Object Of Sociology Research Articles

Sociologia histórica e interpretação do racismo no Brasil

This article examines the contributions of so-called historical or processual sociology to the analysis of racism in Brazil, based on four central concepts: revolution, reproduction, formation and event. The central argument is that the processual analysis of events, in the different approaches selected, offers some alternatives for tackling the main obstacle faced in the field of the sociology of racism: jointly explaining the formation of racial inequalities and their social production in the interaction and sociability between agents. It is suggested that the specific objective of historical sociology in this field of research is the racialization of the social experience of time, that is, the constitution of racialized temporalities.

Reaction value: affective reflex in the digital public sphere

ABSTRACT The concept of ‘reaction’ has been frequently viewed pejoratively in the history of social and moral theory, as unthinking and often resentful. But ‘reactions’ of various kinds play a central role in the contemporary digital public sphere, of a sort that deserve attention from sociologists of value and valuation. The article identifies three forms of reaction: as ‘feedback’, as ‘content’ and as ‘chains’. It then argues that reactions exert their force within the contemporary public sphere, because they encompass some central ambiguities of the present. Firstly, as reactive beings, people hover in a space between the ‘human’ and the ‘non-human’ (or ‘post-human’), responding to stimuli but in a culturally illuminating fashion. Secondly, reactions sit in a space between judgement and artefact, combining elements of both, and thereby revealing a key ambiguity of platform infrastructure, in which audiences, critics and performers are all constantly morphing into one another. The paper concludes by reflecting on what it might mean to take reaction seriously as an object of sociology.

Sociology of the body as an independent research direction: prerequisites for formation and subject field

In the contemporary society, under globalization, digitalization, urbanization and networkization, the body acquires new meanings, is included in new discourses and becomes a significant object of sociology. The article considers the possibility of sociology of the body as an independent scientific direction similar to such directions as sociology of medicine, sociology of sexuality, feminist sociology, sociology of sports, sociology of food and nutrition, sociology of aging, etc. The problem of the body has a long tradition of scientific research, and the author identifies the prerequisites for sociology of the body in various areas of social knowledge: philosophy, anthropology, psychology, and general sociology. The author describes four basic research fields in sociology of the body: body as an object of social control; issues of sex and gender; body as an object of consumption; body and technology - development of biotechnology and selftracking technologies. These thematic blocks of sociology of the body are not isolated from such related fields as sociology of medicine, sociology of sexuality, feminist sociology, etc. All directions in the sociological study of the body are interrelated; however, each of them, including sociology of the body, has its own research field. Thus, sociology of the body studies the body in all its diverse social manifestations; the body as an element of social structure and social action; mutual influence of the body and contemporary transformations, such as urbanization, globalization, digitalization, networkization, etc.; emerging social movements focusing on the construction of identity and of the individual corporal project. The body becomes a project that can/should be improved and promoted. The “formed” body reflects such life attitudes of the individual as a sense of style and taste, attitudes to health, self-control, etc. Thus, through the body, the individual creates one’s social representation and identity: the image of “I”.

People’s Multiparty Democracy, the 2015 Constitution, and the Impending Agenda of Land Reform

The politics of any country has its sociological foundations. In Nepal, the social aspects of PMPD are equally significant, given that Nepali politics, since the restoration of democracy, has revolved around Bhandari’s political philosophy. This article critically examines its influence on the 2015 Constitution of Nepal, which established Nepal as a socialism-oriented federal democratic republic. Furthermore, the article argues that political parties, especially the CPN (UML), have not fully recognized the implications of this political shift in their strategies for social transformation, particularly concerning the agenda of land reform. Moreover, despite the CPN (UML) having led the government multiple times after the restoration of democracy, Nepal has made limited progress in realizing the social agendas postulated in PMPD. The article emphasizes the need for a critical review of strategies to address the key sociological objectives and to establish the democratic and equitable society envisioned in PMPD.

Law as a Supreme System and Social Control Tool

The phenomenon of positivism-based and social structure-based legal thinking has influenced legal thinking in Indonesia. The daily reality that occurs in society where the law plays a very important role as social control of society. Because without a written or unwritten legal regulation such as customary law, for example, life in society will not run harmoniously. The main sociological objects are family, politics, religion, control (social control). Sociology also highlights the reciprocal relationships between elements of society, such as the norms of family life, the relationship between political institutions and religious institutions. The process of legal development actually does not stop there, but can take place further. Until societal norms not only to be institutionalized in society but internalized, meaning that the level of development of each member of society behaves in line with behavior that meets the needs of society. To meet the needs of the community, it is necessary to form law as social control of the community, interpreted as a supervisor by the community over the course of government. Thus social control aims to achieve harmony between stability and change in society.

Методология цифрового социологического исследования: общественная система как базовый инструмент моделирования

The article analyzes the existing approaches to sociological research and provides assessment of some systemic gaps in the cycle of modeling sociological objects. The technique allowing modeling of complex social interactions based on the concept of «social system» is proposed. The modeling principles are developed, covering the levels of interaction with the environment, content and structure. The model of the social system, having a set of internal parameters, and the algorithm of its interaction with the environment are presented. To facilitate the perception of a large number of elements extracted from the collected empirical data, it is proposed to display the final result of the study on a special map. The primary testing, based on messages from the social network Twitter, allowed us to identify the elements of complex social systems and show the nature of their interaction. It is concluded that the methodology is applicable as a tool to monitor and to forecast complex social interactions.

What’s the Value of a House: Wait, Struggle, and Improvement in a Militia-Controlled(?) Area in Rio de Janeiro

This paper discusses valuation regimes of houses in a militia area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Drawing on fieldwork undertaken during the construction of a highway between 2012 and 2016, we propose considering removal processes as sociological objects relevant to the analysis of informal real estate markets. We show how waiting for the construction challenged residents and community leaders to fill the gaps between memories of the past, an uncertain present, and multiple future possibilities. Offered only three forms of compensation for removing their houses, residents established equivalences between past struggles and prospects for improvement. By exploring the multiple meanings of these categories and different forms of active waiting for the removal, we differentiate the logic and scale of the self-construction of houses from the militia urbanism in the region.

Biography and Social Research

This essay tries to show the scientific validity of the biographical approach in social research. In a sense, it is the realization that nobody would talk about his or her intimate existential experiences, or Erlebnisse, to a tape-reading machine. The object of sociology is not an object. It is a person, a human being living in society, and as such it must be dealt with.

Outrage during an investigation. A researcher’s impossible neutrality in the face of injustice in a ‘cité’ college

During a year of observation in a college in a stigmatized urban working-class area, the investigator experienced emotional disturbances which generated methodological adaptations and were gradually transformed into a sociological object. This article therefore aims to understand the process of constructing a research object within the framework of an inductive approach. The survey narrative, mobilized as an analytical tool, makes it possible to describe chronologically the emotions felt in the face of certain interactions or events, which upset the formal principle of neutrality set beforehand, as well as the evolution of the postures adopted. In so doing, it sheds light on the mechanisms of the daily fabrication of injustice within a ‘cité’ college. It also allows us to better understand the specificities of the conditions of data collection of previous surveys conducted in Physical Education classes, which delimit and orient the process of problematization.

Семиотический подход к пониманию социокультурного ландшафта региона

The article deals with the phenomenon of sociocultural landscape, which in modern conditions integrates, along with social and cultural components, their semantic components. Based on the concept of sociocultural landscape of the region as a sign system, functioning on the model of the text, it is substantiated that the development of such a concept acquires semiotic character. It is emphasized that the development of the concept of semiotics of sociocultural landscape of the region is adequate to the general logic of the development of sociological knowledge. The object of research in this article is understood as a material space, which includes a sociocultural element in its territory, where huge intersecting dynamic structures, which we define as a sociocultural landscape, inevitably line up. This fluid, spatio-temporal structure is perceived as a system of landscapes composed of different communication flows. The aim of the study is to overcome the limitations of the concept of the regional urbanized landscape and demonstrate the integrative functions of the sign in the formation of social structure and processes in the regional sociocultural landscape. One of the main results of the article, is the conclusion that the sociocultural landscape of the Volgograd region is a frontier, frontier cultural landscape. In modern sociocultural landscapes, the old cultural heritage preserved in the form of tangible objects, traces of traditional human activities and signs of global culture and modern communication, may be dominant and determine the course of many social processes taking place in this territory. In this regard, to consider the specificity of the sociocultural landscape as a sociological object of knowledge and to penetrate into the essence of the specificity of the problem under study, it is necessary to use a semiotic approach.

On Regret: A Sociological Intersectional Approach

Regret is more than just an individual cognitive and emotional phenomenon, and it can, and should, be seen as social and cultural as well. Because of this, regret can tell us a lot, both about someone’s biography, and about the society and culture that shape it. In this brief reflection, the aim is to look at regret as a phenomenon worthy of sociological focus. We focus on three main ways in which regret can be understood as a sociological object: regret as a part of someone’s biography, regret as something that is culturally shaped, and regret as a part of collective memory. We also explore the potentialities of using an intersectional framework to analyze regret in its different forms.

Object of Sociology in the Metamorphosis of Morphogenesis of Hybrid Society

The substantiation of the morphological analysis significance of social changes in the period of qualitative transformation of social reality is presented stressing the need to clarify the content of the object of sociology. Specifics of the emerging new social morphology are analyzed, which, so the author, is based on the appearance in the social space of a new type of social relations agent - device with artificial intelligence. To designate this agent, the concept "technosubject" is offered. The author argues that the new social morphology is formalized in the shape of two parallel structures forming two interrelated topological systems: stratification system of people and a stratified socio-technosystem shaped by technosubjects of various types. The conclusion is made about the formation of a hybrid society, in which the substrate basis of its morphology is a symbiosis of natural and artificial nature agents. The product of their interaction is hybrid sociality. The necessity of transition to a new paradigm of the object of sociology interpretation is substantiated.

PROYECCIONES DE LA ACTIVIDAD ESPACIAL EN LA SOCIEDAD FUNCIONALMENTE DIFERENCIADA

Background: Social sciences focuses insufficient on spatial exploration and the activities associated with it. In this essay, we present reflections on the effects of space exploration from the perspective of systems theory of society. We concentrate on the sociality projected from explorations in outer space, specifically the focus is placed on the spreading of communications and the new boundaries that trace a new image of globality. Objectives: It is proposed to approach space exploration as a singular and emergent sociological object that engages, in specialised forms, interactions, organisations and functional ly differentiated realms of society. Among the latter we will stress science, economics, politics, law and mass media. Methods/Approach/Methods: The possibilities of social systems theory to address the emerging projections of such phenomena and the changes it brings about in the very theory that observes them are discussed. Results/Outcomes: Two fundamental sociological elements of space activity are identified: space communication and the space communication network, and are examined their impacts on the concept of communication in general, on the spreading of social world, on functional differentiation, and on society. Conclusions: Space communication is defined as a communicative phenomenon in whose operational synthesis at least one of its selections is actualised beyond the earth’s surface by human beings or by technical devices, whether mechanical, remote-controlled or autonomous, being meaningfulness in all cases. These operations lead to events and reinforce endo-, exo- and interplanetary social processes and expose the geocentric presupposition underlying the current concept of world society

Towards a sociology of curiosity: theoretical and empirical consideration of the epistemic drive notion.

The article argues for the social production of curiosity. Due its motivating characteristic, curiosity is reconceptualized as an epistemic drive which organizes the social production of knowledge under given socio-historical and local-cultural circumstances. First, historical, philosophical, and sociological literature is reviewed to give a context for the argument. Then a theoretical apparatus is developed considering the emergence, development, and impact of epistemic drives which serves as a foundation for empirical analysis. The second part demonstrates applicability by discussing the problem of economic incentives in scientific research. I argue that scientific projects with little to none immediate economic return have a significant disadvantage in acquiring funding which in turn impacts the mobilization of curiosity in their field. A tendency which systematically yields a disproportionate distribution of knowledge. In conclusion, the article suggests the usefulness of the epistemic drive notion in understanding curiosity as a sociological object.

Interaction of the Ministry of Education and Science and public associations in the reorganization of the system of professional development of pedagogical staff

The problem of reforming the system of professional development of pedagogical workers has been considered in the article. This system was developed in the secondary education of Ukraine during the last three decades. Preparatory work towards the reform of this system has been carried out by the public organization EdCamp Ukraine, which was created and operates on the principles of the global movement EdCamp. It emerged in the USA as an alternative to the state way of teacher training and professional development. Relying on the data of the previous Ukrainian and international researches, the EdCamp Ukraine team confirmed the trends concerning the peculiarities of teachers' professional development and the specifics of feedback on teaching. The methodological strategy (online surveys and unrepresentative samples) has been developed and sociological research objectives have been formulated, which confirmed the perception of changes in the reform of the current system of professional development by the educational community. In 2018 EdCamp Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine conducted an online survey of 8,427 educators as part of a joint project. The aim of the sociological study «Teach and learn: how and where Ukrainian teachers can grow» was to study the range of ideas of teachers and other stakeholders about reforming the current system, training system, expected changes and specific steps. The legal documents, governing the work of public authorities in the process of public administration together with state, municipal educational institutions, public organizations with the involvement of international experience in a pilot project for certification of teachers – «Agents of Changes», have been analyzed in the article. It has been emphasized that in present-day realities to improve the current system of teachers training process' management it is necessary to apply current regulations and to see the experience of their implementation in the certification process with the involvement of all stakeholders. The purpose of certification, the main principles on which the project is based, the stages of their implementation, the course of events, the quantitative indicators of participants, changes in the process of the experiment and the results of certification of 2019 and 2020 have been revealed in the article.

A Framework for a Sociological Description of the Communicative Interaction in Adults Who Stutter.

Purpose The author presents a descriptive sociological framework for the communicative interaction between an adult who stutters (AWS) and other communication partners. The author shows that the communicative interaction between an AWS and another interactant is a sociological object that can be evaluated by both parties in real-time, and is impacted by settings, participants, identity, stigmatization, and the type of talk. These elements are consistent with Hymes' SPEAKING model, which was developed to describe speech communication in a social context and can lay the foundation for the development of an ethnography of stuttering. The clinical applications and implications of a sociological framework are discussed and future directions for research are suggested. Method This work is a refinement and enhancement of Mancinelli (2018) and Mancinelli (2019) and the research associated with that work. This is a tutorial with a clinical focus designed to introduce the readership to a sociological perspective on communicative interactions in AWS. Conclusions Stuttering is an emergent phenomenon embedded within a social interaction, necessitating a deeper understanding of the processes at work during those interactions. A sociological framework can provide a more comprehensive description of the communicative interactions as well as the sociocommunicative lives of people who stutter. The information obtained can inform the formulation of realistic, functional goals based on the daily life of the client. Implications for the development of an ethnography of stuttering are discussed.

Role and Challenges of Objectivity in the Sociological Research: An Overview

Sociology starts with positive philosophy, founding fathers of sociology like Auguste Comte, Durkheim and Spencer strenuously advocated that methods applied to the natural sciences such as physics should be applied to the study of social behavior (Benton and Craib, 2001). As far as ‘objectivity’ is concerned, positivist methodological approaches claim that ‘objectivity’ is an ideal that is attainable, as the social reality of society can be observed it without any antecedents. Objectivity is a goal of scientific investigation. Science involves use of systematic methods of empirical investigation, the analysis of data, theoretical thinking and logical assessment of argument to develop a body of knowledge about a particular subject matter (Giddens and Sutton, 2013). So sociology is a scientific study of human behavior because both quantitative and qualitative research involved systematic method of investigation and s on. However, the concept of objectivity has increasingly been held within the field as problematic and it is still questionable because the subject matter of sociology which is not exactly as subject matter of natural science and since researchers are also part of the society, it is difficult to do research as value-free that is why Max Weber takes middle position and explain the importance of objectivity in social science with value relevance and also develop some methodological or conceptual tool to understand society. Yet still objectivity in sociological research takes a very suspicious or debatable place. In this paper I am dealing with the explanation of the roles and challenges of objectivity in sociological research and my research questions are - 1. What are the role and status of objectivity in the sociological research, 2. What are the most challenges faced while establishing objectivity. 3. What is an alternative of objectivity in sociological research, 4. Identify and distinguish theories for supporting or rejecting objectivity in sociology. This paper is based on secondary sources and descriptive in nature.

Sosyolojik Kontekstte Moderniteye Dair İki Tez: Kopuş Mu Süreklilik Mi?

In this study, some theses about modernity, which is the main research object of sociology, will be discussed. Not all theses on modernity will be discussed. Because within the bounds of such an article, it is not possible to express all the discussions about modernity in the literature. In this paper we will try to sum up two theses on modernity in sociological context. After evaluating the historical and etymologic origin of the concept of modernity, the first of the discussions we will approach is about the fact that modernity symbolizes a break from the past and that it is unique. For the first discussion in this study, the views of two thinkers, Jürgen Habermas and Hans Blumenberg, will be expressed. The second thesis on modernity argues modernity’s continuity with the past and its historicity. The views of some of the thinkers who defended the latter will also be discussed. These thinkers are Karl Löwith, Jacob Taubes, Carl Schmitt, Eric Voegelin and Michael Gillespie, respectively. As sociologist Giddens has said, “sociology is the science of modernity”. In this context, theses on modernity, and essence of modernity set a theoretical and intellectual framework for today's sociologist's research on society. Therefore, at the end of the study, the contribution of philosophical debates on modernity to sociology will be evaluated additionally.

Knowing through feeling: the aesthetic structure of a novel and the iconic experience of reading

Following the strong program in cultural sociology, I propose a “literary turn” to recognize literary texts “as relatively autonomous cultural entities” with their own agency. This article is part of a larger project connecting cultural sociology with the sociology of literature and literary theory to develop a strong program in the sociology of literature. Instead of approaching literary fiction as an object of analysis, sociology and literature can contribute to social knowledge in a symmetrical way, where fiction is not devalued vis-a-vis social scientific inquiry. Just the opposite: recognizing the specificities of literary communication, we can access textures of social life that are only hardly graspable by sociology. A crucial step is to examine how social knowledge comes into existence when reading a fictional text. Embracing the structural aesthetics of Roman Jakobson and Jan Mukařovský, I modify the concept of iconicity to capture the iconic experience of reading through which literature mediates social experience that is iconic of broader social phenomena. I demonstrate my approach by analyzing the Czech novel Bliss was it in Bohemia by Michal Viewegh (Bliss was it in Bohemia, Jantar Publishing, London, 1992). Building on social aesthetics, I discuss implications of my model for sociological theory, textual representation, and sociological explanation in general.

Comunidade e poder na sociologia da ação de Max Weber, 1910-1913

No ano de 1913, Max Weber define como objeto primário da Sociologia a ação comunitária – mais tarde, ação social. Este artigo acompanha o núcleo conceitual desta definição: a modalização da referência ao sentido, objetiva e subjetivamente, na medida em que isto permite articular as categorias de necessidade, possibilidade e realidade dentro de sua fundante perspectiva sociológica. Para tanto, examino, respectivamente: os ensaios metodológicos de Weber, com ênfase no período de 1907-1913; e então, mantendo este diálogo, os textos e manuscritos correspondentes à dita primeira fase (ca. 1910-1913) de elaboração de Economia e Sociedade, em que o autor trabalha formas de comunidade e poder