Sodium Molybdate Research Articles

Effect of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticle-mediated seed priming on the productivity of green gram (Vigna radiata L.)

A field experiment was undertaken in the post-Rabi season of 2019-2020 to reveal the response of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) to seed dressing and seed priming with nano molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 10 different treatments i.e., M0 (no seed treatment with Mo); M1 (seed dressing with Sodium molybdate @ 400 ppm); M2, M3, M4, and M5 (seed dressing with nano Molybdenum trioxide-MoO3 @ 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm, respectively); and M6, M7, M8 and M9 (seed priming with nano MoO3 @ 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm, respectively). Inoculation of greengram seeds cv. Shreya (IPM 2-14) with Rhizobium sps. was undertaken in all treatments as per the recommended practice, except in M0 (control). The MoO3 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from Ammonium molybdate through calcination at 600 0C for 5 hours indicated globular-shaped NPs of 68.55 nm in TEM and XRD. Nanopriming with MoO3 @ 200 ppm (M8) was most promising in recording significantly superior growth and yield attributing parameters and yield, whereas Mo (control) produced the least. Crop height, number of branches, root length, shoot dry matter, pods/plant and seeds/plant and root nodulation at harvest in M8 were 39.4% and 22.6%; 39% and 5.6%; 23% and 9.3%; 43.9%, and 16.3%; 28.2% and 5.3%; 28.1% and 0.8%, and 73.3% and 36.5% higher than M0 (control) and M1 (farmers’ practice), respectively. Superior growth and yield attributing characters in M8 treatment produced the highest grain and stover yield of 0.88 and 3.74 t/ ha that was 32.53% and 8.37%, and 35.5% and 14.7% higher than M0 (control) and M1 (farmers’ practice), respectively. Seed priming with nano MoO3 @ 400 ppm (M9) and seed dressing with nano MoO3 @ 400 ppm (M5) were of second and third order in recording grain and stover yield but M0 recorded the lowest among all the treatments.

OECD 414 supplementary prenatal developmental toxicity study of sodium molybdate dihydrate in the rat and benchmark dose evaluation

In a continuing investigation of the potential for reproductive and developmental toxicity of molybdenum (Mo), consequent to the previous published OECD studies [1,2] and as directed by the European Chemicals Agency [3], a supplemental rat GLP-compliant Prenatal Developmental Toxicity (PNDT) study was conducted to investigate higher dose levels of sodium molybdate dihydrate (SMD) in an identical study design (OECD 414)[4] to Murray et al. 2014a [1], at dietary concentrations calculated to provide target Mo levels of 80 and 120 mg/kg bw/day (the maximum-tolerated dose). There was no effect on post-implantation loss, litter size, sex ratio or the incidence of external, visceral or skeletal fetal malformations or variations. Fetal weight was reduced proportionate to maternal dose. Minimal differences observed in the ossification status of some extremities of fetuses from females receiving 120 mg Mo/kg bw/day were confirmed as transient by skeletal examination of PND 21 pups from a further group of females receiving the same dose regime. There was no evidence of copper depletion in serum, placenta or liver. A benchmark dose evaluation using continuous and dichotomous approaches by combining the fetal body weight data from this study and the previous study determined that the BMD05 ranged from 47 to 57 mg Mo/kg bw/day, depending on the modelling approach and the BMDL05 estimates ranged from 37 to 47 mg Mo/kg bw/day. These levels are considered a more statistically robust point of departure for risk assessment for reproductive effects than the established NOAEL of 40 mg Mo/kg bw/day.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate does not exhibit developmental or reproductive toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a marginal copper diet

Groups of 24 weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered molybdenum (Mo) as sodium molybdate dihydrate (SMD) in drinking water at target dose levels of 0, 20, or 40 mg Mo/kg bw/day and fed a semi-purified marginal copper (6.2 ppm Cu) AIN-93 G diet for 8 weeks prior to mating, through cohabitation and pregnancy until Gestation Day 21. The objective was to confirm the reproductive and developmental effects of SMD reported by Fungwe et al. (1990) at estimated doses as low as 1.5 mg Mo/kg bw/day in a similarly designed study with marginal Cu diet (6.3 ppm). There were no test material-related effects at 20 or 40 mg Mo/kg bw/day on mortality, clinical observations, body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, estrous cycling, reproductive performance, maternal macroscopic pathology, ovarian or uterine parameters, litter size, resorptions, fetal sex ratio, fetal weight, or external fetal malformations or variations. Water consumption was increased compared to controls at both dose levels during the pre-mating and gestation periods, with no apparent adverse impact. There was no evidence of copper depletion in serum at any dose level. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) for systemic, maternal reproductive, and developmental toxicity in this marginal Cu diet study are 40 mg Mo/kg bw/day, consistent with the results of guideline developmental and reproductive toxicity studies of SMD. The results of Fungwe et al. were not replicated, even at higher dose levels of Mo, and their inconsistencies with guideline toxicity studies of Mo are not explained by the marginal dietary Cu level.

Corrosion inhibitors for enhanced strength, durability, and microstructure of coastal concrete structures

The prevalence of catastrophic structural member failure caused by steel corrosion in civil infrastructure underscores the importance of reducing reinforcement corrosion to enhance overall infrastructure costs, reliability, and sustainable development. The present research investigates the potential of corrosion inhibitors to enhance the durability and strength of concrete structures, with a focus on their long-term effectiveness in resisting corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. Multiple approaches such as inhibitors, repairing processes, and coatings have been explored to prevent concrete corrosion damage, with an emphasis on concrete corrosion performance in coastal and corrosive situations. This study investigates the effect of six different corrosion inhibitors (zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, urea, sodium nitrate, sodium molybdate, and diethyl ether) on the compressive strength and durability of concrete samples. The compressive strength is assessed using both destructive (28 days cube compressive strength) and non-destructive (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity) test methods, while concrete durability is evaluated using the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). The compressive strength of the admixture incorporated samples are found to be higher than the control sample by almost 50% and above with excellent concrete quality. The RCPT values of inhibitor-incorporated samples are moderate and low with control samples having high permeability even in adverse conditions of freezing, thawing, and deicing. The samples incorporated with inhibitors also show less negative half-cell potential which is 1.43 times less than that of the control sample indicating the lesser probability of occurrence of corrosion. SEM imaging is also conducted to analyze the microstructure of each mix. The findings of this study highlight the importance of inhibitors in enhancing the durability of reinforced concrete structures.

Seed molybdenum concentration and yield of cowpea as influenced by foliar application of sodium molybdate and soil application of simple superphosphate

Cowpea is a legume rich in amino acids and proteins, cultivated worldwide. However, the crop has low grain yield, which is attributed to inadequate management of fertilizers. Therefore research was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus applied via soil and molybdenum via leaves on productivity and seed molybdenum concentration of cowpea. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme: Molybdenum doses (Mo) (0, 100, 250 or 500 g ha−1 of sodium molybdate) and doses of phosphorus (0, 50, 100 or 150 kg P2O5 ha−1), in a randomized block design, with four replications. Mo applications were split in the flowering and maturation phase to ensure the best absorption of micronutrients. At the end of maturation, pod length, pod mass, number of grains per pod, 100 grain mass, grain yield, seed molybdenum and concentration were measured. There was a significant interaction between the doses of phosphorus and molybdenum for pod length and number of grains per pod with increments in production and optimal dose estimated at 374.15 g ha−1 of molybdenum and 123.43 kg ha−1 of phosphorus. Phosphate fertilization increases grain yield, pod dry weight and 100-grain weight by 41%, 51% and 20%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The splitting of molybic fertilization is an effective way to increase the nutrient concentration in the seed, which leads to a reduction in the cost of producing Mo-rich seeds, without causing toxic effects on plants.

Sodium molybdate‐hexagonal boron nitride composites enabled by cold sintering for microwave dielectric substrates

AbstractTo fulfill the demands of more bandwidth in 5G and 6G communication technology, new dielectric substrates that can be co‐fired into packages and devices that have low dielectric loss and improved thermal conductivity are desired. The motivation for this study is to design composites with low dielectric loss (tan δ) and high thermal conductivity (κ), while still limiting the electrical conductivity, for microwave applications involving high power and high frequency. This work describes the fabrication of high‐density electroceramic composites with a model dielectric material for cold sintering, namely sodium molybdate (Na2Mo2O7), and fillers with higher thermal conductivity such as hexagonal boron nitride. The physical properties of the composites were characterized as a function of filler vol.%, temperature, and frequency. Understanding the variation in measured properties is achieved through analyzing the respective transport mechanisms.

Acid-Base Properties of Oxides Derived from Oxide Melt Solution Calorimetry.

The paper analyzes the relationships among acid-base interactions in various oxide systems and their thermodynamics. Extensive data on enthalpies of solution of binary oxides in oxide melts of several compositions, obtained by high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry at 700 and 800 °C, are systematized and analyzed. Oxides with low electronegativity, namely the alkali and alkaline earth oxides, which are strong oxide ion donors, show enthalpies of solution that have negative values greater than -100 kJ per mole of oxide ion. Their enthalpies of solution become more negative with decreasing electronegativity in the order Li, Na, K and Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba in both of the commonly used molten oxide calorimetric solvents: sodium molybdate and lead borate. Oxides with high electronegativity, including P2O5, SiO2, GeO2, and other acidic oxides, dissolve more exothermically in the less acidic solvent (lead borate). The remaining oxides, with intermediate electronegativity (amphoteric oxides) have enthalpies of solution of between +50 and -100 kJ/mol, with many close to zero. More limited data for the enthalpies of solution of oxides in multicomponent aluminosilicate melts at higher temperature are also discussed. Overall, the ionic model combined with the Lux-Flood description of acid-base reactions provide a consistent and useful interpretation of the data and their application for understanding the thermodynamic stability of ternary oxide systems in solid and liquid states.

Analysis of the value of copper erythrocyte concentration measurement in the diagnosis of copper deficiency in bovines

BackgroundA reliable and practical method for assessing Cu status in live animals is not available. Blood Cu levels may not accurately reflect the true Cu status of the herd, and can over-predict Cu status during stress and inflammation. On the other hand, assessment of liver Cu is the most reliable indicator of Cu stores, but it is an invasive procedure that requires specialized training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Cu levels in red blood cells to determine the Cu status, with special emphasis in their correlation with erythrocyte Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (ESOD), in bovines with Cu deficiency induced by high molybdenum and sulfur levels in the diet. MethodsThree similar assays were performed, with a total of twenty eight calves. The Cu-deficient group (n = 15) received a basal diet supplemented with 11 mg of Mo/kg DM as sodium molybdate, and S as sodium sulfate. The control group (n = 13) received a basal diet supplemented with 9 mg of Cu/kg DM as copper sulfate.Samples of blood and liver were taken every 28–35 days. Cu levels were measured in liver (expressed as µg/g DM), plasma (expressed as µg/dl), and erythrocytes (expressed as µg/g Hb) by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity was determined in red blood cells and was expressed as IU/mg hemoglobin.InfoStat Statistical Software 2020 was used for the statistical analysis. Cu levels in plasma, red blood cells and liver, and ESOD activity were analyzed by ANOVA. The correlation between erythrocyte Cu levels and the rest of the parameters were analyzed by Pearson Correlation test. Unweighted Least Squares Linear Regression of SOD1 was developed. The autocorrelation between the monthly measurements was also determined by Durbin-Watson test and autocorrelation function. ResultsThe assays lasted 314–341 days, approximately. Levels indicative of Cu deficiency for bovines were detected at 224 days (23 ± 11.6 µg/g DM) for liver Cu concentration; and at 198 days (55 ± 10.4 µg/dl) for plasma Cu concentration, in Cu-deficient animals. Liver and plasma Cu values indicative of Cu deficiency were not observed in the control group.Pearson Correlation test indicated that all indices of Cu status used in this study were significantly correlated. The highest value was obtained between ESOD and red blood Cu (0.74). There was a significant correlation between red blood Cu and plasma Cu (0.65), and with hepatic Cu (0.57). ESOD activity showed a similar significant positive correlation with liver Cu concentrations and with plasma Cu (0.59 and 0.58, respectively). ConclusionThe extremely low levels of liver and plasma Cu, the ESOD activity, erythrocyte Cu levels, and the periocular achromotrichia observed in the Cu-deficient animals showed that the clinic phase of Cu deficiency was reached in this group. The ESOD activity and erythrocyte Cu levels showed a strong association, indicating that the values of erythrocyte Cu may serve as an effective tool in assessing Cu status and diagnose a long-term Cu deficiency in cattle.

Porous NiMoO4-NrGO as a Battery-Like Electrode Material for Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors

Recently, much research has investigated nanocomposites and their properties for the development of energy storage systems. Supercapacitor performance is usually enhanced by the use of porous electrode structures, which produce a larger surface area for reaction. In this work, a biocompatible polymer of starch medium was used to create the porous nanostructure. Two powders, i.e., Nickel molybdate/reduced graphene oxide (NiMoO4-rGO) and Nickel molybdate/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NiMoO4-NrGO), were synthesized using the deposition method in a medium containing starch, nickel nitrate salts, sodium molybdate, and graphene oxide powder. In terms of electrochemical performance, the NiMoO4-NrGO electrode displayed a higher specific capacitance, i.e., 932 Fg−1 (466 Cg−1), than the NiMoO4-rGO electrode, i.e., 884 Fg−1 (442 Cg−1), at a current density of 1 Ag−1. In fact, graphene oxide sheets could lose more oxygen groups in the presence of ammonia, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. For the asymmetric supercapacitor of NiMoO4-NrGO//AC, the specific capacitance at 1 Ag−1, energy density, and power density were 101.2 Fg−1 (111.32 Cg−1), 17 Wh kg−1, and 174.4 kW kg−1, respectively. In addition, this supercapacitor material displayed a good cycling stability of over 82%.

Molybdoenzymes isolated from S. glanis liver can produce nitric oxide from nitrates and nitrites

Nitric oxide (NO) plays numerous essential physiological functions in terrestrial animals. In mammals, NO production from l-arginine is catalysed by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). In recent years, data have begun to emerge on NOS expression and the physiological significance of NO in ectothermic vertebrates such as fish. However, there are relatively fewer data compared to the mammalian system. Although it is already well known that animal molybdoenzymes can convert nitrate and nitrite into NO, there is almost no information on the content and properties of molybdoenzymes in fish organs in the scientific literature. In this regard, the objectives of the present work were to detect the activity of classical molybdoenzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) in the liver and to study their possible activity to reduce nitrate and nitrite to nitrogen monoxide. In this work, the intrinsic activity of XO and AO was examined by using their substrates. At the same time, their nitrate (NR) – and nitrite reductase (NiR) activity were determined. It was determined that XO and AO in the fish liver are mainly represented by the molybdenum-free forms. The presence of an additional source of molybdenum can activate both the intrinsic and the NR and NiR activities. The NiR activity of XO and AO was higher than their NR activity. The data shows that treatment at a concentration of sodium molybdate and glutathione of 1.0 mM increases all activities of XO and AO. The optimal conditions for maximum activation of exogenous molybdate for XO and AO were reached by heating at 70 °C for 5 minutes. The activity of XO increased almost 4.7 times, and the activity of AO 7.7 times compared with its intrinsic activity without heat treatment. NO is formed from nitrite by the enzymes XO and AO much more than from nitrate.

A vapor-liquid-solid mechanism for in-situ deposition of ultra-small hollow MoS2 nanoparticles in N-doped carbon foam as an anode of lithium-ion batteries

Although molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been nominated as a high theoretical capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), intrinsic low electrical conductivity and massive volume expansion are significant obstacles to its application investment. Herein, a novel synthesis method has been developed to prepare the carbon foam/MoS2 (CF/MoS2) nanocomposite through an in-situ vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism to overcome its inherent disadvantages as a LIBs anode. A newfound MoS-polyHIPE, polyHIPE containing Mo and S precursors, was synthesized to provide the reaction confinement spaces. The in-situ reaction between sodium molybdate melt and gaseous sulfur products derived from decomposing the S precursor in the highly nanoporous polymer during low-temperature pyrolysis (700 °C) led to the precipitation of MoS2 nanoparticles in the carbon backbone. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman analysis demonstrated the formation of 1T/2H-MoS2. The TEM and HAADF-STEM micrographs revealed the ultra-small MoS2 nanoparticles with a hollow spherical shape well-distributed in the carbon framework. The unique composite structure of the homogeneously dispersed tiny nanoparticles in a nanoporous matrix caused fast diffusion of lithium ions, separated MoS2 nanoparticles without aggregation, and structural stability. The prepared composite exhibited a high specific capacity of 1051 mAh g−1 after 100 charge/discharge cycles. The composite also exhibited a significant specific capacity of 600 mAh g−1 at the high current density of 3C as an anode material for LIBs.

Thermodynamically Driven Tilt Grain Boundaries of Monolayer Crystals Using Catalytic Liquid Alloys.

We report a method to precisely control the atomic defects at grain boundaries (GBs) of monolayer MoS2 by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth using sodium molybdate liquid alloys, which serve as growth catalysts to guide the formations of the thermodynamically most stable GB structure. The Mo-rich chemical environment of the alloys results in Mo-polar 5|7 defects with a yield exceeding 95%. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of VLS-grown polycrystalline MoS2 films markedly exceeds that of the films, exhibiting abundant S 5|7 defects, which are kinetically driven by vapor-solid-solid growths. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the enhanced PL intensity is due to the suppression of nonradiative recombination of charged excitons with donor-type defects of adsorbed Na elements on S 5|7 defects. Catalytic liquid alloys can aid in determining a type of atomic defect even in various polycrystalline 2D films, which accordingly provides a technical clue to engineer their properties.

Preparation and study of a molybdate passivation film on zinc alloy

Molybdate passivation film was prepared on the surface of Zn-Fe alloy coating by chemical passivation treatment, and compared with unpassivation and conventional tungstate passivation film. The surface leveling of molybdate passivation film is the best, and tungstate surface still has a few protrusions. Salt spray test shows that the white rust time after passivation by sodium molybdate is up to 127 h, which is much longer than the unpassivation time. After passivation, the corrosion current density of the two passivated surfaces decreased significantly, and the molybdate passivated surface was 0.815 × 10−2 μA cm−2, tungstate passivated surface was 1.653 × 10−2 μA cm−2, and the unpassivated surface was 2.187 × 10−2μA cm−2.EIS experiment showed that the corrosion current density of the two passivated surfaces decreased significantly. Molybdate passivation has the highest resistance Rp 3582.9 Ω ·cm2.

Synergistic enhancement of corrosion protection of carbon steels using corrosion inhibitors and biocides: Molecular adsorption studies, DFT calculations and long-term corrosion performance evaluation

Corrosion of carbon steel (CS) water pipelines is a major concern worldwide today, which causes leakage of precious water, damage valuable assets, interruption of the water supply, and pose the danger of contamination. In the present work, we demonstrate synergistic enhancement of corrosion protection of CS using biocides (BC) and corrosion inhibitor (CI) combinations of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) and an ionic liquid, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL). 25 ppm of biocides (BC) such as benzalkonium chloride, bronopol, and isothiazoline showed excellent antimicrobial activity against the slime formers and manganese and iron-oxidizing bacteria (Mn/IOB). Electrochemical analysis showed nearly 98% corrosion inhibition efficiency of mixed CI and the anticorrosion mechanism of these CI on iron was further studied by quantum chemical calculations and adsorption studies. Molecular adsorption of the inhibitors onto the Fe(110) surface, modeled from first principle calculations, showed that adsorption energies of the ZnCl2, H3PO4, Na2MoO4 and the IL inhibitor molecules were − 1.94 eV, − 9.73 eV, − 2.14 eV and − 2.46 eV, respectively, in the order of H3PO4 >IL>Na2MoO4 >ZnCl2 indicating thermodynamically favorable interactions which was in good agreement with the experimental data. The long term efficiency of these BC and CI combinations was also tested under accelerated conditions in a pilot scale cooling tower. Nearly 92% corrosion inhibition efficiency was shown by a combination of all CI and BC when compared to corrosion inhibitors alone (81%). These findings are very promising for addressing the corrosion issues in carbon steel water pipelines.

Effect of Process Parameters on Electrodeposition Process of Co-Mo Alloy Coatings

Plating bath composition, temperature, current density, and pH have a great influence on the properties of a Co-Mo alloy coating. However, these conclusions are obtained from the perspective of test results. Most of the factors that affect the properties of the coating operate by interfering with the electrodeposition process. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the kinetics of the electrodeposition process. To further study the influence of process parameters on the deposition process of Co-Mo alloy coatings, cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning linear voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance testing (EIS) were used to study the deposition kinetics of Co-Mo alloy coatings. The results show that with the increase in sodium molybdate content in the plating solution, more Mo elements are involved in the deposition process. At the same time, a higher Mo element content can reduce the dissolution of the coating as the anode and improve the service life of the coating, but too high a Mo element content will lead to cracks on the surface of the coating. The deposition temperature will affect the processes of reduction deposition and oxidation dissolution of the coating. The pH of the plating bath will directly affect the reduction reaction process of MoO42− ions in the plating bath. With the increase in the pH value, the reduction reaction rate of MoO42− ions decreases, and the cathodic reduction reaction current density decreases. At the same time, the peak current density of anodizing decreases with the decrease in the pH value of the plating solution, indicating that the alkaline plating solution has an inhibitory effect on the plating dissolution process.

Bimetallic CoMoO4 Nanosheets on Freestanding Nanofiber as Wearable Supercapacitors with Long-Term Stability

Currently, lightweight wearable energy storage devices are in great demand owing to their use in wearable electronics and energy-efficient electric vehicles. Freestanding carbon nanofibers replace the need for metal substrates while providing a rapid electrical network owing to their excellent electrical properties. Bimetallic oxides with multivalent oxidation states facilitate the rapid transfer of electrolytic ions owing to efficient Faradaic reactions, thereby enhancing the overall energy storage capability. In this study, CoOx@CNF was derived from ZIF-67 (zeolitic-imidazolate framework) @PAN-2MI fibers that were stabilized in air at 280°C and then annealed in argon at 900°C. Subsequently, Co was seeded on the annealed CoOx@CNF and subjected to a hydrothermal process in sodium molybdate dihydrate solution to grow CoMoO4 nanosheets, eventually forming bimetallic CoMoO4@CNF. The concentration of sodium molybdate solution was varied to determine the optimal growth conditions for CoMoO4 nanosheets. The energy density of the optimal bimetallic CoMoO4@CNF sample was 166.5 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 200 μW cm-2; this represented a nearly twofold increase compared to that of the single metallic CoOx@CNF. Powering humidity sensors using only one CoMoO4@CNF supercapacitor was demonstrated. The optimal sample remained stable during long-term galvanostatic charge and discharge cycles ( N cyc = 30,000 ) and retained 100% of its specific capacitance.

Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Performance Evaluation of Reusable MoS2 Nanoflowers under Visible Light

2D semiconductor material, Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2), with unique properties similar to that of graphene, is considered as a potential candidate for photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. In the current work, MoS2 was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using sodium molybdate and thiourea as precursors. The calculated band gap values of MoS2 grown at 200 °C and 180 °C were 2.1 eV and 1.98 eV, respectively. Flower like morphology was observed from FESEM analysis. Multi layered structure of MoS2 was confirmed from the difference the peak value obtained for A1g and E1 2g vibrational modes observed from Raman spectra. The reusability of the synthesized MoS2 was analyzed against MB dye degradation. The pristine MoS2 removed ∼98% of the dye molecules from the water under the minimum wattage (20 W) of visible light in 180 min. The catalyst retained good stability even after the third degradation, confirming the reusability of MoS2. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the grown MoS2 nanostructures. The gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria used in present study were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Bacillus serius. Investigation of the antibacterial activity of MoS2 against these four different pathogens was carried out in detail and the resistance function was measured.

Improvement on Growth, Yield, Economics and Soil Fertility Status of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Under Integrated Nutrient Management

An On-farm Trial (OFT) was conducted during rabi season of 2016–17 at farmers’ field in Ragudiapada village of Angul district in Odisha, India using randomized block design with ten replications to study the improvement on growth, yield, economics and soil fertility status of blackgram under integrated nutrient management. The results indicated that 75% STBFR+FYM @ 2.0 t ha-1 incubated with PSB @ 5 kg ha-1+seed inoculation of Rhizobium culture @ 20 g kg-1 of seed+sodium molybdate @ 0.3 g kg-1 of seed recorded significantly higher plant height(43.52 cm),branches plant-1 (4.85), nodules plant-1 (22.75), pods plant-1 (21.2), seeds pod-1 (6.19), grain yield (6.45 q ha-1) and harvest index (37.2%). The same treatment fetched higher gross return of ` 32787 ha-1 with a benefit– cost ratio of 1.67 and additional net return of ` 4861 ha-1 as compared STBF. With regards to soil fertility after crop harvest, the same treatment resulted in the highest soil available nitrogen (220.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (12.07 kg ha-1) and potassium (193.05 kg ha-1) which was 14.3, 11.8,9.7% higher over the initial soil status, respectively. Thus, 75% STBFR+FYM @ 2.0 t ha-1incubated with PSB @ 5 kg ha-1+seed inoculation of Rhizobium culture @ 20g kg-1 of seed+sodium molybdate @ 0.3 g kg-1 of seed is the proven technology which is effective for higher crop growth, yield, profitability and soil fertility status of blackgram under mid central table land zone of Odisha.

Employing Redox‐Active Additives for Enhanced Charge Polarization and Twofold Higher Energy Density in Supercapacitor

AbstractRemarkable improvement in the polarization and charge transport at the solid–solid electrode–electrolyte interface due to the incorporation of a redox‐active additive sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) is demonstrated. The presence of the electrochemically active oxide center along with Na+facilitates the hopping‐based charge transport of the ionic liquid leading to higher ionic conductivity and a twofold increase in specific capacitance (0.009 to 0.018 F cm−2). This drives a 200% increase in the energy density (0.76–1.7 µW h cm−2) and a 2.5 times improvement in the rate capability (10 000 mV s−1) of the solid‐state supercapacitor. Importantly, the power density, non‐Faradic nature, and cyclability remain unaltered, resulting in performance exceeding several solid‐state and liquid electrolyte‐based supercapacitors. Thus, the results established here through the use of redox‐active additive establish the robustness of the approach and practicality of the resulting device besides providing transformative opportunities in tuning the performance of solid‐state devices.

Dissolution of Molybdenum in Hydrogen Peroxide: A Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Microscopic Study of a Green Process for 99mTc Production.

99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals are the most commonly used medical radioactive tracers in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging. Due to the expected global shortage of 99Mo, the parent radionuclide from which 99mTc is produced, new production methods should be developed. The SORGENTINA-RF (SRF) project aims at developing a prototypical medium-intensity D-T 14-MeV fusion neutron source specifically designed for production of medical radioisotopes with a focus on 99Mo. The scope of this work was to develop an efficient, cost-effective and green procedure for dissolution of solid molybdenum in hydrogen peroxide solutions compatible for 99mTc production via the SRF neutron source. The dissolution process was extensively studied for two different target geometries: pellets and powder. The first showed better characteristics and properties for the dissolution procedure, and up to 100 g of pellets were successfully dissolved in 250-280 min. The dissolution mechanism on the pellets was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After the procedure, sodium molybdate crystals were characterized via X-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopy and the high purity of the compound was established by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The study confirmed the feasibility of the procedure for production of 99mTc in SRF as it is very cost-effective, with minimal consumption of peroxide and controlled low temperature.