Socioeconomic Outcomes Research Articles

The economywide impact of bioethanol production in South Africa

Bioethanol production as a substitute for petroleum in road transport fuels has been identified as a potential partial solution to environmental and socioeconomic challenges facing developing countries, including South Africa. Biofuels in motor vehicles emit fewer GHGs relative to conventional fuels, and their production can lead to economic growth and associated socioeconomic outcomes, including increased labour employment and improved household welfare. The objective of this paper was to quantify the socioeconomic impact of bioethanol production in South Africa using sugarcane as a feedstock and to assess the effects of increasing the size of the bioethanol plant. The study is based on the 2018 KwaZulu-Natal and South African Social Accounting Matrices (SAM), and two assumed scenarios are considered, namely a scenario where only export destined sugarcane is used to produce bioethanol (scenario I) and a scenario when all sugarcane is used to produce bioethanol (Scenario II). The SAMs modified from the SAMs initially compiled by Conningarth Economists were used to develop an input–output multipliers economic impact model. The production of bioethanol from sugarcane was anticipated to have positive socioeconomic impacts namely, an increase in the country’s GDP, employment growth, gross-capital formation, positive contribution to fiscus, improvement in household welfare and positive contribution to the balance of payment (BOP). Expanding the size of the bioethanol plant is expected to magnify the impacts. The study, therefore, recommends a removal of bottlenecks in bioethanol expansion, including high feedstock cost, limited investment, and absence of mandatory blending policy, amongst others.

From Earnings to Occupations: Understanding Intergenerational Mobility inTurkey

The studies analyzing intergenerational economic mobility have been rather scarce for developing countries due to unavailability of longitudinal datasets. This study uses data from Survey of Income and Living Condition (SILC) from2006- 2021, obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute to analyze the intergenerational income and occupational mobility in Turkey. Besides measuring the dynamics of income and occupational mobility across generations, we also analyze howdoes the association of children socioeconomic outcome with their family backgroundvary at different career levels of children. Our findings reveal that the associationwith parents income is much higher for daughters as compared to sons suggestingdaughters outcomes are more explained by their family socioeconomic status. Regarding the association of children’ outcome with family status at different career stage, the relationship is stronger when children are at the mid-career level. The Bayesian methodology and Pseudo-panel fixed effect model has beenemployed to estimate intergenerational income elasticity and for the rest of the analysis, Bayesian methodology has been utilized. Our finding also reveals higher intergenerational occupational persistence among children in higher income families while children from disadvantaged families have higher probability of switching career upon receiving good education and income perspective.

Parental Socioeconomic Status and an Infant’s Risk of Hospital Admission for RSV

Abstract Background While clinical risk factors for RSV bronchiolitis are well established, data on socioeconomic risk factors is lacking. We explored the association of parental education, income, and employment status on an infant’s risk of hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis. Methods This population-based retrospective case-control study covered all RSV-related hospital admissions of under 1-year old children in Finland between 2004 and 2018. Controls were matched by month and year of birth, sex, province of residence, and family size. Registry data were linked using unique personal identity codes. Cases and controls were compared using adjusted odds-ratios (aOR) calculated for socioeconomic outcomes including maternal and paternal education, household income, and parental employment. Results A total of 10 767 infants and 50 054 controls were included in the study. Lower parental education significantly raised the risk for RSV hospital admission in infants, the risk growing with decreasing education levels; aOR 1.03 (0.96-1.09) with post-secondary education, 1.12 (1.05-1.2) with secondary education, and 1.33 (1.2-1.47) with primary education. Combined parental income was not significant: aOR 0.97 (CI 0.91-1.05), 1.02 (CI 0.95-1.1), 1(CI 0.92-1.08) and 0.94 (CI 0.85-1.04), respectively with decreasing income level. Unemployment of both parents seemed to be a risk factor for the child’s RSV hospital admission, aOR 1.24 (1.12-1.38). Conclusions Lower parental socioeconomic status may increase the risk of an infant’s RSV hospitalization. Socioeconomic risk factors should be considered when designing RSV infection primary prevention strategies.

Rural gentrification, the booming B&B industry and linked migration in China: To what extent can gentrification contribute to rural revitalisation?

AbstractAccompanying the functional transformation of rural areas from productivism to postproductivism, the rural areas with scenic views surrounding megacities are re‐evaluated in terms of their importance as destinations for visitors, especially in the case of booming bed and breakfast (B&B) industry in contemporary rural China. While private investment has generally led to improvements in the physical space and economic development of these villages, there is also concern about the negative effects of rural gentrification, such as the commercialisation of rural space, the alienation of rural culture and the displacement of indigenous residents. This study examines the multifaceted nature of rural gentrification by observing two villages within the Moganshan Mountain area—the birthplace of rural B&Bs in China, and explores how these processes have been leveraged to promote rural revitalisation. Research findings suggest that disparities in original resources and property rights allocation underpinning the B&B industries among the first‐wave gentrifiers and the local villagers, when viewed through the lens of linked migration, may lead to different socioeconomic outcomes. The B&B industry's growth can either be exclusive, primarily favouring gentrifiers, or complementary, fostering mutual benefits and learning opportunities for both gentrifiers and local villagers. Moreover, forming a collaborative network of rural villagers, returning migrants, and external elites can contribute to rural revitalisation through gentrification. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of rural gentrification by adding evidence from the Global South and provide insights to inform Chinese rural revitalisation policies, especially alternatives to traditional state‐led revitalisation projects.

Educational, labour market and relationship outcomes in people with acne.

Although acne is associated with scarring, mental health comorbidities and bullying, little is known about its impact on socio-economic outcomes. To examine the association between acne and educational, labour market and relationship outcomes. We conducted a nationwide registry-based cohort study in Denmark. We included birth cohorts from 1982 to 1988 and compared those with and without acne identified using hospital diagnosis codes and redeemed prescriptions. Our main educational outcome was educational attainment. The main labour market outcomes were earned income at age 30 and long-term unemployment at any time before age 30. The main relationship outcomes were single partnership and childlessness by age 30. Outcomes were assessed using Poisson regression for binary outcomes and linear regression for continuous outcomes, adjusted for sex, calendar year, mother's socio-economic position and hormonal contraception use. Those with acne had a lower risk of not completing upper secondary education (relative risk (RR): 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-0.83) and higher education (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88-0.91), with absolute differences up to 4 percentage points. Persons with acne had slightly higher income (mean percentile difference: 2.6%, 95% CI: 2.2-2.9) and lower risk of long-term unemployment than those without acne (9.8% vs. 11.4%; RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.93). The prevalence of being single until age 30 was similar (19.7% vs. 20.1%; adjusted RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-0.98) but childlessness was slightly more prevalent (60.5% vs. 57.5%; adjusted RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02-1.04). However, all associations were attenuated or lost in secondary analysis restricted to exposure-discordant siblings to address confounding from family-related factors. Acne during adolescence does not seem to affect long-term educational, labour market or relationship outcomes. However, there is a need for additional studies to validate the findings in untreated patients and different health and social systems.

How to Assess Livelihoods? Critical Reflections on the Use of Common Indicators to Capture Socioeconomic Outcomes for Ecological Restoration workers in South Africa

Social outcomes from conservation and development activities on a local scale are often assessed using five livelihood assets—Natural, Physical, Human, Financial and Social—and their associated indicators. These indicators, and the variables used to measure them, are typically based on ‘common practice’ with limited attention being paid to the use of alternative indicators. In this article, we present a typical survey of socioeconomic benefits for ecological restoration workers in South Africa, and ask whether the common livelihood indicators used are adequate and sufficient, or whether any relevant indicators are missing. Results from the livelihood survey show the value of income, food and education as strong indicators of financial and human assets, and the importance of open-ended questions in eliciting details of workers’ perceived changes in their livelihoods. However, by complementing the survey results with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and stakeholder workshops, we show how unconventional livelihood indicators and aspects provide a deeper understanding of changes in livelihoods that are tied to restoration projects. We guide scholars and practitioners to advance their process of selecting livelihood indicators, in particular to include three additional types of indicators: intangible indicators to assess life quality; relative indicators reaching across spatial and temporal scales to capture community outcomes and livelihood resilience; and, political indicators to uncover causal relationships.

Examining the Acceptability of Helminth Education Packages "Magic Glasses Lower Mekong" and "Magic Glasses Opisthorchiasis" and Their Impact on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Schoolchildren in the Lower Mekong Basin: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Helminths are a major global health issue, impacting health, educational, and socioeconomic outcomes. Infections, often starting in childhood, are linked to anemia, malnutrition, cognitive deficit, and in chronic cases of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), cholangiocarcinoma. The main control strategy for helminth infection is mass drug administration; however, this does not prevent reinfection. As such, prevention strategies are needed. The "Magic Glasses" is a school-based cartoon health education package that has demonstrated success in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surrounding soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in China and the Philippines. This study is designed to assess the acceptability and impact of the 2 new versions of the Magic Glasses targeting STH and OV designed for the Lower Mekong audience in Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), and Thailand. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptability of the "Magic Glasses Lower Mekong" and "Magic Glasses Opisthorchiasis" education packages among schoolchildren in the Lower Mekong Basin, and the impact of these education packages on students' KAP surrounding STH and OV, respectively. Schoolchildren will be recruited into a cluster randomized controlled trial with intervention and control arms in rural schools in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand. Schoolchildren's initial acceptability of the intervention will be evaluated using an adapted questionnaire. Sustained acceptability will be assessed at 9-month follow-up through focus group discussions with students and interviews with teachers. Impact will be evaluated by KAP questionnaires on STH and OV. KAP questionnaires will be administered to children at baseline and at follow-up. Indirect impact on parents' KAP of OV and STH will be assessed through focus group discussions at follow-up. The trial is in progress in Lao PDR and Thailand and is expected to commence in Cambodia in January 2024. The results of the study are expected to be available 18 months from the start of recruitment. We hypothesize that participants enrolled in the intervention arm of the study will have higher KAP scores for STH and OV, compared with the participants in the control arm at follow-up. We expect that students will have initial and sustained acceptability of these intervention packages. This trial will examine the acceptability of the "Magic Glasses Opisthorchiasis" and "Magic Glasses Lower Mekong" interventions and provide evidence on the effectiveness of the "Magic Glasses" on KAP related to OV and STH among schoolchildren in the Lower Mekong Basin. Study results will provide insight on acceptability and impact indicators and inform a scaling up protocol for the "Magic Glasses" education packages in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12623000271606; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385315&isReview=true. DERR1-10.2196/55290.

Skin color and socioeconomic inequality: the persistence of colorism among black Jamaicans

ABSTRACT Colorism is an important determiner of life outcomes among Black people. Yet, we know little about how it impacts socioeconomic conditions outside the United States. This study expands the existing literature on intraracial stratification by using Jamaica as a case example. Drawing on data from the 2010 and 2023 waves of the AmericasBarometer social survey, I examine the impacts of colorism on two key indicators of socioeconomic status. Although colorism is often regulated as a “public secret,” findings reveal that it is a significant determinant of socioeconomic outcomes. And while the penalty of skin color has lessened in 2023 for tertiary education and household amenities, it remains for incomplete primary education. Findings thus: (1) provide empirical evidence of the continued significance of colorism within Jamaica, (2) expand the extant literature, and (3) highlight the need for the consideration of “racial” inequality in fostering equity, even in majority African-descended nations.

Reshaping conservation incorporating Indigenous perspectives

Typically, conservation is achieved by excluding, evacuating, or legally dismissing the rights of local/native people from using protected areas, resulting in evictions, ongoing distress, and dejection among many Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) worldwide. However, the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (BRTWS) in the Western Ghats offers a unique example of conservation where local tribal people, Soligas, have persisted and been living with tigers, elephants, bears, leopards, and other wild animals for millennia. In the past, they managed the forest which, under the colonial and later modern conservation policies, has been restricted and penalised. However, Soligas’ continuous existence in the Sanctuary suggests that people’s knowledge and skills must be contributing to enable them to co-exist with wild animals. Our integrated analysis of ecological, socio-cultural, and policy aspects and experience of working with Soligas in the BRT landscape typifies the importance of locals’ knowledge in managing the forest — urging the need to recognise and support IPLCs’ work for achieving conservation as well as socio-economic outcomes. This Note highlights the necessity to understand, recognise, and embrace IPLCs’ knowledge systems from a conservation context. Emerging future economic opportunities through Nature-based Solutions, if developed equitably, sustainably, and in culturally appropriate ways in line with IPLCs' aspirations and responsibilities, can benefit both wildlife and people, while reducing wildlife conflicts and delivering multiple-faceted conservation outcomes globally.

Romantic and sexual relationships of young adults born very preterm: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

To compare romantic and sexual relationships between adults born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks of gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) and at term, and to evaluate potential biological and environmental explanatory factors among VP/VLBW participants. This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis included longitudinal studies assessing romantic and sexual relationships in adults (mean sample age ≥ 18 years) born VP/VLBW compared with term-born controls. Following PRISMA-IPD guidelines, 11 of the 13 identified cohorts provided IPD from 1606 VP/VLBW adults and 1659 term-born controls. IPD meta-analyses were performed using one-stage approach. Individuals born VP/VLBW were less likely to be in a romantic relationship (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.31-0.76), to be married/cohabiting (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.92), or to have had sexual intercourse (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.36) than term-born adults. If sexually active, VP/VLBW participants were more likely to experience their first sexual intercourse after the age of 18 years (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.24-3.01) than term-born adults. Among VP/VLBW adults, males, and those with neurosensory impairment were least likely to experience romantic relationships. These findings reflect less optimal social functioning and may have implications for socioeconomic and health outcomes of adults born VP/VLBW.

Predictors of chronic migraine remission

BackgroundChronic migraine is a debilitating neurological condition that significantly impairs both individual and socioeconomic outcomes. The aim of the present study was to estimate the remission rates of chronic migraine to episodic migraine, and to identify potential predictors of chronic migraine remission. In addition, to assess impact of chronic migraine remission on headache related disability.ResultsOut of 300 individuals with chronic migraine (CM) who attended to our institution and continued for follow up in the period from the 1st of January 2021 up to the end of December 2022, approximately 82 cases (27.3%) had remitting CM, while 117 cases (39.0%) had persistent CM, and 101 cases (33.7%) had transitional CM. On multivariate model for detection of potential predictors of CM remission revealed that patients with lowest headache frequency (15–19 frequency/month) were much more likely to remit (OR = 577.826, 95% CI: 15.259 to 21,881.228, P = 0.001) than those with high-frequency CM (25–30 frequency/month), patients with non CM with allodynia (0–2) were more likely to remit (OR = 139.374, 95% CI: 4.634 to 419.879, P = 0.004) compared to those with moderate to severe CM with allodynia (≥ 6). Additionally, those using Topiramate or beta-blockers were more likely to achieve remission (OR = 23.325, 95% CI: 3.289 to 165.400, P = 0.002, and OR = 34.205, 95%CI: 3.591 to 325.842, P = 0.002, respectively), and also non-smokers were 11 times more likely to achieve remission compared to smokers (OR = 11.370, 95% CI: 1.702 to 75.934, P = 0.012).ConclusionThese findings identified several potential predictors of remission among patients with chronic headache. However, the majority of these prognostic factors are modifiable.

Health and socioeconomic well-being of women with endometriosis and provoked vestibulodynia: Longitudinal insights from Swedish registry data.

Endometriosis and provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) are prevalent pain conditions among women of reproductive age, significantly impacting their quality of life and psychological well-being. However, comprehensive evidence regarding the lifelong health and socioeconomic outcomes for these individuals remains scarce. Additionally, many prior studies rely on limited and sometimes unrepresentative samples. This study aims to inform on the long-term consequences of these disorders by examining health, fertility, and employment outcomes in a cohort of women diagnosed with endometriosis and/or PVD, tracing their experiences from childhood to their 40s. Leveraging nationwide administrative data from Sweden and employing a matched case-control design, we investigate both similarities and differences between women with these diagnoses and those without. Our findings indicate that women diagnosed with endometriosis and/or PVD demonstrate elevated healthcare utilization patterns, commencing in their early teenage years and progressively increasing over time. Notably, disparities in labor market outcomes emerge in their 20s, showcasing lower labor earnings and a rise in sickness benefit receipt. Moreover, our results show a higher likelihood among these women to experience mental health disorders and concurrent chronic pain diseases, as well as infertility. While the association between endometriosis and infertility is well-documented, this study offers novel insights into a potential similar link between PVD and infertility. Our study informs healthcare professionals and policymakers about the considerable burden of compromised health, adverse psychosocial well-being, and reduced productivity in the labor market faced by young women with these common pain conditions. These findings underscore the urgency of addressing the multifaceted challenges encountered by individuals diagnosed with endometriosis and PVD across their lifespan.

Trends and Collaborations in Livestock Extension Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (2015-2024)

This study employs bibliometric analysis to investigate trends in livestock extension research from January 2015 to June 2024, utilizing data sourced from the dimension.ai database. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive review of publication trends, research categories, influential journals, collaborative networks among authors, and the impact of seminal studies. The findings reveal a notable increase of 51.55 per cent in scholarly interest and publications over the years, indicating growing attention towards enhancing livestock productivity, sustainability, and socio-economic outcomes. Key research domains such as agricultural, veterinary, and food sciences emerge as predominant areas of focus, with significant contributions observed in interdisciplinary fields like environmental sciences and human geography. Network analyses using tools like VOSviewer highlight robust collaborative relationships among researchers, identifying central figures and clusters that drive collaborative research efforts in livestock extension. The study also identified “Climate change vulnerability, adaptation and risk perceptions at farm level in Punjab, Pakistan” published in 2016, with nearly 294 citations as top-cited article and other affiliations, emphasizing their pivotal roles in advancing knowledge and practices within the field. Overall, this bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of livestock extension research, demonstrating how such analytical approaches contribute to understanding research trends, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, and guiding future research directions in agricultural sciences.

Drought Awareness over Continental United States

Understanding the relationship between droughts and drought awareness is vital towards decision making and policy for water management and conservation strategies, and socioeconomic outcomes. We used computer vision (UNet models) to analyze nonlinear, heterogeneous, lagged correlations between Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Google Trends Search Interest within the Continental United States (CONUS). The most important drivers of the relationship between drought occurrence and drought awareness are the variability and ranges of drought trends and severity, as well as extreme drought conditions. This relationship was the strongest for Western states, followed by Northeastern, Southeastern, and Central regions. Search interest tends to lag droughts by a period of̃1-3 months. We also found evidence that reductionist linear approaches, such as a Principal Component Analysis, might not be as effective as UNet models in capturing the nuanced relationship between droughts and drought awareness at various dimensions and scales.

Associations of schooling type, qualification type and subsequent health in mid-adulthood: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study

BackgroundEducation is thought to benefit health. However, existing studies have predominantly focused on educational attainment—the type of institution attended has been overlooked, despite being an important indicator of education resources,...

Confounding Fuels Misinterpretation in Human Genetics.

The scientific literature has seen a resurgence of interest in genetic influences on human behavior and socioeconomic outcomes. Such studies face the central difficulty of distinguishing possible causal influences, in particular genetic and non-genetic ones. When confounding between possible influences is not rigorously addressed, it invites over- and misinterpretation of data. We illustrate the breadth of this problem through a discussion of the literature and a reanalysis of two examples. Clark (2023) suggested that patterns of similarity in social status between relatives indicate that social status is largely determined by one's DNA. We show that the paper's conclusions are based on the conflation of genetic and non-genetic transmission, such as wealth, within families. Song & Zhang (2024) posited that genetic variants underlying bisexual behavior are maintained in the population because they also affect risk-taking behavior, thereby conferring an evolutionary fitness advantage through increased sexual promiscuity. In this case, too, we show that possible explanations cannot be distinguished, but only one is chosen and presented as a conclusion. We discuss how issues of confounding apply more broadly to studies that claim to establish genetic underpinnings to human behavior and societal outcomes.

Long-Term Socioeconomic and Neurologic Outcome for Individuals with Childhood-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

Most studies on the progression of childhood-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) involve relatively short follow-up periods, focusing primarily on neurological outcomes and disability progression. The influence of these and other factors on the health-related quality of life is not known. To gain a comprehensive understanding of early-onset MS, it is crucial to evaluate the effects of treatment and the disease on quality of life. This pilot project aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using an online survey tool for long-term follow-up data collection from patients with childhood-onset MS. An anonymized, monocentric, prospective survey was conducted on a convenience cohort of patients treated at a certified centre for neuromuscular diseases in childhood between 2007 and 2019. A total of 27 patients completed the survey. There were no mandatory items, therefore some patients chose not to answer all the questions in the questionnaire. Patients exhibited promising educational achievements, low neurological disease burden, and high resilience. However, anxiety, depression, and pain significantly impacted their perceived health status. This single-centre study has yielded new insights into childhood-onset MS. To enable more accurate comparisons across different centres and countries, it is essential to establish a minimum data set and questionnaire subset for patients with paediatric-onset MS transitioning into adulthood.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and 30-Day Outcomes for Common Cardiovascular Conditions.

Understanding the relationship between neighborhood environment and cardiovascular outcomes is important to achieve health equity and implement effective quality strategies. We conducted a population-based cohort study to determine the association of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and 30-day mortality and readmission rate for patients admitted with common cardiovascular conditions. We examined claims data from fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years between 2017 and 2019 admitted for heart failure, valvular heart disease, ischemic heart disease, or cardiac arrhythmias. The primary exposure was the Area Deprivation Index; outcomes were 30-day all-cause death and unplanned readmission. More than 2 million admissions were included. After sequential adjustment for patient characteristics (demographics, dual eligibility, comorbidities), area health care resources (primary care clinicians, specialists, and hospital beds per capita), and admitting hospital characteristics (ownership, size, teaching status), there was a dose-dependent association between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and 30-day mortality rate for all conditions. In the fully adjusted model for death, estimated effect sizes of residence in the most disadvantaged versus least disadvantaged neighborhoods ranged from adjusted odds ratio 1.29 (95% CI, 1.22-1.36) for the heart failure group to adjusted odds ratio 1.63 (95% CI, 1.36-1.95) for the valvular heart disease group. Neighborhood deprivation was associated with increased adjusted 30-day readmission rates, with estimated effect sizes from adjusted odds ratio 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.14) for heart failure to adjusted odds ratio 1.19 (95% CI, 1.13-1.26) for arrhythmia. Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with 30-day mortality rate and readmission for patients admitted with common cardiovascular conditions independent of individual demographics, socioeconomic status, medical risk, care access, or admitting hospital characteristics.

Does Cognitive Reflection Relate to Preferences and Socio-Economic Outcomes?

Does Cognitive Reflection Relate to Preferences and Socio-Economic Outcomes?

Mapping heterogeneity: Spatially explicit machine learning approaches for urban value uplift characterisation and prediction

Understanding urban value uplift is essential for guiding public efforts towards vibrant economies and inclusive communities. Current research, however, often overlooks non-economic dimensions of urban values, resulting in biased socioeconomic outcomes and neglected socio-spatial heterogeneity for sustainable urban planning. This study employs spatially explicit machine learning (ML) approaches to comprehensively investigate the characterisation of urban value uplift and its predictors. Applying GWPCA to the municipality of Shanghai, the results reveal significant heterogeneity in urban value uplift characterisation. While the municipality shows a generally homogeneous polycentric growth pattern, central areas exhibit economic growth, and peripheral areas are enhanced with place value. Additionally, combining a Spatially Enhanced CatBoost algorithm (CTB-S) and SHAPley value, analysis on uplift predictors indicates that urban policy, among many other features, tends to catalyse further economic uplift specifically in central areas. Our findings underscore the inherent heterogeneity in urban change process, necessitating spatially tailored approaches for policymakers to capture urban value uplifts. By addressing the unique needs of different urban areas, policymakers can promote sustainable urban environments that ensure equitable economic and social benefits across all communities.