Sodium Chloride Bath Research Articles

Direct electrowinning of lead from suspension galena concentrate anode in different electrolytes

Electrochemical extraction of lead from galena by suspension electrolysis has been examined. Galvanostatic studies with slurry electrode as well as voltametric studies with carbon paste electrode in various electrolytes have been made in order to evaluate bath performance. Sodium hydroxide has been found to result in poor dissolution whereas ionic conduction through the electrolyte as well as oxide formation at the anode hinders lead dissolution in perchlorate media. Acetate bath results in substantial amount of oxide formation at anode even though solid bed conduction dominates. Sodium chloride bath has been found to have good prospects for producing lead ions and elemental sulfur with good current efficiencies.

Structural features of the transition layer formed in diffusion welding of bronze to steel

The chemicothermal interaction of bronze with 20Kh3MVF steel during welding was investigated. The diffusion joining was done in a sodium chloride bath. An electron probe determined the contact zone of the bronze with the steel and it was established that mutual penetration of the bronze and steel components of the occurs as a result of counterdiffusion. Metallography and x-ray diffraction of the specimen transverse section revealed structural features of the weld zone. The formation of the steel with grains of tin in copper at the boundary forces the brittle eutectoid into the bronze which was found to increase joint strength.

Microbial aspects of protein recovery from meat industry by-products

A significant reduction in the number of micro-organisms associated with the bovine meat by-products, lung, rumen and blood plasma, was noted after their alkali-extractable proteins had been spun into a fibrous form. Most of the effect was found when the protein was coagulated in a 10% acetic acid/10% sodium chloride bath. Whereas the approximate shelf-life of raw rumen and lung was three and four days, respectively (at 0°C), proteins isolated from these tissues were relatively stable and could be stored for up to three weeks. Spun protein fibres were even more resistant to microbial spoilage and were stable for at least three years. Tests for specific food poisoning organisms on the spun protein fibres revealed an absence of coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella/Shigella spp.

養殖ウナギのえらに寄生する?EＰｓｅｕｄｏｄａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓ ｍｉｃｒｏｒｃｈｉｓ?F（吸虫類単生目） ＩＩＩ トリクロルホンによる実験的駆虫

In the first experiment, the effects of trichlorfon, formalin and sodium chloride baths on the control of Pseudodactylogylus microrchis on eels (Anguilla anguilla) were studied comparatively. As a result, the 0.5 ppm•24 hour-bath of trichlorfon proved to be potentially practical in both respects of effectiveness and harmlessness. In the second experiment, the effective way of treatment with 0.5 ppm•24 hour trichlorfon bath was examined. In consequence, a double 0.5 ppm•24 hour-bath of trichlorfon with an adequate interval was confirmed to be completely effective for the control of the worm. The second bath was found to be indispensable, because the eels became reinfected with the young forms hatched from eggs which were laid during the first bath. The interval between the first bath and the second bath depends on the time required for hatching of the eggs. And, actually, 3 days interval proved adequate at the experimental water temperature of 25.5-28°C.

The action of bile and some of its constituents upon intestinal peristalsis and the circulation

In their experiments with a Vella fistula, Fubini and Luzzati found that a pea, fastened to a thread, passed along the bowel more quickly when ten to fifteen minutes previously they had injected two grams of bile. C. Eckhard, of Giessen, also studied the influence of the bile upon the peristaltic movement of the small intestine. Eckhard experimented upon rabbits. He used a sodium chloride bath and studied the movements of the intestine in situ after opening the abdomen. After the injection into the duodenum of one cubic centimeter of bile of the rabbit the duodenum remained for ten minutes in absolute rest. He injected three c.c. of bile of rabbit, calf and sheep in different parts of the small intestine with the same result, the intestine remaining quiet fifteen to twenty minutes. If, however, the intestine remained for some time in the salt solution, it became more sensitive to the irritant. With the injection of large quantities of bile there was more frequently than before little wave-like movements, although Eckhard does not feel sure that this was the result of the bile injected. Drs. Hallion and Netter have studied the influence of bile on the peristalsis of the intestine. They operated on dogs curarized or narcotized by chloralose or by morphine and chloral. By a small button hole in the small (mainly in the duodenum) intestine they introduced a balloon which was connected with a water manometer by means of rubber tubing. The balloon was flexible rubber and mounted upon a metal tube perforated by a large number of lateral openings, which prevented bends of the balloon upon itself. The water manometer was connected with a Marey tambour which inscribed the movements.