Sodium Erythorbate Research Articles

Study on Mitigation of Acrylamide Formation in Cookies by 5 Antioxidants

This study investigated the capacity of various antioxidants in reducing the formation of acrylamide during cookie processing. Five antioxidants, antioxidants of bamboo leaves (AOB), sodium erythorbate (SE), tea polyphenols (TP), vitamin E (VE), and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), were individually added into cookie formulas, and acrylamide content was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Cookie quality indexes, including flavor, brittleness, and water activity, were also evaluated. Results showed that the maximum inhibitory rate of acrylamide by AOB was achieved with addition of 0.2 g/kg AOB. Addition of AOB (0.2 g/kg), TP (0.1 g/kg), VE (0.1 g/kg), SE (0.1 g/kg), and TBHQ (0.2 g/kg) mitigated the formation of acrylamide by 63.9%, 43.0%, 71.2%, 49.6%, and 54.1%, respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that the color, texture, and flavor of cookies processed with either AOB (0.2 g/kg) or VE (0.1 g/kg) had no significant difference compared to control cookies (P > 0.05). The present study indicated that AOB (0.2 g/kg) and VE (0.1 g/kg) could not only effectively mitigate the formation of acrylamide, but also retain acceptable sensory attributes of cookies. This work shows the potential effectiveness of antioxidants in food processing to decrease acrylamide formation. There is an urgent need for reducing the level of acrylamide produced during food processing. This study found that certain antioxidants (antioxidant of bamboo leaves and vitamin E) could effectively inhibit acrylamide formation in cookie processing without affecting sensory properties. The results suggested that the application of antioxidants could be an effective method to decrease acrylamide formation.

Effects of optimized mixtures containing phenolic compounds on the oxidative stability of sausages

Phenolic compounds were applied in a sausage formulation as a substitute for artificial sodium erythorbate used as antioxidant. Five assays were prepared in which sodium erythorbate control at 0.05 g/100 g was replaced with a hydrosoluble mixture containing caffeic acid + carnosic acid (47% + 53%) and a liposoluble mixture containing quercetin + rutin (67% + 33%) in two final concentrations (0.05 g/100 g and 0.08 g/100 g). Physico-chemical, color, texture, and sensory parameters were measured on the first day and after 45 days of storage at 4 °C. All phenolic compound mixtures were able to maintain oxidative stability in the sausages when measured by the malondialdehyde concentration, which was expressed as TBARS. The mixture containing quercetin + rutin at 0.05 g/100 g showed lower malondialdehyde formation after 45 days of storage, and no sensory differences from the sausage adopted as control.

Efeito de extratos de caqui (Diospyros kaki L.) cultivar Rama Forte e do extrato oleoso de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) nas características sensoriais e na estabilidade da cor de hambúrguer de carne bovina congelado

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the extract of persimmon cv. ‘Rama Forte’ and rosemary oily extract on the sensory characteristics and color stability of frozen beef burgers. The crude hydroethanolic extract was prepared and subjected to fractionation resulting in the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions as well as residual fraction. For the preparation of the burger samples a basic formulation was prepared and divided into parts: control, standard formulation ( 0.1% of sodium erythorbate), treatment 1 (0.5% of hydroethanolic crude extract), treatment 2 (0.7% of hydroethanolic crude extract), treatment 3 (0.5% of the residual fraction), treatment 4 (0.7% of the residual fraction ) , treatment 5 ( 0.5% of ethyl acetate fraction), Treatment 6 (0.7% of ethyl acetate fraction) and treatment 7 (0.10% of oily extract of rosemary). The beef burger samples were stored at-25° C for 14 months and subjected to sensory analysis (color, aroma, flavor, and texture) at the beginning of the experiment and the measurement of color (parameters L a*, b* and h*) every two months. The addition of the extracts did not promote changes in the sensory attributes of the beef burgers at time zero of storage. A tendency to decrease a* values and increase of the h* values of the samples of frozen beef burgers occurred over the period of storage. Samples added with ethyl acetate fraction (0.5 and 0.7%) and the oily extract of rosemary showed higher a* values than the other samples throughout the storage period and lower h* values than the standard sample at the end of the period evaluated. This indicates that the addition of ethyl acetate fraction and rosemary extract contributed to the retention and stability of the red color of the samples of beef burgers during the storage of the frozen product.

APPEARANCE AND TEXTURE CHANGES OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE-PACKED FRESH-CUT MANGOSTEEN AFTER PRESERVATIVE DIPS

ABSTRACT Retarding browning and softening of fresh-cut mangosteen during storage under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) by pretreatment with preservative dips was investigated. Mangosteens at stage 1 of maturity were peeled and immersed for 30 min in different mixed solutions including 2% sodium erythorbate + 0.2% calcium chloride (CaCl2), 1% aluminium sulfate + 1% sodium chloride (NaCl), 1% ascorbic acid (AA) + 1% NaCl + 1% CaCl2 and 1% citric acid + 1% NaCl + 1% CaCl2 prior to active MAP (5% O2 + 9% CO2) using low-density polyethylene bag. Quality changes of the fresh-cut mangosteens were monitored during storage at 4C for up to 12 days. The fruit treated with 1% AA + 1% NaCl + 1% CaCl2 exhibited the best quality of appearance and texture in terms of lightness, firmness, weight loss, exudation and sensory score during the storage. However, in-package atmospheric compositions of all treatments were similarly developed throughout the storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Consumption of fresh-cut mangosteen has been increasing rapidly due to its unique lusciousness. However, discoloration and firmness loss of the product are crucial limiting factors to acceptability by consumers. Chemical treatment with the mixed solution of 1% ascorbic acid + 1% sodium chloride + 1% calcium chloride has high potential for practical applications due to its effectiveness in maintaining appearance and texture of the product. Furthermore, the use of inexpensive preservative results in reducing production cost.

The Effect of Rosemary, Sodium Erythorbate and Their Mixture and Packaging Method on the Quality of Turkey Meatballs

The Effect of Rosemary, Sodium Erythorbate and Their Mixture and Packaging Method on the Quality of Turkey Meatballs

Oxygen scavengers impregnated in porous activated carbon matrix for food and beverage packaging applications

The purpose of this research study was to evaluate two novel oxygen scavengers based on lecithin and sodium erythorbate using a supercritical fluid methodology to impregnate it in a porous matrix. A zero-order model was used to describe the oxygen absorption kinetics of these absorbers suitable for food and beverage packaging applications. Both oxygen scavengers were competitive compared to commercial available technologies. The absorption rate of lecithin was advantageous compared to erythorbate and other scavengers. This research was foreseen in a prospective study on flexible plastic packaging that it was carried out with the participation of 20 companies.

Evaluation of antioxidants stability by thermal analysis and its protective effect in heated edible vegetable oil

In this work, through the use of thermal analysis techniques, the thermal stabilities of some antioxidants were investigated, in order to evaluate their resistance to thermal oxidation in oils, by heating canola vegetable oil, and to suggest that antioxidants would be more appropriate to increase the resistance of vegetable oils in the thermal degradation process in frying. The techniques used were: Thermal Gravimetric (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses, as well as an allusion to a possible protective action of the vegetable oils, based on the thermal oxidation of canola vegetable oil in the laboratory under constant heating at 180 ºC/8 hours for 10 days. The studied antioxidants were: ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, citric acid, sodium erythorbate, BHT (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene), BHA (2, 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol), TBHQ (tertiary butyl hydroquinone), PG (propyl gallate) - described as antioxidants by ANVISA and the FDA; and also the phytic acid antioxidant and the SAIB (sucrose acetate isobutyrate) additive, which is used in the food industry, in order to test its behavior as an antioxidant in vegetable oil. The following antioxidants: citric acid, sodium erythorbate, BHA, BHT, TBHQ and sorbic acid decompose at temperatures below 180 ºC, and therefore, have little protective action in vegetable oils undergoing frying processes. The antioxidants below: phytic acid, ascorbic acid and PG, are the most resistant and begin their decomposition processes at temperatures between 180 and 200 ºC. The thermal analytical techniques have also shown that the SAIB antioxidant is the most resistant to oxidative action, and it can be a useful choice in the thermal decomposition prevention of edible oils, improving stability regarding oxidative processes.

Nutritional Aspects of Second Generation Soy Foods

Samples of 15 second generation soy-based products (n = 3), commercially available, were analyzed for their protein and isoflavone contents and in vitro antioxidant activity, by means of the Folin-Ciocalteu reducing ability, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Isoflavone identification and quantification were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Products containing soy and/or soy-based ingredients represent important sources of protein in addition to the low fat amounts. However, a large variation in isoflavone content and in vitro antioxidant capacity was observed. The isoflavone content varied from 2.4 to 18.1 mg/100 g (FW), and soy kibe and soy sausage presented the highest amounts. Chocolate had the highest antioxidant capacity, but this fact was probably associated with the addition of cocoa liquor, a well-known source of polyphenolics. This study showed that the soy-based foods do not present a significant content of isoflavones when compared with the grain, and their in vitro antioxidant capacity is not related with these compounds but rather to the presence of other phenolics and synthetic antioxidants, such as sodium erythorbate. However, they may represent alternative sources and provide soy protein, isoflavones, and vegetable fat for those who are not ready to eat traditional soy foods.

The effect of oil-soluble rosemary extract, sodium erythorbate, their mixture, and packaging method on the quality of Turkey meatballs

The effect of oil-soluble rosemary extract, sodium erythorbate and a mixture of oil-soluble rosemary extract and sodium erythorbate and packaging method (vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging) on the quality of cooked turkey meatballs stored at 4°C was determined. The physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were performed. Oil-soluble rosemary extract was found to be the most effectual antioxidant and vacuum more effective than modified atmosphere packaging in preventing oxidative changes. Sodium erythorbate slowed down hydrolytic process and more effective in modified atmosphere packaged samples. A slighter change in the colour of turkey meatballs was noted during modified atmosphere storage. Microbial counts of mesophilic bacteria during storage were never higher than the spoilage limit (10(7)cfu/g). All additives reduced microbial population and better effect was achieved by the combination of modified atmosphere packaging and additives. Sensory analysis results indicated the significant advantages in using rosemary individually or with sodium erythorbate in retarding warmed-over-flavour development in cooked poultry product.

Effects of increasing lysine on further processed product characteristics from immunologically castrated male pigs

The objective of this experiment was to determine if increasing lysine in the diets of immunologically castrated (IC) male pigs would affect further processed product characteristics when compared with physical castrates or entire males. Raw materials for this experiment were derived from a previous experiment evaluating carcass characteristics. Physical castrates, IC males, and entire males were assigned to 1 of 4 diet programs with increasing lysine in a step-down lysine inclusion program that culminated with the following concentrations in the late finishing diet: physical castrate with low lysine (0.7%), IC with low lysine (0.7%), IC with low/medium lysine (0.8%), IC with medium/high lysine (0.9%), IC with high lysine (1.0%), and entire with high lysine (1.0%). Bellies were injected with a cure solution to a target of 110% of original green weight, and weighed again to determine brine uptake. Hams were injected with same cure solution to a target of 130% of green weight. Cure solution was formulated for a finished product inclusion of 1.5% salt, 0.34% phosphate, 0.05% sodium erythorbate, 0.11% sugar, and 0.014% sodium nitrate. Physical castrates had thicker (3.77 cm) bellies (P<0.05) than all treatment groups, except IC males fed low/medium lysine (3.73 cm). Entire males (2.85 cm) had the thinnest (P<0.05) bellies of all treatment groups. There were no differences (P>0.05) in percentage brine uptake for cured bellies among IC males regardless of dietary lysine (range 9.93 to 10.67%). Cooked yield of cured bellies was not different (P>0.05) among physical castrates or IC males regardless of lysine inclusion. Cooked yield of cured bellies from entire males (95.12%) was less (P<0.05) than cooked yield for any other treatment group. Pumped weight differences of cured hams among treatment groups were similar to green weight differences, and there were no differences (P>0.05) among any treatment groups for pump uptake percentage. There were also no differences in cook loss percentages among any treatment group. Therefore, differences in cooked yield are a reflection of initial green weight. There were no differences (P>0.05) for protein fat-free values among any treatment groups. Therefore, it can be concluded, in this population of pigs, there were no differences in further processed product characteristics among physical castrates and IC males.

The effect of sage, sodium erythorbate and a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate on the quality of turkey meatballs stored under vacuum and modified atmosphere conditions

1. The combined effect of sage (S), sodium erythorbate (SE), a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate (MIX) and vacuum packaging (VP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of cooked turkey meatballs stored at 4°C was investigated. The physicochemical properties (colour, MDA, AV, pH, water activity), microbiological quality characteristics (counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, fungi, coliforms and Clostridium sp.) and flavour attributes of meatballs were determined. 2. The values of the colour parameters L*, a* and b* were affected by the additives and packaging method. The colour of meatballs was better protected by sodium erythorbate than by sage or a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate. The additives effectively stabilised lipids against oxidation and slowed down hydrolytic changes in turkey meatballs. Sage and a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate showed stronger antioxidant properties than sodium erythorbate added alone. Products with additives were characterised by better sensory quality than control samples. Sage and MIX prevented the growth of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria. All additives inhibited the growth of coliforms. 3. MAP was more effective than VP in maintaining the microbial and sensory quality stability of cooked turkey meatballs. However, VP appears to be a better method as regards the maintaining of lipid stability in turkey meatballs.

PRODUCTION METHODS AND PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS OF JERKY PRODUCED BY SMALL AND VERY SMALL MEAT PROCESSING BUSINESSES

ABSTRACT Midwestern meat processors were surveyed to determine whether consensus existed among industry processing practices for jerky production. Seventy‐eight plants were contacted, 37 responded and 33 plants sent 61 samples consisting of whole muscle (56%) or chopped and formed (44%) jerky. Samples had mean water activity, salt (NaCl) and pH of 0.74, 6.85% and 5.85, respectively. Plants used either smokehouses (34) or commercial ovens (3). Nine plants measured wet bulb temperature, and one used a relative humidity instrument. However, 35 plants claimed that they were able to control humidity. Controls included closing dampers, steam injection, direct addition of water, placing a pan of water in the house, or a combination of methods. Plants used sodium nitrite (32), sodium erythorbate (15) and potassium sorbate (5), and vacuum (78%), no vacuum (32%) and gas flush (14%) packaging. Most products were stored at room temperature (38%) or refrigerated (32%); or a combination of methods was used. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBecause of the high variability of processing times and temperatures, processing environment relative humidity, and methods to control humidity used by small and very small plants, there is a need to educate these processors about jerky processing parameters and the need for routine product analysis. Lack of processing knowledge and equipment capabilities also highlights the need for lethality studies in this area in addition to education on jerky process control and food safety for processors. On the basis of the averages from this study, lethality studies should target Aw 0.74 (Food Safety Inspection Service requires an Aw of ≤0.85), NaCl 6.85% and pH 5.85. Lethality studies should be conducted with cure for most studies. Marinade pH and length of time held in marinade prior to thermal processing as well as packaging effect and subsequent shelf life on pathogen lethality during storage should be considered. This research information could potentially decrease plants' operating costs while helping ensure food safety and public health protection.

EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF FRESH-CUT MANGOSTEEN

Fresh-cut mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is highly susceptible to quality losses due to damaged cells and tissues and lack of protective skin. The appropriate use of storage condition has extensively been reported to be an effective approach to maintain quality of fresh-cut fruits. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in some quality attributes of fresh-cut mangosteens as affected by storage conditions. Mangosteens were peeled and dipped in a solution consisting of 2% sodium erythorbate + 0.2% calcium chloride for 30 min, and then drained prior to storage under three different conditions, including modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 5% O 2 + 9% CO 2 ), vacuum packaging (VAC) and air (AIR). In all treatments, moisture content, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, color, firmness and sensory acceptance of fresh-cut mangosteens were monitored at 2-day intervals during 14 days of storage at 4°C. During storage, total soluble solids of fresh-cut fruits stored in AIR sharply increased and were considerably higher than those stored in MAP and VAC. Losses of moisture content and firmness were retarded by storage in MAP and VAC, whereas a rapid decline of both quality attributes was found in fruits stored in AIR. Titratable acidity of MAP and VAC-treated fruits gradually decreased, compared with the slight change in AIR-treated fruits as a result of a greater extent of dehydration. However, pH of fruits in all treatments remained somewhat stable during storage. Lightness (L*) decreased to a larger extent in VAC and AIR-stored fruits, whereas a small decrease in MAP-treated fruits were detected. Fresh-cut fruits with MAP treatment obtained the highest sensory scores, compared with other treatments, throughout the entire period of storage. MAP resulted in the best overall retention of quality attributes of fresh-cut mangosteens during postharvest storage.

Effect of natural pigments on the oxidative stability of sausages stored under refrigeration

The objective was to use natural pigments to replace sodium erythorbate (NaEry), a synthetic compound used as an antioxidant in sausage formulations, and to evaluate the oxidative stability of the samples. Six assays were prepared in which sodium erythorbate (ERY) at 0.05 g/100 g was substituted by norbixin (NOR), lycopene (LYC), zeaxanthin (ZEA), beta-carotene (CAR) or dextrose (used as a control (CON)). Physical, chemical, color, texture and sensory parameters were measured on the first day and after 45 days of storage at 4 degrees C. All pigments used in the sausage formulations were able to maintain the oxidative stability of the sausages (MDA equivalents <0.38 mg/kg). Zeaxanthin and norbixin were the most efficient antioxidants of those tested. This antioxidant effect might be associated with the intermediate polarities of these two compounds, which would allow them to concentrate in the membrane lipids or emulsion interface, where lipid oxidation is most prevalent. Other volatile secondary products of oxidation besides MDA should be evaluated in further studies involving natural pigments and sensory oxidative stability.

Efeito da lavagem e da adição de aditivos sobre a estabilidade de carne mecanicamente separada de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) durante estocagem a -18 ºC

This study evaluates the influence of washing and adding sodium erythorbate and sodium tripolyphosphate on the stability of minced Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during 6 months of storage under –18 °C. The minced fish was obtained using a meat bone separator and was divided into four treatments (washed minced fish with or without additives and non-washed minced fish with or without additives) and kept at –18 °C for 180 days. The stability of the minced fish was evaluated by microbiological analyses and the following parameters nonproteic nitrogen (NNP), total nitrogen volatile bases (BNV), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), pH, and Drip (loss of water in thaw process) were evaluated. The washing process caused a reduction of approximately 41, 44, and 66% in total protein, lipid, and ash values, respectively reducing also the initial values of NNP, BNV, and TBARS. During the storage, an increase (p > 0,05) was observed in the NNP, BNV, and pH values for all treatments, except for the non-washed minced with additives which did not show statistic increase in the NNP and pH values. The use of additives in the minced fish caused a decrease of the drip during the storage, but it did not affect (p > 0,05) the TBARS values. Microbiological parameters do not exceed the values allowed by the legislation. the minced fish was maintained at stable and good conditions for use regardless of the addition of additives, so it can be stored for up 180 days at –18 °C.

Carbon‐Centered Radicals in Isolated Soy Proteins

Solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of commercial samples of isolated soy proteins (ISP) revealed a symmetrical free-radical signal typical of carbon-centered radicals (g= 2.005) ranging from 2.96 x 10(14) to 6.42 x 10(14) spins/g. The level of free radicals in ISP was 14 times greater than similar radicals in sodium caseinate, 29 times greater than egg albumin, and about 100 times greater levels than casein. Nine soy protein powdered drink mixes contained similar types of free radicals up to 4.10 x 10(15) spins/g of drink mix, or up to 6.4 times greater than the highest free-radical content found in commercial ISP. ISP samples prepared in the laboratory contained trapped radicals similar to the levels in commercial ISP samples. When ISP was hydrated in 2.3 mM sodium erythorbate or 8.3 mM L-cysteine, frozen and dried, the level of trapped free radicals increased by about 17- and 19-fold, respectively. The ESR spectrum of defatted soybean flakes contained overlapping signals from the primary free-radical peak (g= 2.005) and a sextet pattern typical of manganese-II. The manganese signal was reduced in the laboratory ISP and very weak in the commercial ISP.

Estabilidade oxidativa e microbiológica em carne de galinha mecanicamente separada e adicionada de antioxidantes durante período de armazenamento a -18 &amp;deg;C

With the objective of following the microbiological e physical-chemical stability of mechanically separated meat (MSM) of different origins and stored during 99 days at -18 °C, a previous mixture of preservative (sodium nitrite) and antioxidant (sodium erythorbate) in MSM obtained from two poultry breeds: broiler breeders and white layers, was made. In the MSM of each breed, three different treatments were carried out: 1) control (without additives), 2) addition of 150 ppm nitrite and 3) addition of 150 ppm nitrite and 500 ppm erythorbate. The results obtained demonstrated that nitrite added separately did not hinder lipid oxidation, evaluated through the TBARS index, or the color changes, evaluated with a colorimeter. On the other hand, the addition of nitrite together with erythorbate was effective in reducing the problems of lipid oxidation during prolonged frozen storage. The evaluation of the microbiological stability of the MSM, carried out in the first and last day for mesophilic microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Pseudomonas spp., and every 15 days for psycrotrophic microorganisms, did not indicate a significant variation in the counts, as a function of the treatment applied. Salmonella spp. was not detected in the samples analyzed. Considering the improvement in the oxidative stability, the addition of nitrite (150 ppm) and erythorbate (500 ppm) in MSM broiler breeders to be frozen stored for a long time can be recommended.

Lipid fraction quality evaluation of Brazilian meat-based products

Lipid fraction components of meat-based products were evaluated by analysis of cholesterol, cholesterol oxidation products and fatty acid composition, with emphasis in the trans isomer. 126 samples were analyzed: being 45 of processed beef products, 36 of pork products and 45 of mixed meat products. Cholesterol and cholesterol oxides were determined by HPLC. The fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography using a CP-SIL 88 capillary column. 7-ketocholesterol (µg g-1) was found in one sample of hamburger (3.2), in two samples of frankfurter (1.6 and 2.0) and in one sample of mortadella (2.6). Significant amounts of trans fatty acids were found in two processed beef products. The cholesterol content varied from 220 in the spam to 590 mg kg-1 in the salami and the total lipid contents from 28 in the ham to 250 g kg-1 in the salami. The low oxidative degradation of the lipid fraction could be attributed to the presence of the antioxidant sodium erythorbate in the samples.

Effects of Antioxidants on the Chemical and Sensorial Stability of Minced Jack Mackerel in Frozen Storage

ABSTRACT The effect of antioxidants on minced jack mackerel stored at −20°c for 90 days was evaluated. The antioxidants used were: ethyl-enediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tert-butylhydroxiquinone (TBHQ), butylhydroxianisol (BHA), butylhydroxitoluene (BHT), and sodium erythorbate (SE) with or without sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Sensorial (taste, texture, and odor) and chemical (peroxide values, free fatty acids, fatty acids, and thiobarbituric acid) changes were evaluated during storage. The best results, by sensorial evaluation, peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) levels, were obtained with the following mixtures: 0.1% SE, 0.5% STPP, and 0.025% EDTA; 0.1% SE and 0.5% STPP; and 0.01% BHA and 0.01% BHT. Free fatty acids (FFA) increased during the study independently of the presence of antioxidants. Our findings also suggest that docosahexenoic acid (DHA) levels do not33 reflect oxidation in frozen minced jack mackerel.

Comparison of ascorbic acid and sodium erythorbate: Effects on the 24 h display colour of beef lumbar vertebrae and longissimus lumborum packaged in high-oxygen modified atmospheres

Sodium erythorbate and ascorbic acid were compared as a means to stabilize surface colour of bone-in beef steaks in high-oxygen modified atmosphere (80% oxygen and 20% carbon dioxide). Bone-in strip loins ( n = 8) were fabricated into 1.9 -cm thick steaks, of which both the lumbar vertebrae and longissimus lumborum were topically treated with either ascorbic acid or sodium erythorbate (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5%, wt/wt basis). Colour ( L ∗ a ∗ b ∗) was evaluated before treatment and 24 h after packaging (display at 1 °C). Sodium erythorbate was as effective as ascorbic acid for inhibiting vertebrae discolouration ( P > 0.05). Either reducing agent at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% improved ( P < 0.05) vertebrae redness (compared with 0%, 0.05% and 0.1%). No detrimental effects on muscle colour were observed. When selecting antioxidants intended for bone-in beef steaks displayed in high-oxygen packaging, sodium erythorbate may be a cost effective substitute for ascorbic acid.