Socio-economic Situation Research Articles

Health behavior of Computer Sciences Faculty students

The central problem for almost all countries in the world is preservation and strengthening of health. Nowadays, the health of the nation is considered as an indicator of the country’s civilization, which reflects the socio-economic situation in the society. A healthy lifestyle is a self-created system that will protect a person from risks in the process of active life and especially during education. The strategic goal for modern education is the formation of professionally competent and competitive specialist, whose personal qualities are determined not only by a person’s professional characteristics, but also by own lifestyle. Studentship is an independent social group that has always been the object of special attention. Due to the uniqueness of modern student life, especially students of the Computer Science Faculty, it is important to multifacetedly research and discover the relationship to own health. The study was performed at the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv. It was attended by 16 students aged 18-20, the second course (students of the Computer Science Faculty). All students were classified in the main medical group. To collect empirical data, we chose the questionnaire "Attitude to health", authored by R.A. Berezovs’ka. The questionnaire contains 10 questions (9 closed and 1 open). In the research, respondents were asked only closed questions. Each question corresponds to a set of statements-answers with which the respondent can agree, disagree or partially agree. Each statement was rated according to the degree of agreement on the scale. Taking into account the conclusions, it should be noted that in the education process, students should be taught to use a comprehensive motivations diagnosis and the healthy lifestyle basics, which will have a positive effect on all spheres of everyday life.

SPAIN: AT THE START OF THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN – 2023

The article analyzes the domestic political and economic results of 2022 in Spain on the eve of the start of the campaign for elections to local and autonomous authorities, as well as to the national parliament of the country. The stabilization of the socio-economic situation became possible in the context of unprecedented financial assistance from the European Union, as well as thanks to the active policy of social interventionism of the center-left government of Spain. Despite the relative internal political stability against the background of negative processes in the leading EU countries, there is no guarantee of maintaining positive dynamics in the economy and social sphere due to the country’s excessive dependence on the economic conjuncture of the European Union. The situation is aggravated by the persistence of the general crisis of the Spanish political system, which has developed because of the compromises of the post-Franco democratic transit period. Against the background of a complex and contradictory situation with the alignment of domestic political forces, the leading Spanish parties have actually come to a consensus in the field of foreign policy based on unconditional loyalty to the common line of the West. This position of the country’s leading parties contradicts the ideas about the national interests of Spain, formed by a significant part of the electorate, both left and right wing. Taking into account the real domestic political and economic situation, as well as due to the weak influence of the foreign policy factor on the Spanish electorate, the author concludes that following the results of the 2023 election campaign in Spain, no political party in the country will be able to form a stable parliamentary majority. Thus, the situation of increasing domestic political instability seems to be real, which could open the way to national politics for new forces capable of reorienting the country’s foreign policy in accordance with the sentiments of a significant part of Spanish voters.

Складові якості життя паліативного пацієнта. Якість життя осіб похилого та старечого віку

In most of the post-industrial countries of the world, profound demographic and social changes are taking place, consisting in the aging of the population with a significant accumulation of elderly and senile people in the populations. This leads to significant shifts in the structure of morbidity and mortality, especially among the elderly and senile persons. The epidemiology of morbidity and mortality among these patients already today imposes complex organizational and financial problems on all national health systems of the countries concerned. In this regard, the concept of «quality of life» is becoming increasingly important and is used in the formation of medical, social policy and their solution to the problems of human adaptation to living conditions, have changed with aging and the appearance of incurable diseases inherent in old age. Thus, the quality of life can be considered as an integral indicator reflecting the degree of adaptation of a person to a disease and the ability to perform its inherent functions in accordance with its socio-economic situation. Assessment of the quality of life is based on a wide range of quality of life criteria developed by WHO, such as physical, psychological, level of independence, life in society, environment, spirituality. The main component of the concept of quality of life for the elderly is the availability of medical and social assistance, which provides for the implementation of treatment and prophylactic measures to maintain optimal physical, psychological and social comfort. A feature of the study of the quality of life of elderly patients is that in most cases the same tools are used as for other age groups. In general, the study of the quality of life of older people is of interest to modern science, and is of great practical importance. The data obtained can be used to select the optimal drugs and regimens for the treatment of patients, which would improve their quality of life. In addition, this would contribute to a more targeted use of material resources and an increase in the psychological and socio-economic condition of their family members. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

MARKETING TOOLS IN THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The modern market is characterized by increasing saturation of the market space with information, increasing its significance and value. In these conditions, the processes of formation of consumer demand and preferences are significantly complicated, as well as performing the marketing influence on them. An effective marketing policy is designed not only to provide the consumer with the necessary knowledge about the characteristics and quality of goods and services, the terms of concluding agreements, the features of a competitive offer, but also to arouse the affection of buyers, to create an atmosphere of emotional mutual understanding, goodwill and trust between the manufacturer and consumers, society. This problem becomes especially important in the conditions of the modern socio-economic situation. The necessity of using marketing in the activity of an enterprise is substantiated in the paper. The content of marketing in the enterprise management system is investigated. Directions for implementing the concept of marketing management through the practical implementation of an integrated enterprise management system based on marketing are proposed.

Malnutrition and its association with intellectual coefficient in children from a school in Seville de oro. Province of Azuay, Ecuador, 2023

Introduction: in Ecuador, malnutrition is considered a public health problem because it affects approximately one out of every four children. This figure increases in the Inter-Andean region since it is influenced by the socioeconomic situation or the diet, causing problems in cognitive development as it compromises one´s intelligence quotient. Objective: determine malnutrition and its association with intelligence quotient in 6-to-10-year-old schoolchildren from two rural schools in Sevilla de Oro Canton in Azuay Province, Ecuador. Methodology: this was an observational, analytic, cross-sectional study. One hundred and nineteen 6-to-10-year-old children were used as a sample, the children being selected via stratified random sampling. The parameters of the World Health Organization for weight and size were used, which determined the body mass index for its location in the respective percentile. To assess the intelligence quotient, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) was applied. Results: 7,6 % of the population under study had malnutrition, 63,9 % of which were below average as regards the intelligence quotient. The statistical association test was square chi, with a P value of 0,856. Conclusions: No statistically significant association existed between malnutrition and an intelligence quotient below average

Analysis and Evaluation of Dental Caries in a Mexican Population: A Descriptive Transversal Study.

A cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 552 individuals who underwent a complete cariogenic clinical examination in different populations of the state of Yucatan. All individuals were evaluated after providing informed consent and with the consent of their legal guardians for those under legal age. We used the caries measurement methods described by the World Health Organization (WHO). Prevalence of caries, DMFT, and dft indexes were measured. Other aspects were also studied, such as oral habits and the use of public or private dental services. The prevalence of caries in permanent dentition was 84%. Moreover, it was found to be statistically related to the following variables: place of residence, socioeconomic level, gender, and level of education (p < 0.05). For primary teeth, the prevalence was 64% and there was no statistical relation with any of the variables studied (p > 0.05). Regarding the other aspects studied, more than 50% of the sample used private dental services. There is a high need for dental treatment in the population studied. It is necessary to develop prevention and treatment strategies considering the particularities of each population, driving collaborative projects to promote better oral health conditions in disadvantaged populations.

Ways to increase the competitiveness of territorial communities in the process of the country’s recovery in the post-war period

The article analyzes the situation and conditions in territorial communities and regions during the martial law regime introduced in Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Local governments have several tasks to perform, including ensuring the population’s sustenance, regulating the migration processes of internally displaced citizens, and supporting the activities of enterprises that were forced to relocate, considering the economic and demographic imbalances in Ukraine against the backdrop of decreasing financial capabilities and increasing budgetary needs. The article aims to study the main components of increasing the competitiveness of territorial communities in the country’s recovery in the post-war period. To determine the competitive advantages of communities and regions, the authors propose methods of in-depth analysis of the current socio-economic situation, considering current challenges and factors influencing development. The importance of implementing the government-developed Post-War Recovery Plan for Ukraine, which covers all regions of the country, is emphasized. The article highlights the need to establish tourism clusters in Zakarpatska oblast, as tourism is critical for the region, and it has a considerable capacity for interregional and cross-border cooperation, which opens new prospects in the context of Ukraine’s possible accession to the EU. Strengthening the position of territorial communities at the national, regional, and international levels requires the efficient use of resources and internal capabilities, given the new challenges posed by russia’s military invasion of Ukraine. Today’s world requires a focused approach to community planning and development, considering the needs of IDPs, providing conditions for the operation of businesses relocated due to the conflict, and finding harmonious solutions to achieve the strategic goals of communities considering current realities. Keywords: the comprehensive plan of the spatial development of the territory, enterprise relocation, strategic management, strategic development plan, socio-economic development, concept of integrated development of the territory, territorial communities, competitiveness.

Areas of improvement in the medical care of SMA: evidence from a nationwide patient registry in Germany

BackgroundManagement and treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has changed in recent years due to the introduction of novel transformative and potentially curative therapies resulting in the emergence of new disease phenotypes. Yet, little is known about the uptake and impact of these therapies in real-world clinical practice. The objective of this study was to describe current motor function, need of assistive devices, and therapeutic and supportive interventions provided by the healthcare system, as well as the socioeconomic situation of children and adults with different SMA phenotypes in Germany. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study of German patients with genetically confirmed SMA identified and recruited via a nationwide SMA patient registry (www.sma-register.de) within the TREAT-NMD network. Study data was recorded directly from patient-caregiver pairs through a study questionnaire administered online via a dedicated study website.ResultsThe final study cohort consisted of 107 patients with SMA. Of these, 24 were children and 83 adults. In total, about 78% of all participants were taking medication for SMA (predominantly nusinersen and risdiplam). All children with SMA1 were able to sit and 27% of children with SMA2 were able to stand or walk. Impaired upper limb function, scoliosis and bulbar dysfunction were observed more frequently in patients with reduced lower limb performance. Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, as well as the use of cough assists were less common than indicated by care guidelines. Family planning and educational and employment status appear to be related to motor skill impairment.ConclusionsWe show that the natural history of disease has changed in Germany following improvements in SMA care and the introduction of novel therapies. Yet, a non-trivial proportion of patients remain untreated. We also identified considerable limitations in rehabilitation and respiratory care, as well as low labour-market participation among adults with SMA, calling for action to improve the current situation.

Main organizational and managerial ways to improve educational activities in the context of destabilization of the political and socio-economic situation

In the context of destabilization of the political and socio-economic situation, the issue of changes in the forms of the educational process is becoming more relevant. Based on the analysis of the main shortcomings of the Bologna system, conclusions about the need to change it were drawn. Taking into account the negative trends that have developed in education, the author proposes the main directions and ways to improve the educational process.

Combining environmental and socioeconomic data to understand determinants of conflicts in Colombia.

Conflicts cause immense human suffering, violate human rights, and affect people's stability. Colombia is affected for decades by a high level of armed conflicts and violence. The political and socio-economic situation, drug trafficking in the Colombian economy, and natural disasters events affect the country and foster general violence. In this work, we aim to evaluate the role of the socioeconomic, political, financial, and environmental determinants of conflicts in the Colombian context. To achieve these aims, we apply a spatial analysis to explore patterns and identify areas that suffer from high levels of conflict. We investigate the role of determinants and their relationship with conflicts through spatial regression models. In this study, we do not consider only the entire Colombian territory, but we extend the analysis to a restricted area (Norte de Santander department) to explore the phenomena locally. Our findings indicate a possible diffusion process of conflicts and the presence of spillover effects among regions by comparing the two most known spatial regression models. As regards possible key drivers of conflicts, our results show that surprisingly socioeconomic variables present very little relationship with conflicts, while natural disasters and cocaine areas show a relevant impact on them. Despite some variables seeming to be the more informative to explain the process globally, they highlight a strong relationship for only a few specific areas while considering a local analysis. This result proves the importance of moving to a local investigation to strengthen our understanding and bring out additional interesting information. Our work emphasizes how the identification of key drivers of violence is crucial to have evidence to inform subnational governments and to support the decision-making policies that could assess targeted policy options.

Benefit From a Humanitarian Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery Program Over a 10-Year Period.

Background: The charity organization Kinderherzen retten e.V. (KHR) enables humanitarian congenital heart surgery for pediatric patients from low- and middle-income countries at the University Heart Center Freiburg, Germany. The aim of this study was to assess periprocedural and mid-term outcomes of these patients for evaluation of KHR sustainability. Methods: Part one of the study comprised retrospective medical chart analyses of the periprocedural course of all KHR-treated children from 2008 to 2017, and part two a prospective evaluation of their mid-term outcome, assessed by questionnaires concerning survival, medical history, mental and physical development, and socioeconomic situation. Results: Of the 100 consecutively presented children from 20 countries (median age 3.25 years), 3 patients were not invasively treatable, 89 underwent cardiovascular surgery, and 8 received a catheter intervention only. There were no periprocedural deaths. Median postoperative duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care stay, and total hospital stay was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 4-21) hours, 2 (IQR 1-3) days, and 12 (IQR 10-16) days, respectively. Mid-term postoperative follow-up demonstrated a 5-year survival probability of 94.4%. The majority of patients received continued medical care in their home country (86.2% of patients), were in good mental and physical condition (96.5% and 94.7% of patients, respectively), and able to engage in age-appropriate education/employment (98.3% of patients). Conclusions: Cardiac, neurodevelopmental, and socioeconomic outcomes of patients treated via KHR was satisfactory. Thorough pre-visit evaluation and close contact with local physicians are crucial when providing this high-quality, sustainable, and viable therapeutic option for these patients.

Development of the Ambulance 3.0 platform application

The article examines the application of the platform approach to solving the problem of optimizing the work of emergency medical services in the city of Yekaterinburg with a population of over a million. This project is especially relevant due to the ambulance operators and crews’ heavy workload associated with seasonal increases in the morbidity rate, the COVID-19 pandemic and other crisis situations. The goal of the study is to solve the aforementioned problems by means of developing a highly specialized but also functional service as well as ensure the possibility of using it in the post-pandemic era. The author of the article points out that current realities make it especially important to create such application because while relevant Russian studies do not pay proper attention to emergency medical services issues, the use of foreign counterparts is not possible for various reasons, including that of the large amount of confidential data that require processing. It is expected that in case the technical and software parts of the project are implemented successfully, the application described in the study will allow to achieve all the objectives set and ensure the improvement of the socio-economic situation of Yekaterinburg.

History of the origin and development of the trade union movement in Ukraine

The article considers the influence of various factors on the state of the trade union movement in Ukraine. The place and role of trade unions in the socio-political life of Ukraine, changes in the strategy and tactics of Ukrainian trade unions in accordance with the political and socio-economic situation in Ukraine are determined. Peculiarities of development of legislation on trade unions on the territory of Ukraine taking into account the political and legal system of a historical period are considered. The article pays special attention to the stages of formation and genesis of the trade union movement on the modern territory of Ukraine, which includes:the first stage—the emergence of the trade union movement on the territory of modern Ukraine; the second stage—the development of the trade union movement in the tsarist period of the Russian Empire;the third stage—trade union movement during the Soviet regime; the fourth stage—trade unions during independence of Ukraine.A number of theoretical conceptions, generalizations and authors’ conclusions are formulated allowing us to comprehensively assess the role and activity of the trade unions of Ukraine, their influence on the economic and social policy.

Research of problems and prospects of development of public control in the information and communication space

The article is devoted to the study of problems and prospects of public control development in the information and communication space. An overview of studies in the interdisciplinary field of knowledge that are dedicated to potential threats in public political discourse affecting the consciousness of social groups is provided. The degree of elaboration regarding the issues facing the implementation of public control processes in the public administration system is assessed. The main issues facing the implementation of public control in information and communication networks are identified. It is substantiated that in the long term, intelligent systems will become a fundamental part of the communication flows analysis system. Based on the research conducted, a model of public control has been developed and tested in relation to the results of monitoring the provision of quality education. The study has established the strategic importance and advantage of using intelligent semantic analysis systems for the implementation of public control. It has been identified that fabricated information is not influenced by territorial affiliation. The object for which manipulation is intended and the target that affects the object by direct or indirect means, depending on the influence factors and the current socio-economic situation of the target subjects, are of primary importance. The author stresses that the study of specifics of the implementation of state policy in the public control system in conjunction with the assessment of municipal specifics is relevant and will serve further implementation of a decentralized system of public control. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is made about the potential role of the state in the information and communication environment in the following years.

Socio-economic prerequisites for sustainable development of radioactively contaminated territories in Ukrainian Polissia

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of retrospective prerequisites for the restoration of radioactively contaminated lands in Ukrainian Polissia on the basis of sustainable development principles. The research methodology is based on a systemic approach, which involves the use of modern and classical scientific methods: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis of data); retrospective and comparative analysis (identification of cause-and-effect relationships); analytical-synthetic (study of scientific and statistical data, archival materials, legislative and founding documents, etc.); mathematical (mathematical processing of obtained results). The research is based on official statistical data from the main statistical offices in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne, and Chernihiv regions. The aim of the study was to outline the socio-economic prerequisites for sustainable development of radioactive contaminated territories in Ukrainian Polissia. The study analyzed the state of economic development in Ukrainian Polissia, including the agricultural and forestry sectors, as well as the social component as a factor and indicator of sustainable regional development. Additionally, the study analyzed the housing conditions and income level of the population in the radioactive contaminated territories of Ukrainian Polissia. It has been established that the ecological factor has a significant impact on the socio-economic situation in Ukrainian Polissia, particularly when analyzing the impact of the radiological factor. The study shows that despite the leading positions of the agricultural and forestry sectors in the region, they have not been able to fully recover after the Chornobyl disaster and the post-Soviet economic crisis, which has led to negative social consequences. To address existing problems, the state employment policy should be focused primarily on preventing crisis situations and stimulating the return of migrants. Additionally, reform of economic specialization should be envisaged, taking into account regional specificities and introducing innovative technologies and solutions that would enable the attraction of investments.

Immigrants, health, and the impact of COVID-19: A narrative review

While the COVID-19 pandemic has gravely challenged health systems globally, countries that host a large number of refugees are finding themselves even more burdened as providing preventive and curative services to refugees has proved to be a challenging task. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the impact COVID-19 pandemic on immigrants, and seek to understand how COVID-19 affects provision of health services, access to health care and the socioeconomic situation. Like any other health challenge, COVID-19 has also left migrants susceptible to adverse outcomes, both directly and indirectly. Several factors limit their ability to avoid infections, access healthcare, and cope with socio-psychological impacts. In addition, undocumented immigrants or people living on short-term visit visas do not have full access to healthcare services in most countries. It is evident that COVID-19 has also influenced these workers leaving them jobless or receiving low wages or no pay, hence, this has hugely impacted the remittance and economic situation in their country. Extending access to healthcare to the entire immigrant population, irrespective of their legal status, is the cornerstone of an effective response to counter the COVID-19 pandemic.

Socio-Economic Status of Kingariya

Analyzing the socioeconomic situation and current circumstances of the Kingariya community of Dalit Muslims in Puraini, Nepalgunj, was the goal of this study. They are a group of traditional dancers and cultural performers from the upper caste of Muslims. Muslims from the Dalit community work as wage laborers in agriculture and construction. Despite spending a lot of time in the Terai region of Nepal, they are poor and landless. The primary goal of this study is to examine the socioeconomic situation of the Kingariya community in Kingariyanpurwa, Puraini, in the Banke district. In this study, a descriptive and exploratory research design was used. The socioeconomic situation of the Kingariya people is generally described in chronological sequence in this study design. Both primary and secondary data are used in this investigation. Interviews were used to gather primary data from the field survey, while secondary data came from the Nepalgunj Sub-Metropolitan Office, private agencies, government offices, numerous research publications, and other pertinent literature and websites on the internet. The 26 Dalit Muslim households in this study area make up the study's target population. To determine the socioeconomic status of the dalit Muslim community, a purposeful sample technique was chosen. The small population of Dalit Muslims lives in Puraini, Nepalgunj. In the 56 total households for the household survey, there were 26 Kingariya households, or 50% of all households. The study's conclusion is that Muslims live in a socioeconomically deplorable situation. They are hardworking, straightforward, and illiterate, yet they are also poor. High cast has complete control over them in all aspect of life. The socioeconomic status of the Muslim population has had both positive and negative effects over time.

The The Land Cadastre in Italy and some fiscal implications: a case study

The Land Cadastre, as an inventory of all relevant real estate in a territory, and most importantly, as a national tax system is, or at least should be, the protagonist of fiscal, social and civil implications affecting the Italian context. According to unitary farmland incomes, the last revision dates back to 1978-1979, a period that no longer reflects the country’s current socioeconomic situation and does not consider the changes the land market has undergone over the years. Through the analysis of 183 purchases and sales of agricultural land in two districts in western Sicily, this research aims at verifying the adequacy or inadequacy of the current cadastral tariffs. Based on the prices surveyed and the cadastral farmland incomes, some indicators were constructed showing, on the one hand the absence of a strict correspondence between these two values and on the other hand the actual presence of fiscal inequality for all the crop qualities examined; and, consequently, the need for revising cadastral tariffs or for reforming tax system of Italian Cadastre by replacing tariffs with market values.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE URSYN-NEMTSEVICH FAMILY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

The article presents the results of a study of the position of the Ursyn-Nemtsevich (Ursyn-Niemcewicz) family in the 19th century. The author introduced into scientific circulation archival documents and memoirs that have not been published to date. The study revealed the main characteristics and periods of the socio-economic situation of the Ursyn-Nemtsevichs in this period. The issue of the property status of the family, which belongs to the category of large landowners, is analyzed. An additional emphasis in the article is placed on changes in the position of the Ursyn-Nemtsevichs after the uprising of 1830–1831, the consequences of which had a significant impact on the representatives of the clan. As one of the results of the study, a characteristic of the property status of the Ursyn-Nemtsevich family is presented, which gives a concrete idea of the features of large landownership in Belarus.

“Postantonovism” as a Special Stage in Development of Tambov Village (1921 — Mid-1920s)

The socio-political situation of the Tambov village in the last months of the Antonov uprising and in the period after its completion is studied. The conflict, which had formed by 1920, was not resolved and took the form of an armed struggle, created the conditions for the development of “social banditry”. By the second half of 1921, the village “recognized” the strength of the Bolsheviks, but still longed for freedom from harsh tax policies, mobilizations, etc. In 1923 there was a progressive “appeasement” of the peasantry. The development of “social banditry” into “criminal banditry” begins. The number of crimes “against the Soviet Republic and the order of government” is declining, and property crimes are beginning to predominate. This was due to the improvement in the socio-economic situation of the peasantry after the 1922 harvest. Several tens of thousands of Antonovites and their families, because of the death of relatives, because of their stay in concentration camps, because of conflict relations in their villages with their neighbors, felt the consequences of the uprising for a long time. At the other extreme were the families of the Bolsheviks and Soviet workers killed by the rebels, who found themselves in a difficult economic situation. Representatives of the opposing sides were in decline, the apotheosis of which was the famine of 1922. For the restoration of the destabilized local society, progressive steps were required on the part of the authorities.