Sodium Laurate Research Articles

Superhydrophobic and smart MgAl-LDH anti-corrosion coating on AZ31 Mg surface

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been widely used as “smart” containers in the field of metal corrosion protection, and have broad industrial prospects. It is environmentally friendly and feasible to use aliphatic carboxylates and corresponding acids as substitutes for harmful corrosion inhibitors. However, previous studies rarely involved comparing the anti-corrosion mechanisms of different aliphatic acids modified on the LDH surface, and the durability of the prepared coatings also needs to be improved. In this work, MgAl-LDH laminates were grown in situ on AZ31 substrates by a hydrothermal method, and then modified by sodium laurate (SL) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). Due to the physical barrier effect of the LDH layers, the spatial repulsion effect of the air film and the ion exchange reactions in the interlayer galleries, the functional coatings prepared exhibit smart and superior anti-corrosion performance on the magnesium substrates in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Compared with LDH-SDBS-8 coating, the obtained superhydrophobic LDH-SL-8 coating shows more excellent long-term corrosion protection owing to the stronger intercalation capacity.

Interfacial behavior and micellization of binary surfactant mixtures in the concentrated sodium aluminate solution

Methods to eliminate the negative effects of organics on alumina production have been required for many decades. Similar to sodium laurate (SL) and sodium stearate (SS), compounds such as sodium oxalate (SO), sodium benzoate (SB), and sodium citrate (SC) also exist as surfactants in concentrated sodium aluminate solutions. Herein, elevating the temperature reduced the maximum surface excess (Γmax) and saturated adsorption layer thickness (δ) but increased the cross-sectional headgroup area (Amin) of the surfactant molecules. The order of critical micellar concentration (CMC) was: SO > SC > SB > SL > SS, while the micellar size followed the sequence: SS > SL > SC > SB > SO. Addition of SO (or SC) increased the CMC of SB, SL, SS, and SC (or SO). However, SO and SC were observed to play different roles in the interfacial properties of the organics. Addition of SO increased the Γmax values of SC, SL, and SS, and decreased the Amin values. In contrast, adding SC reduced Γmax and δ values of SB, SO, and SS, and raised Amin values. SO could be readily incorporated into micelles relative to SC, possibly leading to formation of the small micelles in SB. Additionally, increasing the temperature reduced the molar fraction of SO (or SC) in the mixed micelles of the binary surfactant mixtures, and SC could assemble at the air/solution interface and be incorporated into mixed micelles at increasing temperatures. Finally, the CMC values calculated using a non-ideal model agreed well with those determined from experiments.

Stimuli-Responsive, Hydrolyzable Poly(Vinyl Laurate-co-vinyl Acetate) Nanoparticle Platform for In Situ Release of Surfactants.

A stimuli-responsive, sub-100 nm nanoparticle (NP) platform with a hydrolyzable ester side chain for in situ generation of surfactants is demonstrated. The NPs were synthesized via copolymerization of vinyl-laurate and vinyl-acetate [p-(VL-co-VA), 3:1 molar ratio] and stabilized with a protective poly(ethylene-glycol) shell. The NPs are ∼55 nm in diameter with a zeta potential of -54 mV. Hydrolysis kinetics in an accelerated, base-catalyzed reaction show release of about 11 and 30% of the available surfactant at 25 and 80 °C, respectively. The corresponding values in seawater are 22 and 76%. The efficiency of the released surfactant in reducing the interfacial tension, altering wettability, and stabilizing oil-water emulsion was investigated through contact angle measurements and laser confocal scanning microscopy and benchmarked to sodium laurate, a commercially available surfactant. All these measurements demonstrate both the efficacy of the NP system for surfactant delivery and the ability of the released surfactant to alter wettability and stabilize an oil-water emulsion.

Improved methane storage capacity of methane hydrate promoted by vesicles from carboxylate surfactants and quaternary ammonium

The maximum methane storage capacity (MSC) is of critical importance of methane hydrate to store methane. This paper reports the effects of vesicle solutions, formed through combination of carboxylate surfactants with cationic quaternary ammonium salt including hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC), on the formation of methane hydrate. It was found that vesicles could raise the maximum MSC of hydrate by about 10 (V/V, the volume of methane stored by one volume of hydrate) at appropriate anion and cation concentrations. For example, at 800 ppm (parts per million) of sodium laurate (SL) and 600 ppm of HACC concentrations, the formed vesicles could elevate the maximum capacity to 151 V/V, 5.3% higher than that of sodium laurate alone. The vesicles formed could increase the maximum MSC, from 136 V/V to 147 V/V by sodium oleate (SO) and HACC, 145 V/V to 153 V/V by sodium decanoate (SD) and HACC and 137 V/V to 149 V/V by SO and DTAC. The reason for the enhancement is that the large hydrophobic space of the vesicles could solubilize methane molecules and facilitate them to contact with water molecules.

Gentle fabrication of colorful superhydrophobic bamboo based on metal-organic framework

The efficient use of abundant renewable bamboo as high value-added decoration and building materials is of great significance for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and maintaining sustainable development. The key challenge is to explore efficient and gentle methods to improve the undesirable surface properties of bamboo. Herein, a colorful and superhydrophobic bamboo is gently fabricated by a facile in-situ growth and conversion method based on metal-organic framework (for constructing micro-nano composite structures) and subsequent coating of sodium laurate (for reducing surface energy) at room temperature. The resulting sodium laurate-coated cobalt-nickel double hydroxide layer (CoNi-DH-La) is demonstrated as an efficient superhydrophobic layer to exhibit excellent chemical and mechanical stability. Impressively, the as-obtained CoNi-DH-La-coated bamboo sheet (BS-CoNi-DH-La) shows positive performances in terms of mildew resistance, flame retardancy, and self-cleaning. More importantly, this gentle method can endow bamboo with multiple unfading colors by changing the type of inorganic salts during the preparation process and display good potential for large-scale production.

Fast fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on hardened cement paste using sodium laurate aqueous solution

In the present work, a novel and fast fabrication method was proposed to modify the surface of hardened cement paste (HCP) imparting superhydrophobic properties. Sodium laurate was selected as the modifier among the 6 kinds of sodium carboxylates because of its good water solubility and remarkable hydrophobic modification effect. After immersing in the aqueous solution of sodium laurate at room temperature for only 5 s, the ordinary Portland cement-based HCP surface exhibits superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle (CA) of 154.3° and a sliding angle of 8.7°. Colored superhydrophobic HCP can be prepared by using pigments or dyes to give the HCP surface a decorative effect. The aqueous solution of sodium laurate also imparts the superhydrophobic modification to the HCPs of aluminous cement and sulfoaluminous cement. Additionally, using the method of “cement coating + surface treatment”, the non-cement-based substrates can also be modified into a superhydrophobic surface with sodium laurate, thereby expanding the application range of this method. Furthermore, due to the extremely fast preparation speed, when the surface of HCP is damaged, its superhydrophobicity can be quickly repaired. After superhydrophobic modification, the capillary water absorption coefficient and water absorption rate of the HCPs decreased by 63.81% and 97.77% respectively in comparison with the pristine HCPs. Such easy fabrication, low cost, environmentally friendly, and easy repairable superhydrophobic surfaces have potential applications in the field of building materials such as rendering mortars with self-cleaning functions and colorful decorative effects.

Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill protects against sodium laurate-induced coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in rats.

To investigate the protective effects of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill (, STDP) in a rat model of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD). Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly into four groups: sham, CMD model, STDP, and nicorandil. After 4 weeks of treatment, CMD was induced by injection of sodium laurate (0.2 mL, 2 g/L) into the left ventricle while obstructing the ascending aorta. Rats in the sham group underwent an identical surgical procedure but were administered physiological (0.9% ) saline (0.2 mL). Twenty-four hours after surgery, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Heart tissues were removed for histopathology staining; apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were examined by Western blotting. The STDP group had a lower level of creatine kinase-myocardial band, lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac troponin-I than that in the CMD model group. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, myocardial ischaemia, and microthrombosis were relieved in the STDP group compared with CMD model group. Levels of endothelin-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, malondialdehyde, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein, and caspase-3 were lower, and levels of nitric oxide, Bcl-2, and superoxide dismutase were higher, in the STDP group in comparison with the CMD model group. STDP pretreatment improved the CMD induced by sodium laurate via anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and anti-oxidant mechanisms.

Identification of Key Excipients for the Solubilization and Structural Characterization of Lipoprotein Lipase, An Enzyme for Hydrolysis of Triglyceride.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an essential enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein into glycerol and fatty acids. One major hurdle in using LPL as a therapeutic has been its poor solubility/stability after purification. Solutions used to preserve purified LPL commonly contain either heparin, or concentrated glycerol and sodium chloride, resulting in hypertonic solutions. These solutions are not acceptable as pharmaceutical formulations. This paper describes the identification of a key excipient, sodium laurate, which can solubilize LPL in an isotonic environment without heparin or concentrated glycerol. A follow-up multi-variant study was performed to identify the effect of sodium laurate and its interaction with sodium chloride on the solubility and processing conditions of LPL. The LPL concentration (up to 14mg/mL) achievable in pharmaceutically relevant and salt-free conditions was identified to be closely correlated to the concentration of sodium laurate, which was co-concentrated with LPL. The result that sodium laurate increases stability of LPL characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and UV absorbance spectra suggests that the mechanism of solubilization of LPL by sodium laurate is related to LPL structural stabilization. The findings indicate that substrates and their enzymatic products can be strong stabilizers for other protein molecules.

“Soapy water” transformation of the “condenser” with self-cleaning ability and antibacterial activity

Superhydrophobic materials exhibit diverse application potential in various fields due to their excellent self-cleaning properties. However, it is still challenging to prepare bionic superhydrophobic materials employing the green methods. In this study, the “condenser” (simulated by a red copper spiral tube) with excellent self-cleaning properties and antibacterial activity has been prepared by a simple one-step “soapy water” immersion process without introducing any other reagents. The results demonstrate that the Cu[CH3(CH2)10COO]2 lamellar nanostructures are formed on the surface of “condenser” owing to the oxidation of copper upon immersion in the sodium laurate aqueous solution. The as-formed nanostructures exhibit excellent self-cleaning performance and can significantly inhibit the growth and proliferation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which is significant for the upgradation of the safety and comfort features of the new generation air-conditioners. Moreover, the ruptured superhydrophobic coating on the copper tube can be effectively restored by a facile re-soaking process. Therefore, the present approach, with simple one-step solution-immersion process, low cost, short immersion period, environmental friendliness and optimal applicability to a variety of metal structures of different shapes, represents a promising strategy for fabricating the low-cost superhydrophobic surfaces applicable to the condenser and heat transfer systems, thereby, promoting the development of the self-cleaning and antibacterial smart devices.

ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH NATRIUM LAURAT DAN KALIUM PALMITAT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU FOAMING AGENT PEMADAM KEBAKARAN

The calculation of the added value of using a foaming agent based on sodium lauric and potassium palmitate for palm oil as a peatland fire suppression needs to be studied. This was to determine prospects for further development because it is predicted that peatland fires will continue to recur every year during the dry season. The Hayami method used to analyze the added value of sodium lauric and potassium palmitate as the primary raw materials for foaming agents. The results showed that the production of foaming agents for peatland firefighting applications made from sodium laurate and potassium palmitate of palm oil provided added value with positive criteria, i.e. the ratio of value-added criteria was 80.87% (> 0). In addition to that, the business also provided high-profit categories because the added value category ratio was 80.87% (> 40%). From the analysis of remuneration, it was produced that the foaming agent production business was a capital-intensive since the contribution of the labour income value was 0.89%, other expenses contributed 3.73% and the profit from the entrepreneur as the owner capital of 95.37% which was the largest contribution in providing profit margins. However, the development of a foaming agent production business based on palm oil fatty acids will add new jobs and create new economic impacts in the area of the business locations as well as to increase the amount of palm oil derivative products. Keywords: added value, foaming agent, sodium lauric, potassium palmitate, palm oil

Determining binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to micelles formed by SDS and SOL using semi-equilibrium dialysis

Micellar enhanced ultra-filtration (MEUF) is a modified ultrafiltration (UF) method that can remove small molecules that are not effectively removed by UF alone. In this work we used a similar semi-equilibrium dialysis (SED) method to characterize two anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium laurate (SOL), as MEUF candidates to remove several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. These anionic surfactants have low toxicity and are more biodegradable compared to the fairly toxic and persistent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) and similar cationic surfactants, which is important as MEUF surfactants may be present in the treated effluent. The log binding constants (Log KB) of the PAHs naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and fluorene to SDS ranged from 3.07 to 4.48, which compared well with the previous results for CTABr and indicated that SDS is an excellent candidate for MEUF. The log binding constants for the same PAHs with SOL micelles ranged from 2.11 to 3.53, which suggested that SOL might be adequate for stronger-binding PAH like pyrene and fluorene but less suitable for naphthalene and phenanthrene. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between the Log KB with one micelle type and the Log KB with the other, suggesting a common set of properties and interactions are responsible for the binding. Similar to the previous results for CTABr, a significant correlation between Log KB and Log KOW values indicates that hydrophobic character is the main driving force for PAH binding with these anionic micelles. This may also be useful for predicting MEUF performance for various compound/surfactant combinations where Log KB is not known.

Permeabilities and Mechanical Properties of Hardened Cement Pastes Modified with Sodium Laurate and Nano Silica.

In this work, a method of imparting hydrophobicity and high strength to hardened cement paste (HCP) is proposed. Sodium laurate (SL) was used as a hydrophobic modifier and nano silica (NS) as a pozzolan. The HCP was modified by SL and NS simultaneously. HCP modified with different contents of SL and NS was prepared. Surface wettability, micro-structures, chemical composition, and organic structure were systematically studied using contact angle (CA) measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), respectively. The surface CA of the sample is 138.5° and has high hydrophobicity. Compared with the reference sample, the water absorption of the modified sample reduced by 96.55%, while the compressive strength only reduced by 6.91%. Therefore, using hydrophobic modifier and reinforcing agent as cement admixture is an effective method to endow concrete with hydrophobicity and high strength at the same time.

Suspension Culture of Erythrocytes in the Assessment of the Detergent Functional Component Toxicity Level

Background. The study is devoted to the assessment of the cytotoxic properties of various surfactants by a method that is highly sensitive to identification of their negative effect on living mammalian cells.Objective. The aim of the work is to carry out a comparative assessment of modern surfactants in terms of the degree of manifestation of cytotoxic properties.Methods. The study of 10 surfactants was carried out with a new method for assessing the cytotoxic effect of agents based on surfactants, which is a modification of The RBC Hemolysis Test and Hemoglobin Denaturation Test. This method calculates the integral cytotoxicity index, which takes into account the data obtained by two tests. The following indicators were determined in the work: the percentage of hemoglobin denaturation in a 1% surfactant solution (D, %), the concentration of the surfactant solution at which hemolysis of 50% erythrocytes occurs (H50,%), and the cytotoxicity coefficient (Cc, conv. un.) of surfactants which is calculated by the formula Cc = H50/D×10000.Results. According to the integral Cc indicator, the studied surfactants can be ranked according to the degree of toxicity reduction in the following order: sodium lauryl sulfate (0.09) – sodium laurate sulfate (0.13) – cocamidopropyl betaine (0.27) – sodium salt of polyethoxysulfosuccinate (0.27) – alkyldimethyl betaine (1.07) – disodium cocoamphodiacetate (1.99) – sodium salt n-palmethylglutamic acid (3.22) – cocoglucoside (27.86). Diethanolamides of coconut oil fatty acids and polyquaternium 7 in the studied concentration range (up to 1%) did not show denaturation properties.Conclusions. Studies have shown that surfactants significantly differ from each other by the level of the damaging effect, the most aggressive components were anionic and amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants have a significantly lower cytotoxic effect (10 times). The results obtained should be taken into account when creating soft agents based on surfactants.

Effect of Alkyl Structure (Straight Chain/Branched Chain/Unsaturation) of C18 Fatty Acid Sodium Soap on Skin Barrier Function

Anionic surfactants are commonly used as detergents and emulsifiers. However, these compounds are potent skin irritants. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the alkyl structure of anionic surfactants on the skin barrier function using the transmission index (TI) method. The TI method is used to measure the skin penetration rate of drugs. Sodium soaps of C18 fatty acids with different structures were evaluated. Sodium laurate was used as the control. In addition, microscopic observations of the skin tissue treated with different soaps and controls were performed to study the mechanism of skin permeation. Results showed that unsaturated fatty acid soaps exerted the most potent effect on the skin barrier function and saturated fatty acid soaps exerted the least effect; saturated branched fatty acid soap had an intermediate effect. This could be attributed to the differences in the melting points of different fatty acids. In addition, unlike lauric acid soap, C18 fatty acid soap did not cause morphological changes in the skin tissue. Thus, differences in the alkyl structure of fatty acids resulted in differences in the effect of fatty acid soaps on the skin barrier function. The mechanism was presumed to be an effect on intercellular lipids.

Preparation of metal-organic framework based carbon materials and its application to adsorptive removal of cefepime from aqueous solution

Metal-organic framework based carbon material UC-X was prepared by template method, and adopted to remove cephalosporins from aqueous solution. The effect of templates including cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium laurate was discussed. The UC-0.1 with the pore size of 5.38 nm has the best adsorption. According to FTIR spectrum, with the gradual increase of sodium laurate, the functional groups like CO increased, which promoted the adsorption capacity of cefepime in UC-X materials from 42.52 to 84.23 mg⋅g−1. The optimal conditions for the adsorption of cefepime were determined by the response surface method: the adsorption temperature was 25.8 °C, the initial pH value was 6.11, and the ionic strength was 1.13 g·L−1. Under the best adsorption condition, the adsorption-desorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of UC-0.1 material decreased by less than 10 % after five times usage, which indicated that its recycling property was competitive. The adsorption process conformed to the mixed-order kinetic model, and the error of equilibrium adsorption capacity between model fitting and actual experiments is not more than 1 %. The overall results of adsorption isotherm model and thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that Redlich-Peterson isothermal model could describe the adsorption process better.

Effects of foaming agent on properties of foamed gel

To improve foam expansion and the stability of the foamed gel selected as the starting point, three foaming agents with relatively higher foam expansion and three foam stabilizers were used to determine optimum gradient and composition of the gel. Sodium laurate and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at a proportion of 2:3 were observed to produce the desirable foaming property and also created the largest foaming volume after the addition of 0.2% polyethylene glycol as the foam stabilizer. Different concentrations of gelatinizing and cross-linking agents were added to the foamed gel containing the foaming agent and the foam stabilizer. The most suitable ratio of the gelatinizing agent and the cross-linking agent determined on the basis of volume of foam dewatering after the addition of foam stabilizer for 6 h was 0.6%:0.5%. The resulting foamed gel was evaluated for rheological and plugging properties and a decrease in the viscosity of the gel and better plugging effect on coal seam were observed.

Effect of chitosan/Nano-TiO2 composite coatings on the postharvest quality and physicochemical characteristics of mango fruits

The chitosan nano-coating film used during the storage and preservation of fruits and vegetables is attracting increasing attention. In this investigation, the chitosan/titanium dioxide nanocomposite (nano-TiO2) coating was prepared with using chitosan as the primary film-forming material and nano-TiO2 modified by sodium laurate. More importantly, the effects of the chitosan monolayer treatment and chitosan/nano-TiO2 composite coating on the postharvest physiology and storage of mangoes were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were used to examine the composite membranes containing different concentrations of nano-TiO2. The results showed that the mass fractions of the chitosan and nano-TiO2 in the chitosan/nano-TiO2 composite film were 1 % and 0.03 %, respectively. The decay index of the composite coated fruits was 14.49 % lower than the control group (CK), and the breathing peak appeared 5 d later. The composite membrane enhanced the firmness of the mangoes, which was 5.9 kg/cm2 higher that of than uncoated fruits. The total soluble solid content (TSS) was 6.53 % lower than in CK. Furthermore, the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of the composite coated fruits, as well as the total phenol and flavonoid content was also higher than in CK, while the malonaldehyde (MDA) content was lower than that in CK. These results indicated that the chitosan/nano-TiO2 composite coating could maintain the nutrient composition of mangoes while playing a significant role in preserving the quality of fruit at 13 °C.

PEMANFAATAN FOAMING AGENT DARI MINYAK SAWIT PADA BETON RINGAN

Foaming agent contains surfactant that facilitates formation of foam to reduce the surface tension of liquid so that it can easily form bubbles. This time, foaming agent is used to produce lightweight concrete. Surfactant can be produced from fatty acid of palm oil named potassium palmitate and natrium laurate. The aim of this study to formulate a foaming agentfor production of lightweight concrete that could form foam that has best performances. Foaming agent for lightweight concrete was made mixturing from surfactant of potassium palmite and sodium laurate, sodium silicate and water. Design of experiment used was Completely Randomized Factorial Design with α = 5% and Duncan post hoc test with α = 5%. Analysis of variance showed consentration of surfactant and consentration of natrium silicate has significant effect in foam stability, foaming ability, foam size and surface tension.The best formulation of foaming agent was foaming agent made from 15% of surfactant, 5% of natrium silicate and 80% of water. Its performances was foam stability of 92.72%, foaming ability of 173.33%, foam size of 249.54 µm and surface tension of 27.78 dyne/cm. Keywords: foaming agent, palm oil, surfactant, sodium silicate, lightweight concrete

Protective effects and potential mechanism of salvianolic acid B on sodium laurate-induced thromboangiitis obliterans in rats

BackgroundThe root of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba (RSMA) (Lamiaceae) is used for the treatment of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) in traditional Chinese medicine. Previously, a mixture of phenolic acids extracted from RSMA has shown significant protective effects on TAO rats. PurposeThis study investigates the inhibitory effects of salvianolic acid B on TAO induced by sodium laurate injection in rats to explore the effective constituents of RSMA in TAO treatment. MethodsTAO rats were developed using injected sodium laurate. After treatment with ligustrazine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg) and various doses of salvianolic acid B (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) by tail intravenous injection, levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in plasma were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The right femoral arteries were studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis to determine pathological changes and overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the femoral artery walls of TAO rats. ResultsSalvianolic acid B significantly decreased the expressions of TXB2 and ET-1 and increased the expression of 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma, and significantly inhibited the overexpression of TNF-α and iNOS in the femoral artery walls of TAO rats at medium and high doses. ConclusionSalvianolic acid B has a protective effect on TAO rats. The mechanism may involve inhibition of thrombosis and TAO-associated inflammatory responses, which may explain the success of RSMA treatment of TAO in humans in traditional Chinese medical practice. Hence, it may be a potential drug for TAO treatment in conventional medicine.

Superhydrophobic copper surface fabricated by one-step immersing method in fatty acid salt aqueous solution for excellent anti-corrosion and oil/water separation properties

One-step immersing method is proposed to fabricate superhydrophobic coating on the surface of copper plate and copper mesh in sodium laurate or sodium decanoate aqueous solution. The appropriate concentration range of fatty acid sodium salts and the immersing time are investigated systematically, exhibiting a short immersing time (3 h) to form superhydrophobic surfaces. The sheet structures on the superhydrophobic surfaces are confirmed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction measurements. The formation mechanism is analyzed according to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope and Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectra measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate the excellent anti-corrosion property with corrosion inhibition efficiency of 99.14% in Yellow Sea water. The superhydrophobic copper mesh is proved to be applicable for a variety of oil/water separation, including oils in lab and in daily life. The superhydrophobic copper surface fabricated in this paper will have potential applications in the protection of metal corrosion and the removal of oil contamination.