Sociological Perspective Research Articles

Women and Power in Early Islamic History: Jawari of the Abbasid Court (786-861 AD)

<em>The significant presence of jawari owned by the caliphs of Islam became a phenomenon during the early period (170 AH/ 786 AD-247 AH/861 AD) of Abbasid rule. This article aims to examine why the early Abbasid rulers (786-861 AD) "kept" many jawari in their palaces and whether they had relations with all of them. Through a historical and sociological approach, the findings of this study indicate that the large number of jawari owned by the Abbasid caliphs during the early period was closely related to the advancements (economic, social, and political) achieved by the Abbasids at that time; the acceptance of slavery in Islam, territorial expansion (futuhat), the growth of economic trade sectors, the flourishing of entertainment in society, and the influence of Ctesiphon. Furthermore, the ownership of a large number of jawari did not necessarily indicate strong sexual desires of the caliphs; rather, it primarily served as a symbol of power, as evidenced by the fact that only individuals with significant authority typically possessed numerous jawari. This was also supported by a strong tradition of rewarding enslaved individuals as gifts, and the fact that not all Jariyah were intimate with their masters.</em>

A Systemic Approach to the Determinants of Employability

This paper identifies the economic, sociological, psychological, and managerial approaches to analyzing the determinants of employability, and their limitations, and then proposes an interdisciplinary approach and systemic framework. Through a theoretical analysis, we find that these determinants interact with the internal and external environment of the individual who is integrated within society; has upgradable human and social capital; has a psychological make-up; and lives in a constantly changing socioeconomic context. The complexity of societies, companies, and a globalized economic system induces the use of interdisciplinarity by considering instability, openness, creativity, ambiguity, and paradox. The operationalization of the systems approach is to analyze the internal factors of each subsystem, the interactions between subsystems, and the relationships between subsystems and their environments. Future investigations should seek to identify the empirical determinants of employability through a systemic approach.

Pelaksanaan Hak Ex Officio Hakim Atas Nafkah Iddah, Mut’ah, Hadlonah dan Madhiyah dalam Perkara Cerai Gugat Ditinjau dari Perma Nomor 3 Tahun 2017

The ex officio right is the right possessed by the judge to decide more or other than what is submitted in the lawsuit, with the ex officio right, the judge can concretely impose decisions that prevent women from becoming victims of post-divorce economic violence while still being guided by the limitations set out in the applicable laws and regulations. economic rights of women after divorce such as iddah maintenance, mut'ah maintenance, hadlonah maintenance and madhiyah maintenance. This research uses empirical research with a legal sociology approach. The data sources obtained are secondary data sources and primary data sources. While the acquisition of data obtained from the contents of the decision, the results of interviews with Religious Court Judges who decided the case, as well as other supporting literature. And the research stage is carried out by conducting interviews with sources, compiling data from the results of interviews, and making research reports. The results of this discussion can be concluded as follows: The application of the ex officio rights of the panel of judges in case number 2675/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Kab.Kdr is in accordance with PERMA No. 3 of 2017. Although the Plaintiff has filed for the fulfillment of the rights of iddah, mut'ah, hadlanah, and madhiyah maintenance, but in the trial there were differences in the facts submitted by the Plaintiff and the Defendant so that in order to resolve the debate, the panel of judges used their ex officio rights to provide legal certainty and justice for the Parties

The Philosophical and Sociological exposition of Suicide in Lesotho

One of the philosophical problem is the phenomenon of suicide. In the Kingdom of Lesotho as many nations the nature of suicide can be understood from the philosophical and sociological lenses. Among the countries in the world with the highest suicide rate is Lesotho. How come? This research article delves into the complex relationship between individual agency and social factors in context of the existence of suicide in Lesotho, drawing upon philosophical and sociological approaches. The main philosophical and sociological positions of suicide in this paper are presented. A qualitative method has been applied in this paper, secondary data has been subscribed from electronic database from various reliable sources such as World Health Organization (WHO) reports, government and private documents related to suicide and mental affairs reports. A comparative analysis of philosophical and sociological perspectives, the article seeks to deepen our understanding of the factors contributing to suicidal behaviours and their implications for prevention and intervention strategies. This paper also discusses the richness of Durkheim’s insight on suicide and four etiological types of suicide. This paper concludes by putting forward that young people in Lesotho who have serious mental illnesses at an early age have a higher risk of suicide.

Imaginary and Symbolic Forms of Water between Spirit and Culture

Water is a theme connected to human and social development, not only biologically but also in terms of cultural and identity processes; surprisingly, studies that discuss water from a sociocultural/sociological perspective are scarce. The foundational role of water in the construction of social reality should be highlighted: as a matter of fact, thanks to it identity processes develop, and the realisation of the relationship between human beings and the environment, and between culture and nature, occurs. The relationship with water as a primordial substance tied to the roots of existence pertains to the physiological as well as the historical development of societies. Historically, societies see the presence of water in their territories as an indispensable element for establishing the foundations of civilisations, and a central criterion for setting the bases of development. With regards to the management of territorial resources, it should be noted that, although water is a primary resource, it is not available everywhere. Humans had to struggle to secure reliable water sources, using techniques derived from millenary knowledge systems, which enabled individuals and communities to live and survive in times of abundance and scarcity, tumultuousness and poor health. Past narratives and ethnographies related to traditional communities link symbols to history, productive forms, and material constraints due to the physical factors of the environment. Water is a foundational element of the cosmogonic and theogonic myths that governed the evolution of ancient genealogies and epistemologies. For its intrinsic virtues, water is considered a living and beneficial force: it is hard to find another substance that can at the same time wash away guilt, eliminate impurities, refresh and reinvigorate weary souls, and promise renewal and existential rebirth. Starting from these premises, the essay deals with the theme of water, a humble substance with complex implications, considering the foundations of culture, and analyzing the natural element from a sociological perspective with reference to myths of origins, naturalistic philosophical conceptions, and imaginary, up to and including aspects related to religiosity, to get to the roots of identity.

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Performance of Undergraduate Healthcare Students During Their Internship in Saudi Arabia.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) isaninfectious disease that has rapidly spread on a global scale. The entire world has fought tirelessly to combat this disease, which has had a significant impact on humanity. This study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of undergraduate healthcare students during internship, focusing on the leadership, social, and mental aspects. A cross-sectional national survey was conducted among Saudi Arabia's undergraduate health care students. From August to December of 2021, non-probability convenient sampling was employed in the study. Online-questionnaire was used to administer the three survey dimensions-mental health, social life, and leadership-as well as the demographic profiles. Correlation coefficients were utilized to establish a meaningful connection between the independent variables and the study's domains.Moreover, the Kruskal-Wallis tests wereemployedtoefficientlycompare the mediansamong theindependent groups. Two hundred and forty-one undergraduate healthcare students from a variety of backgrounds participated in this study. Mental health issues such as difficulty relaxing and increased irritability were prominent. From a sociological perspective, the majority of participants expressed a strong desire for more social interaction. Lastly, most participants in the leadership domain revealed satisfaction with their professional relationships. However, 50.7% of respondents expressed dissatisfaction with their incentives. The study concludes that addressing problems in the mental, social, and leadership domains is crucial to enhancing the resilience and overall well-being of undergraduate healthcare students during their internships. Anxiety and stress emerged as the most prevalent factors affecting these students. However, the presence of a positive relationship with their supervisors, as well as the support provided by healthcare organizations, played a vital role in helping them overcome these challenges.

"Isn't that what you want, to be accepted?": Critical analysis of LGBTI+ characters on television series in the United States

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of LGTBIQ+ characters and storylines appearing in serialized fiction in the United States. This has gained importance due to the effects of media discourses on social imaginaries with regard to the sexual diversity of a community that suffers a high degree of social, political and labor discrimination. The objective is to critically analyze which are the general trends in recent years. Hence, this research is based on a critical discourse analysis of fictional series from the last decade, from two levels: first, the macro-level, in which the discourse around which the storylines are based is analyzed; and a second micro-level, which addresses the issues of lexicalization, focus and conceptual polarization. The results suggest the existence of a dual pattern in these characters, whereby they are based within the construction of a homonormative narrative and/or otherwise placed in marginal or socially excluded settings. Moreover, many traditionally common stereotypes are maintained, and sexual identity and orientation continue to feature prominently among the main story arcs of these characters. It is thus concluded that quantitative growth is insufficient if it is not accompanied by greater normalization.

Pelaksanaan Zakat Pemilik Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Desa Srimulyo Kecamatan Tungkal Jaya Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

This skripsi is motivated by the implementation of zakat for oil palm plantation owners in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, whose practice is not in accordance with Islamic regulations. The aim of this research is: To find out the implementation of zakat on oil palm plantations in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, to find out the understanding of the community in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province regarding zakat on oil palm plantations, to find out obstacles in implementing zakat on oil palm plantations in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. This type of research is field research that uses qualitative descriptive methods. This research was carried out in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, with a normative and sociological approach, using primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, then drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the implementation of zakat for oil palm plantation owners in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province has quite large zakat potential. However, this was not implemented because there were various obstacles in its implementation, such as: oil palm plantation owners did not pay zakat because they lacked socialization about palm oil zakat, there was a lack of zakat amil institutions in socializing about zakat on oil palm plantations, some of them paid zakat as sincerely as they could. , not regularly paying zakat, assets that should be paid once a year. In fact, the amount of zakat they pay from oil palm plantations should be 2.5%, once a year, of total income. Oil palm plantation owners who are reluctant to pay zakat due to a lack of trust in zakat amil institutions, there are also those who have no intention of paying zakat at all.

The Nature of Culture: Rites of Interaction Between Ukrainian Refugees and Latvian Society (2022)

The article deals with the challenge in migration studies to find a solution to the problem of how to analyse the rapidly emerging and increasing immigration of Ukraine war refugees, which started in 2022 in Latvia as well as in other European Union countries. This topic is important in migration studies to provide national and municipal decision-makers with a scientific perspective and rationale for informed decisions. In Latvia, the humanities, including philosophy, have not yet been used to understand migration processes, although they do supply a wider context, which is necessary to understand the culture, attitudes, values, and peculiarities of an immigration group. The task of integrating and including the immigrant group presupposes knowledge and recognition of its uniqueness, which is best researched with the methods of the humanities, and significantly complements the approaches of economics, sociology and human geography. Thus, the research presented in this article uses a wide range of social science research findings, ritual phenomenology, topological hermeneutics, and solutions from micro-group sociology as data sources to complement the understanding of migration as an object with a perspective that also includes human experience and the intersubjective space in which people meet to create community. The objective of the study is to explore the research hypothesis, based on previous studies and daily observations, that a new social reality is emerging that can be called the newly emerged community of Ukraine in Latvia. This means that communication and reciprocity between most of Latvian society and refugees from the Ukrainian war has been, and is being, established. The article analyses to what extent Latvian society was ready for the reception and inclusion of refugees from the Ukrainian war; how the inclusion of the concept of place can help to address the issue of the formation of new communities; how rituals reveal a new step towards the creation of communion on both sides of the newly formed community; and how rituals and interactivity interact in rituals involving micro-groups and micro-group forming rituals. Thus, factors affecting the genesis of the Ukraine in Latvia community were discovered in the analysis of the interactive rituals that confirm the existence of a social reality aimed at integration and inclusion. Thus, the study reveals the perspectives on the use of resources rooted in culture at the national and municipal levels.

An Early Anticipation of Market Socialism? Liberalism, Heresy, and Knowledge in John Stuart Mill's Political Economy of Socialism

John Stuart Mill is considered one of the most important representatives of the classical school of political economy. His intellectual development exhibited a gradual transition toward more socialistic views. This transition was partly the result of his interaction with French utopian socialists, which led Mill to theoretically construct an economic system lying between what is now called market capitalism and revolutionary socialism. For Mill, socialism would be a new organic period after the transitory and critical period of the “stationary state.” This paper delineates the core tenets of Mill's stationary state and presents it as an early anticipation of what from the 1920s on is called “market socialism.” Mill's optimistic vision of the stationary state was based on the spread of associations, the socialization of knowledge among all people, competition, and the importance of individuality. These elements are connected with Mill's idiosyncratic, liberal and utilitarianist vision of (market) socialism which prepares the ground for his socialist utopia based on the ideal “from each according to his capacities; to each according to his needs.”

IN THE WAVES OF THE COMMUNICATION FLOOD WITHOUT THE “OLD TESTAMENT ARK” OF CULTURE

The collection of essays “Sharing Opinions” published in 1997 by Miroljub Radojković, professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences from Belgrade, also contains an essay from 1981 titled “The Communication Flood and the ‘Old Testament Ark’ of Culture”. The author of the essay offers a critical analysis of the changes brought about by the era’s new communications technologies and how they impact both society and an individual. Forty-three years later, the overview of how communication technology would grow in the future is especially impressive when viewed from today’s perspective. In the early 1980s, the technical concepts and predictions that the author wrote about - such as working from home, remote learning, and the smart watch - seemed like science fiction. The “look into the future” section of the aforementioned essay, in which communication technologies play a significant role in shaping culture and social connections, is, however, its most significant component. Radojković uses the “power of sociological imagination” to offer partially positive, but mostly negative responses to questions about the future of morality in that new society, as well as the place of art or religion.The author of this paper wants to examine the futuristic theses that were developed more than 40 years ago by looking at them through the lens of contemporary communication technology and its effects on society. The main research inquiry is derived from Miroljub Radojković’s thesis regarding the communication flood (or “floods of generality”) that will endanger the fundamental cultural values based on interpersonal interaction, human engagement with nature, and the symbolic environment, and it is as follows - why, in spite of the warnings, did man encounter the communication flood without the “Old Testament ark” of culture?

Representations of the everyday life in Nairobi city in Kenyan film

ABSTRACT Representations of urban spaces and most importantly, of city culture, is often manifested in and visibilized through popular cultural productions. City culture is embodied in popular artforms such as film, photography, dance, music, and fashion among others, which present the city as an imagined space for performance and display. Whereas the city is integral in understanding manifestations of social change, film plays a role in foregrounding and reflecting its social transformations overtime. Anchored on the multi-disciplinary triad of the cultural production of place, space and meaning, this article explores representations of everyday life in Nairobi city as mediated through three films: Ndoto za Elibidi (2010), Nairobi Half-life (2012) and Rafiki (2018). The article argues that the production and consumption of urban cinematic geographies is, in different ways, tied to everyday experiences in the city. The article further shows how space in film is used as a narrative devise to depict emerging queer social imaginaries in the city spaces in Nairobi. Thus, the article contributes to emerging trends on how urban practices influence popular consciousness and adds to the growing lore of urban scholarship in Kenya.

Translating ‘Understanding’/ understanding translation: A reflexive approach

This article has its starting point in an apparently marginal undertaking: Bridget Fowler’s translation of Pierre Bourdieu’s ‘Comprendre’, a methodologically oriented chapter which appeared at the end of the collectively authored book La Misère du monde. Its objective is to show how translation, beyond its apparent marginality, is in fact a key component of sociological practice, and inseparable from sociological interpretation and theorizing. Because of this, translation can provide an original and unexpected point of view that sheds light on little considered sociological matters and relations which usually escape from critical consideration. First, Fowler’s translation is discussed in the context of her critical engagement with Bourdieu’s sociology. Second, sociological approaches to the mostly neglected craft of academic translation are examined. Third, the project of a reflexive sociology is related to that of reflexive translation through what can be characterized as a translational sociology.

A discussion on coloniality and global social theory

AbstractThe conversation between Ali Meghji and Manuela Boatcă focuses on how modernity/coloniality may (or may not) be a productive sociological concept in the remit of global social theory and wider political movements. Speaking from within different locations in the imperial core (England and Germany respectively), we discuss how the concept of modernity/coloniality has traveled over to our respective European contexts, and the ways it has informed our sociological approaches to matters such as inter‐imperiality, creolization, decolonization, global racisms and anti‐racisms, and historical sociology. The conversational approach is meant to tease out the multiple ways that modernity/coloniality can inform different—albeit related—aspects of sociological work, and also the varying contexts from which global social theory can be produced.

REPRESENTASI NILAI MORAL PADA FILM “AGAK LAEN” KARYA BENEDION RAJAGUKGUK (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)

This research aims to study and find representations of moral values ​​contained in the film "Agak Laen" by Benedion Rajagukguk. The subject of this research is the film "Agak Laen" which is analyzed using a literary sociology approach. This research was conducted to describe and analyze the moral values ​​depicted and implicitly contained in the film. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, combining primary data obtained from the film "Agak Laen". Meanwhile, the secondary data used in this research was obtained from literature studies that have credibility. The data analysis technique that has been collected is carried out systematically using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this research show that the film "Agak Laen" shows important moral values ​​to be imitated, while also offering entertainment in the form of fresh comedy that is in harmony with everyday life. The film also shows that moral values ​​are important, such as emphasizing the importance of honesty and support from loved ones in facing life's challenges.

Analisis Sosiologi Sastra Cerpen Penthouse 2601 Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Implikasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

Short stories are part of a literary genre that describes the environment. One of the important things in short stories is how the author's events and thoughts can be expressed well so that they can be understood and enjoyed well by readers. To find information contained in short stories in more depth, research can be done in the form of analysis. The aim of this research is to examine the content of the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" by Djenar Maesa Ayu using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, literary works are considered as a reflection of society's life which cannot be separated from consideration of fictional elements and social aspects of society's life. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. By using listening and taking notes as a data collection technique. The results of this research show that in the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" there are social aspects and cultural aspects. This research can have implications for Indonesian language learning, especially at the Senior High School (SMA) level

Principles of an economic sociology of innovation

AbstractAlthough innovation is a core element of capitalist dynamics, it turns out that, to date, there is no coherent Economic Sociology of innovation, leaving the discipline oblivious to explaining fundamental economic dynamics. Nor has the enormous importance of novelty and innovation in current societal transitions evoked a corresponding research program in Economic Sociology, meaning that Economic Sociology struggles to grasp contemporary societal change. The article reviews the rather disparate diversity of approaches that could speak to a remedy, stepwise assembling and integrating them to establish the principles of an Economic Sociology approach to innovation. First, resonating with ‘embeddedness’ as the core paradigm of Economic Sociology, it spells out the embeddedness of innovation processes in social institutions. Next, it reviews innovation in relation to the diversity of normative, cultural‐cognitive, regulative, and relational institutions, carving out the relevance of the combination of institutions in ‘fields.’ It then determines ‘valuation’ as the overarching mechanism of how institutional frameworks interact with innovation processes. Eventually, discussing ‘institutional work’ as a major property of institutional frameworks, it raises awareness for the mechanisms of the ‘co‐evolution’ of institutions and innovations.

Suicide from a sociological perspective

يعرف الانتحار بأنه ذلك السلوك الذي يلجأ اليه الفرد للاعتداء على ذاته ، تحت تأثير صدمات عنيفة تجعله في حالة نفسية واجتماعية مضطربة إلى الحد الذي تجعله يستعمل وسائل وادوات خطيرة تفضي به الى الموت الفعلي. وتنبع أهمية هذا البحث لما لهذه الجريمة من آثار في حياة الفرد والمجتمع على حد سواء عن طريق تهديد كيانه وكيان المجتمع بأسره . ويهدف هذا البحث الى التعرف على ماهية جريمة الانتحار، وابراز اهم النظريات الاجتماعية التي تناولت هذه الجريمة ، فضلاً عن التعرف على اسباب الانتحار، والوسائل والأدوات المستعملة فيه. واستعمل المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في هذا البحث، وتوصل الى مجموعة من النتائج اهمها: 1- إن الانتحار ليس فعلاً فردياً فحسب ، بل هو فعل اجتماعي طبقاً للتفسيرات المختلفة للانتحار. ٢ - ان هذه الجريمة هي ظاهرة اجتماعية تعاني منها كل شعوب العالم وبنسب متفاوتة. 3- ان هذه الجريمة تحدث نتيجة تظافر ظروف ومشكلات صحية، سواء اكانت نفسية او اجتماعية او جسمانية او اقتصادية.

Koeksistensi Saeyyang Pattuqduq dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Polewali Mandar

Traditional knowledge is a culture or intellectual property that is communal and passed down from generation to generation. One of the districts in West Sulawesi is Polewali Mandar Regency which has a cultural culture that contains a philosophy that has been passed down from their ancestors, namely Saeyyang Pattuqduq. The Saeyyang Pattuqduq tradition is a tradition of thanksgiving for children who have successfully memorized the Qur'an. This type of research is library research using several historical, anthropological and sociological approaches. The data collection methods used in this research are: observation, interview and documentation. The results of this study reveal that First, the form of cultural acculturation with Islamic religious teachings, namely Saeyyang Pattuqduq, stems from behavior. Second,. Third, it has value and attraction for all circles both within the domestic and foreign scope, the performance which is held annually is used as a form of Festival implementation.

Establishing Lar Land Rights on Critical Land Within Forest Areas as a Strategy For Sustainable Forest Management

Critical land within forest areas in Indonesia is expanding. This has an impact on natural disasters and climate change. This condition is a serious concern of the international world so that almost every international meeting on critical land issues and climate change is the main topic discussed by offering a variety of critical land management schemes but is considered ineffective. Behind the legal policy of handling critical land that is considered ineffective, there is long-standing traditional knowledge carried out by the people of Sumbawa, namely lar, which maintains a balance between ecology, social, economic and spiritual. The purpose of this research is to analyze the determination of Lar’s land rights on critical land in forest areas as a strategy for sustainable forest management. This research method is normative research with a conceptual approach, legislative approach and sociological approach. The results of this study, first, the concept of lar has three forms of land rights status, namely customary rights, rights, state-owned land and privately owned land so that state-owned land in the form of forest areas whose conditions are critical can be assigned lar land rights. Second, the concept of handling critical land in the area must be based on a balance between ecology, economy, social and spiritual. Third, the establishment of lar land rights in the forest area does not have to change the main function of the forest area. The conclusion of this research is that the establishment of lar land rights on critical land in forest areas can be carried out based on the balance between ecology, economy, social and spiritual without changing the function of the forest