Socio-economic Development Of Russia Research Articles

ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ БЕДНОСТИ КАК ПРИОРИТЕТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫМ РАЗВИТИЕМ СТРАНЫ

The article considers the poverty issue as that of a clear threat to the successful socio-economic development of Russia. It gives an assessment of measures aimed at overcoming and shows the role of social contracts not only as an opportunity for the formation of new sources of income for self-sufficiency, but also as a basis for the formation of a new system of human values, the ability to determine his own life in the new economic reality. The article also identifies the ways of solving that issue in the conditions of increased risks in the context of overcoming the consequences of coronavirus.

Transformation of the Structure of the Russian Banking Sector: The Impact on Regional Development

Introduction. Inconsistency of the governmental regulatory impact on the socio-economic processes is one of the destructive factors in the increasing asymmetry of regional development. The decisions taken in the sphere of financial market regulation have provoked large-scale structural and quantitative changes in the banking system. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the occurred transformation on regional development and to analyze the possibilities of reducing gaps in the volume of banking services provided in Russia’s regions as well as in the level of their socio-economic development. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of data from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service. The results of the banking system transformation and the possible impact of the changes on regional development were assessed using the methods of scientific knowledge. When working with the empirical material, the methods of comparison, measurement and evaluation were used. Results. The authors have identified gaps in the level of socio-economic development of Russia’s regions. For a long time, a number of regions have demonstrated limited opportunities for self-development and to fulfil their potential. The acuteness of this problem can be smoothed out by the tools of bank regulation (e.g. lending). After the decrease in the number of regional banks, the banking services market has seen steady signs of oligopoly with a marked decline in price competition. Negative effects of this decline have been increasing at the regional level. Discussion and Conclusion. Regional socio-economic dynamics demonstrate high sensitivity to the reduction in the number of regional banks operating independently as well as to the decline in price competition in the banking services market. It is important that the regional component be taken into account in regulatory practices, including that applicable to the banking sector. Preservation of the regional segment of this system will help to solve a lot of problems at the local level and thus make a significant contribution to overcoming the gaps in the socio-economic development of the regions. The results of this study will be useful to managers of the Central Bank of Russia, as well as to regional and local authorities.

Quality of Economic Growth as a Prerequisite for Improving the Efficiency of Management of Socio-Economic Development in Russia

The article is devoted to the development of indicators of the quality of economic growth. The authors associate the primary practical purpose of the system of indicators of the quality of economic growth with improving information and scientific and methodological support for the process of developing and implementing decisions of the state’s economic policy. We considered methodological aspects of compiling a system of indicators of the quality of economic growth, described problems in this area, and proposed approaches to their solution. Further, we gave estimates of factors that determine the dynamics of economic growth. We have provided a special place to the discussion of controversial issues in the field of assessing the quality of economic growth, including the problem of reconciling the idea of inclusive development and endogenous growth model of the Russian economy. It also includes approaches to the innovative factor in development outcomes that reflect the regional dimension in the system of quality indicators of economic development. The authors present and justify their views on several controversial issues, continuing the discussion of this topic that began in the framework of the Efimov Readings II (2019).

To Nicholas II's deposits held with the English banks

Subject. The article focuses on unknown aspects of foreign financial and credit operations of the Russian Empire. Objectives. The article attempts to unfold the mechanism and role of foreign loans taken by the imperial family from perspectives of modern Russia. What distinguished the economic policy of Nicholas II? Why did relatives, clergy, noblemen and military elite of Russia turn their backs to the Emperor? I try to bridge the gap between the traditional perception and real situation with respect to loans of the last Emperor of Russia. Methods. I relied upon proceedings of the Russian and foreign scholars, archives, memoirs of contemporaries and those who were close to the Romanovs. What makes the study complicated is the secrecy of materials and information on the imperial family’s financial position. The article involves the analytical, systems, historical and statistical methods of research. Results. I set forth my own concept of key deposits made by Nicholas II with the English banks, reveals reasons and mechanisms for placing them, and describe the consequences and the significance for Russia in the current circumstances of the globalized economy. I also suggest how modern credit relations should be transformed. Conclusions and Relevance. The article provides my conclusions about causes of the ineffective financial and credit policy of the Romanovs, its negative effect on Russia's socio-economic development. As a conclusion, I suggest considering the financial and credit policy of the Russian tzars and Nicholas II from contemporary perspectives. The article justifies the hypothesis that the Turkish contribution as a result of the 1878–1879 Russo-Turkish War became the basis for making secret deposits of the Russian emperors with the English banks. I also make some guess about their use.

Факторы и перспективы преодоления социодемографического кризиса в России

Demographic crisis remains one of the main challenges to socio-economic development of Russia. The COVID–19 pandemic has aggravated preconditions for a possible recovery from depopulation. The present article substantiates the need to develop and approve the RF social doctrine upon completion of national projects in 2018–2024. The authors suggest their own approach to overcoming the socio-demographic crisis with regard to the long-term demographic dynamics in Russia. Various scenarios of the “post-coronavirus” future of both specific countries and the world as a whole are proposed.

The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.

Tax Policy Directions in Russia and the Possibility of Reducing the Tax Burden on Domestic Producers Operating in the Home Market

The relevance of the research topic is due to the role of tax policy and the impact of external and internal longterm factors affecting the slowdown of the Russian economy. The aim of the study is to justify measures to reduce the tax burden on manufacturers concentrated on the domestic market. The authors used methods of statistical analysis, economic statistics, including the calculations of implicit tax rates, and the tax burden sensitivity in relation to GDP dynamics. The research results show that an increase in the tax burden on labor and consumption, as well as the existing correlation between the tax burden on capital and labor, hinders investments in the modernization of production and innovation, and disrupts economic growth and socio-economic development in Russia. The measures introduced by the government to overcome the consequences of the pandemic do not help to reduce the tax burden in a short-term and long-term perspective. The authors conclude that it is necessary to reduce the tax burden on domestic producers concentrated on the domestic market by introducing a special taxpayer status.

MECHANISMS OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Socio-economic development of Russia involves active scientific and technological development that stimulates economic growth. State priority is given to areas of scientific and technological development, which stimulate innovative development of the domestic market and strengthen Russia’s position in the international arena. Scientific and technological development may face a number of administrative, technological and institutional threats, levelling of which is possible through the creation of conditions, leading to an increase in labor productivity. The mechanisms of labor productivity increase, distributed according to the following factors of labor productivity growth, have been presented in the article, such as: material and technical, organizational and economic, socio-psychological, natural, socio-economic. The developed mechanisms of labor productivity increase take into account modern level of scientific and technological development and seem useful both in creating the policy of labor productivity increase in the framework of an individual enterprise, and in the development and implementation of state economic policy and national projects.

Liberalism and the State: Economic Growth and the Inequality

The article provides a critical comparison of two opposing views on the socio-economic development of Russia: radical liberal and socio-state ideology. The reason for the comparison was the report of Professor V. V. Kossov at a meeting (December 6, 2019) of the International Organizational Sciences Academy (IOSN) (“Barriers to Russia’s Economic Growth”), which stated that the main barrier to economic growth in Russia was government interference in economic activity and insufficient respect for private property in the population. The article shows on statistical data that, firstly, GDP growth should not be considered the main indicator of a country’s success, and secondly, it is the weakness of the state that actually hinders socio-economic development. It is shown that such problems as the elimination of poverty and inequality cannot be solved without the active participation of the state. The main thing is not economic growth and direct democracy, but the satisfaction of the interests of all social groups and the achievement of social justice. This position is supported by an appeal to the research results of many Western economists. Criticizing the liberal position, the authors of the article remain supporters of the free development of the individual and the society of equal opportunities.

An analysis of the investment attractiveness of the Chelyabinsk Oblast using the eigenstate method

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the socio-economic development of Russia's regions. Objectives. The article aims to develop a methodology for analyzing indicators that characterize the investment force of attraction of the region. Methods. For the study, we used an integrated economic and mathematical technique based on an analysis of the region's indicator proper states. Results. The article proposes a methodology for analyzing the impact of socio-economic and environmental indicators of the region on its investment attractiveness. It demonstrates the use of this methodology through the analysis of the investment attractiveness of the Chelyabinsk Oblast by building an optimal model of socio-economic development and environmental safety using the proper state method. Conclusions. The proposed methodology can be used for any region of Russia when determining the region's economic growth path and increasing its environmental responsibility.

Socio-economic Development of Russia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the functioning of socio-economic development mechanism on the example of the Russian Federation, to provide conceptual justification of measures to improve the interactive response to the sustainable development of the territory using a cluster approach in the economic context. The study was implemented using a set of methods: including principles allowing for the use of general scientific and economic methods, which are a synthesis of abstract-theoretical analysis, system, factor, and structural-functional analysis, logical approach, statistical methods, simulation, situational and quantitative approaches. The author also applied private methodological tools of economic and mathematical modeling and others. The study substantiates measures to improve the regional mechanism of socio-economic development in a specific socio-economic space of the Russian Federation, which allows initiating the emergence of a significant multiplier effect in managing the economics of state development. Theoretical conclusions and suggestions can be used for further scientific development of the problem of regional socio-economic policy and allow an economic interpretation of the problems of sustainable socio-economic development of the territory. The results of the analysis and the identified trends presented in this study work are of independent value since they can serve as a basis for improving the efficiency of economists’ management decisions and developing the state socio-economic system when developing strategic guidelines for the socio-economic policy of sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

Socio-economic development of Russia in terms of the BRICS countries’ development

The welfare of the population is largely dependent on the socio-economic development of the country. It is believed that the stronger the state’s economy, the higher the standard of living of the population. In the framework of this article, the socio-economic development of Russia in terms of the standard of living of the population is considered. It is concluded that over the past 5 years, despite an increase in the level of wages and per capita income, the standard of living of the population of Russia has decreased. The welfare of the citizens of Russia and the citizens of the BRICS countries is compared herein. It is concluded that the dynamically growing economies of India and China contribute to the improvement of the living standards of the population, while the problems in the economies of Russia, Brazil, and South Africa negatively affect the incomes of the population of these countries. The paper suggests incitement of the domestic demand as a factor in the development of the economy and thereby the standard of living.

Features of Economic Development and the Role of the State in Modern Russia

The article characterizes the similarities and differences in the role of the state in the development of the economy of different countries and the features of this role at different stages, including under crisis conditions. In the countries of Western Civilization, the activation of the social layer of entrepreneurs plays the main role in overcoming economic crises. In Russia, this layer is much less important. The periods of successful socioeconomic development are associated with the eras of cultural and ideological development, when the society is inspired by the ideas of common cause. The article shows that the state is usually the most important initiator and driver of socioeconomic development in Russia and China. The spiritual and ideological crisis associated with the destruction of the Soviet Union can be largely compensated by the focus on improving the state and creating an effective planning and market system.

New Solutions to the Problem of Stagnating Socio-Economic Development in Russia

The presented study summarizes the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms in Russia and reviews tools of the market economy that could solve the problem of distrust within Russian society.Aim. The study aims to define the underlying problems that stem from the peculiarities of the historical development of the Russian Federation and now hinder the advancement of our country to a new level of development, and to propose directions for solving these problems.Tasks. The authors summarize the socio-economic consequences of the implementation of liberal market reforms; define the problems of the implementation of a rent-based economy in modern Russia; prove that Russia cannot advance to a new level of development without solving the problem of social distrust; review the tools that could change the current situation of global social distrust (publicprivate partnership, proactive budgeting, clusters, territorial marketing, Far Eastern Hectare program, smart cities, incident management).Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms, identify the problems of modern Russia, and determine the possible directions and tools of development.Results. Russia’s development is historically based on finding and living off the natural rent. This perspective significantly narrows the range of ideas about the potential development directions for the Russian Federation. The rent-based development options proposed today expose another common Russian trait — uncertainty, lack of risk appetite, pessimism, and fear of “things getting worse”. Implementation of democratic reforms in the context of rent-based economic institutions, lack of mutual trust within society, poor performance of courts — all this aggravates the current situation.Conclusions. Nowadays, Russia needs an economy that would create a demand for human capital and inclusive political institutions that would make people engaged in the life of the nation, allowing them to capitalize on their creativity without leaving their homeland.

Prospects of world economy and Russia participation in it

The relevance of this article is due to the need to improve the socio-economic development of Russia and its regions on the basis of adopted and ongoing national projects. The Government of the Russian Federation has set the President of Russia the ambitious task of joining the Russian economy in the top fi ve leading economies in the world. An analysis of the data contained in the passports of national projects, as well as statistics from the World Bank and other sources, allowed the authors to draw conclusions about the state of the existing economic policy.

Глобализация и социально-экономическое развитие в России

The work is devoted to modeling the dynamic relationship of globalization and the level of socioeconomic development in Russia. Vector error correction models taking into account structural shifts in trend parameters for short time series are considered. The results of the calculations are compared with the counterparts in Switzerland and the Netherlands. The bidirectionality of this connection is justified. The priority of separate processes of globalization is shown. The relations between its actual and institutional components are determined.

“Foreign Land, I Greet You!”: the Evolution of Russian Emigration in the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries

The article examines the evolution of emigration from Russia in the post-Soviet period (from the beginning of the 1990s up to the present time). The multifaceted nature of the phenomenon under study requires an integrated, systemic and interdisciplinary approach with the use of general scientific and special methods. Everett Lee’s pull-push theory was used as a methodological basis for the study. The statistical base of the study was made up of data from Rosstat, foreign statistical agencies, the UN DESA Population Division, and the UNHCR. Relying on quantitative and qualitative approaches to emigration flows from Russia in 1990—2019 the authors identified three periods of emigration that differ in the determinants of emigration, the emigration potential of the population, the main categories of emigrants, the structure of outflows, and the directions of emigration. The analysis of the transformation of “push” factors was an important part of the study. The list of such factors has shown a shift towards reducing the spectrum and increasing the influence of economically determined causes of emigration. The study revealed that the characteristics of each period are inextricably linked to the historical context. The transition from one period to another occurred due to socio-economic and political changes in Russia. To analyze the impact of emigration on the demographic and socio-economic development of Russia, special attention was paid to the qualitative features of migration flows. The results of the study have a practical focus and can be used to improve migration legislation and policy in relation to compatriots living abroad. A necessary condition for implementing an effective migration policy in Russia can be considered its connection with the strategy of sustainable development based on an understanding of the global development goal.

Towards the development of the information system for the long-term planning of infrastructure in the Artic zone of the Russian Federation in the context of climate change

The article presents the rationale for the creation of an information system for long-term planning of infrastructure development in the Arctic in the context of global climate change. The system will be focused on supporting decision-making in the interests of the effective infrastructure development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation - the country’s key macro-region, which plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of Russia.

СОКРАЩЕНИЕ БЕДНОСТИ В РОССИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕЛЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article examines the phenomenon of Russian poverty, its current state and dynamics. Poverty has become a major hindrance to the development of human capital by limiting access to development resources, such as quality health care, education, worthy wages, and successful socialization of children and youth. Although in Russia there is a wide range of strategic development documents prioritizing the improvement of the quality of life, poverty has long remained a persistent problem in the country and a threat to its security. Our research hypothesis is that the lack of an effective antipoverty policy determines the stagnant nature of poverty and the failure of certain financial measures to address this problem. To test the research hypothesis empirically, we explore strategic documents of socio-economic development in Russia and analyze the relevant indicators characterizing the current state and dynamics of poverty in 2010–2018. Our research relies on the official data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). We also consider poverty theories and antipoverty measures of different countries as well as the Russian retrospective data to show the need for an efficient antipoverty policy and to identify its priorities.

Institutional aspects of development of regional PPP Projects

The relevance of research into institutional aspects of public-private partnership (PPP) is evidenced by the continuously increasing role of research-and-technology, information technology, territorial and socioeconomic factors of influence on the development and implementation of regional PPP projects aimed at improving social welfare and accelerating the rate of socioeconomic development of Russia’s regions. Systemic impact of technical, technological, territorial and socioeconomic factors stipulates the need for the development of institutional environment of PPPs, which implies taking measures for protecting private investments and interests of private investors. This impact also predetermines the necessity to improve the currently existing institutional models of informational-legal base that ensure integration processes of managing PPP projects, with taking into consideration of regional differences and excess investment risks. In this regard, the present paper is aimed at detecting problems of development of PPP’s institutional environment at the regional level. The solution of these problems will allow elaborating models of institutional environment having integrated legal and regulatory framework, transparent and intelligible procedures and standing orders that are necessary when implementing complex socioeconomic projects of public importance for the development of regions. The authors of the paper have defined the role of institutional environment of public-private partnership (PPP) and municipal public-private partnership (MPPP) in the development of a region. The paper provides the results of generalized analysis of factors of development of institutional environment and regulatory-legal framework at the regional level. There were defined problems entailing the performance risks concerning the support of regional projects by public partners and risks of integrated models of interagency interaction at the stages of elaboration, selection and making decisions on implementing PPP and MPPP projects, performing measures of control, maintenance, monitoring and maintaining a register of PPP projects. The results of the research given in the paper are of applied importance for both academicians and practical workers, especially in using the assessments of a development level of institutional environment and legal framework when preparing or implementing projects on improving a region.