effective additives in water-based drilling fluids

In this work, a series of low solid phase, economic and excellent performance water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) were obtained by introducing nanoparticles into conventional WBDFs. Fe3O4 nanoparticles which were surface modified by poly (sodium p-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS) through 3-(trimethoxysilyl) proryl methacrylate (TMSPMA) were adopted in low solid WBDFs containing 4 wt % bentonite (BT). The effect of temperature on rheological property and fluid filtration was investigated. When the concentration of Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles reached 0.1 wt %, shear thinning of WBDFs will be perfect at different temperatures. When the concentration of Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles reached 0.25 wt %, the WBDFs had superior rheological properties, as compared to other concentrations of the particles in salt environment. Rheological curves provide a closely fit for the Bingham model at low temperature, however, the curves fit Herschel-Bulkley model at higher temperature. Rheological tests indicated that higher concentration of Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles can effectively improve salt (KCl) tolerance. Under high temperature and high press (HTHP) filtration test, WBDFs with Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles exhibited minimum filtration loss volume with the concentration of Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles as low as 0.1 wt % at different temperatures. For salt tolerance test, the higher concentration of the Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles leads to the lower the amount of fluid loss at the same concentration of KCl. With the concentration of nanoparticles grows to 0.1 wt %, the amount of fluid loss volume was minimum, indicating that Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles in WBDFs improve the filtration. The WBDFs with performance improved by Fe3O4/PSSS nanoparticles can be used as effective drilling fluids even under high temperature and high salinity, demonstrating that the modified fluids are potential candidates for drilling in deep and salty formation.

Design of Enzyme Micelles with Controllable Concavo-Convex Micromorphologies for Highly Enhanced Stability and Catalytical Activity.

Concavo-convex micelles with controllable sizes and nanostructures are prepared via self-assembling polymer-enzyme (e.g., shellac enzyme) conjugates with heterogeneous polymer chains, which exhibit higher enzyme stability (300%) and bioactivity (760%) comparing with the well-defined ones. The applied amphiphilic and negatively charged copolymer, poly (methyl methacrylate)-block-poly (sodium p-styrene sulfonate), is synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to modify shellac enzyme and immobilize the enzyme bioactivity inducer by covalent conjugation and electrostatic attraction, respectively. The degradation test of catechol confirms the application potential of as-prepared micelles as an efficient and economical decontaminant.

Effect of Poly (Sodium P-Styrensulfonate) on Anti-Sedimentation of Wollastonite and its Application in Textile Coating

Aiming at the problems of the low stability and easy deposition of the coating slurry when wollastonite was used as a filler in the wet coating of polyamide. Effect of poly (sodium p-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) on the static stability and rheological properties of coating slurry was studied. The surface structure of the coating film, the mechanical properties, the antistatic properties of the coated fabric and ink absorption and color fastness to water after printing were analyzed. The results show that, the stability of the coating slurry is remarkably improved when the amount of PSS added is 10%, and the sedimentation does not occur within 12 hours; the rheological property is better and the surface of coating film has more microporous, and the distribution is more uniform inducing the improvement of ink absorption. The adverse effect of PSS on mechanical properties is not significant, the antistatic property of the coated fabric is greatly improved, and the grade of colour fastness to washing of the printing textiles is 4 or more.

An ATP/ATPase responsive supramolecular fluorescent hydrogel constructed via electrostatic interactions between poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) and a tetraphenylethene derivative.

By electrostatic interactions between poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) 1 and the tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative 2 containing two quaternary ammonium cations, a novel bioresponsive supramolecular fluorescent hydrogel 3 was constructed. This self-assembly process led to the aggregation of TPE, a typical chromophore with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, thereby endowing this hydrogel with AIE fluorescence properties. Moreover, this supramolecular fluorescent hydrogel was responsive to biomolecules. When ATP was added to this system, it interacted with 2 more strongly than 1. Correspondingly, the network structure of the hydrogel was destroyed and the aggregation extent of 2 was decreased, which induced the transition from gel to sol and decreased the fluorescence intensity of the hydrogel at the same time. Subsequently, after phosphatase ATPase was added to the solution, ATP was decomposed and the electrostatic interactions between 1 and 2 were rebuilt, transforming sol into gel and recovering the fluorescence intensity of the hydrogel. Therefore, the fluorescent supramolecular hydrogel 3 was bioresponsive. Simultaneously, this fluorescent supramolecular hydrogel 3 could cross over the cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm, which could be applied in cell imaging.

Gel forming waterborne dispersion polymerization of sodium p‐styrene sulfonate with glycidyl methacrylate

ABSTRACTWater soluble monomer like sodium p‐styrene sulfonate (SSS) is copolymerized with hydrophobic and reactive monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The polymerization proceeds as dispersion and forms gels. The gel forming nature prevails even with other hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers to form ternary polymeric systems. The swelling is dependent on polymer composition as well as the treatment history of polymers. SSS also induces ring opening of GMA to form 1,2‐diols as confirmed independently by various model reactions. The ability of hydrogels to absorb various dyes indicates that owing to the anionic nature, hydrogels absorb cationic dyes nearly quantitatively. Because of their strong affinity to cationic species these hydrogel forming polymers are potentially useful in water purification applications as well as purification of proteins. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 626–634

Preparation and assessment of carboxylate polyelectrolyte as draw solute for forward osmosis

Reverse draw solute diffusion not only reduces the water flux in forward osmosis (FO), but also contaminates the feed solution and eventually increases the regeneration cost of draw solution. In the present study, a new polyelectrolyte was synthesized as FO draw solute to address this problem. Acrylic acid and sodium p-styrenesulfonate monomers with hydrophilic group were used to fabricate carboxylate polyelectrolyte through free radical polymerization reaction. Results demonstrated that the osmotic pressure of carboxylate polyelectrolyte solution had a good linear relationship with concentration, and the viscosity of 0.18g/mL solution was less than 5.4cP. Active layer facing draw solution produced the initial water flux of 11.77 LMH and active layer facing feed solution yielded the initial water flux of 6.68 LMH when the concentration of draw solution was 0.18g/mL. The reverse solute flux was around 1 gMH, and specific reverse solute flux of 0.18g/mL carboxylate polyelectrolyte draw solution was 0.11g/L which was much lower than that of traditional inorganic salts. Finally, diluted draw solution was regenerated via ultrafiltration, and the recovery efficiency of 94.78% was achieved. So, carboxylate polyelectrolyte can be suitable draw solute for FO.

Enhanced adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto core-brush shaped aromatic rings-functionalized chitosan magnetic composite particles: Effects of structural characteristics of both pharmaceuticals and brushes

Core-brushes shaped chitosan/Fe3O4 composite particles (CS-MCPs) have been demonstrated applicable in the removal of pharmaceuticals due to the large amounts of functional groups on branches and heightened approachability of flexible branches to contaminants. To further enhance adsorption capacity (Qe) and pH-resistance, novel representative core-brushes shaped aromatic rings-functionalized CS-MCPs were used for adsorption of typical pharmaceuticals (norfloxacin, tylosin and diclofenac sodium (DCF)). For norfloxacin and tylosin, modified CS-MCP with polyanions (poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)) branches exhibited high Qe (165 mg/g and 134 mg/g, respectively); whereas for DCF, modified CS-MCP with polycations (poly(p-vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride)) branches is favored (151 mg/g). Due to existence of phenyl groups on branches, Qe remained high levels in a wide pH range, proving improved pH-resistance. Considerable resistance against coexisting pharmaceuticals and inorganic ions, as well as reusability, of the adsorbents, were found. Physico-chemical analyses, instrumental characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrated that electrostatic attraction and π-electron-containing interactions contributed to adsorption: charged ends of contaminants were fixed to oppositely charged part of branches; whereas other fragments of pharmaceutical molecules bound with π-electrons of phenyls on branches. The novel core-brush shaped biopolymer-based MCPs showed potential in water treatment and guidance for designing the brush characteristics was provided according to pharmaceutical characteristics.

Preparation of Cation-exchange Membranes from Polylsulfone with Poly （sodium p-styrenesulfonate） Graft Chains

Preparation of Cation-exchange Membranes from Polylsulfone with Poly （sodium p-styrenesulfonate） Graft Chains

Evaluation of Ce(III) and Gd(III) adsorption from aqueous solution using CTS-g-(AA-co-SS)/ISC hybrid hydrogel adsorbent

CTS-g-(AA-co-SS)/ISC hybrid hydrogel adsorbent with crosslinked network structure and superior adsorption performance for rare-earth metal ions was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution by a simple one-step free-radical grafting polymerization reaction among acrylic acid (AA), sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SS) and chitosan (CTS) using illite/smectite clay (ISC) as the inorganic additive. The structure of the as-prepared CTS-g-(AA-co-SS)/ISC hydrogel adsorbent was characterized, and the reaction parameters such as AA/SS molar ratio and ISC content were optimized, and the effects of pH values, initial concentration and contact time on the adsorption performance for Ce(III) and Gd(III) were systematically evaluated. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacities of the hydrogel adsorbent toward Ce(III) and Gd(III) reached 174.05 and 223.79 mg/g, respectively, and the adsorption quickly achieved equilibrium within 15–20 min. The adsorbed Ce(III) and Gd(III) could be easily desorbed for recovery, and the used adsorbent was able to be regenerated for reuse. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the regenerated adsorbent could still retain the adsorption capacities that were close to the initial value. The adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic mode and the Langmuir isotherm model, and the chemical complexation between ions and –COO– was mainly responsible for the high adsorption capacity. As a whole, the hybrid hydrogel adsorbent was potential to be used for the adsorption and recovery of Ce(III) and Gd(III) from water.

Electrochemical behavior of amaranth and its sensitive determination based on Pd-doped polyelectrolyte functionalized graphene modified electrode

In this work, poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)-functionalized graphene supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd) composites were fabricated with simple ultrasonic bath method. The morphology and structure of PSS-GR-Pd composites were characterized using UV–vis absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. By combining the merits of the PSS-GR and Pd NPs, a new electrochemical sensor was erected to detect amaranth based on the PSS-GR-Pd nanocomposites. The electrochemical behavior of amaranth was investigated systematically in 0.1molL−1 phosphate buffer solution (PBS 2.0). At the optimum parameter, Ipa was found to be linearly dependent on the concentrations of amaranth (1×10−7–9×10−6molL−1). The detection limit was 7nM (S/N=3) and sensitivity was 5.85μAμM−1. Finally, this system was utilized for determining amaranth in soft drink using the standard addition method.

Modulation of Self-healing of Polyion Complex Hydrogel by Ion-specific Effects

We have prepared polyion complex (PIC) hydrogel consisting of poly(3-(methacryloylamino)propyl-trimethylamonium chloride) and poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) polyelectrolytes via a two-step polymerization procedure and have investigated specific ion effects on the self-healing of the PIC hydrogel. Our study demonstrates that the mechanical properties of the PIC hydrogel are strongly dependent on the type of the ions doped in the hydrogel. The ion-specific effects can be used to modulate the self-healing efficiency of the PIC hydrogel. As the doped anions change from kosmotrops to chaotropes, the self-healing efficiency of the PIC hydrogel increases. A more chaotropic anion has a stronger ability to break the ionic bonds formed within the hydrogel, leading to a higher efficiency during the healing.

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on mesoporous silica derivatives for humidity sensing

Mesoporous silicas loading hydrophilic materials composites were widely used in humidity sensors during the last decade. However, the physical mixing process used for loading the hydrophilic materials in the channel of mesoporous silicas is hard to guarantee their uniform dispersion, and there is no strong force to bind the host and guest materials together. To solve above problems, novel vinyl functionalized mesoporous silicas (SBA-15-vinyl) were chemically modified with hydrophilic sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) with free radical polymerization. The chemical and porous structures of the obtained hybrid materials (SBA-15-PSSx) were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analyses (EA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The humidity sensing properties of the sensors based on SBA-15-vinyl and SBA-15-PSS indicate the introduction of PSS could effectively enhance the sensing properties of SBA-15-vinyl. The impedance of the optimized sensor changed by more than three orders of magnitude over the relative humidity (RH) range of 11%–95%, with rapid response to RH change.

A Simple and Sensitive Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Orange II Based on a Functionalized Graphene-Modified Electrode.

A simple and sensitive voltammetric sensor for Orange II was developed, based on a poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)-functionalized graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. This voltammetric sensor showed strong accumulation ability and an excellent voltammetric response for Orange II. The electrochemical behavior of Orange II was systematically investigated in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. By linear sweep voltammetry, under optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained between peak currents and Orange II concentrations in the wider range of 3 × 10(-8) to 5 × 10(-6) mol/L, with an LOD of 1 × 10(-8) mol/L. In addition, the proposed Orange II sensor was successfully applied to real food samples with satisfactory recovery.

Thermal-oxidative aging behavior of nitrile-butadiene rubber/functional LDHs composites

NBR-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites were prepared using a sodium p-styrenesulfonate hydrate (SSS) modified LDH (LDH-SSS) filler through ion exchange. The modified filler, LDH-SSS, was investigated by XRD, FTIR and TGA-DTGA, showing its layered structure was successfully obtained, as compared with the unmodified LDH-NO3. Mechanical tests of the NBR composites showed that their thermal-oxidative aging was improved, specifically by LDH-SSS. ATR-FTIR was used to study for the aging mechanism of composites. The morphology of the composites revealed by SEM and XRD shows a stronger interaction between NBR and the LDH particles with the presence of SSS. The chemical structure and the thermal properties of the composites revealed by various techniques showed an exfoliation phenomenon of the LDH-SSS, and NBR can be branched with LDH-SSS in the aging process of the composites.

Enhanced removal capability of kaolin toward methylene blue by mussel-inspired functionalization

Adsorption is an effective and commonly adopted method for removal of organic pollutants from environment. In this work, we described the synthesis and the adsorption behavior of poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate hydrate) (PSPSH)-modified kaolin, which was obtained by combination of mussel-inspired chemistry and Michael addition reaction. The amino-terminated PSPSH was synthesized by free radical polymerization using cysteamine hydrochloride as the chain transfer agent and sodium p-styrenesulfonate hydrate as the monomer. Raw kaolin and PSPSH-modified kaolin were characterized using several techniques including transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in detail. The adsorption of methylene blue onto modified kaolin from aqueous solution was investigated, in which the effects of contact time, temperature, solution pH, and initial methylene blue concentration were studied. The experiment data were analyzed using two common adsorption models: Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The kinetic adsorption data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion model. The values of thermodynamics constants such as entropy change (ΔS 0), enthalpy change (ΔH 0) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG 0) were also determined. The modified kaolin showed favorable dispersibility and convenient separation, high efficiency, and good regeneration capability in the removal of methylene blue from solution.

Influence of Polycarboxylate Dispersants with Different Molecular Structures on the Performance of Coal Water Slurry

Polycarboxylate dispersants have variable structures and can be designed according to practical needs. Further study on the influence of molecular structures on the performance of coal-water slurry (CWS) has vital significance. A variety of polycarboxylate dispersants was designed and synthesized with different monomers. The performance of each dispersant for the low-rank China CWS (i.e., Shenfu coal) was evaluated. Results showed that sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) was the most efficient monomer with better adsorption performance on the surface of coal particles and lower apparent viscosity (i.e., mole ratio of SSS and acrylic acid (AA) sodium 65:35, CWS concentration 63 wt%, dispersant dosage 0.5 wt%). Polyethylene glycol acrylate (PA) was also effective. In addition, 5 wt% cationic monomer methyl acryloyl oxygen ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) was introduced into the structure. The polycarboxylate dispersant with optimal molecular structure was applied in Shenfu coal. The performance of water slurry could meet the national standards well (i.e., apparent viscosity 920 mPa · s), displaying good rheological property and stability.

Processing tough supramolecular hydrogels with tunable strength of polyion complex

The rapid developments of tough hydrogels have promoted the applications of this kind of soft materials in loading bearing systems. However, tough gels usually have poor processibility, which is crucial for the construction of complex structures with gels. In this paper, we demonstrate the processing of tough polyion complex (PIC) hydrogels by simple compression moulding or extruding, which relies on the distinct strength of ionic bonds during and after the processing. The PIC precipitates formed by mixing the solutions of polycation and polyanion, poly(3-(methacryloylamino)propyl-trimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate), are plasticized by saline solution with selected concentration. These raw materials, initially weak and viscoelastic, are easily processed into different shapes. After swelling the as-prepared gels in water to dialyze out the salt and counterions of PIC, tough equilibrated gels are obtained with the imposed shapes during processing. These gels with 50–70 wt% water show good mechanical properties, with tensile fracture stress, fracture strain and tearing fracture energy being 3.7 MPa, 700% and 8 × 103 J/m2, respectively. These mechanical properties can be effectively tailored by tuning the charge ratio of PIC. However, the concentration of saline water has negligible influence on the mechanical properties of final equilibrated gels. The resultant PIC gels also exhibit stimuli-triggered healing properties owing to the dynamic and reversible nature of the ionic bonds. This study should promote the applications of tough PIC gels in structural elements of soft actuators and synthetic tissues.