Sociology Research Articles

Тайна и социальное: от антропологии конфиденциальности к социологии секретности

Тайна и социальное: от антропологии конфиденциальности к социологии секретности

Curricular Internship and Sociology at the University of A Coruña: From Skills to Professional and Personal Experiences

Este trabajo presenta, en el marco del Grado en Sociología de la Universidade da Coruña (España), un sistema de evaluación basado en una triangulación metodológica que posibilita un análisis en profundidad de las diferentes dimensiones del Prácticum de la Titulación. En concreto, se han obtenido conclusiones sobre: (a) la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la adecuación entre el Prácticum, el Grado y la “actividad sociológica” de los centros de prácticas; (b) la evaluación del estudiantado de las competencias, los resultados de aprendizaje y la “vocación sociológica” de los centros; y (c) la estimación que el alumnado hace de aspectos del Prácticum relacionados con la experiencia personal. A partir de estas evidencias, se ilustran medidas de mejora de esta particular asignatura, que pueden ser de interés en el ámbito de la gestión académica de los Grados en Sociología

Идентичность в современных лингвистических исследованиях

Статья представляет собой обзор научных работ, посвящённых идентичности и её проявлению в языке и коммуникации. Традиционно данное понятие является объектом изучения философии, психологии, социологии и культурологии. В настоящее время оно заслуженно привлекает широкое внимание лингвистов, что неслучайно, так как язык представляет собой наиболее существенный признак идентичности. В работе рассматриваются различные типы идентичности, основное внимание уделяется лингвокультурной идентичности и её структурным компонентам, среди которых выделяются аксиологический, коммуникативный и эмоциональный. Прослеживается, как данные компоненты идентичности закрепляются в языке и проявляются в речи носителей русского и английского языков.

The Information Management into the Greek Health System

The present era has caused very important and speedychanges in the field of informatics technology, rendering theassistance of several electronic applications in the provisionof health services essentially valuable, in collaboration withother scientific fields (law, finance, psychology, sociology).This multidisciplinary approach contributed to the orientationtowards total quality management [1] with a view tooffering optimal healthcare with the lowest possible cost [2]. Moreover, it has played a part in the adoption of modernmanagement practices, strategic planning and open governance,which are mainly characterized by the values oftransparency, efficiency, equality and the ensuring of qualityservices which correspond to user expectations, who arebecoming the principal target of the health system [3] . Keywords: information management, electronic programs, interoperability,Greek health system

STATUS AS PERFORMANCE IN ROMAN SOCIETY

Roman social historians have tended to focus on the choice between the modern terms ‘status’ and ‘class’ to characterise the nature of the groups that made up Roman society. Both these concepts seek to describe antiquity in modern sociological terms rather than relying on the limited perspective of the original actors; each can be seen as problematic, so that in recent years historians have often assumed instead a simpler division between ‘elite’ and ‘non-elite’, and/or avoided the issue by focusing on the dynamics of social relations rather than the nature of social groups. This paper argues for the continuing usefulness of the Weberian idea of status, as a complement to the Marxian idea of class, but with a greater focus on the idea of performance, drawing on the sociology of Erving Goffman and Judith Butler. This emphasises the complexity of status; the way that its performance changes in different contexts, and depends both on the choices of the actor and the expectations of the audience, with judgements about the success of the performance always provisional and changing over time. It concludes with reflections on the ways in which status, understood as ideological power, could have functioned effectively within Roman society as a source of genuine authority.

Review: The Sociology of Food

Review: The Sociology of Food

Energy Poverty in EU countries and Ukraine

The article explains what they understand under the notion of «energy poverty» in EU countries. It is established that the appraisal of the energy poverty problem’s acuity is significantly complicated due to the lack of any standardized approach to the definition, great diversity in character, quantity, and power consumption peculiarities in various countries or just frequently mediated indicators available for estimation. Initial information for the appraisal of the level of the energy poverty can be usually obtained from sociological inquiries data. Detailed consideration is done with primary indices of the energy poverty in homesteads for the annual calculation of European energy poverty index with EU countries computed as the geometrical mean value of the sub-index of the energy poverty with European homesteads and the transport sub-index of the European energy poverty for homesteads from the first income-based quintile. Every two years Ukrainian Government Statistics Service conducts the procedure of self-appraisal of own incomes by homesteads in all regions of the country including data of material deprivation, so there are statistical information to compute the index of the similar energy poverty sub-index for European homesteads however in decile groups. An extraordinary high divergence of the index was detected between regions: from 4.8 per cent in Kyiv to 93.9 per cent in Carpathian Region. The dependency was detected between the percentages of homesteads having deficiency in money to maintain sufficiently warm temperature in their houses, and of people suffering from 4 or more of the 9 signs of deprivation that is having the very low quality of life. The article represents dynamics of the portion of the homesteads with insufficient funds to maintain a pretty warm temperature in their houses the whole heating period long subject to their financial situation. It was the most well-to-do people who declared the highest growth of the value. That was the witness of the fact that one cannot solve the problem of the energy poverty level reduction with homesteads just through the people’s incomes increase. Unfortunately, power consumption in the country is still irrational. The article substantiates that decentralization and the growth of power effectiveness are exclusively prospective directions for business advance especially for those who are now involved in network or regional business providing macro-economic effect through new jobs opening meaning additional budget takings. The urgent problem of Ukraine from the viewpoint of the social protection system’s improvement against the energy poverty is separation of purely power poverty fighting measures from the general maintenance system for low-income homesteads. Keywords energy poverty; homesteads; sociological inquiries; signs of deprivation; power effectiveness.

Eric Landowski. Short Semiotic Manifest in Honour and for Attention of Comrade Sociologist Pekka Sulkuneni. Transl. by Kęstutis Nastopka

Iš prancūzų k. vertė Kęstutis Nastopka. Versta iš: Landowski, Eric. Petit manifeste sémiotique en l’honneur et à l’attention du camarade sociologue Pekka Sulkunen. Actes Sémiotiques, 2017, Nr. 120 (http://epublications.unilim.fr/revues/as/5816)

Learning Communities for Teaching Practice School Placements: A Higher Education Initiative to Promote Equity for Students with Disabilities

In South Africa, scholarship on the teaching practice learning experiences for students with disabilities is a relatively new area of sociological inquiry. Social justice arrangements in the South African Higher Education policy frameworks identify the equity imperative as being of critical importance for social redress and transformation for all students. This qualitative study drew on the teaching practice school placement experiences of five Bachelor of Education students with either visual or physical disabilities and who were part of a teaching practice learning community. The findings of this study suggest that, for students with visual and physical disabilities, learning communities were perceived to be a structure that enhanced equity arrangements for human development and well‑being in teaching practice school placements. In addition, and in alignment with equity arrangements, the need for a social justice reform agenda for teaching practice school placements emerged from the data. The study concludes that learning communities as a context-specific institutional structure support freedom, agency, dialogue and participation, and respect for disability required for capability expansion for human development and well‑being in the teaching practice school placements of students with visual and physical disabilities. These were found to enhance equity arrangements for students with visual disabilities and physical disabilities.

Vivere e sopravvivere nella community videoludica di Twitch Italia = Living and Surviving in gaming community of Twitch Italia

Living and Surviving in gaming community of Twitch Italia. In this contribution we present the results of an empirical study on the interactive entertainment in the gaming community of Twitch Italia. The research conducted so far on the co-evolution of the Twitch platform and community has focused on the quantitative flow of the audience; on gaming entertainment and e-sport; and on the communicative style. In the Italian context there is still a lack of systematic studies on the organization of virtual relations from a sociological point of view. We have observed Twitch Italia community in the perspective of Douglas' grid-group model and Bourdieu's field analysis, using digital ethnography's method and semi-structured interviews with streamers and audience. We describe here three processes: digital socialization, from the acquisition of digital skills to the internalization of community's values and norms; collective organization of interactive entertainment; the impact of monetization on the communicative pact with the followers. The analysis conducted allows to identify some motives of tension within the community and the strategies adopted in the process professionalization by young streamers in the transition to adulthood.

The Founding Generation of Japanese Scholars in the Czech Lands (1918–1968):

The paper aims to understand the process of constituting and consolidating Japanese Studies in the Czech lands, i.e., the Western parts of Czechoslovakia consisting of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, in the period between 1918 and 1968. It was this historical period that overlapped with the life and professional activity of the founding generation of local Japanese Studies (Gerolf Coudenhove-Kalergi, Otto Wierer, Jaroslav Průsek, Vlasta Hilska). What were the foundations from which this discipline emerged in the Czech lands and how did social transformations affect its development? To what extent was it influenced by the survival, adaptation, and negotiation strategies of the members of the founding generation of this discipline? The analysis of the behavior of social agents (the microlevel) within the context of paradigmatic and ideological changes in the social structure (the macro-level) using the sociological methodology of Pierre Bourdieu enriched by the generational theory of Karl Mannheim makes it possible to particularize the Sonderweg of Japanese Studies in the Czech lands in comparison with academic institutions further to the west and in the USA, and thus to enrich the social science discourse of East Asia within Western civilization.

La discusión sobre la teoría contable: reflexiones sobre la disciplina contable en el campo económico y sobre la economía en lo social

Las más recientes investigaciones, hechas sobre el alcance de la Contabilidad, están orientadas a darle una mayor amplitud, que busca proyectarla a incumbencias propias de la Economía y de la Sociología.
 Este trabajo trata de comprobar la viabilidad de ese intento, especialmente en cuanto a la relación que se le quiere atribuir como instrumento para inspirar decisiones de inversión futura y correcciones de prácticas empresariales reprobables en lo social y ambiental.
 Como el fin incremental de esas propuestas afecta la estructura del sistema en que se respalda la Contabilidad, este escrito procura cotejar los fundamentos de la disciplina con el objeto de una teoría contable que sería comprensiva de esos nuevos paradigmas, para argumentar sobre las perspectivas que encuentra para su aceptación o rechazo.
 Está, en cambio, prácticamente demostrada la incursión posible de la disciplina en el campo macroeconómico, confirmada desde la consolidación de estados contables que explican lo microeconómico, cuando propone ser auxiliar de la Economía, para informar sobre la evolución anual pasada.

Reflexión Weberiana del Maestro Darío Mesa Chica Sobre Administración Pública.

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Investigando las influencias internacionales en las ciencias sociales argentinas

Este artículo lleva a cabo un análisis empírico del estilo de investigación en las ciencias sociales en Argentina basado en las publicaciones más citadas de la/os investigadora/es del Conicet de las áreas de ciencia política y sociología. A partir de un corpus de 760 artículos, se testean estadísticamente una serie de hipótesis sobre el vínculo entre formación doctoral, estilo de investigación y la adopción de metodologías. El trabajo efectúa aportes en relación al debate sobre la hegemonía en los estilos de investigación en el sur global. Encontramos que predomina la metodología cualitativa, pero con un impacto notable de la formación en EE.UU. sobre el uso del análisis cuantitativo y los estudios comparados. Mostramos asimismo hallazgos novedosos en el vínculo entre elección metodológica y reconocimiento intersubjetivo.

Sociological Approach to Human Rights Research

The article deals with the concept of ‘human rights’ in terms of sociology of law. The emphasis is laid on updating and expanding the interpretation of human rights in the context of the sociological approach. It is noted that the term ‘human rights’ is rather complex, it conveys different meanings, it can be interpreted both as a philosophical one and as a political one, and as a legal one, and as a sociological one. From the standpoint of sociological science, the understanding of the term ‘human rights’ covers several aspects that extend its meaning. Firstly, the main purpose of human rights is to safeguard the dignity of individuals, the conditions for the realization of their rights. Secondly, human rights, along with other sociological terms and categories, are integrated into sociological science, since they are directly and inextricably linked with different aspects of a society's life. It is concluded that human rights in their sociological interpretation are the phenomenon of reality which is integrated into society and has its pronounced social nature, internal and external subject relations and interdependence of various aspects; they belong to everyone without exception, and their provision serves as a pledge of socially active behavior. Such a synthesis of numerous aspects of the concept of ‘human rights’ from the standpoint of sociological science makes it possible to propose a construct of human rights, according to which they are an object of sociological study of reality, its integral part.

Płynność – od Heraklita do Baumana

The text concerns liquidity understood as an extremely extensive category containing the aspect of changeability and blurring boundaries. It covers an extremely wide spectrum of phenomena. Liquidity is a physical category that refers to the element of water and the senses of touch and taste. It became extremely popular in sociology as an epistemological category thanks to Zygmunt Bauman. This category should be applied much more widely in analyzing phenomena in the field of literature, art, theater, performance, but also going beyond practical analytical use and transferring this concept to the level of theory. The term „liquid” refers to many associations, which in turn allow us to recall different orders and perspectives, at the same time incorporating the current argument into a broader discourse on the moving, fluid nature of the concepts of „wandering” between disciplines. These considerations are also part of the author’s concept of amorphous aesthetic categories, which include liquidity.

Irlandzkość i busking – artystyczne habitusy Glena Hansarda

The article analyses how crucial the Irish origin and long-term busking experience were in shaping the artistic habitus of Glen Hansard. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s terminology and Benedict Anderson’s characteristic of “imagined communities”, the author presents the variety of ways in which Hansard’s “habitus of the Irish busker” reveals itself. Seen from the perspective of the sociology of art, the artist’s statements, lyrics, music videos, projects and social initiatives reflect the point of view of a niche artist, strongly dissociating himself from the “entertainment” sector. They also show how grounded Hansard’s position in the artistic field was before his unexpected 2007 Oscar win for Best Original Song.

Problematising policy: the development of (critical) policy sociology

ABSTRACT This paper revisits and reassesses the influence of the context of production on the origin, development and use of the term ‘policy sociology’ in research in the sociology of education in the UK from the 1980s to the contemporary period. Starting with the first use of the term ‘policy sociology,’ and its definition as ‘rooted in social science tradition, historically informed and drawing on qualitative and illuminative techniques’, the paper considers the established knowledge production traditions in education policy studies that policy sociology was responding to in the 1970s and 1980s in the UK. It foregrounds the implication of a critical stance towards policy contained in that usage, as well as considering what was and is meant by the term critical in the now dominant usage (critical policy sociology), before considering how policy was and is defined, and the specific and particular contribution that sociological enquiry can make to the study of education policy.

Códigos de barras en mente y bien “arregladas”. La corporeización del neotaylorismo en las cajeras.

Existen muy pocos estudios empíricos sobre el proceso de formación y/o transformación de disposiciones desde el marco analítico de Bourdieu o el cercano de Lahire. El artículo contribuye a paliar este problema con un estudio sobre el proceso de corporeización de la organización del trabajo de las nuevas cajeras de un hipermercado. La cuestión se aborda desde la doble dimensión de análisis de Bourdieu del cuidado corporal y la incorporación de disposiciones. Los datos provienen de una etnografía con observación participante que siguió de cerca la propuesta de “sociología carnal” de Wacquant. El artículo muestra que en el proceso de aprendizaje de las cajeras, que exige su esfuerzo, tienen lugar dos procesos. Primero, una adaptación de disposiciones genéricas que se tenían a las nuevas situaciones del hipermercado. Segundo, una incorporación de nuevas disposiciones específicas gestuales y motrices y la memorización de procedimientos, protocolos y códigos de barras.

Політико-психологічні маніпуляції у передвиборчій кампанії президента України 2019 року

Стаття присвячена темі, що завжди актуальна для демократичних сус­пільств, — маніпуляцій у передвиборчих кампаніях. Оскільки медіаграмотність як освітня дисципліна не впроваджена в широкий загал в українському суспільстві — це призводить до того, що громадськістю маніпулюють, спотворюючи реальність. Саме використання різних технік, «брудних» технологій, тактик та стратегій маніпуляцій утруднює існування демократії.На основі медіадослідження (використання електронних джерел, соціальних мереж та відеохостингів) автор аналізує те, які маніпуляційні стратегії (за типологією Н. Хомського) були використані кандидатами у передвиборчій кампанії Президента України 2019 року, а також вплив технік і технологій, що були використані в рамках маніпулятивних стратегій.Було досліджено здійснення вербального і невербального впливу на електорат: лінгвістично, психологічно, нейролінгвістично; були проаналізовані міміка, жести кандидатів; зауважено як посил до емоційно-підсвідомої складової суспільства може стати вирішальним у передвиборчій гонці, яким чином «відволікання від важливого» може сприяти кандидату сформувати свій імідж. Також розглянуто архетипи, які використовувалися в передвиборчій кампанії, їх суть і значення для суспільства, «навішування ярликів»; поступовість рішень, що зробили кандидата популярним серед громадськості; тренди, котрі були створені іміджмейкерами кандидатів задля підвищення рейтингу та підтримки. З’ясовано як можна використати «провину» на свою користь; відстежено маніпуляції соціологічними дослідженнями; розмову з народом, як з дитиною і гру в «простонародність». Автором досліджено як гіперболізація фактів без порівняння може викликати серйозне обурення суспільства та зруйнувати імідж опонента. Був проведений ґрунтовний аналіз впливу на маси, який застосовувався за допомогою маніпулятивних технологій і стратегій.Об’єктом дослідження було обрано передвиборчі кампанії трьох кандидатів: В. Зе­ленського, П. Порошенка, Ю. Тимошенко.