Sodium Form Research Articles

Surface Modification of Olive Stone Waste for Enhanced Sorption Properties of Cadmium and Lead Ions

Abstract This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of an efficient anionic olive stone waste-based material as new ion-exchanger adsorbent. The olive stone waste was subjected to an alkaline pretreatment in order to enhance their reactivity towards maleic anhydride. The maleate-derived material MOS was characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, TGA and DSC. The resulting sodium form of material NaMOS was subjected to batch experiments in order to evaluate its cadmium and lead removal efficiency. Adsorption experimental data showed a uniform and rapid process. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were found to fit adequately the equilibrium isotherm data. The sorption capacities reached 240.96 mg Cd g−1 and 127.38 mg Pb g−1. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was exothermic and the adsorption occurred spontaneously. The desorption experiments show a quantitative recovery of the metal ions from NaMOS material.

Chromatographic Recovery of Monosaccharides and Lignin from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates.

The chromatographic recovery of monosaccharides and lignin from lignocellulosic hydrolysates was studied at laboratory and pilot scale. A weak cation‐exchange resin in sodium form and a water eluent gave good separation efficiency. Scale‐dependent phenomena, especially viscous fingering resulting from the large viscosity and density differences between the hydrolysate feed and eluent, were observed. The issue was resolved in the pilot scale with appropriate selection of the flow direction, and a high productivity was achieved at 95 % recovery yield. The pH value of the feed was found to have no effect on the actual separation; however, the resin was significantly less colored at a higher pH value.

Preparation and assessment of poly(methacrylic acid-coethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as a novel disintegrant

Purpose: To prepare and evaluate poly(methacrylic acid (MAA)-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGD)) as a tablet disintegrant. Methods: Poly(MAA-co-EGD) in acid (H) and sodium (Na) forms at cross-linker (EGD) levels of 0.25 -16 % were synthesized and subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Swelling capacity, disintegration efficiency and cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells were determined using standard procedures. Results: Poly(MAA-co-EGD) in acid (H) and sodium (Na) forms were successfully prepared. In contact with water, the polymers in Na form swelled more than those in H form. The swelling capacities of polymers in H and Na forms decreased with increasing amounts of cross-linker. Incorporation of the polymers accelerated the disintegration of microcrystalline cellulose tablets (placebo), and the disintegration efficiency depended on the salt form and amount of cross-linker. The Na salt form of the polymer crosslinked at 16 % EGD was the best candidate disintegrant. When used at 2.5 and 10 %, the selected polymer effectively promoted the disintegration and drug release of propranolol hydrochloride tablets. Moreover, cytotoxicity tests showed that it was non-toxic to Caco-2 cells. Conclusion: The developed poly(MAA-co-EGD) possesses good disintegration and dissolution functionalities. Thus, it may be adopted as a new super-disintegrant for fast-release tablets. Keywords: Tablet disintegrant, Methacrylic acid, Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, Propranolol hydrochloride

Sunflower response to Boron supply when grown in a silty clay soil

Abstract The objective of this study is to identify the requirements and the response of sunflower to boron (B) supply when grown in a silty caly soil. Two native soils B contents have been prospected. The soil “1” contains 0.66 mg kg−1 of B and soil “2” contains 0.19 mg kg−1 of B (Hot water extraction). For soil “1”, six levels of B supply (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1) were tested during 2015 season. For soil “2”, six B rates (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg kg−1) were tested during 2016 season. B was applied in the sodium form (Na2B8O13·4H2O). The experiments were conducted in containers. The results showed the absence of B symptoms deficiency on sunflower grown in the both studied soils. The kernels B content at harvest was around 20 mg kg−1 for all B rates. The kernels yield components (Kernels dry weight, 1000 kernels weight and number of kernels per head) and the contents of kernels on oil and on protein did not show any enhancement with B application. However, B supply higher than or equal to 5 mg kg−1 and 10 mg kg−1 in soil “1” and in soil “2”, respectively, induced phytotoxicity symptoms without affecting growth, biomass and oil production.

Formation of Supramolecular Clusters at the Interface of Zeolite X Following the Adsorption of Rare-Earth Cations and Their Impact on the Macroscopic Properties of the Zeolite.

The adsorption behavior of neodymium (Nd3+ ) and yttrium (Y3+ ) cations on synthetic FAU zeolite X in its sodium form (NaX) has been investigated by means of macroscopic (adsorption isotherm determination and thermal analysis) and microscopic measurements (including solid-state NMR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction). The multidisciplinary study reveals some unexpected features. Firstly, adsorption constants of cations are not correlated to their ionic radii or hydration enthalpy. The adsorption constant of Y3+ on NaX was indeed about twice that of Nd3+ , which is the opposite of what could be expected based on the size of the cations. In addition, adsorption was accompanied by partial dealumination of the zeolite framework. The extent of dealumination changed depending on the exchanged cations, with the extent being more significant on the Nd-exchanged zeolite than on the Y-exchanged one. The most interesting finding of this study, however, is the presence of supramolecular clusters composed of water, Nd3+ , residual sodium ions, and extra-framework aluminum at the interface of Nd-exchanged zeolite. The hypothesis that these host-guest complexes are responsible of the significantly different behavior exhibited by NaX towards the adsorption/desorption of Nd3+ and Y3+ has been formulated.

A biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth using preparative liquid chromatography

Abstract This work studies the process development for the purification of 1,3-propanediol by batch preparative chromatography. The strongly acidic cation exchangers in hydrogen and sodium form were used as the stationary phases. The equilibrium adsorption of 1,3-propanediol and glycerol onto two polymeric resins were investigated and the model parameters were experimentally determined to process simulation. The work has proven that 1,3-propanediol can be isolated from the fermentation broth with high efficiency. The obtained results show that the Equilibrium-Dispersive model can be applied to simulation experiments and scale-up designs of chromatographic processes.

Biosorption of beryllium from aqueous solutions onto modified chitosan resin: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study

ABSTRACTThe goal of the present work is the recovery of beryllium ion from their solution by modified chitosan hydrogel. Chitosan was chemically cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to prevent its dissolution in aqueous acidic solutions. The obtained chitosan/glutaraldehyde adsorbent was reacted with chloroacetic acid to produce carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), which was converted into sodium form by reaction with sodium hydroxide solution to increase its hydrophilic properties. The chemically synthesized chitosan adsorbent contains carboxylate group that expected to have a strong affinity to beryllium ions according to the hard-soft acid-base concept by Pearson because that beryllium ion is a hard acid and has smaller ionic radii. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized and its affinity towards beryllium ions was tested. The different experimental parameters including pH, beryllium concentration, agitation period and temperature were studied to optimize the biosorption process. The maximum biosorption values of beryllium species on the investigated biosorbent are 44.96 and 36.72 mg/g at pH 1 and 5, respectively. Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the biosorption process were evaluated from kinetic and biosorption experiments. The adsorbed beryllium species were eluted with a 3 M H2SO4 solution.

Synthesis and Characterization of HMOR and Catalyst MoO<sub>3</sub>/HMOR, NiO/HMOR and Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/HMOR

The mordenite zeolite is one of the most important industrially zeolites, used as a solid catalyst for various reactions hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, alkylation, reforming, alkane oxidation, Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The aim of this study was to hydrothermal synthesis mordenite zeolite in its sodium form under hydrothermal conditions, in organic-free synthesis. The form HMOR of the zeolite mordenite was obtained by an ion exchange. For the preparation of the catalysts precursor salts were used: ammonium heptamolybdate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate dispersed from the impregnation by incipient wetness impregnation, such impregnated supports were calcined at 550 °C/4h to obtain the catalyst. The zeolite synthesized in the sodium form NaMOR in its ammonium form NH4MOR in form acid HMOR and their catalysts MoO3/HMOR, NiO/HMOR and Co2O3/HMOR were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of by Energy X-ray dispersive (FRX-ED). From the results it was possible to observe the formation of zeolite phase mordenite in its sodium and acid form and the effective impregnation and formation of the proposed catalysts.

Comparison of the divalent heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Cd) adsorption behavior by montmorillonite-KSF and their calcium- and sodium-forms

In this work, the sorption behaviors of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) by commercial montmorillonite-KSF (MT), sodium (Na-MT) and calcium (Ca-MT) forms are discussed considering, the structural characteristics of each clay material, the contact time, the initial concentration of the heavy metal ions in solution, the dosage of the adsorbents and the initial pH value. The characterization of all sorbents was performed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The pHPZC measurements were also determined. The contact between the metal ions solutions and clay materials were done in a batch system. Mathematical models (pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order) were employed to describe the three metals kinetic adsorption by MT, Na-MT, and Ca-MT as well as Langmuir and Freundlich models to analyze the adsorption isotherms. It was found that the inorganic salt treatments of MT promote an increase in Al/Mg ratio and pHPZC value of the unmodified clay, and hence, increased the sorption capacity. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best describes the sorption behavior (R2 = 1) and the k2 diminished when the MT has been modified by sodium and calcium ions. The variation of kinetic rate constant k2 (g/mg min−1) as a function of the adsorbent mass presents an exponential behavior for all clay materials. The initial pH of the metal solutions affects on the time to reach sorption equilibrium, and the percentage of the removal of metal ions in this condition. The mechanism involved on the sorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) by MT, Na-MT and Ca-MT are ion exchange and precipitation on the surface. The experimental data of the isotherms fitted to the Linear and Langmuir isotherms and the Kd parameter of Na-MT for Pb2+ and Cu2+ is higher than Ca-MT and MT, whereas the KL was lower in the case of Cd2+ sorption.

On the use of metal cation-exchanged zeolites in sorption thermochemical storage: Some practical aspects in reference to the mechanism of water vapor adsorption

The sodium form of industrial X-zeolite (13X) was compared with two other samples obtained by a partial (about 70%) cation exchange with Mg2+ (Mg-X) or a complete exchange with Ca2+ (Ca-X) in view of their use as adsorbents for water vapor in energy storage systems by sorption. Various sorption methods based on the specific interactions between two probing molecules (N2 and NH3) and specific surface sites were employed to monitor the hydration state of the zeolite surface as a function of the temperature of sample drying performed under vacuum degassing or gas-flow conditions. X-ray diffraction, volumetric sorption technique, temperature-programmed desorption, and gas flow calorimetry were combined with Monte Carlo simulations of the mechanism of water vapor adsorption on model zeolites to demonstrate that the general tendency to operate under mild drying conditions would always result in a state of partial hydration of the zeolite surface. To increase the amount of heat released upon subsequent adsorption from a flow of helium at a relative pressure of water vapor of about 0.03, the use of Mg-X sample was demonstrated the best alternative if the activation procedure was to be performed at 200°C. Here, the heat effect was 4–5 times greater than that measured in the case of 13X. This result is of high importance for the industrial-scale implementation of the energy storage by sorption.

Inhibition of bcl-2 and cox-2 Protein Expression after Local Application of a New Carmustine-Loaded Clinoptilolite-Based Delivery System in a Chemically Induced Skin Cancer Model in Mice.

Our research has focused on in vitro and in vivo evaluations of a new Carmustine (BCNU)-loaded clinoptilolite-based delivery system. Two clinoptilolite ionic forms—hydrogen form (HCLI) and sodium form (NaCLI)—were prepared, allowing a loading degree of about 5–6 mg BCNU/g of zeolite matrix due to the dual porous feature of clinoptilolite. Clinoptilolite-based delivery systems released 35.23% of the load in 12 h for the BCNU@HCLI system and only 10.82% for the BCNU@NaCLI system. The BCNU@HCLI system was chosen to develop gel and cream semisolid dosage forms. The cream (C_BCNU@HCLI) released 29.6% of the loaded BCNU after 12 h in the Nylon synthetic membrane test and 31.6% in the collagen membrane test, higher by comparison to the gel. The new cream was evaluated in vivo in a chemically induced model of skin cancer in mice. Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis showed stronger inhibition of B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (cox-2) protein expression, known markers for cancer survival and aggressiveness, after the treatment with C_BCNU@HCLI by comparison to all the control treatment types, including an off-label magistral formula commercially available Carmustine cream as reference, bringing evidence that a clinoptilolite-based delivery systems could be used as a cancer drug carriers and controlled release systems (skin-targeted topical delivery systems).

Conformations and molecular interactions of poly-\u03b3-glutamic acid as a soluble microbial product in aqueous solutions

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) are of significant concern in the natural environment and in engineered systems. In this work, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), which is predominantly produced by Bacillus sp., was investigated in terms of pH-induced conformational changes and molecular interactions in aqueous solutions; accordingly, its sedimentation coefficient distribution and viscosity were also elucidated. Experimental results indicate that pH has a significant impact on the structure and molecular interactions of γ-PGA. The conformation of the γ-PGA acid form (γ-PGA-H) is rod-like while that of the γ-PGA sodium form (γ-PGA-Na) is sphere-like. The transformation from α-helix to random coil in the γ-PGA secondary structure is primarily responsible for this shape variation. The intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the γ-PGA-H structure decrease and intramolecular electrostatic repulsion increases as pH increases; however, the sedimentation coefficient distributions of γ-PGA are dependent on intermolecular interactions rather than intramolecular interactions. Concentration has a more substantial effect on intermolecular electrostatic repulsion and chain entanglement at higher pH values. Consequently, the sedimentation coefficient distributions of γ-PGA shift significantly at pH 8.9 from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L, and the viscosity of γ-PGA (5% w/v) significantly increases as pH increases from 2.3 to 6.0.

Recovery of Ammonium by Powder Synthetic Zeolites from Wastewater Effluents: Optimization of the Regeneration Step

Nitrogen recovery and valorization is gaining interest due to the current need for nitrogen removal, so it is of great interest that ammonium-selective sorbents be evaluated. In this study, a zeolitic material synthesized from coal fly ash (Ze–Na) in sodium form as well as its modification to potassium form (Ze–K) were evaluated as sorbent materials for the recovery of ammonium from wastewater effluents. The sorption performance was assessed through three consecutive sorption-desorption cycles reporting opposite behavior in terms of ammonium sorption capacity. Decreasing in the case of Ze–Na and to slightly increase for Ze–K due to alkaline activation of zeolite surface. The maximum sorption capacities obtained were 109 ± 4 mg NH4/g and 33 ± 1 mg NH4/g for Ze–Na and Ze–K, respectively. It is important to point out that in the case of Ze–Na, the maximum sorbent capacity was obtained during the first sorption cycle whereas in the case of Ze–K, it was obtained during the last working cycle due to the alkaline regeneration. Kinetic studies showed that after every regeneration step, the sorption kinetics turn faster as alkaline desorption increased the zeolite-specific surface, thus increasing the size of porous and enhancing the diffusion through the particle. Results obtained indicate that sorption capacity decreased significantly after every working cycle using Ze–Na whereas Ze–K followed the opposite behavior despite its initial lower sorption capacity.

Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Cations Substituted to Faujasite Mineral.

A goal of our study was to find an alternative to nano-silver-based antimicrobial materials which would contain active silver immobilized in a solid matrix that prevents its migration into the surrounding environment. In this study, we investigated whether silver cations dispersed in an atomic form and trapped in an ion-exchanged zeolite show comparable antimicrobial activity to silver nanoparticles (NPs). The biocidal active material was prepared from the sodium form of faujasite type zeolite in two steps: (1) exchange with silver cations, (2) removal of the external silver oxide NPs by elution with Na2EDTA solution. The modified biocidal zeolite was then added to paper pulp to obtain sheets. The zeolite paper samples and reference samples containing silver NPs were tested in terms of biocidal activity against an array of fungi and bacteria strains, including Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Mortierella alpina. The paper with the modified faujasite additive showed higher or similar antibacterial and antifungal activities towards the majority of tested microbes in comparison with the silver NP-filled paper. A reverse effect was observed for the Mortierella alpina strain.

Relationship between salt tolerance and nanoparticle synthesis by Williopsis saturnus NCIM 3298.

This work describes cell associated and extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles by the yeast, Williopsis saturnus. The yeast was able to grow in the absence and presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) and form nanoparticles in a cell associated manner. The content of melanin, a stress-associated pigment was found to be progressively greater in the presence of increasing concentrations of NaCl. With higher quantities of melanin (extracted from yeast cells grown in the presence of 4% of NaCl), smaller sized nanoparticles were obtained. This is the first report on understanding the relationship between halotolerance, production of a stress-related pigment (melanin) and synthesis of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties by using W. saturnus as a model system. The cell free extracts derived from cultures grown in the absence of NaCl were able to mediate extracellular synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and the biomolecule mediating nanoparticle synthesis was identified to be a glycolipid. Extracellularly synthesized gold nanoparticles displayed good catalytic activity and rapidly mediated the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.

Comprehension of paraquat adsorption on faujasite zeolite X and Y in sodium form

The nature of paraquat adsorption is compared between zeolite NaX and NaY which have the same faujasite structure but different Si/Al ratio, namely 1.2 and 2.2, respectively. The adsorption was proposed to occur via ion exchange and expected to increase with Al content. However, NaX had a lower paraquat adsorption capacity than NaY. The bare and paraquat-containing zeolites (PQX and PQY) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS) NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of adsorbed paraquat was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Paraquat adsorbed in supercages of the zeolites resulting in a decrease of surface area and displacement of sodium cations. Results from 23Na MAS NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that interaction of sodium ions in the cavity of NaX was stronger than that in NaY, making it less exchangeable with paraquat.

Study of electro-osmotic drag coefficients in Nafion membrane in acid, sodium and potassium forms by electrophoresis NMR

The water electro-osmotic drag coefficient of a cation _ Kdrag(cation)_ is defined as the number of water molecules which is dragged by a cation when it goes through a membrane at equilibrium state (i.e. in the absence of water concentration gradient within membrane). This coefficient is one of the key elements for modeling the water balance through Nafion membrane in a proton Exchange membrane Fuel cell (PEMFC). In this work, we have applied the method of electrophoresis NMR (ENMR) to determine the coefficient of electro-osmotic drag (Kdrag) within Nafion prepared in different cationic forms (H+, Na+ and K+). Applying, in all cases, the same method for determining Kdrag of Nafion membrane in many cationic forms should be appropriate in order to apprehend the mechanisms of water transport which occur in this membrane. This method consists in measuring the phase of the water NMR signal under the application of an electric current in a diffusion-like experiment, this phase being proportional to the flux of water within Nafion. The results show that the electro-osmotic coefficients of water within Nafion depend on the type of counter-cation and on the water content of Nafion. Due to proton lability, the electro-osmotic drag coefficient of water within Nafion in the acid form (Kdrag(H+)) is the lowest among the three studied cationic forms. In a dehydrated state of Nafion, the Kdrag(H+) is lower than 1, suggesting here that the hopping mechanism is favored. In the case of Nafion in sodium and potassium forms, Kdrag of these cations is always higher than 1. This can be rationalized by the vehicular mechanism and also by a strong interaction between the water solvation of the cation and the cation itself.

Composites derived from exfoliated Laponite and Mn-Al hydrotalcite prepared in inverse microemulsion: A new strategy for design of robust VOCs combustion catalysts

A novel strategy of designing combustion catalysts is proposed, in which catalytically active oxide nanoparticles, obtained by inverse microemulsion method, are trapped between randomly oriented clay layers. MnAl hydrotalcite-like compound was used as the precursor of the active phase, while synthetic smectite Laponite RD, either in sodium form (Na-L) or as an organoclay, exchanged with cetyltrimethylammonium cations (CTA-L), served as the clay component. The composite catalysts were characterized with XRF, XRD, SEM, TEM/HRTEM, TG/DSC, H2 TPR, XPS, and N2 adsorption/desorption at −196°C. It was found that the degree of clay exfoliation was higher in materials obtained from CTA-L than in the catalysts prepared from Na-L. In organo-Laponite based composites the MnOx particles were smaller, more uniform, and better dispersed. Upon calcination they evolved towards well ordered, slightly oxygen-rich Mn3O4 nanocrystals, while in Na-L derived catalysts the MnOx grains were structurally less ordered and size-wise more diversified, of average oxidation state significantly higher than that characteristic of Mn3O4. All synthesized materials were highly active in combustion of toluene. Performance of composites based on Na-L was more susceptible to thermal degradation, while the organoclay-based catalysts improved their performance on the increase of the calcination temperature, showing eventually superior activity. The observed dependencies are discussed in terms of structure-composition-performance relationship. It is argued that, on one hand, the use of organoclay facilitates dispersion of the precursor micelles between the clay layers and prevents the occurrence of active phase coalescence, on the other, provides interlayer fuel for the additional heat input during calcination, enabling formation of well ordered, uniform, Mn3O4 nanocrystals with oxygen-rich surface of unique redox and catalytic properties. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of using organoclays as supports for the active oxide phase prepared from inverse micellar precursors.

HYDRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF KN-1 VION HEMOSORBTIONAL FIBRE IN SODIUM, IRON, LANTHANUM AND CHROMIC FORMS

In this article the method of the differential scanning calorimetry was realized for a water state assessment in sodium, iron, lanthanum and chromic forms of an ion-exchange fiber VION KN-1. The technique of carrying out the experiment is described. The objects of research were the hemosorbtional fiber VION KN-1. For study of process of dehydration, the fiber was transferred to metal forms with static upholding in solution of salt of the appropriate metal. Initially, the fiber was in the sodium form. Research of process of dehydration of fiber in metal forms was conducted with the synchronous thermal analysis using STA 449 F3, Jupiter, NETZSCH firm in the atmosphere of nitrogen. The temperature program of heat treatment of fiber is presented. The results of the differential scanning calorimetry are also presented in the form of thermoanalytical curves for iron and chromic forms of fiber of VION KN-1. The dependence of amount of sorbed water on the ionic form of fiber is shown. Availability of water of different level of coherence is revealed. Dependence of level of transformation of substance on temperature is calculated. Diagrams of dependence of logarithm of level of transformation of substance on temperature are constructed. The quantitative characteristics of kinetic unequal molecules of water for the initial and metal forms of fiber in the field of limit bloating are shown. In outputs comparing of water state in metal forms of fiber with its state in the sodium form is carried out. Comparison of results of similar researches of metal forms of fiber for ions of trivalent and bivalent metals is carried out. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that the amount of water of different level of coherence in metal forms of carboxyl- containing fiber VION KN-1 is determined by the nature of anti-ions.Forcitation:Niftaliyev S.I., Peregudov Yu.S., Eyvazova Yu.Z., Saranov I.A. Hydration characteristics of KN-1 VION hemosorbtional fibre in sodium, iron, lanthanum and chromic forms. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 2. P. 33-37.

Improving electrodialysis based water desalination using a sulfonated Diels-Alder poly(phenylene)

Desalination performance using electrodialysis (ED), and electrochemical and state of water analysis is reported for the acid and sodium forms of a sulfonated Diels-Alder poly(phenylene)s (sPP) series. sPP ionomers had proton conductivities reaching 122 mS/cm with a water uptake of 105wt%. At this composition, its film conductivity and water uptake in the sodium form decreased to 19mS/cm and 42wt%. Atomic force microscopy and x-ray scattering indicate that the rigid poly(phenelyne) backbone results in a highly homogeneous intermediate phase containing large, disperse, and hydrophilic aggregates. Liquid transport experiments revealed that alcohol and sodium chloride diffusion is significantly lesser for the sPP series, which confirms differences in hydrophilic domain size and connectivity. In a working electrodialysis system, sPP (IEC=1.4meq/g) desalinated 1.0L of 0.1wt% NaCl using 5.8J/g or 5.8kJ within 44min. Commercial cation (PC-SK) and anion (PC-SA) exchange membranes designed for brackish water desalination required 8.4J/g or 8.4kJ and 79min for the same volume and concentration. ED performance was adequately modeled by the Nernst-Planck equation, which is comprised of electroosmotic (migration) and diffusion contributions.