Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate Research Articles

In vitro skin decontamination of paraoxon – wet-type cleansing effect of selected detergents

The aim of this study was to determine optimal conditions for in vitro skin decontamination using water and detergents as decontamination agents and to test the cleansing efficiency of selected detergents. Experiments were performed using a peristaltic pump for showering of pig skin in modified static diffusion cells. Several conditions were tested including different flow rates (from 5 to 33 ml s−1), quantity of rinsing fluid (from 40 to 400 ml) and concentration of detergents (2; 5; 10%). Further, several types of detergents/commercial decontamination agents were evaluated under the selected conditions to find the most effective means of decontamination. The amount of paraoxon removed from the skin surface following wet-type decontamination was detected in the rinsing fluid spectrophotometrically after hydrolysis of paraoxon – a model contaminant. The efficacy of rinsing by water/Spolapon AES 253 increased with flow rate up to 25 ml s−1 and a rinsing volume of 200 ml. Lutensol AT 25 achieved maximum efficacy at the lowest tested concentration (2%). A flow rate of 16 ml s−1, rinsing volume of 100 ml (values from the middle part of the sigmoid curve) and 5% concentration of decontaminant solution were used for further evaluation of detergents as cleansing agents under the selected conditions. Cetylpyridinium bromide (cationic surfactant), carbethopendecinii bromidum (cationic surfactant) and polyoxyethylene-10-tridecyl ether (non-ionic surfactant), SDS (anionic surfactant), althosan MB (cationic surfactant), sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (anionic surfactant), neodekont (mixture), tergitol NPX (non-ionic surfactant), Korynt P (non-ionic surfactant) were found to be the most effective. These decontaminants were able to wash away more than 92% of paraoxon from the contaminated skin.

Thermal performance augmentation using water based Al2O3-gamma nanofluid in a horizontal shell and tube heat exchanger under forced circulation

Shell and tube heat exchanger is one of the most prevalent heat exchangers with a wide variety of industrial applications, i.e., power plants, chemical processes, marine industries, HVAC systems, cooling of hydraulic fluid and engine oil in heavy duty diesel engines and the like specifically where a need to heat or cool a large fluid volume exist and also higher-pressure use. In the present study, the effect of using Al2O3-water nanofluid on thermal performance of a commercial shell and tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles is assessed experimentally. For this purpose, Al2O3-gamma nanoparticles with 15nm mean diameter (99.5% purity) and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) as surfactant are used to make aqueous Al2O3 nanofluid at three various volume fractions of nanoparticles (φ=0.03, 0.14 and 0.3%). Indeed, in this paper the effect of some parameters of hot working fluid such as Reynolds number and volume concentration of nanoparticles on heat transfer characteristics, friction factor and thermal performance factor of a shell and tube heat exchanger under laminar flow regime is investigated. The results indicate a substantial increment in Nusselt number as well as the overall heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger by enhancement of Reynolds number and it can be seen that, at a certain Reynolds number, heat transfer characteristics of heat exchanger increase as the nanoparticles volume concentration increases. Outcomes of the heat transfer evaluation demonstrate that applying nanofluids instead of base fluid lead to increment of Nusselt number up to 9.7, 20.9 and 29.8% at 0.03, 0.14 and 0.3vol%, respectively. Likewise it is seen that at mentioned nanoparticles volume fractions, overall heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger enhances around 5.4, 10.3 and 19.1%, respectively. In term of pressure drop, a little penalty is found by using nanofluid in the test section. Eventually a thermal performance assessment on the heat exchanger was conducted. According to the analysis results, utilizing nanofluid at minimum and maximum nanoparticles volume fractions (φ=0.03 and 0.3%) results in average augmentation of around 6.5% and 18.9% in thermal performance factor (η) of the heat exchanger compared to the base liquid, respectively.

Spectroscopic and conductometric studies on the interactions of thionine with anionic and nonionic surfactants

In this study, the interaction of thionine, a cationic dye, with anionic [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), lithium dodecyl sulphate (LiDS), and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS)], nonionic (Tween 20 and Triton X‐100), and binary mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants was studied by conductometric and spectrophotometric measurements. The degree of ionisation, the counterion binding parameters, and the equilibrium constants in the premicellar region were obtained from conductivity data. Binding constants of thionine to anionic, nonionic, and mixtures of anionic and nonionic micelles were determined by spectrophotometric measurements. The binding tendency of thionine to anionic micelles followed the order SDBS > SDS > LiDS. The presence of nonionic surfactants increased significantly the binding affinity of thionine to anionic micelles, and the highest binding constant was calculated in the presence of Tween 20. The results obtained from conductometric studies correlated with those obtained from spectroscopic studies. Data concerning dye–surfactant interaction are important for a fundamental understanding of the performance of single and mixed surfactants and for their industrial application.

Evaluation of different demulsifiers for Marpol oil waste recovery

Marpol oil waste composed of wasted oil with seawater which is challenging for waste treatment. Therefore, emulsified seawater has to be broken down for recovering the oil content involving chemical destabilizer to disperse water droplets or destroy emulsifiers.This study aims to evaluate 37 products of demulsifiers (cationic, non-ionic and anionic) based on ability of water removal from Marpol oil waste. The results show that anionic and nonionic surfactants were found to be effective demulsifiers exhibiting good property for oil and water separation. The efficiency of the nonionic demulsifiers increases with the dosage up to a certain extent after which the efficiency falls. However, anionic demulsifiers do not show any decrease in efficiency at higher doses. Among all the tested anionic demulsifiers, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (ALCOPOL O70PG), sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (ALCOPOL O CONC 60%) and Oligoguluronate (DP9-6661) were with most outstanding performance. Additionally there is a general improvement in the performance of screened demulsifiers with increased temperature (70°C). Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (ALCOPOL O70PG), sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (ALCOPOL O CONC 60%) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (DP9-6661) reached water removal performance percentage as 75%, 66.3% and 56.7% respectively after 30h. When the water content of recovered oil was reduced to a certain level (below 10%), the heat valve was about 40MJ/kg. The recovered Marpol oil waste was suggested to apply for low-quality fuel usage such as cement kilns and waste incinerators with its property of high energy value, low sulphur content and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).

High selectivity for sodium dodecyl sulphate by polymer nanoparticles and detection of proteins based on the polymer nanoparticles-sodium dodecyl sulphate system

A fluorescence assay for the sensitive determination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) based on polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) prepared by polyethyleneimine (PEI) and ascorbic acid (AA) is developed. SDS reacts with PNPs to form amide by aminolysis ester reaction, resulting in a strong fluorescence enhancement of PNPs. Notably, sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDSO) cannot interact with PNPs, so this way exhibits a special selectivity to SDS in the presence of SDBS and SDSO. Under the optimum conditions, this fluorescent nanosensor shows the linear range of SDS from 0.144 to 2.016μgmL−1 and the limit of detection is 0.051μgmL−1. Besides, on the basis of the reaction between SDS and proteins, the fluorescence of PNPs-SDS system quenches in the presence of biologically-relevant levels of myoglobin and thrombin, and displays good sensitivity and selectivity.

Surface activation of MnNb2O6 nanosheets by oxalic acid for enhanced photocatalysis

MnNb2O6 nanosheets (P-MNOs) is selectively crystallized by using surface capping ligand with functional sulfonate group (sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate), which binds to the (131) surface of MnNb2O6 inducing the morphology-controlled crystallization of MnNb2O6 materials. Surface modification of photoactive P-MNOs with electron-rich oxalic acid ligands establishes an excited surface complex layer on phase-pure P-MNO as evidenced by spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR, UV–vis, Raman, PL, etc.), and thus more efficiently photocatalyzes the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) than solely P-MNOs or oxalic acid under visible light (λ>420nm) via a ligand-to-metal interfacial electron transfer pathway. However, the interaction between oxalic acid and MnNb2O6 is highly dependent upon the morphology of solid MnNb2O6 substrate due to the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio and higher surface activity of (131) planes in the sheet-like morphology. This study could assist the construction of stable niobate material systems to allow a versatile solid surface activation for establishing more energy efficient and robust catalysis process under visible light.

Anionic surfactant induced oxidation of low density polyethylene followed by its microbial bio-degradation

Hydrocarbon solubilization ability of surfactants was utilised for the deterioration of polyethylene during its thermal oxidation. Carbonyl index of polyethylene treated with Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at 60 °C for 1 month was found to be higher than thermally oxidised polyethylene as observed in FTIR study. Moreover, higher oxidation of polyethylene was witnessed after treatment of control polyethylene with 1%–10% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, sodium stearate, sodium octyl sulphate and sodium dodecyl sulphate at 60 °C for 1 month. Oxidation level of polyethylene treated by surfactant was higher as the availability of soluble oxygen and chain scission increased due to the attachment of surfactant to the polyethylene surface. Weight loss of 7.006 ± 0.05%, 1.76 ± 0.05% and 0.83 ± 0.05% were maximum which was achieved after bacterial treatment of oxidised polyethylene with 6%, 8% and 10% SDS, with L. fusiformis using peptone for 1 month, respectively. Along with weight loss after bacterial incubation, a decrease in the amount of carbonyls and an increase in the amount of unsaturated hydrocarbon were observed for the conversion of carbonyls into unsaturated hydrocarbon through biotic Norrish-type mechanisms. The biodegradation through β-oxidation mechanisms, by which oxidised polyethylene molecule was utilised to produce necessary energy for bacteria, was confirmed by a decrease in intrinsic viscosity and a decrease in the viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of bacterially treated polyethylene. Nevertheless, an increase in the amount of carbonyls was observed after 1 month of bacterial incubation of polyethylene treated with SDBS and thermally oxidised polyethylene which was due to oxidation by oxidative enzymes released by Lysinibacillus fusiformis.

Anionic-micelles assisted oxidation of tartaric acid by permanganate: A kinetic and mechanistic approach

Abstract In this study, we demonstrate the catalytic effects of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) on the oxidation of tartaric acid by permanganate. UV–visible spectroscopic data revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of a transient species between the reactants. The values of ∆ e = 12.8 × 105 mol− 1 dm3 cm− 1 and Kc = 6.5 × 10− 4 mol− 1 dm3 were calculated from the kinetic data. Reaction-time profiles show that the reaction has an induction period (slow step) followed by an auto-acceleration path (fast step). SDBS is found to be stable in presence of MnO4−. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to tartaric acid under pseudo-first-order conditions in absence and presence of SDBS. The observed results are discussed in terms of pseudo-phase model of the micelles proposed by Menger and Portony. The values of activation energy = 99 kJ mol− 1 and 59 kJ mol− 1 were calculated by using Arrhenius equation, respectively, in absence and presence of SDBS micelles. The probable mechanisms have also been proposed and discussed. Presence of silver ions also catalyzed of reaction rates.

Synthesis, structural characterisation, optical studies of CeO2 nanoparticles and its cytotoxic activity

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised using cerium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide precursor with sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate as a surfactant. Ceria nanoparticles were characterised by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction spectrum and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytotoxicity of the ceria nanoparticles was carried out using the MTT assays method. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of the ceria nanoparticles with face-centred cubic phase structure. The TEM results revealed that the nano CeO2 possesses 1-D rod-like morphology with particle size in the range of 62–78 nm. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that the synthesised ceria nanorods have the potential to kill the breast cancer cells.

Characterizing dispersion and long term stability of concentrated carbon nanotube aqueous suspensions for fabricating ductile cementitious composites

This paper reports a systematic attempt of preparing concentrated aqueous suspensions (up to 0.3wt.%) of different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using Pluronic F-127 for developing ductile cementitious composites. Single-walled and multi-walled nanotubes, both pristine and functionalized, were dispersed in water using a short (1h) and medium energy (80W) ultrasonication process using pluronic at high concentrations (above critical micelle concentration, 1–5wt.%) and also using sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) for comparison purpose. The CNT suspensions were characterized for agglomerate area, particle size, zeta potential, extractability and long-term storage stability for a period over 4years. The optimum suspensions were used to fabricate cementitious composites and their fracture behavior was characterized. Experimental results suggested that the optimum pluronic concentrations (1% for 0.1% CNT, 5% for 0.2% and 0.3% CNT, all in weight percent) provided highly homogeneous CNT dispersion with very low area of agglomerates. The best dispersion quality was obtained with f-SWCNT/pluronic system, which provided very low agglomerate area (<0.5%), lower CNT bundle size, good quantity of well dispersed nanotubes (up to 50%) and excellent long term storage stability. Cementitious composites fabricated using SWCNT and f-SWCNT suspensions showed ductile fracture behavior and improvement in fracture energy up to 164%.

The effect of calcium on the foam behaviour of aqueous sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate solutions. 3. The role of the oil in triglyceride-based antifoams

A feature of mixtures of triolein with either stearic acid or tristearin particles as antifoams for certain micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate is that they are effective only during foam generation but no longer function after foam generation has ceased. Antifoam action by the antifoam oil is determined by positive values of the bridging coefficient. Bridging coefficients were found to be negative under the near equilibrium conditions prevailing after foam generation ceased. However measurements of dynamic surface tensions indicated that if surface ages >0.1s prevailed under the dynamic conditions of foam generation then that would alter the sign of the bridging coefficients. Such dynamic conditions were replicated by drawing single foam films at different rates from solutions containing triolein-based antifoam. Antifoam effectiveness was significantly reduced in the case of foam films drawn at extremely slow rates so that near equilibrium conditions prevailed.

Tailoring of polypyrrole backbone by optimizing synthesis parameters for efficient EMI shielding properties in X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz)

This paper describe the effect of reaction conditions i.e. oxidant concentration (ferric chloride), dopant concentration and nature of dopant (sodium lauryl sulphate [SLS], sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate [SDBS], lithiosulphoisophthalic acid [LiSiPA] and naphthalene disulphonic acid [NDSA]) on the conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties of polypyrrole (PPy). PPy was synthesized using one mole of dopant [SLS] and varying concentrations of oxidant (2, 3, 4 and 5mol per mole of pyrrole). The conductivity and shielding effectiveness of PPy obtained was found to be dependent on the concentration of oxidant and it was highest when the molar ratio of pyrrole: oxidant: dopant was 1:2:1. In the second set of experiments, dopant concentration [0.6, 1, 1.4 and 1.8mol per mole of pyrrole] was varied keeping the concentration of pyrrole: oxidant as 1:2 to determine the optimum concentration of dopant. The polymer prepared using pyrrole: oxidant: dopant ratio as 1:2:1 showed the highest conductivity as well as the shielding effectiveness. Using these optimized conditions polypyrrole was synthesized using different dopants [i.e. SLS, SDBS, LiSiPA and NDSA]. Polypyrrole synthesized using optimized conditions and SLS as dopant had highest conductivity (42S/cm) and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of −126dB in the X-band [8.2-12.4GHz] which is the highest value ever reported for the PPy synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization. The shielding properties discussed in the present paper are very close to the conventional metals with an additional advantage that the primary mechanism of shielding is absorption dominant.

Polyaniline/montmorillonite nanocomposites as an effective flame retardant and smoke suppressant for polystyrene

Novel polyaniline (PANI)-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites modified by sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (DPM) and 1,5-naphathalene disulfonic acid (NPM) were synthesized by a facile in situ polymerization to reduce flammability and toxicity of polystyrene (PS). The modification of organic sulfates can induce the polymerization of PANI and the exfoliation of MMT layers. PS/MMT, PS/DPM and PS/NPM nanocomosites are prepared by melt blending method with different MMT(DPM/NPM) loadings (1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%). The structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were employed to evaluate the heat and non-heat fire hazards of PS nanocomposites. The incorporation of MMT, DPM and NPM into PS matrix effectively improved the fire safety and the thermal stability. The heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate and CO production rate of PS nanocomposites were remarkably reduced. Among MMT, DPM and NPM, NPM with a composite nanostructure provided the best flame retardant and smoke suppressing performances. PS/NPM can provide pronounce promotion in fire hazard reductions. The promotion is attributed to the 3D network structure constructed by the exfoliated MMT layers and PANI chains that uniformly dispersed in PS matrix.

Development of a novel biosensor based on a polypyrrole–dodecylbenzene sulphonate (PPy–DBS) film for the determination of amperometric cholesterol

Herein a novel amperometric biosensor based on a conducting polymer with anionic dopant modified electrode was successfully developed for detection of cholesterol. Polypyrrole is deposited on a platinum surface and the sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (DBS) ion-doped polypyrrole film was electrochemically prepared by scanning the electrode potential between −0.8 and +0.8 V at a scan rate of 20 mV/s. The present electrochemical biosensor was optimized in terms of working potential, number of cycles, concentrations of monomer, and anionic dopant. Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was physically entrapped in PPy–DBS to construct an amperometric cholesterol biosensor. Amperometric determination is based on the electrochemical detection of H2O2 generated in the enzymatic reaction of cholesterol. Kinetic parameters, operational and storage stabilities, pH, and temperature dependencies were determined. Km and Imax were calculated as 0.11 μM and 0.967 nM/min, respectively. The operational stability results showed that 90.0% of the response current was retained after 30 activity assays. Morphology of electrodes was characterized by SEM and AFM. Additionally, contact angle measurements were made with 1 μL water of polymer film and enzyme electrode. As a result, the cholesterol biosensor suggested in this study is easy to prepare and is highly cost-effective. This composite (PPy–DBS) can supply a biocompatible and electrochemical microenvironment for immobilization of the enzyme, making this material a good candidate for the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective cholesterol biosensors.

Deposition of Solid Impurity During Washing of Softented Cotton in Function of the Mixtures of Surfactants

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to measure the deposition of solid impurity on finished cotton fabric treated with DMDHEU resin during washing cycles of cotton fabric treated with different softeners. Fabrics will be softened with the conventional esterquat and with aminosilicone products having different molecular weights and mixtures of both. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and non-ionic surfactant ethoxylated fatty alcohol were used. Both separately and in different proportions during the deposition trials were used. In general, the deposition values decrease on increasing the quantity of non-ionic surfactant in the mixture and with the finished cotton fabric increase this one after the application of the softeners tested alone and with their mixtures.

Anti Corrosion Ability and Biocidal Efficiency of Surfactants on Mild Steel in Aqueous Environment

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The inhibition efficiency of DMBP (Diethyl-4-methyl benzyl phosphonate) along with Biocidal action of CTAB and SDS on corrosion of mild steel in neutral aqueous medium has been evaluated by mass loss method, both in absence and presence of Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;. It is observed that DMBP exhibits 65% IE individually at ambient temperature. Synergistic influence of Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; increases IE of DMBP to 71%. Addition of surfactants CTAB (N-Cetyl-N,N,N-Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) and SDS ( Sodium dodecyl Benzene sulphonate) enhances the inhibition efficiency of DMBP from 65% to 96% and 92% respectively. The inhibitor system consisting of DMBP (200 ppm) + Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; (90 ppm)+ CTAB (50 ppm) / SDS (40 ppm) offered maximum Biocidal efficiency (BE %) of 100% after killing of microbial bacteria present in aqueous system. FTIR spectra indicates the protective film consist of Fe&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-DMBP and Zn(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Benchmarking the Self-Assembly of Surfactin Biosurfactant at the Liquid-Air Interface to those of Synthetic Surfactants.

The adsorption of surfactin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant, at the liquid–air interface has been investigated in this work. The maximum adsorption density and the nature and the extent of lateral interaction between the adsorbed surfactin molecules at the interface were estimated from surface tension data using the Frumkin model. The quantitative information obtained using the Frumkin model was also compared to those obtained using the Gibbs equation and the Langmuir–Szyszkowski model. Error analysis showed a better agreement between the experimental and the calculated values using the Frumkin model relative to the other two models. The adsorption of surfactin at the liquid–air interface was also compared to those of synthetic anionic, sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS), and nonionic, octaethylene glycol monotetradecyl ether (C14E8), surfactants. It has been estimated that the area occupied by a surfactin molecule at the interface is about 3- and 2.5-fold higher than those occupied by SDBS and C14E8 molecules, respectively. The interaction between the adsorbed molecules of the anionic biosurfactant (surfactin) was estimated to be attractive, unlike the mild repulsive interaction between the adsorbed SDBS molecules.

Equilibrium and kinetics of wetting hydrophobic microporous membrane in sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and diethanolamine aqueous solutions

AbstractLiquid penetrations into hydrophobic capillaries are controlled by the adsorption and diffusion of the solute in the vicinity of the moving meniscus. The wetting process of microporous hydrophobic polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane was investigated in both sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) and diethanolamine (DEA) aqueous solutions. The experimental results revealed that wetting both the PVDF and PTFE membranes in SDBS solutions at high concentrations proceeded in two stages: rapid wetting and slow wetting, but this transition in the wetting rate was not observed during the membrane wetting at low SDBS concentration and in DEA solutions. The membrane wetting process was accelerated by increasing the solution temperature.

AN APPLIED COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL PRE-DISPERSED SOLVENT EXTRACTION (PDSE) CONTACTORS AND NEW DISSOLVED NITROGEN PDSE (DNPDSE) ONES

Efforts to increase the mass transfer coefficient, enhance the contact area, and decrease the power input of contractors have given risen to the development of the pre-dispersed solvent extraction (PDSE) contactor and the devise of the new dissolved nitrogen PDSE (DNPDSE) contactors. The studies conducted after the design of the new contactor to determine the working conditions for its suitable performance (2.5-3.5 bar pressure, 0.1 L/min sparger flow rate, and 1.5 L of the aqueous phase) showed that for all the evaluated conditions (i.e. the pressure, polyaphron type, and dilution percentage), the recovery in the DNPDSE contactor was higher than that in the PDSE one. In addition, pictures of the performance modes of the two contactor indicated the presence of the organic phase in the form of colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) in the DNPDSE contactor and of polyaphron aggregations in the PDSE one. This is a good reason for the increased copper recovery in the DNPDSE contactor. The best recovery for the extraction process in the DNPDSE contactor was achieved using the anionic polyaphron of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (NaDBS) with five-fold dilution at 3.5 bar.

Performance of Latent Heat Solar Thermal Energy Storage System Using Various Heat Transfer Fluids

In the present work the thermal performance of Phase Change Material (PCM) based solar thermal energy storage system under the influence of different heat transfer fluids (HTF) have been investigated. Water, Ethylene Glycol–water and Copper nanofluid are selected as HTF. Paraffin is used as PCM and encapsulated in cylindrical capsules. The thermal energy storage (TES) tank acts as a storage unit consisting PCM capsules packed in three beds surrounded by water, which acts as sensible heat storage (SHS) material. HTF circulated by a pump transfers heat from solar flat plate collector (FPC) to the TES tank. 25% ethylene glycol -75% water HTF is prepared by mixing ethylene glycol (EG) with water. Copper-distilled water nanofluids (0.3% by weight) are prepared using prolonged sonication with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) as the surfactant. Various performance parameters such as charging time, instantaneous heat stored, cumulative heat stored and system efficiency are studied for various HTFs. It is found that the charging time is reduced by 33.3% for copper nanofluid and 22.2% for ethylene glycol- water mixture HTFs. It is also observed that there is an increase in system efficiency and cumulative heat stored with reference to charging time for these HTFs when compared with conventional HTF 1 i.e. water.