Socioeconomic Survey Research Articles

RWD22 Economic Burden of Moderate and Severe Hemophilia A and B in Spain, Real-World Evidence Insights from the Cost of Hemophilia in Europe: A Socio-Economic Survey II (CHESS II) Study

RWD22 Economic Burden of Moderate and Severe Hemophilia A and B in Spain, Real-World Evidence Insights from the Cost of Hemophilia in Europe: A Socio-Economic Survey II (CHESS II) Study

Diagnosing Poverty Eradication Through Literacy: Analysis from Indonesia National Socioeconomic Survey

Literacy can be interpreted as a tool for the development of global society. However, the low literacy rate in Indonesia obstructs the quality of human resource improvement in education. Based on data from the PISA (2019), Indonesia is ranked 62nd in the literacy level from 70 countries. Quality of education is one of the economical ways to reduce the illiteracy that is interrelated to poverty. A question arises as to whether literacy-based cognitive abilities can reduce poverty . Previous studies on education for poverty eradication were limited to the regular cognitive domain. This study attempts to fill that gap. A Probit regression model was used with the probability of becoming poor as the dependent variable. A set of literacy-based cognitive abilities, such as age, gender, education level, and geographical factor are used as explanatory variables. According to 2019 National Socioeconomic Survey data, the analysis indicated that literacy-based cognitive abilities have a significant negative impact on poverty. Literacy has often been limited to the ability to read, write, and perform basic arithmetic. In order people to function effectively in their communities, the government should put focus on education attainment that cultivates functional literacy. It refers to the practical skills needed to read, write, and perform math for real-life purposes.

Species diversity of socio-economic importance in the Kebe Block Forest, Cameroon: Local perceptions and conservation implications

Abstract. Inimbock SL, Chimi CD, Ngomeni AF, Enamba CY, Pouomogne YG, Caspa RG, Tsemo DC, Ngueguim EC, Yonga G, Noutanewo P, Misse CA, Mala WA. 2023. Species diversity of socio-economic importance in the Kebe Block Forest, Cameroon: Local perceptions and conservation implications. Asian J Ethnobiol 6: 155-162. Forest areas dedicated to research and education, such as the Kebe Block Forest (KBF), Cameroon, have a high plant diversity, some of which are of socio-economic importance to local populations. Knowing that the objectives of the KBF are well defined, this study aimed to identify forest plant species of socio-economic importance to the local populations living around the KBF. Also, this study aimed to propose strategies that reconcile the local population's well-being and the preservation of the KBF. Given the high dependence of local communities on the forest, a socio-economic survey was carried out in 51 households. Therefore, 40 species of socio-economic importance were found, and six products and services, namely food, medicinal products, raw materials for handicrafts, edible caterpillar species, timber, and income generating, were identified. For 86% of the local people, the availability of these plant species has decreased significantly compared to 10 years ago; the main causes identified were illegal logging (32%) and agriculture (21%). According to occurrence frequency citation, Baillonella toxisperma Pierre (65%), Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill. (38%), and Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel (30%) were identified as the flagship socio-economic plant species that local people would like to introduce into their farms to ensure their sustainability. Identifying plant species of socio-economic importance, their availability, and their threats provides substantial information that could help the authorities manage the KBF to plan conservation activities better, considering the local population's well-being.

PROGRESS IN HEALTH COVERAGE AMONG INDONESIAN OLDER PEOPLE TOWARD THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION’S DECADE OF HEALTHY AGING 2021-2030

Introduction. Older people are associated with health decline and age-related disability. Person-centered integrated care is an action plan for the 'Decade of Healthy Aging 2021-2030' to ensure older people enjoy healthier lives. Purpose. To participate in the Decade movement, evidence of the progress in health coverage among Indonesians elderly from 2015 to 2022 should be presented. Methods. This study uses the 2015, 2020, and 2022 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) datasets with a sample of 94,326, 121,961, and 122,344 elderly aged 60 and over, respectively. Univariate analysis is used to determine the percentage of elderly utilizing outpatient treatment between 2015 and 2022. Results. The proportion of elderly without health insurance fell from approximately 45.4 percent in 2015 to 26.4 percent in 2015, and 26 percent in 2022. However, the proportion of older people with health insurance and a health problem but not seeking outpatient treatment rose from around 35.8 percent in 2015 to 45.2 percent in 2020, and 48.2 percent in 2022. Self-medication has been the highest prevalent reason for not utilizing outpatient treatment over time. Self-medication increased from about 57.5 percent in 2015 to 62.1 percent in 2020 and 73.9 percent in 2022. Only about 2.8 percent of the elderly did not utilize outpatient treatment in 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion. As self-medication was the most common reason, community awareness and collaboration with health care providers should be encouraged to carry out person-centered integrated treatment.

Energy poverty prediction in the United Kingdom: A machine learning approach

Energy poverty affects billions worldwide, including people in developed and developing countries. Identifying those living in energy poverty and implementing successful solutions require timely and detailed survey data, which can be costly, time-consuming, and difficult to obtain, particularly in rural areas. Through machine learning, this study investigates the possibility of identifying vulnerable households by combining satellite remote sensing with socioeconomic survey data in the UK. In doing so, this research develops a machine learning-based approach to predicting energy poverty in the UK using the low income low energy efficiency (LILEE) indicator derived from a combination of remote sensing and socioeconomic data. Data on energy consumption, building characteristics, household income, and other relevant variables at the local authority level are fused with geospatial satellite imagery. The findings indicate that a machine learning algorithm incorporating geographical and environmental information can predict approximately 83% of districts with significant energy poverty. This study contributes to the expanding body of research on energy poverty prediction and can help shape policy and decision-making for energy efficiency and social fairness in the UK and worldwide.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Siswi SMA Negeri I Halong Kabupaten Balangan Tentang Pernikahan Dini

According to UNICEF, early marriage is marriage performed on adolescents who are less than 18 years old. Marriages that take place under the age of 18 contravene the rights to education, pleasure, health and freedom of expression. Low knowledge of adolescents about early marriage is a problem for adolescents in the incidence of early marriage. Data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2020 recorded that 1 in 9 women aged 20-24 years married while still a child and South Kalimantan was ranked first in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to find out the picture of knowledge of students of SMA Negeri I Halong, Balangan Regency about Early Marriage. The research method used a descriptive survey, with the sampling used was a total sampling of 48 class X and XI students. The results of the study of students of SMA Negeri I Halong who had good knowledge about early marriage were 16 people (33.33%), enough knowledge 26 people (54.16%) and less than 6 people (12.5%). The conclusion of this study is an overview of the level of knowledge of female students of SMA Negeri I Halong about early marriage respondents from 48 moderately knowledgeable.

Increasing young women's knowledge of early marriage issues through audiovisual media intervention

Each year, approximately 12 million girls worldwide enter into marriage before reaching the age of 18. In East Kalimantan Province, data from the 2020 National Socio-Economic Survey revealed that 11.54% of women aged 20-24 had experienced early marriage, surpassing Indonesia's average. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of audiovisual and printed health education media in enhancing the knowledge of young women about early marriage. A quasi-experimental approach was adopted, involving 32 young women aged 15-18 from a public high school in Borneo. The study measured the knowledge change in young women and their parents through questionnaires. Data analysis consisted of descriptive and inferential procedures, including normality tests, homogeneity tests, paired t tests, and analysis of variance tests. The findings demonstrated that audiovisual media significantly improved young women's awareness of early marriage (p<0.005). The study encourages midwives and healthcare professionals to employ effective health education media, particularly audiovisual tools, in educational settings to combat early marriage practices.

Paving the way out of destitution: Does resilience capacity matter? Panel data evidence from rural Ethiopia

This paper examines the effect of shocks on destitution, vulnerability to destitution, and its dynamics and how resilience mediates the relationship between shocks and destitution based on three waves of the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey and applying econometric models. Alkire and Foster's intensity approach and the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis approach were employed to compute the destitution and resilience indices. The findings show that destitution and households vulnerable to becoming destitute have increased over time due to concurrent and recurrent exposure to shocks. The result also reveals that the distribution of the destitute exhibits a distinct spatial heterogeneity among regions more vulnerable, tending to have many destitute. We also find a genuine state dependence on destitution. Therefore, a destitute in the preceding year is more likely to be destitute in the subsequent years. The econometric results confirm that enhancing the rural non-farm economy and investing in irrigation, market, and road infrastructure have a role in reducing destitution. However, shocks, land fragmentation, loans, female headship, and dependency ratio put households at the most significant risk of destitution. Results also show that commercialization and literacy reduce destitution. Building resilience capacity also emerged as the vital mediator in escaping destitution in the presence of shocks. The spatial disparity highlights the need for strategies designed using a territorial approach. Critical for policy uptake, the findings suggest putting in place coherent preemptive and redemptive policies to have a far-reaching impact on reducing destitution and vulnerability.

Climbing up the ladder: Households' fuel choice transition for lighting in Ethiopia

Empirical evidence on households' fuel choices for lighting is lacking in literature in developing countries. We use the World Bank's socioeconomic survey data to study households' lighting choices in Ethiopia. Using a panel multinomial logit model, we investigate the determinants of households' lighting choices and the transition to cleaner fuel sources. In addition, we use a recent cross-sectional survey to complement the results of the panel data. We find that the energy ladder characterizes the households' fuel choices for lighting. As income increases, the probability of households choosing cleaner fuel sources also increases. We also found that education, fuel prices, and location significantly affect fuel choices for lighting. In addition, there is a significant percentage of fuel transition probabilities across different households. Households' education levels and higher incomes facilitate a transition to modern fuel sources. Investments in education increase households' productivity and incomes which will enable their faster and more general transition to cleaner fuels.

ELDERLY AND HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN INDONESIA

Ensuring quality health coverage for all, especially for older people, is one of the SDGs goals to be achieved. Goal 3 with target 3.8 on universal health coverage (UHC), emphasizes the importance of all people having access to quality health services without the risk of financial hardship. This study aimed to determine the coverage of the National Health Insurance (NHI) and factors related to the ownership of NHI among elderly people in Indonesia. Data from the 2020 National Socio-Economic Survey was used to analyze 121,961 elderly people aged 60 years and above across all provinces in Indonesia. The variables studied included socio-demographic variables, economic status, and health status of the elderly. A chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between NHI ownership status and the independent variables. The results showed that most of the elderly were aged 60-69 years, had low education, and lived in rural areas. NHI coverage for the elderly in Indonesia is already good, although there are still high disparities in some regions. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that the NHI ownership status of the elderly has a significant relationship with age, place of residence, education level, and wealth status. Efforts to expand the reach of NHI for the elderly should be increased as one of the strategies in realizing the SDGs targets.

The Probability of Socioeconomic Status and Demographics Effect on Birth Weight Babies

Low Birth Weight (LBW) can lead to stunting and the impact of stunting in long term. Socioeconomic status and demographic factors can be a cause of baby’s low birth weight. The study aims to analyze the probability of a household giving birth to a baby with low birth weight. The data used in the research uses data from the 2021 National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas). The model used in this study is a logit model with a total of 2,203,472. The result shows poor households, household partners with low education, and household members who smoke have a significantly lower probability of giving birth to normal baby’s weight Meanwhile, households who work in the formal sector and live in urban areas have a significantly higher probability of giving birth to normal-weight babies. Households with a good socioeconomic status will provide optimal nutrition. Households in urban areas still have a better level of health than those in rural areas and households that do not smoke will give birth to healthier babies with normal weight.

Multidimensional and monetary poverty in South Sulawesi Province

The objective of this study is calculate and analyze multidimensional poverty occurred in South Sulawesi in 2011 and 2015, and looking at the comparison calculation results multidimensional poverty and monetary (based on expenditure per capita per month) that occurred in South Sulawesi in 2011 and 2015. This study uses secondary data sources from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional-Susenas) in 2011 and 2015 which have been implemented by Statistics South Sulawesi province to the identification and aggregation of multidimensional poverty. Dimensions, indicators/variables, cuttoff and weights used is based upon the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index with some adjustments at the indicators used. While monetary poverty data source is the official poverty statistic released. The results of this study indicate that (1) multidimensional poverty in South Sulawesi Province is a rural phenomenon as indicated by the three indicators of multidimensional poverty is higher than urban; (2) The dimensions of health is the largest contributor of multidimensional poverty in South Sulawesi; (3) Monetary Poverty create a different description from non-monetary dimensions, the entire district/city in South Sulawesi have the results of multidimensional poverty which higher than the monetary poverty; (4) The decline in the percentage of poor monetary occurred during the years 2011-2015 in the province was followed by a decrease in the percentage of poor multidimensional with a faster decline; (5) Spatially recorded 22 districts/cities in South Sulawesi are in the poor category multidimensional high and very high in 2011, in 2015 only 14 districts were still at that level.

THE EFFECT OF PARTICIPATION IN JKN ON UNMET NEEDS FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Background: The National Health Insurance or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) program is one of the steps taken by the Indonesian government in developing Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, increased participation in the National Health Insurance is not followed by an increase in met needs for healthcare services. Aims: This study aimed to examine the effect of participation in the National Health Insurance on unmet needs for healthcare services in poor and non-poor population groups. Methods: This study used data from the 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey/ Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) and Village Potential Survey/ Survei Potensi Desa (PODES). Data were processed using binary logistic model analysis to identify the effect of participation in the National Health Insurance on the unmet needs for healthcare services. Results: Participation in the National Health Insurance, including beneficiary program for poor groups could reduce the risks of unmet needs for healthcare services by 7.7%, while non-beneficiary program could reduce the risks of unmet needs for health services for non-poor groups by 10.4%. Conclusion: Both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries affect the unmet needs for health services for both poor and non-poor groups. However, the non-beneficiary program is more elastic than beneficiary program to fulfill needs for both sample groups. Keywords: Healthcare services, national health insurance, logit, unmet need

Socioeconomic and Demographic Causes of Crime Reporting in Indonesia

Studies on the nexus between socioeconomic and demographic factors and crime reporting are still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic and demographic causes of crime reporting in Indonesia using data from the results of the 2021 National Socioeconomic Survey. The data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. The unit of analysis was the population aged 15 years and older. The dependent variable was whether or not someone who experienced a crime reported it to the police. The independent variables were socioeconomic and demographic factors. The results of the study showed that a lower probability of reporting crime to the police was associated with being female, being younger, having higher educational attainment, living in urban areas, living in Java island, and working, implying the need to improve information, education, and communication on crime reporting among these groups.JEL Classification: A12, J19, K00, K39How to Cite:Rajagukguk, W. (2023). Socioeconomic and Demographic Causes of Crime Reporting in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 413-424. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.33436.

Does Financial Inclusion Affect Health Among Older Adults? Evidence from Indonesia

While financial inclusion is widely acknowledged as a means to enhance the welfare of all ages, currently, there is no empirical research examining its effects on the health of older adults in Indonesia. This study, therefore, aims to fill the gap by investigating the impact of financial inclusion on the health of older adults in Indonesia using data from the March 2021 National SocioEconomic Survey (SUSENAS). The binary logistics regression was used to assess that effect. The findings reveal that financial inclusion positively benefits the health of older adults in Indonesia, highlighting the importance of policy-making that promotes financial inclusion programs to improve the health outcomes of older adults.JEL Classification: G2, I1, C31How to Cite:Abdurrahman, A., & Haryanto, T. (2023). Does Financial Inclusion Affect Health among Older Adults? Evidence from Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 327-340. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.32001

Pemodelan Tingkat Kerawanan Pangan Rumah Tangga di Indonesia Tahun 2021 dengan Pendekatan Regresi Logistik Ordinal

<p class="AbstractEnglish">Until 2021, Indonesia has succeeded in reducing the prevalence rate of the population with moderate or severe food insecurity. But on the other hand, Indonesia's Global Food Security Index (GFSI) score which has declined in the last three years shows that Indonesia's food security is getting weaker in various aspects. The condition of food security that begins to weaken can trigger food insecurity. Food insecurity that can have an impact on health, nutrition and health system problems is a national health problem that needs attention. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of household food insecurity and the variables that influence it. This study uses The National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) March 2021 data which was analyzed using partial proportional odds model (PPOM) ordinal logistics regression method. In general, the results show that variables area of residence, gender, age, education, business field, number of household members, residence ownership status, and per capita expenditure affect the level of household food insecurity in Indonesia in 2021.</p><p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>: </strong>food insecurity; ordinal logistic regression; PPOM</p>

Demographic and economic correlates of health security in West Sumatra province - Indonesia

Objectives: Access to health insurances could indicate the degree of health security among communities. Indonesia made a commitment to attain universal health insurance coverage by the end of 2019. However, until today it has not reached the goal of 100% coverage. Therefore, there is a need to portray the demographic and economic correlates of health insurance coverage in an area to improve health security achievement. Methods: This secondary analysis was based on the 2017 Indonesian national socio-economic survey conducted in the West Sumatra province. Multivariable models using logistic regression were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for being uninsured. Results: The results showed that health security, in terms of insurance coverage, was influenced by demographic and economic factors. Young and middle-aged individuals were more likely to be uninsured than older ones (OR = 1.49 and OR = 1.21, respectively). People from a lower educated family, or with lower consumption per capita have higher risk of being uninsured (OR = 3.00 and OR = 1.26, respectively). Conclusion: Insurance coverage was influenced by demographic and economic factors. Policymakers should consider demographic and economic factors related to the implementation of universal health coverage. Campaign about the importance of universal health coverage should reach all citizens.

Hardship financing, productivity loss, and the economic cost of illness and injury in Cambodia

BackgroundFinancial risk protection is a core dimension of universal health coverage. Hardship financing, defined as borrowing and selling land or assets to pay for healthcare, is a measure of last recourse. Increasing indebtedness and high interest rates, particularly among unregulated money lenders, can lead to a vicious cycle of poverty and exacerbate inequity.MethodsTo inform efforts to improve Cambodia’s social health protection system we analyze 2019–2020 Cambodia Socio-economic Survey data to assess hardship financing, illness and injury related productivity loss, and estimate related economic impacts. We apply two-stage Instrumental Variable multiple regression to address endogeneity relating to net income. In addition, we calculate a direct economic measure to facilitate the regular monitoring and reporting on the devastating burden of excessive out-of-pocket expenditure for policy makers.ResultsMore than 98,500 households or 2.7% of the total population resorted to hardship financing over the past year. Factors significantly increasing risk are higher out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures, illness or injury related productivity loss, and spending of savings. The economic burden from annual lost productivity from illness or injury amounts to US$ 459.9 million or 1.7% of GDP. The estimated household economic cost related to hardship financing is US$ 250.8 million or 0.9% of GDP.ConclusionsSuch losses can be mitigated with policy measures such as linking a catastrophic health coverage mechanism to the Health Equity Funds, capping interest rates on health-related loans, and using loan guarantees to incentivize microfinance institutions and banks to refinance health-related, high-interest loans from money lenders. These measures could strengthen social health protection by enhancing financial risk protection, mitigating vulnerability to the devastating economic effects of health shocks, and reducing inequities.

Predicting spatio-temporal land use / land cover changes and their drivers forces based on a cellular automated Markov model in Ibb City, Yemen

Land use / land cover (LULC) change profoundly impacts regional natural, economic, and ecological development; However, no study has been conducted to classify LULC changes in Ibb city using high-resolution satellite images. This study aims to evaluate and predict LULC changes and their driving forces in Ibb city, the tourist capital of Yemen. In this study, an integrated cellular automata and Markov chain (CA-Markov) model were implemented to analyze the spatio-temporal trends of Ibb city. Meanwhile, a socio-economic survey and key informant interviews were conducted to analyze the probable drivers of LULC change. Landsat (5, 7, and 8) data are used to analyze maps of LULC distributions for 1990, 2005, and 2020 at regular intervals. A CA–Markov model was employed to simulate long-term changes to the landscape at 15-year intervals from 2020 to 2050. Results indicate that the vegetation area decreased from 1760.4 km2 (33.2%) to 1371.7 km2 (27.8%). Meanwhile, barren land, grassland, and built-up areas increased from 3190.5 km2 (60.1%) to 3428.6 km2 (64.8%), from 336.0 km2 (6.3%) to 419.3 km2 (7.9%), and from 11.8 km2 (0.38%) to 76.2 km2 (1.42%), respectively. The CA-Markov model’s accuracy was validated by comparing simulated and actual LULC maps for 2020 using the land change modeler (LCM) of IDRISI-TerrSet software. The predicted LULC maps for 2035 and 2050 indicate that the vegetation area, grassland, and barren land showed decreasing trends, while the built-up area and waterbody showed increasing trends. These results provide valuable insights for tracking future LULC changes and are pivotal in guiding sustainable land use practices, striking a balance between conserving natural resources and advancing urban development projects in the future. HIGHLIGHTS Driving factors on land-cover transitions tend to be spatiotemporal scale-dependent. The study analyzed changes in LULC trends and their Proximate and Underlying drivers. Significant changes were observed between 1990 and 2020, and changes are expected by 2035 and 2050. The integration of the CA-Markov Model and GIS techniques successfully simulated spatiotemporal LULC changes. Fine-tuned analysis of driving forces is essential for planning and managing sustainable land use.

Farmer preference for marginal land use and their impact on soil quality

Changes in forest land use into dry lands have become a concern of the global community because of environmental damage. The research objectives were to determine land use priority for agricultural development and its impact on soil quality. The research was conducted in Baras District, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. The socio-economic survey was conducted using a focus group discussion technique. Stratified soil surveys were carried out on priority land uses. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of soil was carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako. Support for the development of farmer institutions, ease of product marketing, financial benefits for farming, and the availability of quality seeds are the dominant factors influencing people’s preference for the priority of developing oil palm farming. Respectively, Soil quality indexes in oil palm blocks aged 3 years, 6 years, and 24 years were 0.5584 (moderate), 0.3072 (slightly poor), and 0.4362 (moderate). Soil quality decreased early in plant growth up to 6 years of age, but improved with effective soil organic carbon management up to 24 years of age.