Sodium Nitrate Solutions Research Articles

The Surface Parameters of a Natural Biosorbent: Giant Reed System

The surface layer parameters for bark–sodium nitrate solution systems were presented. The surface charge, the biosorption of proton, hydroxyl as a function of contact time, the ionic strength, the pH (initial and final) of the suspension medium-system, and the sorbent systems' concentration were presented. Through the use of pH variation resulting from protonation/deprotonation of the surface hydroxy groups ((>SOH) ̅), the isoelectric point and the point of zero charges were determined. The surface charge (Q) of the electrical double layer was calculated. The ionization and complexation reactions were suggested to result in (>(MOH,Cl^-)) ̅ , ((>MOH_2^+,Cl^-)) ̅ and ((>MOH,Na^+)) ̅ surface complexes.

Tolerance of Rodents to an Intravenous Bolus Injection of Sodium Nitrate in a High Concentration.

Simple SummaryNitrate is found in many foods and is a common metabolite that is supplied mostly through the diet. Recently, we have found that an analog of this compound, labeled with the stable isotope (non-radioactive) nitrogen-15, is a potentially useful contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it does not include a metal component as most other MRI contrast agents. This analog was previously shown with a very high magnetic resonance signal, which is relatively long-lasting, when combined with the new adjunct technology to MRI called hyperpolarization. Prior to serving as a contrast agent for MRI in patients, this agent needs to be tested and validated in small animals. As a prerequisite to such studies, one must ensure that the injection of the naturally abundant agent (not labeled with any isotopes) will be tolerated by the animals. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the tolerance to an intravenous injection of sodium nitrate in rats and mice, as MRI contrast agents are routinely administered in this way. We have found that a high dose of sodium nitrate can be safely injected into rats and mice. This result opens the way for preclinical MRI studies with sodium nitrate.Nitrate, the inorganic anion NO3−, is found in many foods and is an endogenous mammalian metabolite, which is supplied mostly through the diet. Although much is known about the safety of sodium nitrate when given per os, methodological safety data on intravenous bolus injection of sodium nitrate to rodents are lacking. Recently, we have proposed a new use for nitrate, as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging that will be metal free and leave no traces in the body and the environment further to the imaging examination. It was shown that a stable isotope-labelled analog of this ion (15NO3−), in a sodium nitrate solution form and hyperpolarized state, produces a high magnetic resonance signal with prolonged visibility. Therefore, sodium nitrate was targeted for further preclinical development in this context. In the absence of methodological safety data on the potential effects of a high concentration sodium nitrate bolus intravenous injection into rodents, we carried out such an investigation in mice and rats (n = 12 of each, 6 males and 6 females in each group, altogether 24 animals). We show here that an intravenous bolus administration of sodium nitrate at a concentration of 150 mM and a dose of 51 mg/Kg does not lead to adverse effects in mice and rats. This is the first investigation of the tolerance of rodents to an intravenous injection of sodium nitrate.

Azo-Dye-Functionalized Polycarbonate Membranes for Textile Dye and Nitrate Ion Removal.

Challenges exist in the wastewater treatment of dyes produced by the world’s growing textiles industry. Common problems facing traditional wastewater treatments include low retention values and breaking the chemical bonds of some dye molecules, which in some cases can release byproducts that can be more harmful than the original dye. This research illustrates that track-etched polycarbonate filtration membranes with 100-nanometer diameter holes can be functionalized with azo dye direct red 80 at 1000 µM, creating a filter that can then be used to remove the entire negatively charged azo dye molecule for a 50 µM solution of the same dye, with a rejection value of 96.4 ± 1.4%, at a stable flow rate of 114 ± 5 µL/min post-functionalization. Post-functionalization, Na+ and NO3− ions had on average 17.9%, 26.0%, and 31.1% rejection for 750, 500, and 250 µM sodium nitrate solutions, respectively, at an average flow rate of 177 ± 5 µL/min. Post-functionalization, similar 50 µM azo dyes had increases in rejection from 26.3% to 53.2%. Rejection measurements were made using ultraviolet visible-light spectroscopy for dyes, and concentration meters using ion selective electrodes for Na+ and NO3− ions.

Influence of Urea on Organic Bulk Fertilizer of Spent Coffee Grounds and Green Algae Chlorella sp. Biomass

To maintain high production and growing rates of plants, synthetically obtained fertilizers are commonly used. Excessive amounts of fertilizers damage the natural ecosystem and cause various environmental problems. In relation to the environment and its sustainability, another great environmental, economic, and social issue is food loss and waste. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of spent coffee grounds (SCG) on soil properties, rye growth, and their possibilities to be used as the biodegradable and organic material in the production of organic bulk fertilizer. This study demonstrated that spent coffee grounds contain primary nutrients; moreover, SCG could increase the content of soil organic matter. The addition of 4 wt% to 8 wt% SCG increased the number of spore-forming bacteria from <103 colony forming units/g soil (CFU/g soil) to 3 × 104 CFU/g soil, along with nitrogen assimilating bacteria (plain soil resulted in 5.0 × 105 CFU/g, and addition of SCG increased the value to 5.0 × 107 CFU/g). Since spent coffee grounds have a relatively high porosity and absorbance (25.3 ± 3.4 wt% in a water vapor environment and 4.0 ± 0.6 wt% in the environment of saturated sodium nitrate solution), they could be used to reduce the amount of water required for irrigation. To fully exploit their nutritional value for plants, spent coffee grounds were mixed with green algae biomass along with urea, and, during the research, higher value products (organic bulk fertilizer) were obtained.

Biomechanical and microbiological analysis of embalmed cats - acute effect of conservation.

Animals corpses in teaching and research institutions could be sources of infection for students and teachers when applied for dissection and surgical practice. This research aimed to evaluate cats' corpses' conservation using a new anatomic technique and vacuum package for seven days, aiming surgical practicing. A 150 mL/kg of alcohol with 5% glycerin and 120 mL/kg of a 20% sodium chloride, 1% nitrite, and 1% sodium nitrate solution was injected on corpses sealed in vacuum packages and put on 0 to 4°C. Skin and jejunum were collected on day 0 (fresh samples/control), and traction analysis was performed for seven consecutive days. On the last day, the liquid in the plastic bags was microbiologically analyzed. There was no statistical difference between control and conservation moments (D1 and D2) in maximal rupture force of the skin, and jejunum was similar to control in D2, D4, and D6. The microbial population did not exceed 6.0x104CFU/mL in total aerobics and 4.8x104CFU/mL in total anaerobes. Biomechanics was not significantly affected, and the microbiological count was low during conservation, demonstrating the possible effectiveness of this anatomical technique for surgery training.

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM IRON (III) IONS BY ELECTROFLOTOSORPTION METHOD

Studies of the effect of sodium chloride, sulfate and nitrate salts on the sorption of iron (III) ions on an industrial powder sorbent of the brand "OU-A" in static mode have been carried out. It has been established that along with the nature of the salt, its concentration affects the sorption mechanism. The isotherm of adsorption of iron (III) ions from sodium nitrate solution can be attributed to type H according to the Gilsa classification, which implies the presence of a specific interaction with the surface of activated carbon. The sorption capacity of coal increases with an increase in the concentration of salts of chloride and sodium nitrate from 1 to 50 g/l, while the full saturation of the adsorbent Fe3+ in a solution of 50 g/l of sodium nitrate is not observed. The process of electroflotation extraction of spent sorbent from salt solutions is investigated. The effectiveness of electroflotation is affected by both the nature of the salt and its concentration in the solution. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of sodium chloride and sodium nitrate salts to 50 g/l, the degree of extraction of the spent sorbent decreases slightly by an average of 1-5%. At the same time, the efficiency of the electroflotation process drops to zero in sodium sulfate solutions with a concentration of more than 5 g/l at pH = 7. However, in acidic solutions (pH = 4) with a salt concentration of 50 g/l Na2SO4, the degree of coal extraction is 71%. Studies have shown that the use of a combined method, including sorption on coals with subsequent extraction of spent sorbent by electroflotation method, can provide high-quality pretreatment of water from iron (III) ions for reliable operation of desalination systems in industrial water purification systems.

Polymer blend based solid electrolyte membranes for fully solid state sodium ion cell applications

Research work carried out to develop solid electrolyte (SE) membranes with advantageous characteristics of enhanced ionic conductivity and geometric flexibility for the generation of sodium ion cells with fully solid state architecture, constitutes the prime focus of the present paper. Blend solutions of poly ethylene oxide (PEO) with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) which are complexed with various concentrations of sodium nitrate solution are made use of to grow freestanding, transparent and flexible SE membranes using the technique of casting from solution. Structural, morphological and electrochemical characterizations of these SE membranes are conducted, utilizing XRD, FE-SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. For the membrane with 15 weight % of NaNO3 used for reacting with the polymer blend of PEO with PVdF, ionic conductivity calculated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is around 2.34 × 10−6 S cm−1. From cyclic voltammetry experiment, remarkably wide electrochemical steadiness window up to 5 V has been detected, giving additional emphasis for the impressive electrochemical behaviour of these SE membranes. Polymer based, solid electrolyte membranes of the present studies offer application prospects in developing fully solid state sodium ion cells.

Determination of adsorbable organic halogens in textiles by ultrasonic extraction-high temperature combustion absorption-ion chromatography

建立了一种对纺织品中可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的超声提取-高温燃烧吸收-离子色谱定量检测分析新方法。该方法采用超声方式提取纺织品中的AOX,提取液加入活性炭进行振荡吸附,并用酸性硝酸钠溶液对无机卤化物进行去除。采用程序升温的氧化燃烧方式对吸附AOX的活性炭进行裂解、燃烧及气化,其产生的卤化氢等气体随载气进入吸收液并完全转化为无机卤素阴离子,采用离子色谱分离测定,外标法定量。实验优化了超声提取时间、活性炭用量、燃烧气及其流量、燃烧升温程序、吸收液和吸收方式等前处理条件,并对离子色谱的仪器分析条件如色谱柱、柱温及淋洗液流速等进行优化。结果表明,氟、氯、溴、碘4种卤素离子的标准溶液在0.02~10 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数(R2)均在0.999以上;AOX测定的方法定量限为0.10~0.50 mg/kg。以棉、毛和涤纶3种不同种类的阴性纺织样品作为样品基质,选取典型的有机卤化物进行加标,在低、中、高3个加标水平下测得AOX的平均回收率为82.3%~98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)为2.0%~5.7%,表明方法具有良好的回收率和精密度。将该方法应用于实际纺织样品的测定,检出了不同含量的AOX,且重复性好。研究建立的方法通过采用活性炭的振荡吸附、程序升温的高温氧化燃烧方式和多孔吸收瓶的二级吸收方法,提高了AOX转化为无机卤素的回收率;同时利用离子色谱仪器选择性好、灵敏度高的特点成功地一次性分离检测4种AOX,且无杂质离子的干扰。该方法简单、准确、可靠,满足国内外法规和标准对纺织品中AOX的限量要求,适用于纺织品中AOX的分析测定。

Statistical Analysis of SO2 and NO2 with Respect to Meteorological Parameters (Gwalior, India)

The present study is carried out in Gwalior to know the level of pollutants viz sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In this study, both NO2 and SO2 were collected during different seasons, and estimation was done using chemical methods. The methods used for the determination of SO2 and NO2 in the ambient air of Gwalior was (Modified West and Geake method) and (Modified Jacob and Hochheisier). The SO2 from the air stream was absorbed in a sodium tetramer curate solution. NO2 was collected by bubbling air through a sodium hydroxide solution to form a stable solution of sodium nitrate. Meteorological parameters like temperature, relative humidity were recorded by thermometers and hygrometry during the sampling. Rainfall data was taken from Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi, for four sampling years. The statistical analysis was carried out between the level of pollutants SO2 and NO2 measured and meteorological parameters recorded during the sampling. This study observed that pollutants were very high in winter and summer compared to monsoon and post-monsoon periods due to the heavy transport movement and favourable meteorological conditions like temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed and directions.

Graphene/PVA coated D-shaped fiber for sodium nitrate sensing

A graphene/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated D-shaped fiber structure for sensing sodium nitrate solutions is proposed in this paper. D-shaped single mode fiber (SMF) coated with graphene/PVA was used as a sensor for sodium nitrate liquid solutions with the concentration range of 1–7%. After monitoring the output power and spectral transmission characteristics of the sensor, the graphene/PVA coated sensor showed an improved performance over the uncoated structure. The evanescent mode of the side-polished fiber and the interaction between the nitrate ions and the coating graphene improved the sensor’s performance. The graphene/PVA coated sensor had sensitivity and linearity of 0.390 dBm/% and 99% compared to the uncoated sensor sensitivity and linearity of 0.117 dBm/% and 98% respectively. This shows the advantage of using D-shaped fiber coated with graphene and PVA to detect sodium nitrate concentrations.

Solid-liquid phase equilibrium and phase diagram of the ternary system (NaNO3 + CsNO3 + H2O) and its application for cesium nitrate separation

In order to separate cesium nitrate from the eluant mixture sodium nitrate solution, the phase equilibrium of the ternary system (NaNO3 + CsNO3 + H2O) at 338.15 K and 0.1 MPa was investigated using the isothermal equilibrium solution method, and the solubilities and physicochemical properties (density and refractive index) of the system were determined, experimentally. According to the experimental data, the phase diagram and physicochemical properties versus the composition diagram of the ternary system at 338.15 K were established for the first time. There is one invariant point (NaNO3 + CsNO3), two univariant curves, and two crystallizing regions corresponding to NaNO3 and CsNO3. The phase diagram belongs to a simple-type ternary system, and neither double salt nor solid solution was formed. Based on the phase diagrams of this system at 298.15 and 338.15 K, the cycle separation process for CsNO3 recovery from the eluant of sodium nitrate mixture solution was evolved. It is worth noting that 90.29 % CsNO3 can be separated from the mixed solution after three cycles. It is significant for the green recovery of cesium nitrate from the eluent solution containing sodium nitrate effectively.

Effect of garlic supplementation on zootechnical performance and hepato-renal functions in nitrate-treated rabbits

The effect of garlic supplementation on zootechnical performance and hepato-renal functions of rabbits exposed to experimental nitrate poisoning was evaluated. Adult male 6-8 week-old albino rabbits (n= 24) were randomly divided into four groups (A - D) and subjected to nitrate intoxication through the oral administration of sodium nitrate solution at 2 ml/kg bodyweight per day for 40 days. Group A was a control that received no treatment except sodium nitrate. Rabbits in groups B and C were treated with 1% methylene blue solution (2 mg/kg bodyweight per day) and aqueous garlic extract (500 mg/kg bodyweight per day) through intraperitoneal and oral routes, respectively. Rabbits in group D were treated with both 1% methylene blue solution (2 mg/kg bodyweight per day, intraperitoneally) and aqueous garlic extract (500 mg/kg bodyweight per day, orally). On completion of the treatment period, the groups were compared in growth performance, biochemical profile and histopathological changes of hepato-renal tissues. Although the total feed consumption of the groups remained comparable, Group C showed relatively better weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Likewise, garlic extract significantly increased the serum bilirubin concentration and reduced the level of other biochemical attributes in comparison with control animals. The hepatic and renal tissues of Groups C and D remained normal, whereas those of the control group exhibited distinct histopathological alterations. It was concluded that garlic supplementation ameliorated the deleterious effects of nitrate intoxication on production performance and hepato-renal functions of rabbits.

Electrochemical machining of molybdenum

The present work focuses on the anodic dissolution mechanism of molybdenum and the quantification of oxygen evolution as a possible side reaction. Molybdenum dissolution was studied in sodium nitrate solution under acidic (pH 1) and alkaline (pH 12) conditions at high current densities, which is typical for the industrial electrochemical machining process (ECM). The anodic oxygen evolution was evidenced by using the fluorescence quenching technique. The oxygen efficiency amounts to ≈1% at pH 12 and ≈7% at pH 1. These and considering previous results, lead to the assumption that a part of molybdenum does not dissolve as Mo6+. This agrees with oxidation of dissolved ions in a subsequently coupled amperometric cell at pH 12. The evolution of oxygen as well as supplementary material diagnostics clearly shows the (trans-)passive dissolution of molybdenum via the formation and dissolution of molybdenum oxide films under acidic as well as under alkaline conditions in sodium nitrate solutions. Considering all data, the authors conclude that the average valency is slightly lower than z = 5.5 at pH 1 and z = 5.9 at pH 12. The assumption of the partial dissolution of lower valent molybdenum ions is supported by the observation of a blue coloring of the remaining electrolyte on the sample surface after the experiments.

On altering the wetting behaviour and corrosion resistance of a large metallic surface area by wire electrochemical texturing

This paper presents a novel and practically applicable method for a quick fabrication of uniform surface patterns (periodic micro-pillars with rectangular and square cross-section) on a large surface area of any conducting or semi-conducting material using Wire Electrochemical Micromachining (Wire-ECMM). Micro pillars with a rectangular cross-section are generated by machining mutually perpendicular micro channels. The depth, spacing, and cross-sectional area of pillars are controlled by varying the process parameters and tool travel distance. Primary pillars (level-1 texture) are machined with a constant Direct Current (DC) voltage and secondary pillars (level-2 texture) are machined with a pulsed DC voltage using a tungsten wire of diameter 100 μm. An aqueous solution of sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) is selected as an electrolyte having a pH of about 7.01. A good repeatability in the geometrical parameters of a pillar profile is observed on analysing 3D profilometer micrographs of the textured surfaces. Wetting behaviour of textured surfaces with different geometrical parameters is observed using drop shape analyser. A surface with two levels of textures offers highest contact angle of 147.3° with deionized water. Corrosion current and resistance of the textured surfaces are obtained using Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. Results suggest that corrosion resistance depends upon the area of texture and is highest for the sample with the largest textured area. Also, a sample with the smallest value of area factor (ratio of total area of the top surface of all the pillars in a region to the total projected area of a region) offers highest resistance to corrosion. • A novel approach for large area texturing on any conducting and semi-conducting surface using Wire Electrochemical Micromachining (Wire-ECMM). • A study of the influence of different process parameters on various geometrical features of a textured surface. • A detailed characterization of different textured surfaces using SEM imaging and surface topography. • In depth analysis of the wetting and corrosion behaviour of the textured surfaces using drop shape analyser and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David's deer.

BackgroundThe Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) population was established from only a small number of individuals. Their genetic diversity is therefore relatively low and transmissible (parasitic) diseases affecting them merit further attention. Parasitic infections can affect the health, survival, and population development of the host. However, few reports have been published on the gastrointestinal parasites of Père David’s deer. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the intestinal parasites groups in Père David’s deer; (2) to determine their prevalence and burden and clarify the effects of different seasons and regions on various indicators of Père David’s deer intestinal parasites; (3) to evaluate the effects of the Père David’s deer reproductive period on these parasites; (4) to reveal the regularity of the parasites in space and time.MethodsIn total, 1,345 Père David’s deer faecal samples from four regions during four seasons were tested using the flotation (saturated sodium nitrate solution) to identify parasites of different genus or group, and the McMaster technique to count the number of eggs or oocysts.ResultsFour groups of gastrointestinal parasites were found, of which strongyles were dominant; their prevalence and burden were significantly higher than other groups. Significant temporal and spatial effects on gastrointestinal parasitic infection were found. Parasite diversity, prevalence, parasite burden, and aggregation were the highest in summer. Among the four regions, parasite diversity, prevalence, and burden were the highest in the Dongting Lake area. In addition, parasite diversity and burden during the reproductive period of Père David’s deer was significantly higher than during the post-reproductive period.ConclusionsThe summer season and the reproductive period of Père David’s deer had great potential for parasite transmission, and there is a high risk of parasite outbreaks in the Dongting Lake area.

Insights on the Influence of Surface Chemistry and Rim Zone Microstructure of 42CrMo4 on the Efficiency of ECM.

The electrochemical machining (ECM) of 42CrMo4 steel in sodium nitrate solution is mechanistically characterized by transpassive material dissolution and the formation of a Fe3−xO4 mixed oxide at the surface. It is assumed that the efficiency of material removal during ECM depends on the structure and composition of this oxide layer as well as on the microstructure of the material. Therefore, 42CrMo4 in different microstructures (ferritic–pearlitic and martensitic) was subjected to two ECM processes with current densities of about 20 A/cm2 and 34 A/cm2, respectively. The composition of the process electrolyte was analyzed via mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma in order to obtain information on the efficiency of material removal and the reaction mechanisms. This was followed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to detect the chemical composition and the binding states of chemical elements in the oxide formed during ECM. In summary, it has been demonstrated that the efficiency of material removal in both ECM processes is about 5–10% higher for martensitic 42CrMo4 than for ferritic–pearlitic 42CrMo4. This is on one hand attributed to the presence of the cementite phase at ferritic–pearlitic 42CrMo4, which promotes oxygen evolution and therefore has a negative effect on the material removal efficiency. On the other hand, it is assumed that an increasing proportion of Fe2O3 in the mixed oxide leads to an increase in the process efficiency.

Efficiency of humic acid from various organic sources for reducing hexavalent chromium in aqueous solutions

In this study, efficiency of humic acids (HAs) derived from various sources to reduce CrVI in aqueous solutions was compared. HAs were extracted from leonardite, peat moss, peat, cocopeat, coal, common char, biochar, vermicompost and sewage sludge. Some chemical and spectral characteristics of the extracted HAs were measured. Then, the reducing efficiency of HAs was measured and its relationship with the determined properties was investigated. To measure the reducing efficiency of HAs, a concentration of 0.1 mM CrVI (as potassium dichromate) in a sodium nitrate solution (0.03M) with a pH of 2 and in the presence of 100 mg of HA per liter was used. The experiment was conducted in three ways (symbolized by E1, E2 and E3). They differ from each other with respect to the method of phosphate buffer addition to release CrVI ions adsorbed by HA. This buffer was added to an aliquot of final extract, to the whole volume of final suspension and to initial solution containing CrVI in experiments E1, E2 and E3, respectively. According to the results, the CrVI reducing efficiency depends not only on the nature of HA but on the method of experiment. The minimum reducing efficiency was observed for common char using experiment E2 and the maximum value was for biochar and cocopeat in all three experiments. The results showed that the two factors of ΔlogK and maximum reducing efficiency in the format of a multiple regression had a significant relationship with CrVI reducing efficiency of HAs.

Solubility of PuO2(am,hyd) and the Formation of Pu(IV) Carbonate Complexes in Carbonate Solutions Containing 0.1–5.0 mol·dm−3 NaNO3

The solubility of plutonium hydrous oxide (PuO2(am, hyd)) was investigated in the presence of carbonate in neutral to alkaline, dilute to concentrated sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solutions. The observed dependence of the Pu(IV) solubility in low to medium concentration NaNO3 agreed with previously reported data and was well reproduced by the thermodynamic model curves, containing the species \({\text{Pu(CO}}_{3} )_{4}^{4 - }\), \({\text{Pu(CO}}_{3} )_{5}^{6 - }\), and \({\text{Pu(OH)}}_{{2}} {\text{(CO}}_{3} )_{2}^{2 - }\). Significant deviations between experimental and modeled Pu(IV) solubility were, however, observed for 2 mol·dm−3 NaNO3 solutions. A more comprehensive chemical model including the complex \({\text{Pu(OH)}}_{{2}} {\text{(CO}}_{3} )_{3}^{4 - }\) was established, that reproduces the experimental results reasonably well. The conditional complex formation constants for \({\text{Pu(OH)}}_{{2}} {\text{(CO}}_{3} )_{3}^{4 - }\) were extrapolated to I = 0 using the specific ion interaction theory (SIT) and Pitzer approaches, and the corresponding ion interaction parameters were evaluated.

Decontamination of spent ion exchange resins contaminated with iron-oxide deposits using mineral acid solutions

The efficiency of decontamination of model spent ion exchange resins, contaminated with magnetite and hematite, with mineral acid solutions, and using electro-decontamination, was evaluated. It has been shown that effective hematite dissolution occurs in concentrated mineral acid solutions. However, the use of direct current increases the decontamination efficiency of spent ion exchange resins contaminated with hematite. It is determined that with increasing voltage and acid concentration, the dissolution efficiency of hematite deposits increases and can exceed 99%. It has been shown that hematite dissolution is accompanied by secondary adsorption of radionuclides due to ion exchange, which can be removed with sodium nitrate solutions.

Spatial analysis of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil as a potential for serious human infection

Toxocara spp. cause one of the most widespread soil-transmitted helminthic infections worldwide. In both developed and developing countries, soil contamination with Toxocara eggs is considered as a major threat to public health. A total of 515 soil samples from 89 sampling sites were collected from different locations of public health such as Wastelands and Streets, public parks, and marginal areas. The soil samples were examined for Toxocara eggs using a centrifugal-floatation technique utilizing a saturated sodium nitrate solution. centralization of positive soil samples in the province was studied by Spatial Statistics Techniques such as Average Nearest Neighbors and Spatial Autocorrelation and Kernel Density Function Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 94 (18.25 %) out of 515 samples collected from the studied areas. According to the results obtained, marginal areas are often contaminated with eggs of Toxocara. Consequently, preventive measures including health education should be implemented to reduce the potential risk of this parasitic infection.