Socioeconomic Organization Research Articles

Механізми забезпечення економічної стійкості та безпеки на засадах національної укоріненості економічного розвитку

The article shows that the countries that made an economic breakthrough and entered the world of states with high per capita incomes in any variant of using the strategies of catch-up or anticipatory development, export orientation or import substitution relied on the creation of industries in their own country, that is, on nationally rooted development. The author reveals the content of nationally rooted development as a basis for economic stability and security. The relationship between the concepts of "sustainability" and "resilience" has been clarified. "Resilience" is interpreted as a specific form of stability of an economic object, associated with its flexibility and ability to recover from destructive impacts. In a broader context, the sustainability of economic development is considered as the ability to develop the production of a network of various goods (material and ideal, public and individual, institutional and social) to meet the needs of society, its communities and citizens on the basis of technical and technological development and its corresponding socio-economic organization, which is based on the comprehensive use of national resources and international cooperation to create added value in the national space-time and has the property of maintaining dynamic balance in conditions of uncertainties and destabilizing influences of the hybrid "peace-war" system. The author reveals the mechanisms for ensuring the national rooting of economic development as the basis of its stability and security. It is shown that the components of the structure of these mechanisms are goal setting with scientific justification of the relevant policy, strategic planning and development of planning and market mechanisms for solving strategic tasks with logistical, organizational and monetary support for achieving the goal of nationally rooted development. It is concluded that national projects should become the key organizational link of the mechanism of national rooting of economic development. The article shows that in conditions of uncertainty and extreme complexity of social processes, it is possible to solve the task of national rooting of economic development only by relying on a meritocratic approach to management.

Trade fair activity and sustainable urban development, through the lens of Thessaloniki International Fair

ABSTRACT This paper explores a new perspective on trade fairs, examining their expected impact on the sustainable development of the host city. To study this impact, the paper examines the annual fair of Thessaloniki, Greece, which has a long history and strong connection with the city. Methodologically, mix research method is used, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings challenge the focus of trade fairs’ benefits in terms of sustainability on the economic aspect. Thessaloniki citizens believe that the fair contributes positively to sustainable urban development, possibly due to their emotional attachment with it and its crucial economic benefits. Stakeholder interviews, however, reveal concerns. Some attribute limitations to outdated fair infrastructure, claiming that a planned redevelopment could address sustainability issues. Others, more critical of the fair, argue that achieving truly balanced development is difficult within the existing mode of socio-economic organisation.

Family Organizational Basics, Leadership, Communication, Environment and Culture

Family as a socioeconomic organization have the responsibility to be effective and productive even in bad times like this pandemic era named COVID-19 virus. Families first goal is pursued happiness sharing affectivity within their human capital at home and without food, shelter, air and oxygen that is not possible. This paper is a scientific construction that include the explanation about the basic organizational needs that any organization needs to be productive and functional including the family. Family Organizational Basics: Leadership, Communication, Environment, and Culture, is the first academic document that introduce openly the organizational psychology to the family organization. These four areas according with the organizational and management theories should be functional to receive the best respond from the human capital that is managing in any organization. It is a scientific analysis about how the four areas of the organizational behavior works in the household setting and how those impact the daily lives of the family members increasing or decreasing their daily productivity. Keywords: leadership, communication, environment, culture, organizational, family

A photographic essay on socio-economic organisation – temporary shelters in Kelowna, British Columbia (Canada)

The essay considers socio-economic organisation from the perspective of monopoly capitalism analysis, a strand of heterodox economics. The centre-piece of the essay is a photographic study of two temporary overnight shelters in Kelowna, one of the principal cities in British Columbia, Canada. Monopoly capitalism analysis has not previously drawn on photographic practices as an approach to inquiry. A characteristic of monopoly capitalist economies is that market-oriented, large corporations influence socio-economic organisation more generally. The essential practices of those corporations thereby penetrate the nooks and crannies of market economies. The essay is especially concerned with practices such as control, constraints on freedom, exercise of voice, and dehumanisation. The photographs and accompanying text – contextual discussions of monopoly capitalism and temporary shelters, and a caption for each image in the sequence – work together to show that traits of temporary overnight shelters in Kelowna are consistent with monopoly capitalist practices. It is suggested that such traits will be fossilised in the forever future of socio-economic systems, unless people’s awareness and challenge lead to choice of a different development path. The case-study demonstrates how photographs may enrich analysis of socio-economic organisation more widely, beyond the particular circumstances that it addresses.

Evaluating the Impact of Learning Management Systems in Geographical Education in Primary School: An Experimental Study on the Importance of Learning Analytics-Based Feedback

Traditionally, educational processes were focused on learning theoretical geography content, often supplemented with hands-on activities. However, advances in technology have enabled the integration of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) such as Moodle, which enable students to learn at their own pace, receive instant and individualized feedback about their daily academic performance, and gather more daily information individually based on techniques such as Learning Analytics (LAs). Despite these benefits, there is a lack of evidence supporting this educational approach in primary education. This experimental study, involving 80 fifth-grade students, aims to address this gap while investigating the territorial and socio-economic organization of their environment and comparing two types of feedback provided: simply the correct answer (control group), and more extensive (experimental group). The findings suggest that the implementation of Moodle tasks facilitates learning, irrespective of the type of feedback provided. However, students rated activities higher in terms of usefulness and satisfaction with the teaching–learning process when extensive feedback was provided. Additionally, the daily data collected proved useful for teachers in predicting students’ final outcomes. These results highlight the potential benefits of carrying out activities in Moodle, despite their short duration, particularly at this academic level and within this knowledge domain.

Smelting Metals, Enacting Rituals. The Interplay of Religious Symbolisms and Metallurgical Practices in the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean

The archaeological discourse on the development of metallurgy in Anatolia, the Levant and, more generally, the Eastern Mediterranean region has extensively focused on crucial aspects such as procurement routes, technological developments, manufacturing strategies, and socio-economic connotations of metal consumption. On the other hand, potential symbolic and ritualistic aspects permeating mining and metal-making activities have rarely been taken into consideration, largely due to the ephemerality of such traditions and practices in the material record. Extensive studies have analyzed the ritual dimensions of iron and copper metalworking across different belief systems and social structures, from pre-industrial sub-Saharan Africa to pre-classical Andean cultures, from Bronze Age Central Europe to China. Drawing on the contemporary anthropological and archaeological debate on the subject, this contribution identifies and analyzes recurrent semantics of ritualization in metalworking processes, looking at different lines of epigraphic and material evidence from the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. The aim is to discuss patterns of correlation between belief systems, ritual behavior, and socioeconomic organizations and to prompt more comprehensive analyses on the complementary technological and symbolic aspects of ancient metallurgical practices.

Information synergy maximizes the growth rate of heterogeneous groups.

Collective action and group formation are fundamental behaviors among both organisms cooperating to maximize their fitness and people forming socioeconomic organizations. Researchers have extensively explored social interaction structures via game theory and homophilic linkages, such as kin selection and scalar stress, to understand emergent cooperation in complex systems. However, we still lack a general theory capable of predicting how agents benefit from heterogeneous preferences, joint information, or skill complementarities in statistical environments. Here, we derive general statistical dynamics for the origin of cooperation based on the management of resources and pooled information. Specifically, we show how groups that optimally combine complementary agent knowledge about resources in statistical environments maximize their growth rate. We show that these advantages are quantified by the information synergy embedded in the conditional probability of environmental states given agents' signals, such that groups with a greater diversity of signals maximize their collective information. It follows that, when constraints are placed on group formation, agents must intelligently select with whom they cooperate to maximize the synergy available to their own signal. Our results show how the general properties of information underlie the optimal collective formation and dynamics of groups of heterogeneous agents across social and biological phenomena.

Analyzing the Implications of Land use Changes on Urban Planning in Mamfe Sub-Division, South West Region, Cameroon

Land use change is necessary for economic development and social progress; however, it does not come without costs. The efforts to meet the needs of the burgeoning population and its development activities, have amplified stress on the earth’s land uses with significant implications on urban planning. This study seeks to examine the trends of land use changes, causes and associated implications in Mamfe Sub-division. The study made use of primary and secondary sources of data. Simple random sampling technique was used and 164 respondents were drawn from Ebekaw, Small Mamfe, Besongabang, Okoyong and Bachuo Neighbourhoods. Data was collected through interviews, field observation, questionnaires and Landsat imageries to examine the trends, causes and implications of land use changes in Mamfe Sub-division for 1980, 2000 and 2020.The results revealed that between 1980 and 2020 agriculture and built-up (infrastructural development) were identified as the dominant activities at the expense of vegetation cover. Population increase, institutional developments, socioeconomic organization, increase in income and affluence and technological development were seen as the main causes of land use changes. This was seen through the construction of roads, modern houses, thermal plan and increase in food production which has resulted to environmental implications such loss of biodiversity, land degradation and air and water pollution. In addition, to the socio-economic implications of land use changes such as limited livelihood opportunity, increase poverty and inequality, limited access to social services, displacement and migration, and land use conflicts. The study recommends a holistic, integrated land use planning and participatory approach that incorporates social, economic and environmental considerations as well as a meaningful engagement with affected communities and stakeholders.

The urban fabric of Turkish cities

Urban development of Turkish cities has been strongly influenced by their fast-changing socioeconomic and political framework. In their turn, inherited morphological elements and their spatial organization influence today’s cities, their functioning, and their socioeconomic organization. This paper aims at identifying building and urban fabric types and at studying their spatial organization in Karşıyaka, Izmir, through MFA, an innovative computer-aided protocol. The outcomes are analyzed and interpreted regarding Turkish urban development history. The eight identified fabrics show a close correspondence to specific periods of Turkish urbanization. The model observed in Karşıyaka can be representative of many urban landscapes of Turkish metropolitan coastal regions. The paper contributes to the discussion and research on the identification of urbanization models for Turkish cities and their current development trends. Moreover, it represents a first step for future research on the relationship between urban morphology and environmental psychology, as well as urban planning and urban design guidelines.

Investigating the Late Chalcolithic pottery production and consumption at Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, SW-Spain): An archaeometric analysis using petrographic and LA-ICP-MS techniques

This paper discusses the results of an archaeometric analysis carried out on undecorated Late Chalcolithic ceramics from Valencina de la Concepción, which is one of the largest and most important Chalcolithic settlements in the southern Iberian Peninsula. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the debate on the socio-economic organization and exchange networks of the site during the third millennium BCE in the Lower Guadalquivir Basin. Petrographic and chemical analysis by LA-ICP-MS of compressed ultrafine powder pellets were used to analyze selected ceramic samples (n = 42) from Valencina and reference clay samples (n = 62) from different locations in the Aljarafe plateau. This study sheds light on possible raw material sources, the choice strategy of raw materials, and certain aspects of production technologies employed for Late Chalcolithic ceramics found at Valencina de la Concepción.The archaeometric analysis revealed that a significant portion of the ceramics, especially plates and platters manufactured primarily using coarse clays, are largely non-local production. However, there was also a limited availability of local production. This study emphasizes the central role of Valencina in the exchange network of the Lower Guadalquivir Basin during the Late Chalcolithic period. This study further demonstrates the wide variety of clay resources available throughout the Aljarafe region and provides solid reference material for further archaeometric analyses of ancient ceramic materials in this region.

An archaeometric approach to biocontamination with manganese pigments in ancient marine hunter-gatherers of the Atacama Desert: health, ideological, and socioecononic considerations

The use of poisonous pigments for mortuary preparation in ancient hunter-gatherers allows us to investigate the relationship between this practice with socio-economic organization, mortuary ideology, and potential impacts on human health from overexposure to these dangerous compounds. About 6000 years ago, the Chinchorro people, maritime hunter-gatherers in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, began mining manganese to ornament the dead, representing the earliest form of artificial mummification in the world. We present the analysis of the bones from 68 Chinchorro mummies using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, revealing, for the first time, the presence of manganese in their bodies. We excluded the potential diagenesis by comparison of manganese concentration difference between the cemetery soils and outer coating of the mummy and by manganese source identification by SEM/EDX. Approximately 84% (57/68) of individuals have manganese concentrations beyond normal 1 ppm and 20.6% (14/68) were overexposed to levels of higher toxicity (≥ 10 ppm), with no sex differences, suggesting equal participation in manganese handling. We conclude that manganese exploitation and refining for the ritualistic treatment of the dead posed a serious occupational hazard for the living, with evidence that many of the Chinchorro people were likely involved in these activities. This is relevant, considering manganese dust inhalation produces neurological disorders and Parkinson-like symptoms. These findings open new avenues for research into the long history of anthropogenic pollution in the Americas and the importance of mineral gathering and processing as part of a broader subsistence spectrum undertaken by these ancient hunters, gatherers, and fishers.

Historical approaches, effective solutions and promising developments of the national school of management for the mobilization of ecosystem potential

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the processes for formulation and solving problems of complex development: theory and practice of management based on traditional and innovative approaches of the Russian scientific school. The evolution of the main trends is analyzed in the formation and development of key concepts in the field of construction and application by infrastructures of socioeconomic organizations. The following basic laws, fundamental principles, effective mechanisms and promising models of the organization of coordinated interaction of subjects (in the sphere of economic activity and within the framework of regionally and technologically determined production and commercial formations) are distinguished and compared. The prospects of improving the work of territorial and sectoral management mechanisms are considered from the standpoint of ensuring harmonious interaction, constructive innovations and sustainable development. The priorities of the formation and mobilization of the potential of ecosystems are determined as the most promising constructions of modern sectoral and regional complexes ensuring the harmonious use of socio-economic resources of modern society. The content of the perspective modernization is presented of the most significant provisions in the theory and practice of purposeful influence, revealing the priorities and trends of improving the formulation, as well as the application of the fundamental concepts of the national scientific school of management.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems and clusters: How can economic geographers advance debates for regional development?

The entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is now one of the most popular policy tools for regional development following a surge of interest in entrepreneurship-oriented academic circles, yet has experienced little critical engagement within economic geography discourse. We argue that economic geographers should engage with the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept because (1) it describes a shift in spatial socio-economic organisation that has thus far been underexplored by economic geographers and (2) it is an inherently chaotic concept that requires significant conceptual development, not least in relation to the cluster concept. The entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is considered a close relative and potential successor of the cluster concept, which itself rapidly achieved policy stardom despite academic concerns over its conceptual clarity. We argue that there are significant similarities and intersections between the two concepts with implications for broader regional development literatures, enabling economic geographers to enrich academic debates and consequent policy decisions.

Roman farmers in eastern Iberia: A spatial, geoarchaeological and bioarchaeological approach to agrarian strategies

The aim of this paper is to present the archaeological data that allows us to characterise the agrarian practices of Roman farmers through the study of cultivated fields. To undertake this research, we designed an analytical strategy combining spatial analysis, microstratigraphic analysis through soil micromorphology and physical-chemical analyses of bulk soil samples, and archaeobotanical analyses including palynology, phytoliths and geochemical analysis. All this has allowed us to obtain data of interest for the reconstruction of agrarian land use and to establish a methodological basis for developing future research. This high-resolution, multiscalar, and multianalytical approach pursues to characterise these archaeological contexts to singularize intensive agricultural practices developed in terraced field. The creation of this Roman peasant landscape is related to a specific models of socioeconomic organisation of agricultural work based on the household and its workforce as a determining vector in agrarian intensification.

Spatial and temporal trends in Peru's radiocarbon record of middle Holocene foragers

The middle Holocene saw major changes in political and socioeconomic organization in Peru. Still, not all Peruvian groups transitioned to food production or engaged in mound or monument construction, yet we know relatively little about those who maintained a mobile lifestyle centered on foraging. Using GIS and statistical analyses to interrogate a database of radiocarbon dates, we assess the Peruvian record of forager distributions through the middle Holocene. We identify patterns consistent with biases stemming from disproportionate research attention, regional and intrasite sampling methodologies, and taphonomy that may be hampering our study of middle Holocene foragers. Further confounding our understanding of foragers during this period are reports of middle Holocene radiocarbon gaps attributed to population decline across South America in response to climate-induced scarcity of freshwater and other resources. We show, however, that this might also be an artifact of sampling in some cases and argue for both increased archaeological attention to middle Holocene foragers and greater awareness of perceptual biases that might influence research design and, therefore, research attention and outcomes.

Combining Ecological and Socio-Environmental Data and Networks to Achieve Sustainability

Combining Ecological and Socio-Environmental Data and Networks to Achieve Sustainability

Kinerja Kelembagaan Terhadap Distribusi Pupuk Bersubsidi (Studi Kasus pada Gapoktan Sepakat di Desa Pattinoang Kecamatan Galesong Kabupaten Takalar)

Gapoktan as a socio-economic organization aims to increase economies of scale and business efficiency. The Gapoktan institution in Pattinoang Village is one of the most important parts in managing the formulation of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers. However, the process of distributing subsidized fertilizers must be initiated by the proposed fertilizer needs of the farmers as outlined in the RDKK (Definitive Plan for Group Needs). The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The results showed that (1) The institutional performance of the Association of Farmer Groups (Gapoktan) agreed on the distribution of subsidized fertilizers in Pattinoang Village, Galesong District, Takalar Regency, in the high category with an average of 81.8. of 3 variables based on the quantity of subsidized fertilizer, service quality and timeliness of distribution. (2) The distribution pattern of subsidized fertilizer in Pattinoang village on time according to the concept of the Definitive Plan for Group Needs (RDKK) is not implemented properly and its implementation has not been implemented in accordance with the guidelines for implementing subsidized fertilizer subsidies from the government.

Cattle Make the Difference: Variations and Developments of Animal Husbandry in the Central European La Tène Culture.

The first part of our research focuses on the analysis of animal remains (>6000 identified specimens, NISP) from the Middle La Tène central settlement Haselbach in Lower Austria, one of the largest investigated archaeozoological assemblages of present-day Austria. Based on the age and sex profiles, the faunal assemblage from Haselbach shows characteristics of urbanization and centralization and bears striking similarities to the archaeozoological material of the central settlement of Roseldorf (Lower Austria), some 35 km northwest of Haselbach. The second part of our research discusses the historical and regional context of the archaeozoological results from Haselbach and compares them with other sites, based on a detailed review of published archaeozoological data from the La Tène period (c. 450 BC to the end of the first century BC). In total, 55 faunal assemblages from 46 sites in nine countries in Central Europe, representing different types of sites (lowland settlements, hilltop settlements, central settlements, oppida, assemblages of ritual activity, and mining sites) were examined. The synthesis of the archaeozoological data exhibits different husbandry strategies and suggests major changes, especially during the Middle La Tène period indicating agricultural intensification. The differences in the biological profiles of the major domesticated species are of crucial importance to better understand aspects of socio-economic organization; especially in the case of cattle, age and sex profiles are used to distinguish different patterns of cattle husbandry. Finally, morphometric and recent genetic analyses on cattle bones and teeth from La Tène sites in Central Europe provide new insights into the complex socio-economic behavior as well as long-distance networks, involving animal supply and mobility in an exciting period of change involving centralization and increasing influence from the South during the pre-Roman late Iron Age.

Investigating the domestication and early management of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the Sámi archaeological context from teeth geometric morphometrics

For centuries, reindeer herding has been an integral part of the subsistence, lifeways, economy and cosmology of the Sámi of northern Fennoscandia. Despite its importance, the timing and details of early reindeer domestication are still highly debated. Identifying domesticated individuals in the archaeological record remains complicated due to the presence of two interbreeding subspecies in Fennoscandia and a mixed socio-economic organisation by Sámi populations, which was mainly a combination of wild reindeer hunting and small-scale reindeer herding. This study proposes methodological improvement for identifying domestic individuals using 2D landmark and sliding semi-landmark based geometric morphometrics on the isolated lower molars of 389 modern specimens, and 90 teeth from four archaeological sites in Finnish Lapland. Our results indicate that despite the significant impact of wear on overall tooth morphology, our protocol is very useful for identifying subspecies (classification accuracy of the two species is between 78 and 91% depending on the wear class) and understanding the morphological changes induced by the domestication process. We suggest that the morphological variation observable among modern populations has been impacted by recent changes in herding strategies in northern Fennoscandia, and that the archaeological domesticated reindeer populations were relatively different, probably due to selection by the Sámi. This study also highlights the importance of using other direct evidence or contextual archaeological data to better trace the early evidence of a domesticated reindeer economy in northern Fennoscandia, and aid in reconstructing the socio-economic changes in Sámi populations over time.

THE GOVERNABILITY OF ROAD RISK IN MOROCCO

The problem of road safety today concerns all countries on the planet. The consequences for public health and economies are enormous. Despite the technical improvements of the car, favored by the socio-economic organization, an integral part of society. It is always a factor that increases road risks and threatens the safety of people and property on the roads. The governability of road safety is a key issue to reduce road risk. In this context, the State must have a control capacity that proves a level of competence. More than that, it will need to have a mechanism for disengaging and reverting to alternative approaches or triggering automated retraining when skill level is not reached. The control and police services have an obligation to adapt and adapt their actions to meet these challenges related to road insecurity for territorial development in Morocco.