Socioeconomic Scale Research Articles

Awareness and utilization of social welfare schemes among elderly villagers of Mahabubnagar rural region in Telangana State of India - An interventional study approach.

Demographic transition enhanced the proportion of geriatric population in India. Senior citizens experience progressive economic dependency for their daily survival. The Government of India provides economic assistance through social welfare schemes. However, inadequate awareness of schemes is the key reason for its low utilization. The present study was implemented to evaluate knowledge and utilization of social welfare schemes and also to assess the effect of educational intervention on awareness of elderly persons about welfare schemes. A community-based interventional study carried out from July to December 2022. A structured 'TIV intervention' comprised of 'Training module', 'Interactive sessions' and 'Village Health Meeting' was administered on 839 elderly persons in one of the rural blocks of Mahabubnagar district of Telangana State of India. Community health workers were actively involved in sensitization sessions. Pre- and postintervention questionnaires were completed through face-to-face interview with participants by trained social workers. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20 Software. There was a statistically significant improvement in awareness levels and utilization of social welfare schemes due to TIV intervention (P < 0.001, SD = 3.01vs 1.21). The awareness of schemes was significantly greater among males, literates, socioeconomic scale of classes 1 and 2 and with age group of 60-70 years. Simple, cost-effective intervention can make significant gain in awareness and utilization levels of social welfare schemes among elderly population. 'Traditional Village Meetings' can be used as a potential opportunity to sensitize community members about social welfare schemes.

Exploring Socio-Variational Patterns in Indian Adolescents’ Lexical Diversity: Insights for Education

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vast data emerged regarding the plummeting literacy and readability levels among Indian adolescents, posing a challenge to address in its present condition of a vastly heterogeneous socio-demographic environment. This study is grounded in Bourdieu and Passeron's (1977) theory, which acknowledges schools as places with societal relevance that perpetuate social inequality. This implies the need to formulate robust policies to address educational inequalities. To this extent, the researchers used an exploratory design to evaluate lexical diversity by purposively sampling 100 volunteer teenagers across three schools. In addition to the data received from school officials, survey questionnaires collected socio-economic information (age, gender, area of stay, socio-economic scale [SES], and school type). The authors used the Kuppuswamy SES scale (2022) to determine socio-economic scale measures, as well as the calculation of Lexical Diversity scores through the computational open-source software TextElixir. The findings reveal that age and gender do not affect lexical diversity. However, school type, SES, and area of stay significantly affect adolescents from the lower social class, who need targeted interventions to bridge gaps of educational inequity. This study addresses the limitations of previous correlational studies by offering educational insights to ensure educational equity amidst prevalent social class inequalities.

Predictor factors affecting emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged (6–12 years) children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe prolonged outbreak of COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in the community, especially in children. Given that limited studies have been conducted on this vulnerable group in Iran, we conducted this study to determine the predictor factors affecting emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged (6–12 years) children during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on 322 mothers of elementary school-aged children (6–12 years) from April 21 to June 21, 2021, in Karaj, Alborz, Iran. Sociodemographic checklist, socioeconomic status scale (SES), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), and the Rutter Children's Behavior Questionnaire (RCBQ) were used to evaluate the children's behavioral symptoms, the mental health of their mothers, and sociodemographic factors.ResultsIn total, 17.7% of children (male = 27.0%, female = 11.7%) had behavioral problems. Results showed income (p-value = 0.007, 95%CI (-3.85- -0.607)), and physical activity of the child (p-value = 0.026, 95%CI (-1.03- -0.067)), were indirectly associated with children's behavioral symptoms. Having underlying disease (p-value = 0.00, 95%CI (1.712–5.949)), breastfeeding (p-value = 0.027, 95%CI (0.335–5.61)), corona-related anxiety (p-value = 0.00, 95%CI (0.158–0.318)), and DASS score (p-value = 0.00, 95%CI (0.149–0.334)) in the mothers, as well as male gender (p-value = 0.003, 95%CI (0.724–3.471)) were directly associated with children's behavioral symptoms. The most factors involved in the behavioral symptom score of children were corona-related anxiety (β = .298), DASS (β = 0.273), underlying disease of mothers (β = 0.163), income (β = -0.154), child's gender (β = 0.142) and physical activity (β = -0.101), and breastfeeding (β = 0.099) respectively.ConclusionStudy findings showed that some factors affect the emotional and behavioral problems of school-aged (6–12 years) children during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data may help future researchers and policymakers with early intervention.

Development and validation of the Socioeconomic Status Composite Scale (SES-C).

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a critical multifactorial determinant of health and plays a significant role in shaping an individual's health outcomes. While a composite scale has been proposed to measure SES in children, to our knowledge, limited composite scales were developed for adults in different contexts, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and valid SES measure to elucidate the relationship between SES and health in this population. This study aimed to develop and validate a composite scale that measures the socioeconomic status in Lebanon and assess its correlates in a socioeconomic crisis context. An online study was carried out between October and November 2022 across all Lebanese regions. Snowball sampling was used to enroll 448 adults living in Lebanon through a questionnaire created on Google Forms and shared by WhatsApp to a first sample from all geographic areas. The developed composite scale (SES-C) was found to be reliable and valid. It was based on several aspects of socioeconomic status, i.e., participant education level, family head education level, perceived social class, not being in debt, not receiving financial help, crowding index, participant work status, family head work status, monthly household income, and financial well-being. Furthermore, high SES was significantly associated with married status, older age, alcohol consumption, the absence of chronic disease, easy access to healthcare, private insurance coverage, and the number of rooms in the house in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariable analysis, high SES was significantly associated with age (ORa-1.13; p = 0.011) and easy access to healthcare (ORa = 7.81; p = 0.001) and inversely associated with chronic disease (ORa = 0.17; p = 0.002). Similar results with lower magnitude were found for moderate SES. The study successfully developed and validated a composite scale (SES-C) for measuring the socioeconomic status in Lebanon, taking into account the complexities of the Lebanese context. The scale was found to be reliable and valid, and its results showed significant correlations with various factors such as older age, lower risk of chronic disease, and easy access to healthcare.

Relationship between disability and psychiatric outcome in multiple sclerosis patients and its determinants

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system disease with diverse clinical manifestations. The present study aimed to compare the psychiatric outcomes of MS patients with full ambulatory versus impaired ambulatory function and identify the potential risk factors for disability in MS. Seventy MS patients were classified into two groups based on their Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, Group A: full ambulatory (EDSS ≤ 4.5) (N = 48), Group B: impaired ambulatory (EDSS ≥ 5) (N = 22). All participants were evaluated by the Socioeconomic Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.ResultsIn the total cohort (N = 70), females represented (77.1%). The mean age was 31.16 ± 6.46, the mean age of onset was 26 ± 6.083, and the mean disease duration was 5.33 ± 3.653 years which was less in Group A than in Group B. Relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) was the most common presentation (80%), representing 93.6% of Group A. Group A reported more severe depression and anxiety, while Group B had more poor sleep quality. Correlation analysis showed increased relapses, progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS), cervical or dorsal plaques, sensory or motor manifestations, and precipitancy increased disability, while RRMS type decreased disability.ConclusionsFull ambulatory MS patients had high anxiety and depression, while impaired ambulatory MS patients had poor sleep quality. Associated factors for disability were frequent relapses, plaque location, MS subtype, sphincter, and sensory symptoms.Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05029830. Registered: September 01, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05029830

A 2023 Update of Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Classification Scale for the Indian Population

A 2023 Update of Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Classification Scale for the Indian Population

Psychosocial Factors, Pro-Inflammatory Markers &amp; Serum Lipids among Patients with Suicidal Ideation &amp; Suicidal Attempts

Background: Suicide is a worldwide serious problem. It is a leading cause of death, accounting for 1.3% of all deaths worldwide in 2019 and Approximately 703,000 people die by suicide every year. We aimed to study the personal, cognitive, psychosocial, personality traits, psychopathological, pro-inflammatory markers &amp; serum lipids differences between patients with suicidal ideation and patients with suicidal attempts and to assess predictor factors that make suicidal ideation convert to suicidal attempt.&#x0D; Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional case control study was carried on participant aged 18 – 50 years, both sexes. Suicidal behavior of the study sample was assessed using Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) &amp; participants were classified into three equal groups according to their score in BSSI and their history of recent suicidal attempt (suicidal ideation group, suicidal attempt group &amp; control group). Participants’ sociodemographic data were evaluated by a questionnaire designed by the researcher and reviewed by experts. Psychiatric assessment was done using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Socioeconomic status &amp; cognitive functions were assessed by the socioeconomic status scale for health research in Egypt &amp; the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, respectively. Personality was assessed by short form of EPQ-R (Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Assessment of impulsivity &amp; stress were done by using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) &amp; the Hassles and Uplifts Scale (HUS), respectively. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) &amp; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were applied to determine the symptom severity in those diagnosed with depressive, anxiety &amp; psychotic disorders.&#x0D; Results: Suicidal ideations &amp; attempts were more common among psychiatric patients especially those suffering from depression. Suicidal behavior was associated with increased severity of depressive &amp; anxiety symptoms. The most common method of suicidal attempts among females was drug overdose, while males used self-poisoning as the most popular method in attempting suicide. Risk of suicidal ideation &amp; attempts increased in the following situations: younger age groups especially below 35 years, female gender, substance abuse, low socioeconomic level, past history &amp; family history of suicidal behavior, neuroticism, psychoticism &amp; introversion personality traits, impulsivity, high daily stress levels, increase in the severity of depressive &amp; anxiety disorders, elevated [ESR, Hs-CRP &amp; IL-6], lowered [total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) &amp; triglycerides (TG)]. The following factors protected from suicidal behaviors: marriage, work and having jobs, Family and social support, playing sports, having hobbies &amp; higher socioeconomic levels.&#x0D; Risk factors for transition of participants from suicidal ideation to suicidal attempt included female gender, being unmarried &amp; unemployed, low socioeconomic level, poor social support, past history of suicidal behavior, neuroticism personality traits, impulsivity, high stress levels, depressive disorders, elevated [Hs-CRP &amp; IL-6], and low [TC, LDL &amp; TG]. Protective factors against transition from suicidal ideation to attempt included playing sports &amp; extraversion personality traits.&#x0D; Conclusion: The problem of suicide is a frequent and a multifaceted problem among the general population.

Exploring the passengers’ socio-economic structure and its impact on the perception of railway infrastructures and services in Tripura, India

The railway is a cost-efficient transport system that ensures economic development, social well-being, environmental sustainability and regional cooperation. As a prime mode of public transportation, it provides significant passenger service throughout the world. It is necessary to understand what passengers think about railway infrastructures and services to enhance passenger satisfaction, increase ridership and reduce the railway policy gap. Many socio-economic factors like education, income and occupation may influence the epistemological thought process of passengers about railway infrastructure and service quality. This study was conducted in Tripura, North-eastern India, to examine the effect of a passenger’s socio-economic structure on their perception of railway infrastructures and services. About 735 samples were collected from all 27 railway stations of Tripura through stratified random sampling. To understand passenger perceptions about railway infrastructure, a 5-Point Likert Scale has been used. A Modified Satisfaction Index (MSI) has been proposed to analyse the degree of passenger satisfaction by modifying an existing method. The Kuppuswamy socio-economic scale has been used to identify the association of social class on passenger perception to address the policy gap and provide alternative technical solutions by formulating effective strategies for enhancing service quality. The contribution of the study is to provide insights into the importance of considering socio-economic factors in enhancing service quality and improving passenger satisfaction. Additionally, the proposed MSI can offer a reliable and practical tool for measuring passenger satisfaction with railway services.

Relationship of Body Image, Self Esteem, Socio-economic Status and Peer Influence with Teenage Pregnancy in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Teenage pregnancy has been identified as a social issue that requires attention. Given the negative impact on teenage mothers, the people who care for them, and the children they give birth to. This study examined the pattern of relationship between body image, self-esteem, socio-economic status, peer influence, and teenage pregnancy. This study employed a correlational design, and a multistage sampling procedure was utilized. Adolescents in Ibadan constitutes the population (N = 150; 12.0% below 14 years, 58.7% 14 – 16 years, while 29.3% were 17 – 19 years). Participants completed standardized instruments: (Body Image Acceptance Survey α = 0.85; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale α = 0.78; Socio-economic Status Scale α = 0.79; Peer Influence Scale α = 0.81; and Teenage Pregnancy Scale α = 0.87). The results showed that body image (r = 0.327; p&lt;0.05), self-esteem (r = 0.376; p&lt;0.05), socio-economic status (r = 0.306; p&lt;0.05), and peer influence (r = 0.201, p&lt;0.05) all had a significant relationship with teenage pregnancy. A multiple regression coefficient (R = 0.484) and multiple regression adjusted (R2 = 0.234) were obtained. Also, self-esteem recorded the most effective relative contribution to teenage pregnancy, followed by body image, parental socio-economic status, and peer influence, respectively. This emphasizes the necessity of broad and all-encompassing strategies to stop teenage pregnancy because it is unlikely that a single element will be adequate to deal with the problem successfully.

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES IN PATIENTS COMING TO AN ADDICTION TREATMENT FACILITY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

Substance use is a multifactorial challenge involving the individual, the substance and the community. Substance users are generally the active workforce of the nation who contribute to the progress,but owing to the substance use, the nation misses out on them. By our study we compiled the sociodemographic data of people coming to an addiction treatment facility in a tertiary care hospital. A cross sectional study was done from April 2021 to December 2022 and 921 patients were assessed. Majority of the patients (71.45%) were from the age group of 21-50 years, and 94.94% of the study sample were males.79.59% were working as a semiskilled / skilled worker. 52.33% were educated up to high school.90.01% of patients were from the upper lower socioeconomic class as per Kuppuswamy's Socioeconomic Scale. A majority of the sample (45.1%) were seen using tobacco and 40.1% of the study sample was using alcohol. Our Results were consistent with many other studies, and were in contrast with some as they had different location where the study was done. It was seen that substance use is more common in working age group with more population belonging to the upper lower socioeconomic class as per kuppuswamy's socioeconomic scale. To tackle this challenge of substance use, awareness about hazards of substance use and better accessibility to addiction treatment facilities is of paramount importance.

Factors associated with Diabetes Empowerment among patients with type 2 diabetes, at OPD setting, Karachi, Pakistan

Diabetes Empowerment is important for diabetic control as it postpones the onset of complications. This study aimed to investigate the association of medication adherence, self-care behaviors, and diabetes knowledge with Diabetes Empowerment among patients with type II diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 451 type II diabetes patients attending Endocrinology clinics at OPD setting in Karachi. Data was collected electronically using a structured questionnaire comprising of tools to measure Diabetes Empowerment, medication adherence, self-care behaviors, diabetes knowledge, and socioeconomic scale. It also included health-related information from patients’ medical record. As outcome variable was continuous, so multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of Diabetes Empowerment on medication adherence, self-care behaviors and diabetes knowledge with other co-variates. The mean Diabetes Empowerment score was 3.62 (SD = 0.31). The mean age of the participants was 56.68 (SD = 11.76). 53.88% were females, 80.71% were married, 77.56% were obese, and 66.30% were upper-middle class with average diabetes duration of 11.7 years (SD = 7.89). HbA1c values were ≥ 7 in 63.41% of study participants. Diabetes Empowerment was significantly associated with medication adherence (P = 0.001), general diet (P < 0.001), special diet (P = 0.011), smoking status (P = 0.001), and socioeconomic status (upper lower, P = 0.085). A comprehensive strategy for the treatment of type II diabetes is essential to enhance clinical results, improve patient quality of life, and prevent diabetes-related comorbidities. People with type II diabetes should be encouraged to embrace an empowerment-based approach by healthcare providers. It is critical to do research that promotes empowerment.

The Color Line by Igiaba Scego

Reviewed by: The Color Line by Igiaba Scego Adele Newson-Horst IGIABA SCEGO The Color Line Trans. John Cullen & Gregory Conti. New York. Other Press. 2022. 544 pages. IGIABA SCEGO'S third novel, The Color Line, is a multilayered adventure. It features two women, more than a century apart, who encounter many of the same struggles despite societal progress. The adventure rests with movement—undertaking a journey—while the effort to occupy space freely is the struggle. The work is nothing less than brilliant. It has everything: a compelling story, a historical lesson, a love story, and an urgent message. Lafanu Brown is a half-Chippewa, half-Haitian artist living in antebellum America. She is discovered by a wealthy society woman who seeks to impress upon the world her magnanimous nature concerning the Negro. From that point forward, Lafanu becomes dependent upon the patronage of white women. She sees Italy as the mecca for artists. The story begins in Rome in 1887, a period historically known as the Scramble for Africa. A newly unified Italy has decided that it would like to "go and win the fatherland a place in the sun," so it embarks upon East Africa. Lafanu at this point is forty-five years old and living as a portrait artist in Italy. The expatriate American is attacked in the Piazza Colonna after word reaches citizens that Italian troops have been massacred in East Africa. In addition to a prologue and an epilogue, the twenty-one sections are designated significantly as "Crossings." Apart from being a compelling read, there is much to unpack in this work. Under the rubric Crossings I, the narrative shifts to the first-person point of view of Leila, a young African (Somali) Italian woman. Her family migrated to Italy to flee the dictatorship. Leila is an art [End Page 77] curator who works to restore Lafanu Brown to her rightful place in history. By turns, Leila conflates the struggles of Lafanu with those of her cousin Bini, who seeks to escape a lawless Mogadishu in the present time. Both Lafanu and Binti are assaulted viciously for the space they chose to occupy, both suffered serious trauma, and both used art as therapy to aid recovery. So the story shifts from the late nineteenth century to the present by turns to tell the story of recovery. This book features a host of memorable characters, including a lustful Frederick Douglass-like character, a lesbian dolente, and nineteenth-century eccentric women. It examines color consciousness in the larger European society. The British characters do not see Italians as Europeans, and Italians see themselves as superior to Africans. Scots and Irish servants are on the bottom of the white socioeconomic scale. The preoccupation with color as a civilizing agent is exhaustive. Above all this is an immigration story—a story of African migration. Binti writes in a letter to Leila, "I'd like to have a world where we Africans have the chance to move around." Restricted by laws, Africans are unable to travel the world like their counterparts in European countries. As for the characters who are successful in their crossings, Bim Adewunmi's assertion is relevant here: "All immigrants live a variation of the biblical act made famous by Lot's wife: They always look back." Adele Newson-Horst Morgan State University Copyright © 2023 World Literature Today and the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

PERCEPTION OF MEDICAL POST GRADUATE STUDENTS ON LEARNING MEDICAL ETHICS IN THE CURRICULUM- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE IN MAHARASHTRA

Background: Ethical practice of medicine is an area of increasing public awareness and attack on doctors on breach of the same is a growing concern nowadays. Along with a medical post graduate degree, a health personnel is expected to know all about medical ethics and mold their clinical practice accordingly. But it has not been included as a part of curriculum in most of the institutions. Improving the perception of students towards medical ethics education is an essential task. Objective: To assess medical post graduate students perception regarding incorporation of medical ethics in medical curriculum in a teaching institute. Method: A cross-sectional study including 300 post graduate medical students was conducted in a medical college in Maharashtra during October-November 2022,after obtaining informed consent from them. A self- administered questionnaire about awareness on medical ethics and their perception towards including the same in the curriculum was given to the participants. Result was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS trial version 29. Results: Among 242 postgraduates who responded,66.9% were females ,70.2% belonged to second year of course,55.4% were from class I &amp;II of Modified BG Prasad socioeconomic scale,71.1% had place of residence as urban area. Adequate knowledge regarding medical ethics was seen among 54.1%, appropriate attitude was shown by 46.7% and practice by 33.1%.Statistically significant association was found between age, socioeconomic status, year of study and place of residence and knowledge about and practice of medical ethics(p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: It is being concluded that even though there is adequate knowledge in medical ethics, future physicians are lacking appropriate perception on the same, which throws light towards need of improvement of awareness and also inclusion of medical ethics as an important part of postgraduate curriculum.

Pre-coronavirus disease 2019 brain structure might be associated with social anxiety alterations during the pandemic.

Pre-coronavirus disease 2019 brain structure might be associated with social anxiety alterations during the pandemic.

Breaking the Mould: Vocational Interest of Secondary School Students across Gender and Socio-economic Status

The researcher has tried to know and acknowledge the vocational interests of secondary school students of Dakshin Dinajpur District in West Bengal. The objectives of this study are; 1. To study the relationship between vocational interest and social economic status of Secondary school students; 2. To compare the vocational interest of male and female secondary school students; 3.To compare the socio economic status among male and female secondary school students; 4. To compare the vocational interest of rural and urban secondary school students; 5.To compare the vocational interest of General and SC/ST/OBC Secondary school students. This study investigated the vocational interest across gender and socio-economic status among a random sample of 300 secondary school students. The researcher used; the Vocational Interest Record developed by Dr. S.P. Kulshrestha, (2017) to measure the Vocational Interest and the socio-economic status scale developed by Prof. Ashok k. Kalla&amp; Mr. Sudhir Sahu (2012) to measure the socio economic status. The data were analyzed with the help of Mean, S.D. and t-test to study the vocational interest of secondary school students of Dakshin Dinajpur District in relation socio-economic status. The study revealed that there is a significant difference between the Vocational Interests of urban and rural students and Gender variations are not evident in Vocational Interests among secondary school students. Vocational Interests and socioeconomic status are negatively correlated. The findings from this study have implications for the teachers or educators to acquire knowledge of the Vocational interests of urban and rural students. It also exaggerates the necessity of educational and vocational guidance and counselling at the stage of secondary school.

Factors influencing personality traits of rural and urban college students

Personality is defined as the characteristics of behaviors, emotional patterns and cognitions that progress fromenvironmental and biological factors. The present study was conducted in Dharwad with an objective to study the factorsinfluencing personality factors of rural and urban college students. The total sample comprised of 215 science degree collegestudents including 115 from urban and 100 from rural Dharwad in the age range of 18-21 years. General informationschedule and socio economic status scale were used to gather the personal information and Socio-economic status of thestudents. Personality factors of the college students were assessed by using the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and intelligencewas measured using Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM). Results revealed that majority of the students hadhigh level of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, average level of emotional stability and openness to experience.Both males and females scored better on agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experienceand most of them were in average range. Ordinal position had significant relationship with agreeableness and emotionalstability. Intelligence was significantly related to extroversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience. Type offamily had significant relationship with extroversion, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience. SESwas significantly related to agreeableness factor. Locality was significantly related to agreeableness, conscientiousness,emotional stability and openness to experience. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that various familial andpersonal factors play major role in deciding the personality of the college students

Influence of socio- demographic factors on cerebral palsy among children

Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone or posture. It is caused by damagethat occurs to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth. The present study investigated the influence ofsocio-demographic factors like family type, family size, socio-economic status, and religion on cerebral palsy amongchildren in Dharwad taluk during 2021-22. The sample size was 164 children of 6 to 16 years, on which 82 were cerebralpalsy and 82 were typical children matched with cerebral palsy children. A descriptive matched pair case control design wasused. Self- structured questionnaire and Agarwal’s socio-economic status scale was used for data collection. The result ofthe study revealed that, the incidence of cerebral palsy was high among males (67.10%) than females (32.90%) also firstborn (56.10%) had more risk than later born (43.90%). Majority of families were (84.10%) nuclear with medium size(56.90%). The incidence of cerebral palsy was high among low socio-economic status hence, found a strongassociationbetween cerebral palsy and socio-economic status. Risk factors for cerebral palsy among children when compared tomedium and high socio-economic status

The Mediating Effects of Peer Relationship and Self-Esteem on the Relations Between Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Subjective Well-Being for High School Students

To explore senior high school students’ subjective socioeconomic status influence on their subjective well-being, and the role of self-esteem and peer relationships in it, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 394 high school students from the first grade to the third grade in Beijing using the Adolescent Subjective Socioeconomic Status Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Adolescent Peer Relationship Scale, and Subjective Well-being Scale. The results show that: (1) Subjective socioeconomic status can positively predict subjective well-being; (2) Self-esteem and peer relationship play a completely mediating role in the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status and subjective well-being. Therefore, the improvement of high school students’ subjective well-being can be achieved through the dual path of intervening in students’ self-esteem level and improving their peer relationships.

Cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with substance use disorder

BackgroundSubstance abuse is a major health problem, associated with multiple clinical correlates. Cognitive dysfunctions were among the most relevant health problems associated with substance abuse among adolescents. The aim of the study is investigate the main cognitive domains affected in a sample of adolescents with substance use disorders. A case-control comparison was performed between 100 substance abusers versus 40 controls. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview v.5, Addiction Severity Index, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, socioeconomic scale, and multiple historical variables investigated.ResultsSubstance abusers showed higher mean than control as regard all other WCST domains. The difference between two groups was statistically significant. Cannabis substance mostly affects early conceptualization and problem-solving abilities, while inhalants affect predominantly sustained attention, and alcohol mostly affect cognitive flexibility. Polysubstance use is more harmful to most of the executive function domain than mono substance use.ConclusionsThe substance use disorders are a major health problem accompanied cognitive dysfunction among adolescents and associated with increased rates of executive dysfunction. Cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, problem-solving abilities, and early conceptualization are the most domains affected.

Perbedaan Motivasi Belajar Ditinjau Dari Faktor Demografi Mahasiswa Yang Mengikuti Perkuliahan Daring Universitas Negeri Padang

The Differences In Learning Motivation In View Of The Demographic Factors Of Student Taking Online Lectures In State University Of Padang. This study aims to find out the difference in Learning Motivation In View Of The Demographic Factors Of Student Taking Online Lectures In State University Of Padang.. Quantitative approaches of comparative types are the methods used in this research. This study's population consists of students enrolled at the State University of Padang. In this study, random sample techniques were used, and subjects obtained as many as 150 people.In this data collection, we used the motivation to learn and the socioeconomic scale. The data were analyzed using a factorial ANOVA technique. The results showed a level of significance of sig = 0.351 (sig 0.05), meaning that there are no differences in learning motivation in view of the demographic factors of students taking online lectures at the State University of Padang.