Socket Programming Research Articles

A Scalable Simulation Method for Network Attack

In order to found a scalable platform for attack resistance test, this paper proposed a simulation method for network attack. We designed a modular framework and using XML to describe the test cases. We also realized both stateful and stateless attacks by Socket programming and Jpcap packet forging method. Experiment results showed that the system has good scalability and provides a template-based testing circuit.

Interactive Modeler for Construction Equipment Operation Using Augmented Reality

AbstractTo ensure an efficient and safe construction operation, efforts have been made to develop a planning tool that focuses on equipment utilization. With the development of augmented reality (AR) technology came an opportunity for collaborative and interactive scenario modelling of construction equipment operation. This paper presents a system for identifying the optimum scenario for equipment operation by intuitively operating the equipment in an AR environment. Augmented reality was coupled with transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) socket programming to form an interactive interface for multiple users. In this system, users can develop a construction scenario involving equipment operation and site conditions such as project progress and share the idea with other users in distant locations. The interactive modeler can test various situations to find the particular scenario that works the best under the surrounding spatial constraints. A case study involving construction of a real ...

Remote monitoring and control of horticultural cool storage over the Internet

AbstractIn this article, a distributed architecture that allows remote control and monitoring of horticultural cool storage (HCS) is presented. The various stages in the design and implementation of system for monitoring temperature and relative humidity and controlling HCS environment conditions are presented and discussed. The required hardware include a microcontroller and accompanying electronic circuitry, a server computer, serial port, temperature and relative humidity sensors and two actuators. Microcontroller transfers the sensors data to the server via serial port. Both the client and the server side programs are coded in VB programming language. They use VB MSComm control in order to communicate with the microcontroller. Internet communications is relied on socket programming. Winsock is used for network communications via the TCP/IP protocol. Sockets are configured to listen to a data port or to connect and then transmit to a remote one. Consequently information can be easily and reliably transmitted, monitored and/or controlled by the two machines. The performance of system was evaluated for 2 weeks and the results were quite satisfactory. This system can be easily adapted in other agricultural facilities such as greenhouses and silos. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 136–145, 2011

Design and Development of Simple and Instant Communication Tool

Instant Message is currently the most popular way to communicate on the Internet, so various Instant Messaging software are continuously appearing; Service providers offer more and more communication service nowadays. Java programming language (Java 2 Standard Edition) is one of popular programming languages. With its features of cross-platform, security, multi-threaded capability, Socket Programming, data flow concepts and so on, Java has its own distinctive and functional advantages. Therefore, based on the research and analysis of LinuxQQ, with the Java language and J2EE, this paper designs an instant messenger—JICQ (Java for I seek you), and then analyzes its architecture, modules, as well as its key technologies. During the design and modeling process of instant messenger system, the UML and method of object-oriented analysis and design are used. Furthermore, the modeling tool of Rose is included. Based on the system j2se1.5, j2ee1.4, the Eclipse development tool in the development process, and refactoring development method, the system design is optimized. Due to these factors, the system is safe, efficient and practical in different operating system platforms.

Hands-on laboratory experiments with SOHO networking technologies

Traditional computer networking courses are primarily based on lectures and include a few TCP/IP network socket programming assignments. Students may not know how to apply what they have learned in the classroom to solve real-world problems. This paper presents several interesting laboratory experiments to provide students with hands-on experiences in low-cost small office/home office (SOHO) networking technologies, including SOHO Router/Firewall, Wi-Fi Wireless LAN, HomePlug Powerline Communication, and HomePNA Phoneline Networking. The feedback from students is encouraging. The result of the assessment tests also shows that the hands-on projects have had a positive impact on student learning and comprehension. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 586–595, 2013

Layered Wireless Video Multicast Using Relays

Wireless video multicast enables delivery of popular events to many mobile users in a bandwidth efficient manner. However, providing good and stable video quality to a large number of users with varying channel conditions remains elusive. In this paper, an integration of layered video coding, packet level forward error correction, and two-hop relaying is proposed to enable efficient and robust video multicast in infrastructure-based wireless networks. First, transmission with conventional omni-directional antennas is considered where relays have to transmit in non-overlapping time slots in order to avoid collision. In order to improve system efficiency, we next investigate a system in which relays transmit simultaneously using directional antennas. In both systems, we consider a non-layered configuration, where the relays forward all received video packets and all users receive the same video quality, as well as a layered setup, where the relays forward only the base-layer video. For each system setup, we consider optimization of the relay placement, user partition, transmission rates of each hop, and time scheduling between source and relay transmissions. Our analysis shows that the non-layered system can provide better video quality to all users than the conventional direct transmission system, and the layered system enables some users to enjoy significantly better quality, while guaranteeing other users the same or better quality than direct transmission. The directional relay system can provide substantial improvements over the omni-directional relay system. To support our results, a prototype is implemented using open source drivers and socket programming, and the system performance is validated with real-world experiments.

Visualizing berkeley socket calls in students' programs

The Berkeley Sockets API is a library of functions, macros, and data structures enabling a program to initiate and manage network communication between two or more processes on the same machine, or across a network of machines. The API is the main mechanism by which programs communicate with the operating system's TCP/IP stack and thereby with almost all Internet services and programs. Socket programming opens a new realm of development for Computer Science students as they are able to create programs that can communicate via the Internet. However, while learning, students frequently misuse the sockets API or have difficulty understanding where run-time and logic errors in their code occur. Students learning about sockets are typically presented with a series of static diagrams in textbooks that increase in complexity with each progression. These diagrams may not allow the reader to easily comprehend the transition between each step, nor understand which functions in the API perform the events. Space constraints in textbooks often limit a sequence of diagrams to two or three, whereas over 10 calls to the sockets API are often necessary to initiate and undertake communication. Surprisingly, there are no effective tools or general techniques for debugging students' socket programs. In this paper we present a software solution to visualize the execution of students' programmed interactions with the Berkeley Sockets API. The tool accepts the source code of two or more networking programs and compiles them in such a way that, at run-time, their calls to the socket API and related functions are displayed, together with an annotation of activity and error conditions. The program is not simply a static simulator - it provides a means to visualize the network events in actual student developed program.

VERKKOKE

We present an Online Teaching Environment (OTE) that supports "learning by doing" philosophy in teaching telecommunications software and routing. "Learning by doing" is achieved by giving students a programming assignment that introduces them to socket programming and gives them the opportunity to practice implementing simplified routing protocols. The OTE creates individual assignments for students, accepts solution submissions via the Internet, and, finally, checks the assignments automatically. The system also notifies the students of possible mistakes in their solutions, so they can learn from their mistakes, fix them and resubmit the corrected solutions. The teacher needs only to start the system when the course begins and verify the assignment results when students have finished their work. The OTE is compatible with modern learning management systems through its adherence to the SharableContent Object Reference Model (SCORM) specification. The OTE supports intricate and realistic programming assignments through representative topology generation and sophisticated network simulation.

Teaching experiences with a virtual network laboratory

The Open Network Laboratory (ONL) is an Internet-accessible virtual laboratory facility that can deliver a high quality laboratory experience in advanced networking [3,7]. Our experience with ONL indicates that it has potential to improve student understanding of fundamental networking concepts and increase enthusiasm for experimentation with complex technology. Furthermore, these benefits can be delivered with less effort from the instructor than using a traditional approach of socket programming and ns-2 simulation exercises. The system is built around a set of high-performance, extendible routers which connect personal computers acting as end systems. Users configure their virtual network through the Remote Laboratory Interface (RLI), an intuitive graphical interface. The RLI's real-time charts and user data facility make it easy to directly view the effect of system parameters on traffic behavior. These features can enhance learning by providing users with multiple representations of network phenomena. We describe how the ONL facilities have improved our ability to meet instructional objectives and discuss some approaches to improving the laboratory experience.

Vowel synthesis tool based on transmission line model as a web application

This paper introduces a web application for vowel synthesis in acoustics education. Synthesis systems that provide users with interactive operation for determining vocal tract configuration and vocal fold control parameters can be effective tools for intuitive understanding of vowel production for students. For example, differences in the size of the vocal tract and vocal folds between male and female speakers can be recognized as differences in formant and pitch frequencies in speech sounds. The realization of such a system as a web application is suitable for platform independent use, considering the recent progress in information and communication technology. In our developed system, interactive operation for determining vocal tract configuration and vocal fold control parameters is achieved on a web browser by using a Java applet. These articulatory parameters are transferred to a server computer via a client/server connection using socket programming, and synthetic speech is produced using calculation programs on the server computer. The speech synthesizer installed on the server is based on the hybrid speech production model proposed by Sondhi and Schroeter. A preliminary user test showed that the system demonstrated a certain applicability as a teaching tool.

VERKKOKE

At Helsinki University of Technology, in Telecommunications Software and Multimedia Laboratory we give a course titled "Computer Networks". One of the learning objectives of the course is network programming and routing. Our philosophy of teaching is "learning by doing", which means in practice that one of the requirements for passing the course is a programming assignment. The programming assignment introduces the student to socket programming and gives the student the possibility to practice implementing simplified routing protocols.The solutions to the programming assignments have previously been demonstrated to assistants and the reports were submitted as paper printouts and all students have done the same assignment. The students have complained that the submission method is out-of-date and inappropriate for a course about computer networks since the course curriculum includes many examples of applications that could be used to submit the assignments over the Internet.To answer the above requirements and to reduce the work load of the course personnel without hindering the students learning process, we are implementing an online learning environment for the Computer Networks course. This system creates and sends individual assignments for students, accepts solution submissions via the Internet, and, finally, checks them automatically. The system also notifies the students of possible mistakes in their solutions. This way, the students can learn from their mistakes and fix them and resubmit the corrected solutions. The goal of the implementation is that the teacher only needs to start the system when the course begins and verify the assignment results when students have finished their work.We can achieve multiple learning objectives simultaneously with this online learning system. The students learn how to implement simple user authentication, how to implement real working network programs for the Internet with different application programming interfaces (APIs), and learn how to apply the routing theory into practice. The submission using the Internet frees students from the boundaries of time and place since course assignments can be solved when and where students want to do them. Automatic correction gives fast feedback and allows students to learn from their own mistakes because they can still remember what they have done.The course provides a server and students implement corresponding client software to contact the server. In this phase of the assignment, students rehearse their knowledge of concurrent network programming. The server emulates a network that has several routers. A student's client represents one router whose routing table is calculated on the basis of the information sent by the server. The server can send routing data that is based on simplified versions of routing protocols such as distance vector or link state protocols. In other words, the second phase of the assignment is for learning routing in an internetwork.We believe that our system will have strong positive impact on learning results. Routing is one of the most difficult concepts related to computer networks. Theoretical studying alone does not help to understand the real practical problems. In addition, our system allows combining theory and practicalities since theory presented in the course lectures can be immediately applied in students' own work in a very concrete way.

CORBA-based solution for remote participation in SST-1 tokamak control and operation

The steady state superconducting tokamak (SST-1) central control system is a distributed heterogeneous process communication system built on socket programming. It consists of machine, experiment and discharge control plus timing and a database. The software controls and monitors SST-1 subsystems: water-cooling, power supplies, cryogenics and vacuum over a local area network (LAN). The SST-1 control room is the place where all the activities like session announcement, machine control, experiment control, discharge control and monitoring are performed. We have realized that, instead of having a single monitoring place, we should have multiple monitoring points and it should be made possible to control the experiment from any PC over the LAN. In order to meet such requirements for remote participation in tokamak operation, we are upgrading the existing software. The upgraded software is based on Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) technology. The software is utilizing CORBA-services such as event service, naming services, interface repository and security services. The inherent features of CORBA make the software, platform and language independent. The software supports a variety of communication paradigms including publish–subscribe, peer-to-peer, and request–reply. Based on this software, one can participate in SST-1 tokamak operation from the LAN, or a wide area network (WAN) connection anywhere on the Internet. Each user can customize plasma parameters and diagnostics data that he wants to monitor, at any time without any change in the software and a copy of these parameters will be available to him. This paper focuses on the publish–subscribe communication paradigm and its application for a machine monitoring system.

A design and implementation of active network socket programming

The concept of programmable nodes and active networks introduces programmability into communication networks. Code and data can be sent and modified on their ways to destinations. Recently, various research groups have designed and implemented their own execution platforms for active networks. Each design has its own benefits and drawbacks. Hence, there exist interoperability problems among them. Therefore in this paper, we introduce a concept that is similar to the socket programming for writing network programs. A set of simple interfaces, the Active Network Socket Programming (ANSP), for programming active applications is established. The resulting active applications will be able to work on top of all other execution environments in future. The ANSP offers a concept that is similar to ‘write once, run everywhere.’ It is an open programming model that active applications can work on all execution environments. It solves the heterogeneity within the active networks. This is especially useful when active applications need to access all regions within a heterogeneous network to deploy special service at critical points or to monitor the performance of the entire networks. Instead of introducing a new platform, our approach provides a thin, transparent layer on top of existing environments that can be easily installed for all active applications.

Management of a robotised system on an Ethernet network

One of the most important problems for industrial implantation of Flexible Manufacturing Systems is communication between different devices and computers. The standardised use of local area networks (LANs), together with the power of available computers has significantly reduced communications difficulties. The next key challenge to be addressed is that of enhanced robot programming to implement integrated manufacturing processes. A proposal to operate a robotised system through an Ethernet network is presented in this paper. The system uses LAN features and socket programming to (i) implement a computer-robot link to allow an off-line robot programming, (ii) share the robotised system from a computer server and (iii) monitor all tasks, and corresponding status of the system from any node in the LAN.

Performance evaluation of communication software systems for distributed computing

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in object-oriented distributed computing since it is better equipped to deal with complex systems while providing extensibility, maintainability and reusability. At the same time, several new high-speed network technologies have emerged for local and wide area networks. However, the performance of networking software is not improving as fast as the networking hardware and the workstation microprocessors. This paper gives an overview and evaluates the performance of the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard in a distributed computing environment at NASA Ames Research Center. The environment consists of two testbeds of SGI workstations connected by four networks: Ethernet, FDDI, HiPPI and ATM. The performance results for three communication software systems are presented, analysed and compared. These systems are: BSD socket programming interface, IONA's Orbix, an implementation of the CORBA specification and the PVM message passing library. The results show that high-level communication interfaces, such as CORBA and PVM, can achieve reasonable performance under certain conditions.

Experiments with ‘HP Java’

We consider the possible role of Java as a language for high performance computing. After discussing reasons why Java may be a natural candidate for a portable parallel programming language, we describe several case studies. These cover Java socket programming, message-passing through a Java interface to MPI, and class libraries for data-parallel programming in Java. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Experiments with ‘HP Java’

We consider the possible role of Java as a language for high performance computing. After discussing reasons why Java may be a natural candidate for a portable parallel programming language, we describe several case studies. These cover Java socket programming, message-passing through a Java interface to MPI, and class libraries for data-parallel programming in Java. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Distributed network computing over local ATM networks

Communication between processors has long been the bottleneck of distributed network computing. However, recent progress in switch-based high-speed local area networks (LANs) may be changing this situation. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is one of the most widely-accepted and emerging high-speed network standards which can potentially satisfy the communication needs of distributed network computing. We investigate distributed network computing over local ATM networks. We first study the performance characteristics involving end-to-end communication in an environment that includes several types of workstations interconnected via a Fore Systems' ASX-100 ATM switch. We then compare the communication performance of four different application programming interfaces (APIs). The four APIs were Fore Systems' ATM API, the BSD socket programming interface, Sun's remote procedure call (RPC), and the parallel virtual machine (PVM) message passing library. Each API represents distributed programming at a different communication protocol layer. We evaluated two popular distributed applications, parallel matrix multiplication and parallel partial differential equations, over the local ATM network. The experimental results show that network computing is promising over local ATM networks, provided that the higher level protocols, device drivers, and network interfaces are improved. >

Socket programming in the data communications laboratory

Although many data communications courses are taught with no programming content, courses designed for computer science majors should include programming. Many data communications courses with a programming component make use of serial ports on PCs while some deal with detailed network layer projects. UNIX socket programming allows the students to deal with the same issues and problems, but in a context that is more likely to be useful and that is more interesting. In addition, if socket classes are used with C++, only as much detail of socket operation as desired need be presented.

Very fast distributed spreadsheet computing

A very fast distributed spreadsheet computing program has been implemented on a distributed memory (message-passing) system with ~40 sparcstations in a local Ethernet network. With a two-stage accelerating refinement procedure — the introduction of the high-speed ECE-SC 1 1 An equivalent C expression substitution of the corresponding computing subroutines in the spreadsheet framework. program and its distributed implementation, a major (a total acceleration factor 2 2 The acceleration factor denotes a general performance gain comparing the terms of speedup. Speedup = T 1 T n , where T 1 is running time on one processor and T n the time on n processors. The main acceleration is contributed by the ECE-SC substitution. of 373 has been reached with 10 Sparcstation 1s) —acceleration has been achieved. Two versions of the distributed program have been implemented via direct stream socket programming and the parallel virtual machine environment, respectively. Experiments show that only a minor performance difference exists between these two implementations. The developed working mechanism, independent of the target machine and the spreadsheet program used, is, in principle, the fastest for the parallel implementation of spreadsheet computing.