Socio-economic Life Research Articles

Socioeconomic Life in the Shadow of October 7 War on Gaza

Socioeconomic Life in the Shadow of October 7 War on Gaza

Глобальні виклики для систем соціальної підтримки: сутність, компонентні ознаки та особливості

The article is devoted to issues of global challenges for social support systems. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of global challenges in the socio-economic life of states. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of global challenges characterizing modern social support systems, including the social support system of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the identification of global challenges for social support systems. The basic methods of scientific research used in the article are analysis and synthesis (to identify the specifics of global challenges for social support systems), graphic method (to demonstrate the connection between the global basis of the emergence of global challenges and challenges for the social support system). It has been established that the main global challenges for social support systems are the following: the functional failure of the social support system; growing needs of recipients of social services, benefits, and payments; the transformation of a socially oriented state; the reduction in abilities of states to maintain social support systems. The functional failure of the social support system means its state in which the formal presence of agencies and institutions designed to guarantee the provision of social services, benefits and payments to the population is not accompanied by their effective work, that is, the system of social support does not solve the current social problems of society and becomes a burden for state budget. The most acute challenge for the social support system for Ukraine under war conditions is the growth in the needs of recipients of social services, benefits, and payments, which can occur in two ways: 1) an increase in the needs of existing recipients of social benefits, services, and payments on account of changes in the socio-economic, political, ecological, security situation in the region or objective physiological changes in certain groups of recipients (aging, deterioration of well-being); 2) an increase in the number (or share) of people applying for social support due to changes in the socio-economic, political, environmental, security situation in the region or subjective life circumstances. Closely related to this challenge is another challenge, namely the reduction in states’ ability to maintain social support systems. Particular attention is paid to the causes and potential consequences of the transformation of the concept of a socially oriented state. In addition, the author researched the global basis of challenges for social support systems, which combines the key factors of their occurrence.

Organizational and methodical features of the application of the game method in the educational process of teenagers in institutions of general secondary education

The article highlights the organizational and methodological features of using the game method in the educational process of teenagers in institutions of general secondary education. This methodological approach allows solving the process of assimilation of educational material against the background of timely prevention or removal of mental fatigue. The use of the game method strengthens the effect of the integration of educational and cognitive activities. Today, in the socio-economic and political life of Ukraine, it is becoming necessary to radically revise the sphere of education and upbringing. It is possible to raise a person successfully only by appropriate methods, which hide the attractiveness of education and training itself. One such method is the game method. Games act as a means of physical education and as a method of organizing a children's team. Through play, the child enters the world of knowledge, begins to learn the alphabet of science against a positive emotional background, and acquires spiritual values. While playing, children feel the joy of realizing their physical and mental strengths, which is an indispensable condition for development. Domestic and foreign scientists, teachers, physiologists, and doctors determined the unique influence of physical culture on a child's health. However, it is obvious that most teenagers do not believe in the importance of physical education. Physical activity did not become the main component of their lifestyle.

Impact of environmental change on the indigenous belief system of the Bayso Community of Gidicho Island, Southern Ethiopia

The environment and human existence are inextricably intertwined. Consequently, alterations in the environment’s natural characteristics can lead to severe resource shortages. This affects the institutions that have been crucial in shaping and guiding human lives and preserving the environment’s richness, as well as the endeavours of communities to sustain their livelihoods. This article examines the impact of environmental change on the indigenous belief system of the Bayso community of Gidicho Island, southern Ethiopia. Ethnographic data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and photographs. The results showed that environmental change on Gidicho Island and its environs has disrupted the socio-economic and cultural life of the Bayso, essentially their religious rituals. Thus, we advise the federal government to amend the country’s development policies that exacerbate environmental degradation and intervene to reduce the effects of poverty on the resource-use behaviours of its people.

Selective neglect of viral risk: Tokyo’s commuter trains during the COVID-19 pandemic

This article asks why Tokyo’s crowded trains were largely absent from official discourses of viral risk in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. While public transport environments were often framed as spaces of contagion in other countries, Japanese public health discourses instead tended to emphasize the viral safety of urban railway transport. Drawing on an analysis of media and expert discourse, auto-ethnographic fieldwork, and repeat interviews with commuters, this article examines the processes through which Tokyo’s urban railway network was extracted from discourses of viral risk. It identifies four factors that contributed to this: (1) dominant definitions of risk spaces in public health messaging, (2) trains’ integral role in the operation of socio-economic life, (3) elusiveness of public transport in the epidemiological data, and (4) a focus on “unruly” passenger conduct. This analysis of the selective treatment of viral risks is tied to a critical engagement with theoretical distinctions between “essential” and “existential” mobilities developed in prior anthropological scholarship on the pandemic. Exploring the discursive framing of pandemic mobility practices on one of the world’s most extensive urban railway networks, the article thus contributes to the anthropological study of mobilities and transport in Japan and beyond.

The Issue of Etiquette in “Avesta”

In addition to being the holy book of zoroastrianism counted from the ancient religions of the world, “Avesta” is important in the study of the centuries - old history, socio-economic life, spirituality and values of our ancestors. In the great spiritual heritage of our ancestors, special attention was paid to the issues of education and spirituality, which indicates that a high culture has existed in our country since ancient times. This article will talk about the ideas put forward in our rich spiritual heritage “Avesta” about etiquette, education, spirituality.

Association of socioeconomic status and life’s essential 8 with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in north China: Kailuan study

BackgroundWe aimed to explore the association of socioeconomic status (SES) and life’s essential 8 (LE8) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in north China.MethodsA total of 91,365 adults from the Kailuan study were included in this study. Comprehensive individual SES, mainly including monthly household income, education, Occupation position, and community environment, was confirmed by latent class analysis. Furthermore, the mediation and combination effects of SES and LE8 on CVD and all-cause mortality were further assessed. The Cox regression model was conducted to estimate HRs and 95% CI.ResultsDuring about 13 years of follow-up, 7,646 cardiovascular events and 11,749 deaths were recorded. Relative to the high SES, there were decreased risks of CVD [HR (95% CI): 1.57(1.43–1.72)] and high all-cause death [HR (95% CI): 1.43(1.31–1.53)] in the low SES. The associations between SES and CVD [Mediation % (95% CI): 22.3 (16.4–30.4)] and mortality [Mediation % (95% CI): 10.1 (7.1–14.0)] were partially mediated by LE8 when comparing medium SES to high SES. Meanwhile, relative to high LE8, the elevated risk of death [HR (95% CI): 1.72(1.56–1.89)], and incident CVD [HR (95% CI): 3.34(2.91–3.83)] were detected in low LE8. Compared to participants who had the high SES and LE8, participants who had both the low SES and LE8 further increased the risk of CVD [HR (95% CI): 7.76(5.21–11.55)] and all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 2.80(2.19–3.58)].ConclusionLow SES was related to a higher risk of CVD and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, which was partially mediated by LE8.

РЕЄСТРАЦІЯ ПРАВА ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ НА ОСНОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ БЛОКЧЕЙН

The widespread implementation of blockchain technologies fundamentally changes many processes in the socio-economic and cultural life of modern society. The high level of investment in the implementation of this technology, especially in the field of digital art, confirms the perspective and high interest of business in the further development of the blockchain. At the same time, the appearance of a large number of digital works of art and the possibility of electronic access to the latest developments actualize the issue of copyright protection and quick obtaining of intellectual property (IP) documentation. This issue is also important for teachers and educational institutions because it allows them to protect the results of their work, promote innovation and knowledge in the field. The use of non-fungible tokens is one of the most promising directions for the protection of intellectual property. The article analyzes the experience of implementing blockchain technologies in the process of obtaining intellectual property documents and patents, and copyright protection in general, and also considers systems and platforms designed for copyright protection. We present the model of authorship registration and obtaining IP documents based on blockchain technology. The user’s authorship will be represented in the form of a non-fungible token (NFT), which contains all information about this intellectual property and confirms the user's right to it. Each NFT is unique, allowing creators to present their creations in digital form with guaranteed proof of authorship. In addition, the article presents a fragment of the requirements for the tokenomics model and a diagram of the interaction of agents in the context of the functioning of tokenomics and the model as a whole. During the research, an NFT model was developed. It represents an intellectual property document certifying the authors’ rights to intellectual property objects. We implemented a smart contract that manages the creation and transfer of NFTs using the Cadence language on the Flow blockchain. In addition, the key functional requirements for the system were implemented, among them: registration of authors and experts (reviewers), adding keywords for the selection of experts (reviewers), searching for relevant experts by keywords, implementation of payment functions for reviewers for work performed.

Мир объективного знания и социально-экономическая реальность (К. Поппер & К. Маркс)

The growing specialization and formalization of economic knowledge threatens to break away from the general scientific base that forms the worldview of the researcher. An urgent task is presented in the reintegration of basic methodological principles and categories of science into modern social science and economic theory. The article conducts a comparative analysis of the works of K. Marx and K. Popper, who made revolutionary changes in the methodology and ideological attitudes (conceptual frameworks) of scientific knowledge. Marx’s contribution focuses on dialectical and historical materialism, the doctrine of the economic basis of society and the change of socio-economic formations; Popper’s contribution focuses on his trial and error method with falsifying interpretation of results and the concept of successive three worlds of the universe. Popper’s criticisms of Marxist doctrine (essentialism, elements of mythology, teleologism) and the counterarguments of consistent Marxists are evaluated. The paper characterizes Popper’s positions on the realism of scientific knowledge, the world of predispositions, flexible management in animate and inanimate nature, the world of mental states of consciousness and the world of the objective content of thinking. Their commonality with the provisions of dialectical and historical materialism (the material nature of objective reality, the theory of reflection, the role of objective mental forms and ideological social relations) in the formation of the ‘world of objective knowledge’ is shown. The insufficiency of Popper’s epistemology for the study of the economic basis of social life is revealed. Based on a structural and logical analysis of the methodological principles and theoretical positions of Marx and Popper, the paper outlines the paths to the development of a system of concepts that brings together the complementary results of their apparently opposing research programs. Also presented are sources showing the relevance of the ideas of Marx and Popper in modern methodological and socio-economic literature. It is concluded that the world of objective knowledge (the key category of Popper’s social science) is part of the socio-economic life of society (in its Marxist interpretation), which, in turn, is incomplete without taking into account the realities of this world and needs additional study from the appropriate angle.

The Impact of the Omnibus Law on Industrial Relations in Indonesia During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis

The Covid-19 pandemic since 2020 until now has had a tremendous impact on socio-economic life in Indonesia. Many companies have laid off their employees on the pretext of a decrease in company production affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. On the one hand, the Indonesian government in October 2020 has passed the Omnibus Law which is still controversial. This study aims to explain the industrial pattern in handling employment after the enactment of the Omnibus Law during the Covid-19 pandemic. By using eight informants as research subjects through purposive sampling techniques, this qualitative study collected data through in-depth interviews related to the topic. The results of the study show that before the enactment of the Omnibus Law during the pandemic, the conditions focused on the problem of "rights disputes" including the payroll system, deductions, and employee SP3 which were considered unfair. However, after the enactment of the Omnibus Law, the problem refers more to "interest disputes" between companies and workers to defend their respective interests. This finding has significance for policy makers and practitioners in industrial relations. Governments and companies must understand the transition from rights disputes to interests disputes to develop more inclusive policies and minimize conflicts. Companies must also be more transparent in managing human resources and paying attention to workers' rights to improve fairness and stability of the industry.

ЭКСПЕРТИЗА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ДЕФИНИЦИЙ СФЕРЫ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЗАНЯТОСТИ

The relevance of the topic presented by the authors is determined by the state of the labor market in the context of the dynamics of modern socio-economic life of society. Developments in technology have made it possible to work using various digital services. This is changing both the nature of work and the way people are employed. The situation of «staff shortage», recognized by both employers and the state, sets the course for the increasingly widespread introduction of digital employment. This article attempts to define a combination of concepts in the field of digital employment for further research. The authors conducted a content analysis of the popularity of the use of terms in the field of digital employment by Internet users. The results of the work can be used as a basis for developing tools for conducting sociological surveys in the field of digital employment.

Re-reading on the Conversion and Caste Supremacy among the Dalit Christians in Kerala

Religious conversion played a considerable change in the socio-religious life of Kerala, especially among the indigenous communities. The socio-religious upheaval movement was one of the landmarks in the history of Kerala during the 19th century. During this period, there was a considerable transformation in the socio-economic life in Kerala affected by the ‘civilizing mission’ of the protestant missionaries in the physical life of the natives, such as social, economic, political, educational, and cultural life. For that purpose, they used the tools of modernity, like fashion, food, rituals, beliefs, etc. It cannot be neglected that the missionaries in the 19th century played a notable role in the society. But we cannot read the history of Indigenous people regardless of the history produced by culture, politics, religion, and values. Conversion is a strong historical tradition that treats Christianity as an offshoot of colonialism. In the Indian context, Christianity is an integral part of the socio-cultural history of the nation, rather than as people are separated from it. During this period witnessed tremendous changes in almost all fields of socio-economic life. That is why historians considered, the 19th century as the decisive period as far as Indian history is concerned. These changes were visible in the traditional life of the native Dalit peoples and were mainly brought about by the colonial impact. The backward Christians, under the dominance of the ruling majority and the economic dominance of them, could not develop a proper ideology. There is an opinion that Dalit conversion was peripheral and one-sided. That is, it happened under the influence of British hegemony and missionary influence. Religious conversion gave the slave society a kind of religious unity. But it could not completely develop freedom. Today Christian congregations face the struggle for democratization.

Economic Disparities, Life Events, and the Gender Mental Health Gap

This paper studies factors explaining the gender mental health gap using Australian data. We show that men have significantly higher mean outcomes and the left tail of the combined distribution is disproportionately female. Using regression-based decompositions, we examine the degree that both socioeconomic inequalities and life experience account for this phenomenon. We find that disparities in income play a substantial role, and subject to an assumption of exogeneity, would be enough to account for the gender gap amongst individuals with very poor psychological wellbeing. We also examine the mental health effects of various negative life experience, such as the death of a family member or being a victim of violence. At the individual level, these variables have large effect sizes but are not strongly correlated with gender to explain our mental health disparities.

Do resources make adolescents happier? Belief in a just world as an adaptive mediator between subjective socioeconomic status and life satisfaction

Life satisfaction is adaptive, yet the antecedents of its adaptability require further exploration. Drawing from evolutionary psychology, this study aimed to investigate the adaptive mechanisms underlying happiness among adolescents, considering that adaptation involves subjective evaluation, including both first-order and second-order evaluations. Through a cross-sectional study (Study 1) and a longitudinal study (Study 2), this research examined the impact of subjective socioeconomic status on life satisfaction and the mediating roles of general and personal belief in a just world. Findings from both studies indicated that subjective socioeconomic status positively predicts life satisfaction. Moreover, it was the general belief in a just world, rather than the personal belief in a just world, that mediated this relationship. This study examined how evolutionary theory and second-order evaluation theory explain the impact of subjective socioeconomic status on life satisfaction, emphasizing the belief in a just world as a crucial adaptive belief mediating this relationship. We should emphasize the belief in a just world among adolescents with low subjective socioeconomic status, as a strategy to boost their long-term happiness. By fostering a sense of fairness and acceptance in adolescents' evaluations of their socioeconomic status, we can better promote their mental health and overall happiness.

THE ECONOMIC PROSPECTS OF SOME ADJARA TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE LOCATIONS

Lasha Mgeladze E-mail: Mgeladzee@yahoo.com Master, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Batumi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2445-2567 Abstract: The present work discusses basic characteristics of economic potential of some Adjara tourism infrastructure locations, as well as prospect economic views connected to tourism industry. Besides, it envisages certain issues of Adjara tourism infrastructure development, their solutions and general economic strategies, its impact on socio-economic, ecological and demographic problems of region population, in particular, focus is on those basic tourism locations, the economic potential of which has positive reflect on socio-economic life of region population. The given Article gives proper conclusions in which Author’s views are established about Adjara tourism development issues and capacities. Keywords: Idnustry, Infrastructure, Location, Transformation, Capabilities JEL classification: R1, R3

Long-Term Variation Patterns of Precipitations Driven by Climate Change in China from 1901 to 2022

Studying long-term precipitation trends is crucial for sustainable development, as the proper utilization of water resources is essential for maintaining a sustainable water supply. The objective and novelty of this paper was to reveal the gradual mutation process of precipitation in China over a century. This study utilized monthly precipitation data from 1901 to 2022 (at a century scale) to analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variability in precipitation across different time scales and regions with a trend analysis, an abrupt change analysis, and gravity center models. The findings indicate that (1) from 1901 to 2022, the precipitation in China generally decreased from the southeast coastal areas toward the northwest inland regions. (2) There were significant differences in the migration of precipitation gravity centers among the different study regions, with the least dispersion being observed in the Liao River basin, while the Hai River basin, various river basins in the northwest, and the Pearl River basin exhibited certain regularities in gravity center movement, and other regions showed periodic variations. (3) Over the period from 1901 to 2022, there was a trend of transitioning from lower to higher precipitation levels. (4) According to continuous long-term abrupt change tests, the timing of precipitation shifts varied across different basins. Precipitation, as a crucial component of natural resources, directly impacts various aspects of socio-economic life. Research findings provide decision support for regional flood control and disaster reduction and offer scientific decisions for ecological security.

Development of Polar Lows in Future Climate Scenarios over the Barents Sea

Abstract Polar lows (PLs) are intense mesoscale cyclones that form over polar oceans during colder months. Characterized by high wind speeds and heavy precipitation, they profoundly impact coastal communities, shipping, and offshore activities. Amid the substantial environmental changes in polar regions due to global warming, PLs are expected to undergo noteworthy transformations. In this study, we investigate the response of PL development in the Barents Sea to climate warming based on two representative PLs. Sensitivity experiments were conducted including the PLs in the present climate and the PLs in a pseudo–global warming scenario projected by the late twenty-first century for Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2-4.5 and SSP 3-7.0 scenarios from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In both warming climate scenarios, there is an anticipated decrease in PL intensity, in terms of the maximum surface wind speed and minimum sea level pressure. Despite the foreseen increase in latent heat release in the future climate, contributing to the enhancement of PL intensity, other primary factors such as decreased baroclinic instability, heightened atmospheric static stability, and reduced overall surface heat fluxes play pivotal roles in the overall decrease in PL intensity in the Barents Sea under warming conditions. The augmentation of surface latent heat flux, however, results in increased precipitation associated with PLs by enhancing the latent heat release. Furthermore, the regional steering flow shifts in the warming climate can influence the trajectory of PLs during their development. Significance Statement Global warming is anticipated to impact cyclone systems worldwide. Polar lows (PLs), intense mesocyclones in polar regions with potential socioeconomic and human life implications, pose uncertainties regarding intensity changes in a warming climate. In this study, we aimed to better understand how PLs over the Barents Sea will respond to the environmental changes in future climate conditions [Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2-4.5 and SSP 3-7.0] by the end of the twenty-first century. Our results find that the intensity of PLs is expected to decrease in the future while there is an expected increase in precipitation associated with PLs in the warming climate. These findings aim to contribute valuable insights for disaster management strategies in the face of evolving climate scenarios.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN GERMANY

The structural dynamics of socio-economic life in most countries of the world creates new requirements for the organization of the educational process of future teachers. In this context, the analysis of the structure, content and organizational features of the system of professional teacher training in European countries is of great importance for the higher education environment of Ukraine. The study is devoted to the analysis of the characteristic features of professional training of future foreign language teachers in Germany. Research methodology. The study used logical-semantic, structural-logical and system-functional methods. Scientific novelty. The functionality of the higher education system in the professional training of future foreign language teachers is determined. It has been established that in Germany, professional competence is acquired by potential teachers in different types of educational institutions, including general higher education schools, universities, higher pedagogical schools and specialized colleges. It is substantiated that the studied training system in Germany is characterized by certain specifics. Attention is focused on the potential of modern information technologies in the process of professional training of foreign language teachers, innovative possibilities of digital optimization of the studied educational process in the context of Germany are highlighted. The article describes trends in the field of improving the content of education at universities, which demonstrate a shift away from narrow specialization and the revival of compulsory training for students of all specialties. Conclusions. It has been established that the active implementation of the experience of leading European countries in the system of professional higher education in Ukraine necessitates systematic professional development of the scientific and pedagogical staff of higher education institutions of Ukraine. It is proved that in the process of standardizing the system of professional training of foreign language teachers in accordance with the requirements of the Bologna Process, a special role is given to the awareness of the optimal structure, content, organizational paradigm of the higher education environment of European countries.

Transport statutes in the system of sources of law of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the issues of transport statutes as sources of transport law of Ukraine, their validity and ability to effectively regulate social relations in the field of railway, road, and inland water transport, taking into account the changes that have occurred in social, political and socio-economic life over the past time on the restoration of Ukraine’s independence in 1991. The author analyzes the formal preservation of the validity of the relevant legislative acts of the Soviet era, taking into account the normative legal acts adopted in 1991 on a legal succession of Ukraine. The author emphasizes that from a formal and legal point of view, the transport statutes of the Soviet era remain valid, however, due to the contradiction of a significant part of their norms with the legislation adopted later, these normative legal acts are increasingly losing their legal influence on social legal relations and are subject to the action of such a phenomenon as “forgetting the rules of law”. At the same time, it was noted that proposals to abandon transport statutes in favor of a cumbersome codification of transport law norms (by raising the norms of statutes to the level of law) are irrational since an overly detailed Transport Code of Ukraine or codes of laws in the fields of road, rail or inland water transport will not be simple in use and will not meet the technical and legal requirements to the law. As a result, the author concludes that transport statutes in general are necessary regulatory legal acts. Still, their current editions are to a large extent morally outdated and such that they urgently need a radical revision to bring them into line with the changed norms of the legislation of Ukraine and take into account the need for adaptation of the national legal system to the law of the European Union. Thus, the application of their current editions in practical activities should be carried out after a thorough legal examination for the relevance of certain provisions.

The Effectiveness of PT. Wijaya Inti Nusantara's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program in South Palangga District, South Konawe Regency on the Quality of Life of the Community

This study aims to determine the success and effectiveness of the implementation of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program carried out by PT. Wijaya Inti Nusantara in order to improve the quality of life of the surrounding community. This research uses a qualitative approach that focuses on qualitative descriptive methods. The informants in this study were selected by purposive sampling technique. The data in this study was obtained through interviews, observation and documentation, the data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn. The results of this study show that the results of the study show that the implementation of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program carried out by PT. Wijaya Inti Nusantara, South Palangga District (Mondoe Village, Pasi Village, and Wawowonua Village) both from social and environmental aspects have been successfully implemented. Meanwhile, regarding the effectiveness of the implementation of the program on the quality of life of the community in the assisted villages of PT. Wijaya Inti Nusantara has been effective, because it has succeeded in improving the socio-economic life of the community through empowerment programs sourced from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds of PT. Wijaya Inti Nusantara. However, the implementation of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program is also faced with several obstacles, including the availability of funds that will be used to carry out all forms of programs and the use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds that are not in accordance with the substance of the use of the funds.