Sodium Borate Glasses Research Articles

The Radioluminescence Investigation of Lead Sodium Borate Glass Doped with Eu3+

The effect of Eu3+-doped lead sodium borate glasses in composition of (79-x)B2O3: 20Na2O: xPbO: 1Eu2O3 and x are 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mol%) were studied by using the melt-quenching technique. The absorption spectra show a maximum of 5 transition, where the strongest absorption bands were shown at 394 and 2101 nm in visible light and near-infrared region, respectively. The emission spectra of glasses were measured at 394 nm excitation wavelength. The highest peak of emission spectra corresponding due to 5D0 to 7F2 transition centered at 613 nm. The intensity of emission spectra increased with the increasing of PbO concentration upto 5 mol%. The radioluminescence spectrum (RL) has four peaks similar to photoluminescence, While, the transition at 612 nm strong strongest, identified at 0 mol% of PbO. In addition, the calculated integral scintillation efficiency of 5 mol% is 5.37% as compared with BGO crystal. The values of the color chromaticity coordinates were (0.65, 0.35) locating on the orange region of CIE diagram.

Effect of Graphene Additives on the Structure and Optical Parameters of Pure Sodium Borate Glass

This work has been performed to understand the effect of insertion of pure graphene, a two-dimensional organic material, throughout the structural matrix of the pure sodium borate glass. Different amounts (in grams), 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, of graphene have been added to 1 mol of Na2B4O7·10H2O. Four solid samples were prepared using fast cooling from their melts at 1000 ± 10°C. The prepared solids were characterized using X-ray diffraction, which indicated the amorphous nature of the four samples with an increase in the count rate when the content of graphene increased. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis confirmed that the increase in the graphene content caused an increase in BO4 concentration concerning BO3. The amount of oxidized graphene was shared as glass network formers. The measured values of bulk density and the micro-hardness slightly increased as the graphene content increased. Optical measurement showed an increase in the optical absorbance, direct band gap, indirect band gap, and optical band edge. Also, the values of optoelectronic parameters increased when the graphene content increased to be larger than that of the pure ZnO and CO-ZnO, making the studied glass good candidates for nonlinear optical applications. Both the metallization factor and Urbach's energy showed that the crystallinity degree increased when the content of graphene increased.

Nanosecond nonlinear optical, optical limiting and structural properties of Eu3+ activated antimony sodium borate glasses embedded with silver nanoparticles: Effect of heat treatment

Effect of heat treatment on nonlinear optical and optical limiting features of borate based glasses has been ascertained by the Z‒scan technique and the results are discussed in detail. The electron microscopic measurements confirmed the existence of spherical shaped Ag nanoparticles and their growth with heat treatment. The values of the two photon absorption coefficient (α2), nonlinear refractive index (n2) and third‒order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) showed an increase trend with the increase of the heat treatment duration up to 50 h. Subsequently, the nonlinear optical magnitudes decreased at higher heat treatment durations (for 72 h). The enhancement in the nonlinear optical results of the glasses was attributed to the local field stimulated by silver nanoparticles in the vicinity of the Eu3+ ions in the glass matrices. The optical limiting threshold values demonstrated an opposite trend to that of α2. The enhancement in α2 from 2.84 × 10−11 to 4.66 × 10−11 mW−1 and decrement in optical limiting threshold values from 2.85 × 108 to 1.73 × 108 Jcm−2 with variation of heat treatment durations from 0 to 50 h suggest the SNBEuAg0.8‒50 glass is beneficial for designing the photonic limiters to work in the visible region to suppress the high energy laser radiations.

The combination of high optical transparency and radiation shielding effectiveness of zinc sodium borate glasses by tungsten oxide additions

The combination of high optical transparency and radiation shielding effectiveness of zinc sodium borate glasses by tungsten oxide additions has been investigated. We investigated glasses of a formula [xWO3–(25-x)-ZnO-20Na2O–55B2O3; where 0 ≤x ≤ 20, step= 5 mol. %], based on their structural, optical and radiation shielding properties. Actually, five different glass samples were synthesized using the melt quenching approach. The transmittance of all glass samples was measured via a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range from 300 to 1100 nm. The transmittance results confirmed the increased transparency of the investigated glasses with further WO3 additions. Moreover, the transmittance results indicated the absence of W5+, W4+, W3+ states; based on the absence of their absorption bands. Furthermore, these transmittance results revealed that the only oxidation state in the present glasses is the hexavalent tungsten (W6+) that belongs to the d° electronic configuration. The refractive index (n0) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) were determined and showed an increasing behavior with further WO3 doping. Also, the additions of WO3 resulted in an increasing behavior in the linear attenuation coefficient values with a decreasing one in the half-value layer of the current glasses. These outcomes declare that the current glasses are good candidates for radiation shielding purposes.

Towards highly transparent tungsten zinc sodium borate glasses for radiation shielding purposes

The impact of tungsten oxide (WO3) additions on the structure, some physical and radiation shielding parameters of sodium zinc borate glasses have been scrutinized. These glasses were properly produced by the melt quenching method. The amorphous state was affirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The internal structure within the short-range order of the glassy network was studied by the method of infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results of IR showed that the BO4 units are transformed to BO3 accompanied by the formation of nonbridging oxygens with further WO3 doping. This transformation of BO4 to BO3 and nonbridging oxygens is employed to explain the increase in the molar volume values with changing WO3/ZnO amount. Further, the optical transmittance was measured within the visible range to assure the transparency of the prepared glasses. The transmittance results confirm the absence of W5+, W4+, W3+ states; based on the absence of their absorption bands. Also, the transmittance results indicate that the only oxidation state in the present glasses is hexavalent tungsten (W6+). Additionally, the parameters of radiation protection of the manufactured glasses were investigated. It was found that, the addition of WO3 improves not only the radiation protection parameters (such as the linear attenuation coefficient) but also the transparency of the prepared glasses. Finally, we concluded that, the addition of WO3 to the glass samples leads to transparent glasses with an improved shielding ability at low energies but effects slightly at high energies. Due to the high transparency and the increased values of the linear attenuation coefficient of the prepared glasses, they are considered promising glasses in the field of nuclear radiation protection, especially at low energies.

The radioluminescence investigation of lead sodium borate doped with Sm3+ glass scintillator

The effects of Sm3+-doped lead sodium borate glasses in compositions of (79-x)B2O3: 20Na2O: xPbO: 1Sm2O3 with x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mol% were studied by using the melt-quenching technique. The glass samples were characterized the spectroscopic properties. From the photoluminescence, the emission spectra of glasses showed 4 peaks bands at 563(4G5/2 → 6H5/2), 599(4G5/2 → 6H7/2), 645(4G5/2 → 6H9/2), and 706(4G5/2 → 6H11/2) nm. The maximum intensity was identified at 10 mol% of PbO. Similarly, the radioluminescence spectra (RL) of the glasses were found in 4 emission bands, The strongest emission peak of RL was 597 nm at 5 mol% of PbO. The maximum intensity of PL and RL shows the difference in PbO content due to the difference in interaction mechanisms of host material and activator from UV and X-ray excitation. The absorption spectra revealed the highest emission wavelength at 599 nm. The color coordinate in CIE-1931 was found to locate in the orange region.

Influence of exchanging CeO2 with Cu2O3 on structural matrix, shielding, and linear/nonlinear optical parameters of the cerium-sodium borate glass

This paper discusses how substituting a lanthanide oxide with a transition metal oxide impacts the structural matrix, shielding parameters, and the optical properties of the sodium borate glass. Where a set of glass samples have been prepared using the fast quenching method, where three types of glasses were obtained; i) copper-free/cerium-rich sodium borate glass (one sample), ii) cerium-free/copper-rich sodium borate glass (one sample), and iii) Cerium copper sodium borate glass (three samples). XRD patterns indicated the amorphous nature for the as-prepared samples regardless of the changing amounts of CeO2 and Cu2O3. FTIR-spectral analysis showed that ratio BO3:BO4 reached its lower limit in the sample containing equal CeO2 and Cu2O3 concentrations. At the same time, it has got its upper limit in the cerium-free/copper-rich sample. Optical calculations showed that the same contains equal concentrations of CeO2 and Cu2O3 have the maximum optical bandgaps and the minimum Urbach's energy among the studied samples. On the other hand, gamma-ray spectroscopic measurements associated with XCOM calculations indicated that the highest μm value was obtained for the Copper-free/cerium-rich samples. Based on the experimental μm, other important parameters, such as the half-value layer HVL, were evaluated to investigate the present glass system. The neutron shielding behavior of the studied samples was also evaluated by calculating the fast neutron removal cross-section ΣR, and the results revealed the possibility of using the studied glass samples containing 3% of the CeO2 content in radiation protection applications.

Hollow Channel Formation inside Sodium Aluminoborate Glass by Femtosecond Laser Writing and Distilled Water Etching.

Recently, the effect of nanograting formation was demonstrated for binary sodium borate glass with the possibility of data storage with an enhanced level of security. The obvious disadvantage of such glass is poor chemical stability, which limits real applications. In this paper, we show that the introduction of Al2O3 allows preserving the possibility of nanograting formation with a significant increase of chemical resistance and thus to preserve optical memory applications. On the other hand, the possibility of selective etching of laser-written tracks by means of distilled water is revealed, which was not demonstrated for other types of glasses. The dependence of retardance of nanogratings form birefringence on laser writing parameters is established and discussed. Structural features of laser-modified microdomains are studied via Raman spectroscopy which revealed an increase of three-coordinated boron content. A possible mechanism of selective etching is discussed.

Effect of Ag2O addition on structural and optical characteristics of B2O3–Bi2O3–Na2O–Nb2O5 oxide glass

In this work, bismuth-niobium based sodium borate glass was modified by introducing Ag2O additives according to the formula 100 wt% {60 mol% B2O3 + 17.5 mol% Na2O + 17.5 Bi2O3 + 5 mol%Nb2O5} + x wt% Ag2O, where x = 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0. Glass samples were prepared by traditional melt quenching method, and silver oxide was incorporated by weight addition. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the studied materials and that the addition of Ag2O didn’t affect structural phases. Vibrational transitions showed cross-linking between BO3, BO4, and BiO3 structural groups, meanwhile the Na+, NbO6, and BiO6, in addition to the Ag2+ occupy the interstitial spaces. Furthermore, the study shows a transition of Bi2O3 from acting as a glass network modifier BiO6 to a glass network former BiO3. Study of the electronic transitions showed that the optical absorption edge is located around 505 nm. Furthermore, the addition of Ag2O caused a slight decrease in the value of Urbach energy which means an increase in the structural ordering, that may be assigned to the conversion of BO4 to BO3.

Influence of the gradual increase of TiO2-impurities on the structural and optical properties of some calcium sodium borate glasses

The influence of the gradual increase of TiO2-impurities on the structural and optical properties of some calcium sodium borate glasses was studied to estimate its possibility to use for optoelectronic applications. Where a set of samples were prepared by the fast cooling method, then XRD, and FTIR were used for the characterization and identification of the internal structures of those samples, which exhibited the short-range order structure of the amorphous solids. The introduction of TiO2 caused BO3 to convert to BO4, increase the bulk density of the samples, increase the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms, increase the optical absorbance, and decrease the volume energy loss function. The optical band gaps for the allowed electronic transitions of the study samples showed an anomalous behavior when the Ti-content increase, where the value of the optical bandgap for direct transition increased while that of indirect transition decreased. UV–vis spectral analysis showed the absence of any absorption peaks, which requires that all Ti-cations should be of tetrahedral coordination and have an empty d-subshell.

The Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Sodium Borate Glasses

The Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Sodium Borate Glasses

The photon interactions and build-up factor for gadolinium sodium borate glass: Theoretical and experimental approaches

Gadolinium sodium borate glass in compositions of xGd2O3: 20Na2O:(80-x)B2O3 (where x is 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol%) were prepared by melt quenching technique. The glass samples have been investigated for the physical properties and radiation shielding properties. The glass density and molar volume tended to increase with increasing Gd2O3 concentration. The theoretical values of radiation shielding were computed by WinXCom program in the energy range 0.015 MeV–15 MeV. The experimental values have been measured in energy range 0.223 MeV–0.662 MeV using Compton scattering technique for variation the energy from Cs-137 source. The experimental values are in good agreement with the theoretical values. From the results, the replacement of B2O3 by Gd2O3 helped to increase the mass attenuation coefficients (μm), effective atomic number (Zeff) and effective electron density (Neff). The energy absorption buildup factor coefficients (EABF) and the exposure buildup factor values (EBF) were decreased with the increasing of Gd2O3 at energy below 2 MeV and show the increase with Gd2O3 content at energy higher than 2 MeV. The half value layer (HVL) were decreased with increasing of Gd2O3. All studied glasses were found to be lower HVL values, when compared with the some standard shielding materials. These results reflected to the ability of gadolinium sodium borate glass for radiation shielding material.

Effect of gamma-ray on producing induced colour centres and on positron annihilation lifetime of bismuth-doped zinc sodium borate glasses

Abstract A melt quenching method have been used for preparing a glass composition of the form (70-x)%B2O3-15%ZnO-15%Na2O-x%Bi2O3 (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mol %). The prepared glass was studied by FTIR and Positron annihilation lifetime measurements. FTIR analysis after 80 kGy -irradiation of bismuth-doped glass samples, show the dependence of the number of structural units BO3 and BO4 on the -irradiation dose. FTIR absorption spectra revealed that gamma irradiation produces a degree of a disorder or defects of the glass network which producing colour centres. The objective FTIR spectra were used to estimate the N4 ratio and its dependence on the composition. Positron annihilation lifetime measurements were carried out for all samples before and after 80 kGy -irradiation. Irradiated samples show a colour change, which is most likely due to the formation of colour centres. Such colour changes due to -irradiation allow estimating that the prepared glass samples can be used as a shielding material or as a radiation indicator sensor.

Influence of size of Ag NP on spectroscopic performances of Eu3+ ions in sodium borate glass host

In this contemporary technological world, Eu3+ ions doped metal nanoparticles embedded amorphous materials are receiving overwhelming interest due to their potentiality in developing LEDs and solid-state lasers for photonic devices applications. Due to which, in the present investigation, we made an attempt to enhance the spectroscopic performance of Eu3+ ions in the proposed glasses. A new set of Eu3+ ions doped Ag NPs precipitated sodium borate glasses were fabricated using a simple conservative melt quenching method. The results of XRD support the glasses' amorphous phase by exhibiting a large diffuse ring at 20–40°. The optical absorption spectra results reveal that the observed absorption peaks originated from 7F0 and 7F1 ground states to various excited states of Eu3+ ions and as usual the observed SPR peak induced by Ag NPs underwent regular red-shift. The presence of spherical and well-dispersed Ag NPs in the glass matrix was confirmed by HR-TEM images. PL emission spectra of the studied glass samples showed that the highest peak emission intensity for NLE-1 glass, and also observed that the enhanced peak intensities for all NLE glasses with precipitation of Ag NPs. This PL intensity improvement is due to the transfer of energy from small clusters of Ag NPs to Eu3+ ions. The yield of the 5D0→7FJ emissions is demonstrated utilizing the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. In addition, the emission of Eu3+ ions has been analyzed using the Judd-Ofelt emission theory.

Experimental investigation of zinc sodium borate glass systems containing barium oxide for gamma radiation shielding applications

Sodium zinc borate glasses doped with dysprosium and modified with different concentrations of barium oxide (0–50 mol %) were fabricated using the melting quenching technique. The structural properties of the prepared glass systems were characterized using XRD and FTIR methods. The absorption spectra of the prepared glasses were measured to determine their energy gap and their related optical properties. The density of the glasses and other physical parameters were also reported. Additionally, with the help of Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software, we investigated the radiation shielding parameters of the prepared glass systems at different energy values. It was found that an increase in the density of the glasses by increasing the concentration of BaO significantly improved the gamma ray shielding ability of the samples. For practical results, a compatible irradiation set up was designed to check the shielding capability of the obtained glasses using a gamma ray source at 662 keV. The experimentally obtained results strongly agreed with the data obtained by PDS software at the same energy. These results demonstrated that the investigated glass system is a good candidate for several radiation shielding applications when comparing it with other commercial shielding glasses and concretes.

Laser Writing of Polarization-Dependent Birefringence in Sodium-Borate Glasses

The conditions for the formation of microdomains with polarization-dependent birefringence by a femtosecond laser beam in sodium-borate glasses with different Na2O content were determined. The dependences of the phase shift in the light passing through the birefringent zones on the parameters of laser exposure and on the chemical composition of the glass were determined. It is shown that an increase in the Na2O content leads to a decrease in the minimum number of pulses required to form zones with polarization-dependent birefringence and under certain conditions to the formation of a special type of modification for which the slow axis of birefringence is parallel to the polarization plane of the laser beam.

Acoustical parameters of sodium borate metallic glass - Na2CO3-B2O3-Na2O

In recent decades, one of the very popular and kind of advanced materials is Metallic glasses. Metallic glass materials can easily versatile for their manufacturability with plastics because of their complex shapes. Presently, Glassy alloys pivotan extraordinaryexploration in the worldwide community of metals.In this paper we have presented about Sodium Borate Glass-(Na3bo3) nature, glasses in the system Na3bo3, by melt quenching technique has been prepared. The structural investigation has been carried out by X-Ray Diffraction studies. Debye temperature and Elastic properties have been analyzedby utilizing measurements of sound velocity. The purpose of Na2O in the B2O3is to change the host structure by changing the borate network structural units from BO3 to BO4. Sodium diborate is a type of borate glass. Borate glass of this typeattractsmany researchers attentionbecause of their improved optical and electrical properties. Infra Red spectroscopy is one of theviabletools for the local arrangements structure resolution in glasses. The UVvisible optical analysisis used to study about the optical spectra. These results are utilized to find the refractive index of glasses and optical band gap.

Effect of the Fe2O3 addition on the elastic and gamma-ray shielding features of bismuth sodium-borate glass system

Effect of the Fe2O3 addition on the elastic and gamma-ray shielding features of bismuth sodium-borate glass system

Nonlinear optical, optical limiting and radiation shielding features of Eu3+ activated borate glasses

Effect of trivalent europium ions on optical nonlinear and limitng features of antimony sodium borate gasses was studied at 532 nm using Z-scan method with pumping under nanosecond laser pulses. The Z–scan profile of studied glasses in open aperture configuration showed two photon absorption which is because of reverse saturable absorption. As the Eu2O3 concentration is elevated in the composition, the two–photon absorption coefficients were increased while the opposite trend has been noticed in optical limiting threshold values. This endorse, the high Eu3+ doped antimony sodium borate glasses are potential materials for fabricating the optical limiters to work in visible region for the safeguard of delicated instruments and also human eyes from high energy laser radaitions persuaded damages. Further, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) revealed the incorporation of Eu2O3 enhances the LAC and thus an improvement on the shielding competence of the fabricated glasses occurs with the addition of Eu2O3. The effective atomic number (Zeff) results showed that the maximum interactions between the photons and the atoms of the glasses occurs at 0.122 MeV and the glass samples have a good blocking ability to the photons. The half value layer (HVL) found that to reduces as the Eu3+ content elevated to higher level in the composition. The radiation shielding factors showed that SNBEu2 glass with the 2 mol % of Eu2O3 is the superior shield out of the fabricated SNBEux samples.

Efficacy of Eu3+ on improving the near–infrared optical nonlinearities and optical limiting properties of antimony sodium borate glasses

Efficacy of Eu3+ ions nonlinear optical and optical limiting performances of antimony sodium borate gasses was investigated and discussed in detail. Nonlinear optical absorption and refraction features were evaluated in open and closed aperture Z–scan modes, respectively. The open aperture Z–scan profiles of the glasses demonstrated a reverse saturable absorption behaviour attributed to two photon absorption. The closed aperture Z–scan profiles exhibited positive type nonlinear refraction due to self–focusing effect. The two photon absorption coefficients demonstrated an increasing trend while the optical limiting threshold values demonstrated a decreasing trend as the function of Eu3+ concentration in the composition. This improved two photon absorption and decreased OL threshold coefficients with respect to Eu2O3 concentration in the compositions endorse the glasses as contending materials for the fabrication of optical limiters, which are promising use for protection of eyes and other sensitive instruments from laser induced damages.