Socio-political Considerations Research Articles

Counseling the Culturally Different: Theory and Practice

Issues and concepts in cross-cultural counselling: the politics of counselling barriers to effective cross-cultural counselling cross-cultural communication counselling styles sociopolitical considerations of mistrust in cross-cultural counselling racial/cultural identity development cross-cultural family counselling dimensions of world view the culturally-skilled counsellor. Counselling specific populations: counselling American Indians counselling Asian Americans counselling Black Americans counselling Hispanic Americans critical incidents in cross-cultural counselling.

Should men treat couples? Transference, countertransference, and sociopolitical considerations.

Should men treat couples? Transference, countertransference, and sociopolitical considerations.

Is A Worldly Philosophy Still Possible?: Adolph Lowe As Analyst And Visionary

I This is not an age of economic scenarios. The social dramas of Smith, Ricardo, Marx, Mill, and Schumpeter already have an antiquated air. One reason for this is surely the increasing formalization of economics, an approach that does not so much rule out the consideration of large-scale configurational change as avoid it because it lends itself poorly to the procedures of formal analysis. A second reason is perhaps more fundamental. It is that the path of the economy is no longer established solely by the spontaneous actions of its players. Government is now inextricably entwined in the outcome of the economic process, introducing a crucial element of political determination into the course of economic life. Thus, autonomous processes by themselves are not sufficient to explain the economic, not to mention the social and political, outcomes to which the famous scenarios led. The result, perhaps not much lamented in an age of formalism, is the end of what I believe to be the most remarkable and enduring contribution of economics to intellectual history (Heilbroner, 1990). Can that tradition be revived? The current preoccupation with formalism may fade, but I doubt that the centrality of political decision-making will follow suit. Are scenarios then to be permanently relegated to the museum of antiquities? That is the subject of this essay on the work of Adolph Lowe. Lowe's name is better known among the older generation of economists than among its current practitioners, but I believe his contribution is directly relevant to the difficulties that today stand in the way of making imaginative economic projections into the future. My intention is, therefore, not to present Lowe's work in detail, but to interpret it freely with respect to this question, a liberty I take on the basis of a relationship of mutual criticism and consultation that has gone on since I became his student almost fifty years ago.(1) Accordingly, I will concentrate here on his two most enduring contributions to this subject, On Economic Knowledge and Has Freedom a Future? What makes these books of such immediate relevance is that the first is a systematic exposition of the reasons why scenarios of the classical kind are no longer possible, while the second gives us an example of the kind of projective analysis that might be put in its place. Lowe himself describes the first proposition in the Preface of On Economic Knowledge: I started out as a convinced partisan of the traditional approach as formulated in neo-classical equilibrium theory. At the same time, some work in business cycle theory, in which I was then engaged, made me realize the serious gap that separated all equilibrium models from an economic reality which was subject to wide fluctuations in employment and output. However, I thought it possible to bridge this gap by extending the stationary framework of prevailing models into a dynamic model that would account for the periodic deviations of the economic process from a steady path. Above all, I shared the orthodox opinion that economic theory had to be a self-contained body of generalizations, independent of socio-political considerations of economic systems. A second stage was reached when I abandoned this latter dogma. In other words, I began to recognize that classical, neo-classical, and Marxian theories of the market ... depicted different forms of social and technical organization. But I still believed that industrial market systems, now understood as inclusive socio-economic phenomena, exhibited regularities of motion sufficiently strict to be formulated in laws of coexistence and succession. It is this belief which subsequent experience and reflection have shattered for good, exposing me once again to the fundamental question whether Economics is a proper subject for a theoretical science (Lowe, 1966, p. xvii). Why does economics no longer qualify as a science? Lowe's arguments trace the changing historical matrix within which economic theory emerges and to which it turns its explanatory, predictive power. …

Political Animals: The Shaping of Biomedical Research Literature in Twentieth-Century America

Previous articleNext article No AccessPolitical Animals: The Shaping of Biomedical Research Literature in Twentieth-Century AmericaSusan E. LedererSusan E. Lederer Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 83, Number 1Mar., 1992 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/356025 Views: 35Total views on this site Citations: 39Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1992 History of Science Society, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Karen A. Rader Reflections on Making Mice (2004), Journal of the History of Biology 55, no.11 (Mar 2022): 29–33.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-022-09672-xBrad Bolman Pig Mentations: Race and Face in Radiobiology, Isis 112, no.44 (Dec 2021): 694–716.https://doi.org/10.1086/717070Robert G. W. Kirk, Edmund Ramsden “Havens of mercy”: health, medical research, and the governance of the movement of dogs in twentieth-century America, History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 43, no.44 (Dec 2021).https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-021-00478-4Lesley A. Sharp Primate nation: the (after)lives of iconic creatures in American space science, BioSocieties 44 (Nov 2021).https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-021-00243-7Larry Carbone Open Transparent Communication about Animals in Laboratories: Dialog for Multiple Voices and Multiple Audiences, Animals 11, no.22 (Feb 2021): 368.https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020368Andi Johnson Historiography of Physiology, (Jan 2021): 461–498.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90119-0_26Carrie Friese, Barbara Prainsack What Is the Relation between Facts and Values in Biological Science?, (Sep 2020): 255–274.https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108648981.014Rebecca L Walker Virtue Ethics and Laboratory Animal Research, ILAR Journal 470 (Jul 2020).https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilaa015Carrie Friese, Nathalie Nuyts, Juan Pablo Pardo‐Guerra Cultures of care? Animals and science in Britain, The British Journal of Sociology 70, no.55 (Nov 2019): 2042–2069.https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12706Ulrich Koch The uses of trauma in experiment: Traumatic stress and the history of experimental neurosis, c. 1925–1975, Science in Context 32, no.33 (Dec 2019): 327–351.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889719000279Andi Johnson Historiography of Physiology, (May 2019): 1–39.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74456-8_26-1 Introduction, (Jan 2019): 1–20.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-001 Articulations, (Jan 2019): 21–45.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-002 Uneven Burdens of Risk, (Jan 2019): 46–68.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-003 Performing Responsibility, (Jan 2019): 69–97.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-004 Hierarchies of Care, (Jan 2019): 98–117.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-005 Charismatic Suffering, (Jan 2019): 118–141.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-006 Ambivalent Popularity, (Jan 2019): 142–170.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-007 An Ethics of Exclusion, (Jan 2019): 171–182.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-008 Notes, (Jan 2019): 183–223.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-009 Bibliography, (Jan 2019): 225–239.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007159-010Matthew Klingle The Multiple Lives of Marjorie: The Dogs of Toronto and the Co-Discovery of Insulin, Environmental History 23, no.22 (Sep 2021): 368–382.https://doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emx134Daren J. Simkin, Jeremy A. Greene, Julianna Jung, Bethany C. Sacks, Henry E. Fessler The Death of Animals in Medical School, New England Journal of Medicine 376, no.88 (Feb 2017): 713–715.https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1612992Eva Giraud, Gregory Hollin Care, Laboratory Beagles and Affective Utopia, Theory, Culture & Society 33, no.44 (Jul 2016): 27–49.https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276415619685Etienne S. Benson Naming the Ethological Subject, Science in Context 29, no.11 (Feb 2016): 107–128.https://doi.org/10.1017/S026988971500040XNicole Nelson , BioSocieties 11, no.11 ( 2016): 46.https://doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2015.19Iara Maria de Almeida Souza Vidas experimentais: humanos e roedores no laboratório, Etnografica , no.vol. 17 (2)vol. 17 (2) (Jun 2013): 241–268.https://doi.org/10.4000/etnografica.3108Nuno Franco Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective, Animals 3, no.11 (Mar 2013): 238–273.https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3010238Lea Haller Stress, Cortison und Homöostase, NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 18, no.22 (Aug 2010): 169–195.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-010-0017-2Gesa Lindemann From Experimental Interaction to the Brain as the Epistemic Object of Neurobiology, Human Studies 32, no.22 (Jun 2009): 153–181.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-009-9111-7Susan E. Lederer Experimentation and Ethics, (Apr 2009): 583–601.https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521572019.032Melanie Rock, Eric Mykhalovskiy, Thomas Schlich People, other animals and health knowledges: Towards a research agenda, Social Science & Medicine 64, no.99 (May 2007): 1970–1976.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.014Joan Dunayer In the Name of Science, Organization & Environment 13, no.44 (Aug 2016): 432–452.https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026600134005Martin L. Stephens, Philip Mendoza, Adrianna Weaver, Tamara Hamilton Unrelieved Pain and Distress in Animals: An Analysis of USDA Data on Experimental Procedures, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 1, no.11 (Jan 1998): 15–26.https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0101_3PATRICIA D'ANTONIO Toward a History of Research in Nursing, Nursing Research 46, no.22 (Mar 1997): 105–110.https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199703000-00008Dena M. Jones American Media Coverage of Animal Protection, Anthrozoös 9, no.2-32-3 (Apr 2015): 72–80.https://doi.org/10.2752/089279396787001536Mary T. Phillips Proper names and the social construction of biography: The negative case of laboratory animals, Qualitative Sociology 17, no.22 (Jun 1994): 119–142.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393497Arnold Arluke “We build a better beagle”: Fantastic creatures in lab animal ads, Qualitative Sociology 17, no.22 (Jun 1994): 143–158.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393498S. Plous Psychological Mechanisms in the Human Use of Animals, Journal of Social Issues 49, no.11 (Apr 1993): 11–52.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb00907.x

Orthographic Standardization for Trinidad and Tobago

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Rechtschreibnormierung für Trinidad und Tobago: Sprachliche und sozialpolitische Überlegungen in einer englischsprachigen Kreolgesellschaft Die Akzeptanz von Kreolsprachen wächst in immer mehr Anwendungsbereichen und Funktionen. Man hat daher begonnen, Möglichkeiten für die Normierung ihrer Orthografie zu untersuchen. Der Aufsatz schlagt eine Normrechtschreibung für die englische Kreolsprache von Trinidad und Tobago vor. Hiermit werden zwei Ziele verfolgt: den Bedurfnissen der dortigen Gesellschaft zu entsprechen, die immer mehr auf Kreolisch schreibt, und ein normgebendes Wörterbuch der Sprache zu erstellen. Einer knappen Ubersicht über die Kreolsprachen der Karibik folgt ein kurzer Überblick über die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Sprache einschließlich der Rechtschreibung auf Trinidad und Tobago. Drei Rechtschreib-modelle - ein phonemisches, ein historisch-etymologisches und ein modifiziertes englisches -werden erörtert. Es wird ein "Kontinuummodell" vorgeschlagen. RESUMO Ortografia normigo por Trinidado kaj Tobago: Lingvaj kaj socipolitikaj konsideroj en anglalingva kreola komunumo Kreskas la akcepteblo de kreolaj lingvoj en ciam pli da medioj kaj funkcioj. Sekve oni komencas ekzameni vojojn al normigo de iliaj ortografiaj konvencioj. La artikolo proponas normigitan ortografion por la indiĝena angla kreolo de la karibaj insuloj Trinidado kaj Tobago. La motivoj estas du: plenumi la bezonojn de la loka socio, kiu pli kaj pli ofte skribas kreole, kaj pretigi norman vortlibron de la lingvo. Mallongan trarigardon de karibaj indiĝenaj kreoloj sekvas resumo de la historia evoluo de la lingvaĵo de Trinidado kaj Tobago, inkluzive la skribajn konvenciojn. La aiitoro priskribas kaj pritaksas tri ortografiajn modelojn - foneman, historian-etimologian, kaj modifitan anglan - kaj apogas "kontinuan" modelon.

A SUPPLY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS OF REGULAR BLACK LABOUR IN NATAL

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to obtain reliable, consistent estimates of the supply and demand functions for regular Black agricultural labour in Natal. The joint determination of the wage rate and the number of workers necessitated the use of a simultaneous estimating procedure. The Two Stage Least Squares method was used. The results appeared consistent with a priori estimates. A demand elasticity close to unity was found while the supply curve appeared very elastic. Competition was shown to exist between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in the labour market. Since the demand curve was not inelastic, and the supply curve was very elastic, it is debatable' whether unskilled agricultural labourers would be able to increase their long-run real wages through trade union action. Sociopolitical considerations, although important, were not considered. Trends in the wage rate and employment were studied. It was also shown that the agricultural control measures do not assist the labourers through increased wages.

Theories of the state and the state of accounting: Economic reductionism and political voluntarism in accounting regulation theory

It has recently been suggested that the inability of the economics-finance literature to say anything definitive about the appropriate form of accounting regulation highlights the need to augment neoclassical economic analysis with sociopolitical considerations. It is argued in this paper that patching up the orthodox theory would be futile; that the flaws are so fundamental as to warrant abandoning neoclassical state theory and embarking on a serious debate about radical theoretical alternatives. Economic reductionism and political voluntarism are shown to be the main flaws in the neoclassical theory, and these deficiencies are primarily responsible for the present theoretical disarray. After a brief overview of radical theories of the state, this paper suggests that replacing—not refurbishing—neoclassical state theory is the most plausible strategy for accounting researchers.

PART VI. THERAPEUTIC AND SOCIOPOLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS: GENERAL DISCUSSION

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 398, Issue 1 p. 186-188 PART VI. THERAPEUTIC AND SOCIOPOLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS: GENERAL DISCUSSION First published: December 1982 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb39492.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume398, Issue1Opioids in Mental Illness: Theories, Clinical Observations, and Treatment PossibilitiesDecember 1982Pages 186-188 RelatedInformation

SIAM: Strategic Impact and Assumptions-Identification Method for project, program, and policy planning

This paper presents a method, called SIAM, for assessing the “social soundness” of projects, programs, and policies (with emphasis here on the first two). It is based on work by R.O. Mason, I.I. Mitroff, and J.R. Emshoff. SIAM was applied initially as one part of a computer-assisted framework for the socioeconomic assessment of highway infrastructure plans. It has since proven useful in a wide range of projects and programs. A development project at the planning stage is a future scenario. Its final form and impact will be conditioned not only by its structural and economic characteristics, but also by the characteristics of the environment in which it is embedded. It is vital therefore to assess not only a project's technical and economic viability, but also its strategic viability involving sociopolitical considerations. A project embodies certain expectations about the present and future behavior of a variety of interests. These assumptions are implicit in the technical design and projected impacts, including the estimated benefits. The success of the project hinges on the validity and stability of these assumptions. SIAM provides a procedure for the comprehensive identification of relevant stakeholders, stakeholder-project linkages, and for identifying the critical assumptions implicit in the technical design of the project and in its economic assessment.

Some prominent sociopolitical considerations pertaining to demographical conditions with special reference to South Africa

Abstract Man is not persistently rational. This principle manifests itself in conservatism which at times is highly irrational judged by pragmatic, secular standards. In certain instances this is mere cultural lag which, in the field of uncontrolled population growth, may have far-reaching and detrimental effects. Some hitherto unrecorded phenomena in this context are dealt with in this paper in relation to South Africa. Due to the contentious nature of the subject it is regarded as necessary to give a wider background, extending to world and regional trends and developments, especially to form an image of differences which still exist in this day and age in the highly actual field of population growth and policy.

Snow Avalanche Hazard Zoning in British Columbia, Canada

Abstract Many developed areas in British Columbia are exposed to snow-avalanche hazards. Avalanche-hazard zoning has been undertaken by the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Communications, and Highways during the past five years. Recommendations from these zoning studies are forwarded to those agencies responsible for land-use zoning and development approval. Existing and possible legislation are described, as well as problems associated with implementation of the legislation. Technical considerations are outlined; interpretation of vegetation is a very important factor in evaluating each avalanche site. Calculation of run-out distances and consideration of other factors serve as a check on the vegetation interpretation. A special safety factor has been developed. Socio-political considerations with respect to British Columbia are described. Existing developments have the most wide-ranging implications.

Community and sociopolitical considerations of breast-feeding.

Community and sociopolitical considerations of breast-feeding.

Evaluation of visual erotica by sexual liberals and conservatives

The existence of graphic depictions of sexual behavior, commonly referred to as obscenity or pornography, has long been considered to be an important social issue by many people in our society (Gagnon, 1967). However, the level of concern evidenced by these laymen was not reflected in social science research until quite recently. In 1967, the Presidential Commission on Obscenity and Pornography was established by then President Lyndon Johnson. In 1970, the Commission issued its final report (Commission, 1970), which contained, and has since stimulated, considerable empirical research on issues relating to visual erotica. The reception which has been given the Report by the official government its rejection by the U.S. Senate and by President Nixon-causes one to wonder whether the Commission was guilty of an act of omission or commission; if in fact it was guilty of anything at all. It is the thesis of this paper that a number of the same socio-political considerations which account for the differences between sexual liberals and conservatives in their evaluation of visual erotica, should, in large measure, account for the government's reactions. Morse Peckham (1969), in his book Art and Pornography: an experiment in explanation, presented a linguistic analysis of the various reactions to the existence of erotica in our society. He noted that the public appears to take one of two polar positions with respect to the issues of the existence of erotica and its availability. Those who regard the production and viewing of erotic materials as a legitimate means of expression were called Intellectuals, while those who viewed the same activities as a violation of important social mores were labeled Anti-Intellectuals. The author stated that the Intellectual is commonly seen as defending the existence of erotica, even though he personally may find it distasteful or contemptuous. This is because he finds that any:

A rationale for attacking information problems

AbstractThe “systems” approach to information system problems is suggested, wherein problems arising from information origination, processing, and utilization—and alternative solutions to the problems—can be viewed as an entirety rather than piecemeal. Information utilization problems involve sociopolitical considerations (e.g., “wants” vs. “needs” of users), economic values of information, and the more objective considerations of timeliness, quality, and format requirements placed upon information services or products. Quality is encompassed by the factors of specificity, completeness, and relevance. Information processing is shown to consist of seven distinct “unit processes,” which may be combined in only nine different ways, thus defining nine possible types of information systems. The “unit processes” employed interact strongly with each other and with user requirements. Information origination—specifically the increasing ratio of “dross” to “ore”—is stated to be the single major information problem for which rational means of attack are not apparent at present.