Sodium Malate Research Articles

Some observations on the utilization of organic compounds by purple sulphur bacteria

Enrichment cultures of purple sulphur bacteria from Delft mud were made in inorganic media. By means of shake-cultures in agar with inorganic salts it was attempted to isolate a strain, the growth of which was not favoured by organic substances. This aim could not be attained as all strains isolated throve better in media containing sodium malate than in completely inorganic ones. So it may be concluded that purple sulphur bacteria, at least those isolated from ordinary mud, show a better development under photo-heterotrophic than under photo-autotrophic conditions.

On the Site of the Formation of Citric Acid in the Animal Body

Recent studies1,2 have demonstrated that the intravenous injection into dogs of the sodium salts of certain dicarboxylic acids, including malic acid, produces a marked and prompt increase in the amount of citric acid excreted in the urine. Simultaneous determinations of the citric acid content of urine and blood2 suggested that the kidney played an important part in the formation or elimination of citric acid after the injection of sodium malate. The following experiments were designed to more definitely elucidate the question of the site of citric acid formation under these experimental conditions.Adult male rats weighing from 250 to 450 gm. were given a citrate-low synthetic ration (casein, 18%; dextrin, 51%; Crisco, 27%; Wesson salt mixture, 4%) for a 5-day preliminary period. The animals were then lightly anesthetized with ether and sterile solutions of either sodium chloride (2.5%) or sodium malate (5%) were injected into the heart in amounts containing 100 mg. of sodium per kilo body weight. Prelimi...

The Effect of Sodium Malate Combinations Upon Gastric Acidity

Excerpt In a previous communication to this journal, one of us (J.K.) (1) studied the metabolism of a certain sodium malate mixture when employed as a dietary substitute for sodium chloride. The mi...

The Use of Sodium Malate Combinations as a Dietary Substitute for Sodium Chloride.

Article1 February 1930The Use of Sodium Malate Combinations as a Dietary Substitute for Sodium Chloride.JOHN C. KRANTZ JR., Ph.D.JOHN C. KRANTZ JR., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-8-826 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIntroduction: The prevalence of the prescribing of the diet of salt restriction for patients suffering with chronic interstitial nephritis, edema or hypertension is emphasized by Allen1who estimates this number to be more than two million in the United States. Although the most enthusiastic advocates of the diet of salt restriction claim beneficial results in cases of nephritis, edema and hypertension, little evidence is available in the literature indicating work upon the production of sodium chloride substitutes to increase the palatability of the salt restricted diet. In 1912 Javal2suggested the use of sodium bromide or iodide to improve the...Bibliography1 ALLEN FM: New York State Med. J. (1925), 25, 728. Google Scholar2 JAVAL MA: Zentr. Bioch. Hioph., (1912), 14, 526. Google Scholar2a Tuteur-Klin. Wochenschrift No. 37 (1918) 2467. Google Scholar3 ROSE WC: J. Pharm. Exp. Therap., (1925), 25, 59. Google Scholar4 UNDERHILL : J. Exper. Med., (1913), 18, 322 and 347. ROSE, W. C.: J. Pharm. Exp. Therap., (1925), 24, 123. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5 SALANTWISE WLS: Journ. Biol. Chem., (1916), 28, 27. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6 DOWNS CR: U. S. Patent 1,374,720, Chem. Abs., (1921), 15, 2641. Google Scholar7 OHTA K: Biochem. Z., (1912), 44, 482. Google Scholar8 WISE LE: Journ. Biol. Chem., (1916), 28, 185. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 UNDERHILLPACK : J. Pharm. and Exp. Therap., (1925), 25, 467. Google Scholar10 ROSE EC: J. Pharm. and Exp. Therap., (1925), 24, 123. Google Scholar11 BARGERO : Biol. Chem. Centr., (1906), 5, 504. Google Scholar12 RINGERFRANKELJONES : J. Biol. Chem., (1913), 14, 539. CrossrefGoogle Scholar13 MULLIKEN : Identification of Pure Organic Compounds, p. 83, Wiley & Sons. Google Scholar14 UNDERHILLWAKEMAN : J. Biol. Chem., (1922), 54, 701. CrossrefGoogle Scholar15 WILSON : J. Ind. and Eng. Chem., (1925), 17, 74. CrossrefGoogle Scholar46 FISCHER MH: Am. Med. Assn., (1914), 60, 1682. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN C. KRANTZJR., Ph.D.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Effect of Sodium Malate Combinations Upon Gastric AcidityJOHN C. KRANTZ JR., Ph.D., A. A. SILVER, M.D., BERNARD J. HOFFMAN 1 February 1930Volume 3, Issue 8Page: 826-834KeywordsDietEdemaHypertensionNephritisSaltsSodiumSodium chloride ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...

The action of succinate, malate, tartrate and citrate on the isolated intestine

Segments of the isolated intestine of the rabbit suspended in Locke's solution and containing sodium succinate exhibited increased activity in concentrations of N/30 to N/200. Stimulation was also observed in N/10 succinate, but this was usually preceded by primary depression. Sodium malate in concentrations of N/10 and N/30 caused depression, the rhythmic contractions disappearing almost entirely for a period of several minutes. This was followed, however, by improvement while the intestinal segments were still in contact with the salt. Stimulation was observed in tests with N/70 to N/100 sodium malate. Sodium tartrate dextro in Locke's solution produced the following results: A solution of N/10 made up by adding the salt to Locke's solution caused promptly a drop of tonus; rhythmic contractions became weak or disappeared entirely for a few minutes. The fact was less marked, however, with the same concentration of tartrate when it was substituted for an equivalent amount of sodium chloride. In this case a moderate decrease only of amplitude without a change of tonus in the small intestine was noticed. The large intestine showed a marked decrease of tonus and complete disappearance of rhythmic contractions. With weaker concentrations of tartrate, such as N/20 to N/50 a decrease of tonus was obtained, which was greater in segments of the large intestine, the effect diminishing with increase in dilution. The rhythmic contractions were usually augmented in force, especially in the ileum, the effects being the same with isosmotic and with hypertonic solutions. Observations on the action of citrate indicated that a solution of N/400 may increase the force of the contractions and sometimes also the tonus. The effect was different with more concentrated solutions. Tonus was depressed in practically all cases. Although the amplitude of the rhythmic contractions showed considerable augmentation with a solution of N/200, this was often preceded by a preliminary decrease.