Model Of Socio-economic Development Research Articles

Creative Industries in Russian Regions: Challenges of Establishment and Conditions for Development

The most important pillar in the strategy for modernizing resource-based economies is the transition to a new, creative model of socio-economic development. It is the ability of creative and technologically dynamic countries to develop new ideas using advanced technologies. However, under current circumstances, the creative economy is not the main driving force of the Russia's economic growth. This is largely due to the insufficient degree of creative initiatives in most regions and, in general, their creative underdevelopment. Creative industries in Russia are still not considered as an object of management research; there is no system for regulating the creative sector of the economy at both federal and regional levels. The choice of methodology remains an open-ended question, since there is no single approach to defining the concept and estimating creative industries. The need to fill the methodological, organizational, and managerial gaps in the sphere of the Russian creative economy proves the relevance of the chosen topic and requires its in-depth research. In the article, the researchers present the calculation of the Сomposite Сreativity Index for the regions of the Russian Federation in dynamics for a nine-year period based on the methodology developed by the authors. The purpose of the study is to test the proposed methodology and search for effective organizational and managerial tools for the creative industries development in the Russian regions to establish the programs of territories socio-economic development.

Modernization of institutional support for the development of the knowledge economy

Introduction. The concept of the knowledge economy, which was formed at the end of the twentieth century, clearly outlined the decisive role of the knowledge resources in the ensuring of the sustainable economic growth. However, more than 20 years experience of realization of Ukraine’s efforts to form an effective model of socio-economic development and organically join the European community, using the knowledge potential of the economic transformation, shows the presence of the significant barriers along the way to eliminate the effective mechanisms. It is obvious that the challenges of dynamic technological progress, increasing competition in the world economic space, exacerbation of crises in all spheres of public life highlight the need for a consistent policy of creating a favorable institutional environment for the knowledge component of the national economy.Purpose of the research. The methodological basis of the institutional support for the development of the knowledge economy and identifying approaches to its improvement, taking into account the societal challenges, new risks and threats are substantiated in the scientific study.Research methods. The methodological basis of the study was the use of the systemic and institutional approaches in the process of the theoretical foundations and practice of knowledge economy analyzing. To achieve this objective, the following research methods were used: system analysis, systematization, generalization – in determining the preconditions, factors and results of the knowledge economy; logical – in substantiating the need to modernize the institutional support for the development of the knowledge economy; institutional analysis – in the study of the impact of institutional support on the formation of the knowledge economy.Results. Specific features of the knowledge economy are highlighted. They indicate the need to intensify the processes and develop the mechanisms for its development. The theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of the institutional support for the dynamization of the knowledge economy is substantiated. The trends of the globalized space, which determine the institutional guidelines of the modernization innovation and technological transformations of the national economies are identified. The methodological approaches to the identification of the institutional barriers and untapped opportunities for the development of the knowledge economy as a basis for developing of the conceptual approaches to the modernization of its institutional support are presented. Emphasis is placed on the need for the effective use of the strategic mechanism to provide a clear institutional framework for a consistent active economic policy of knowledge and innovation to improve the development of the national economy. Ways to improve the institutional support for the implementation of mechanisms for the development of the knowledge economy are identified.Perspectives. In the context of the formation of a qualitatively new institutional basis of the knowledge economy development, the issues of establishing of the effective cooperation between the government, educational, scientific, and business institutions towards ensuring of the systemic innovative and technological transformations of the economy is needed; likewise the development and optimal combination of mechanisms of multilevel management of processes of knowledge reset of economy with involvement of stimulating factors at the national, regional, local levels; and the use of the potential of social, value, ethical institutions in the process of formation and use of the knowledge resource of the national economy.

A comparative analysis of models of individualism within the Knowledge–Energy–Orientation triad

Subject. The article is devoted to the actualization of individualism as a natural ontology of the modern liberal economy. Objectives. The aim is to explore the possibility of realizing the real potential of the paradigm of individualism, which may have various forms of manifestation, and is positioning itself as a new, qualitatively integral and productive "being". Methods. The methodological perspective and disciplinary matrix of the study are based on the use of creative potential of the dialectic of "essence and phenomenon", as well as possibilities of logical and epistemological analysis of modern functional models of socio-economic development. The study also employs the content analysis of modern domestic and foreign sources. Results. The paper unveils that it is possible to verify the controversial judgment about the obsolescence of the neoliberal paradigm of methodological individualism, where it is necessary to distinguish the dysfunctional monetary-plutocratic form of individualism from the essence of individualism as such, which includes the far from realized creative potential of a possible new "being". An approximate outline of a new qualitative integrity of the individualistic concept is formed, where the spiritual-moral and value-semantic attractor becomes the "center of gravity". Conclusions. At present, individualism, as a natural ontology of modern liberal economy, needs to be significantly updated. The scientific and practical importance of the article’s provisions is an attempt to continue the discussion in the search for the most effective models of socio-economic development, to concretize the phenomenology of methodological individualism as an ontology of modern political economic analysis.

Territorios en disputa: un estudio de caso en la España vaciada

This paper analyses the trajectory of public policies in the face of the problem of depopulation, both at the socioeconomic level and for its impacts on the lives of thousands who are being displaced. It is based on a diagnosis to characterize the dimension of the problem. Then we reflect on the socioeconomic development model and its spatial impacts. We problematize the issue of depopulation incorporating approaches to the geography of power, the conceptions of space and territory, and the challenges of “empty space” in the context of disputes about natural and strategic resources. Finally, we analyze the socio-cultural impact and the rupture of community ties. Although the work is relevant to all of Spain, but it focuses on the Community of Castile and Leon, and more specifically León given that it is one of the provinces with the greatest depopulation and with less institutional support.

Imperatives of the "Renaissance" of individualism and the formation of its new circuit in the political economy analysis

Subject. The article focuses on the updating of individualism as a natural ontology of modern liberal economy. Objectives. The aim is to explore the possibility of realizing the real potential of the paradigm of individualism, which may have various forms of manifestation, and may position itself as a new, qualitatively holistic and productive "being". Methods. The methodological perspective and the disciplinary matrix of the study are based on the use of creative potential of the dialectics of "essence and phenomenon", as well as the possibilities of logical and epistemological analysis of modern functional models of socio-economic development. I perform a content analysis of modern domestic and foreign sources of data. Results. It is possible to verify the controversial nature of the judgment about the obsolescence of the neoliberal paradigm of methodological individualism, where it is necessary to distinguish between the dysfunctional monetary-plutocratic form of individualism and the essence of individualism as such, which contains unrealized creative potential of a possible new "being". I offer an approximate outline of the new qualitative integrity of the individualistic concept, where the spiritual-moral and value-semantic attractor becomes the "center of gravity". Conclusions. At present, the individualism needs fundamental updating. The scientific and practical significance of the article’s provisions consists in the attempt to continue the discussion within the search for the most effective model of socio-economic development, the formation of a new subject field, and concretization of the phenomenology of methodological individualism as an ontology of modern political economy analysis.

Peculiarities of socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus in the first half of the 1990 s.

The paper analyzes the socio-economic policy of Belarus in the first half of the 1990s in the process of its transition to market economy, and highlights the peculiarities of the economic crisis in this period. The methodology of work is a set of scientific principles, general scientific and special historical methods, as well as interdisciplinary and comprehensive approaches to the historical discourse of socio-economic history of Belarus based on the integral use of sources. Scientific novelty. It is the first time this issue is considered in Ukrainian historiography. Conclusions. It is noted that Belarus had to go through a rather difficult path in the first half of the 1990 s. It was caused by the transformational processes associated with the collapse of the USSR, the country's transition from a command-and-control system to market economic conditions, and took place within a structural economic crisis that affected all spheres of economic life. The market reforms of 1992–1994 (liberalization of economic life, privatization, support of entrepreneurship, development of competition) contributed to the formation of basic market mechanisms and institutions, but the Belarusian economy has failed to adapt to transitional market realities. At the same time, it was in the late 1980 s and early 1990s that the historical preconditions were formed for the creation of the now commonly accepted Belarusian model of socio-economic development, which came into existence in the second half of the 1990 s.

Formation of priority development territories in the Far Eastern Federal District as the most important component of Eurasian integration

The modern model of socio-economic development of Russia has formed in the past few years under the influence of global financial challenges and unpredictable political circumstances. This requires a search for new directions of strategic development sources, which are based on a truly historical transformation of the most promising areas in several subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. Without rejecting the prevailing imperative of "European" direction of cooperation, such an approach could be a turning point in Russia's development for years to come and ensure the strengthening of the Eurasian integration processes.

Models of labor markets in developed countries and Kazakhstan: a comparative analysis

For successfully solving the problem of entering Kazakhstan among the 30 developed countries ofthe world, a decisive transition to an innovative economy and the adoption of measures to modernizethe labor market are required. Under “modernization of the labor market” it is proposed to understandthe modernization in accordance with the latest scientific achievements, new requirements and normsin this area, adopted in the leading developed countries.The purpose of the article is to select the option of modernizing the labor market in Kazakhstanbased on the analysis of labor market models of the leading developed countries of the world.The main directions of scientific research are determining the relationship between the models ofsocio-economic development of countries and their labor markets, identifying the features of labor marketmodels, identifying of factors affecting the efficiency of the labor market and, accordingly, on theposition of countries in the world according to the global competitiveness index (GCI).Scientific and practical significance of the work: different interpretation of the concept of “modernizationof the labor market” is given, which led to comparative analysis of models of labor markets indeveloped countries and Kazakhstan. The methods of grouping, correlation and regression analysis wereapplied. The study of the relationship between GDP, employment, average wages and labor productivityallowed to characterize the features of the functioning of labor markets. The research results made itpossible to concretize and systematize measures to modernize the labor market. The labor market modernization project should become an integral part of the program of economic reforms in the country. Key words: labor market models, developed countries, Kazakhstan, the impact of the labor marketon the country’s competitiveness.

On the Management and Financial Resources Formation of Local Budgets

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of measures for the management of financial resources of local budgets. The objectives of the study include: conducting a theoretical study of management issues and the formation of financial resources of local budgets, studying the financial reports of the regions of Kazakhstan, statistical processing of the data obtained.Materials and methods. In the process of preparing the article, the issues of introducing the fourth level of the budget, on the participation of citizens in budget planning were considered. The authors analyzed the financial reports of the regions for the execution of the 2019 budget. In the process of preparing the materials for the article, the authors used the information of the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, analytical statistical materials, and scientific works of scientists of Kazakhstan.The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization), empirical (observation), statistical analysis, etc.Results. The public financial management system, in particular, has been the subject of large-scale reforms in recent years aimed at strengthening the country’s strategic development potential. In recent years, the orientation of budget planning to results has noticeably improved. The priorities of the “model of socio-economic development of the country” are agreed by the government and put forward by the Ministry of National Economy, and are duly reflected in the annual strategic plan of each ministry. Based on recent reforms, the programs outlined in the strategic plans are broadly aligned with the budget programs of the ministries, and management responsibilities in each province have been clarified.In recent years, important changes have occurred in relation to access to information, an online portal “Open Budgets” was developed, a civil budget was introduced, and centralized guidelines for their preparation were presented.Since 2018, Kazakhstan has introduced a fourth budget level for local governments. 90% of these budgets are formed from taxes and payments by residents themselves. Since January 1, 2020, in the cities of regional significance, villages, settlements and rural districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a population of 2,000 people and below, an independent local government budget has been introduced. In 2020, the corporate income tax (CIT) from small and medium-sized businesses as a revenue item was transferred from the republican budget to the local one. Thus, CIT receipts will be credited to the republican budget only from large business entities. Also, the maslikhats (local representative body) of the regions have the right to establish the standard for the distribution of CIT from small and medium-sized businesses between the regional and district budgets.Conclusion. Effective management of budgetary resources in accordance with the current budget policy should be guided by the implementation of the general goals facing the country’s budget system: impact on economic growth and employment, ensuring the economic and political functions of the state.The main priority in planning government revenues and expenditures is the well-being of citizens of Kazakhstan, namely, their social support, health and education, as well as creating conditions for high-quality post-crisis economic growth. Therefore, it is especially important to note the role and importance of measures to manage financial resources of local budgets.

Genetic influences on the interactionist model of socioeconomic development: Incorporating polygenic scores for educational attainment into developmental research using the Family Transitions Project (FTP).

Genetic and environmental factors account for variability in a range of developmental outcomes, including socioeconomic status (SES). The challenge is to find ways to incorporate genetic information based on studies using biologically related family members (i.e., studies not involving twins). To address this issue, we computed polygenic scores associated with educational attainment (Lee et al., 2018) for the Family Transitions Project (e.g., R. D. Conger & Conger, 2002) and incorporated them into the model tested by R. D. Conger, Martin, and Masarik, (2021). Polygenic scores correlated with observed educational attainment for all relevant members of the Family Transitions Project. Moreover, polygenic scores were correlated with many of the other constructs in the R. D. Conger et al. (2021) model, pointing to the relevance of genetic factors for process models of SES attainment. At the same time, the primary pathways described by R. D. Conger et al. (2021) remained viable when polygenic scores were included in the analyses, suggesting that the environmental pathways predicted by the interactionist model (e.g., R. D. Conger, Conger, & Martin, 2010) are still tenable. The current study thereby illustrates how genetic information can be included in tests of developmental models to clarify SES attainment across generations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

TOPICAL ASPECTS OF DCFTA IMPLEMENTATION IN THE JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS

The Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine is a new format of relations aimed at creating a deep and comprehensive free trade area (DCFTA) between Ukraine and the EU with the gradual integration of Ukraine into the internal market of the European Union. Focusing on the experience of rule-making of the EU member states, it is necessary to define and implement the legal rules and principles of the national judiciary, taking into account the rules and principles of European law (Chornomaz, 2016). In accordance with the strategy of European integration of our country, the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation is to approximate it with the modern European legal system, which will ensure the development of the political, entrepreneurial, social, cultural activity of Ukrainian citizens, economic development of the state within the EU to facilitate the increase of standards of living of the population. The implementation of the provisions of European legislation provided by the economic part of the Association Agreement (AA) is extremely important in the context of reforms, as the provisions can and should serve as a basis for a new model of socio-economic development of Ukraine. The deepening of the processes of humanization and democratization of Ukrainian society, the gradual introduction of principles and rules of European law into the national judiciary through reforms in the field of justice, inter alia, have led to qualitative updating of criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine, in particular: use of differentiated approach to legal conflicts between persons who have committed criminal offences, which do not pose a great public danger, and victims; simplification and reduction of the procedure of criminal proceedings; ensuring procedural savings; reduction of the caseload; allowing the parties of the conflict to resolve issues of exemption from criminal liability in case of reconciliation between the offender and the victim independently, the appointment of the negotiated punishment and release from serving with probation, etc. Given the specifics of the approach to improving relations with neighbouring countries on a differentiated basis, the EU seeks to identify and base on existing positive sources of sustainability, as well as to monitor and respond to weaknesses with the appropriate set of methods and resources at its disposal. The purpose of the article is to study a theoretical and practical definition of challenges of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union, institutional and organizational mechanisms of DCFTA implementation in the field of justice and certain norms of the current criminal procedure legislation. Ukraine is undergoing the second phase of radical reform of government structures; it has been continuing for 15 years but, unlike other countries, it is much more difficult for Ukraine to get rid of the burden of past problems. Judicial reform is also underway and domestic legislation is being significantly changed, including the transformation of the judicial proceedings. The topical issue of the development of judicial reforms is an imperfection, and sometimes a contradiction of regulations, which negatively affects the process of realization of rights and responsibilities of all subjects of public relations, slows down the development of Ukraine as a state governed by the rule of law. However, the introduction of institutions of concluding agreements, simplified proceedings, probation, and later mediation, into the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine indicates the readiness of our state to change the concept of criminal procedure in accordance with the European standards, which will improve the situation of all parties to criminal proceedings. However, they need further completion and improvement. We are convinced that the introduction of such institutions will contribute to the legal development of society to achieve the European standards of restorative justice, which will encourage the further introduction of the latter in the legislation of Ukraine, resolving criminal conflicts by reaching a compromise between parties in cases specified by law. One of the ways to solve this problem in Ukraine is to regulate the process of adoption of regulations by the subjects of rule-making and taking into account the provision that legality as an objective property of law, in general, is the necessary condition and the main principle of the rule-making process.

Freshwater pearl culture in Mexico: historic context, present status and future perspectives

AbstractWe revise the historic context of freshwater pearl culture in Asia, updating the present situation and perspectives of this activity in Mexico, and, possibly, in some Latin American countries. The review is based on the results of ten years of research conducted in southeast Mexico (state of Tabasco) to firstly determine the demography of freshwater mussel stocks and, based on this information, identify a target species with a higher potential for pearl farming: the fatmucket mussel Psoronaias crocodilorum. The main advances relative to the seeding technique for keshi pearl production and composite technique for half‐pearl (mabe) production are detailed and placed under perspective with China, as today's greatest producer of freshwater pearls. After ten years, several cohorts of keshi and mabe pearls have been produced, representing the first of their kind in Latin America. Although the yield and quality of these pearls has gradually been improved, some aspects of the keshi technique (preparation and seeding of the donor's mantle into the host's mantle) still require further optimisation. To promote social development, one of the goals of the project included the involvement of local communities in the manufacture and selling of handcrafts made from the shell. The other goal was to share the main outcomes derived from the keshi and mabe techniques with academics, producers, and government authorities through a series of training workshops aimed to create awareness in the local communities for the potential of freshwater pearl culture in Tabasco as an aquaculture‐based, environmentally friendly and viable model for socioeconomic development.

Незападные теории развития в эпоху глобального капитализма

Received 31.08.2020. This article is devoted to the evolution of non-Western theories of development in the epoch of global capitalism, i. e. after 1990. It describes in detail what is meant by this concept – models of socio-economic development, alternative to the Western neoliberal paradigm and associated with the modernization of non-Western countries, primarily in the “Global South”. Periodization of these approaches is given in connection with the process of decolonization (early 1960s), the end of the bipolar world, and the strengthening of China (since 2010s). Two main directions of such theories – neo-Marxian tradition, as well as post-colonial and anti-colonial studies – are shown. The author concludes that the “non-Westernness” of post-colonial studies is conditional, while anti-colonial and neo-Marxian studies are very much intertwined. The article shows the role of such organizations as CODESRIA and Third World Network in shaping the intellectual development agenda of the Global South. It traces the evolution of neo-Marxist approaches to development of the poorest countries, which originated in Latin American structuralism, American neo-Marxism, the works of J. Galtung and W. Rodney. By the early 1980s, the world-systemic approach was already dominant, its representatives were relatively capable to explain the collapse of the socialist system, and also made attempts to describe the growing influence of China. Nevertheless, the theory of the transnational capitalist class that emerged in the 1990s and 2000s was more successful from this point of view. The article investigates the phenomenon of an emerging confrontation between China and the United States in the ideological field – for the influence on leftist intellectuals around the world, and shows the main resources of both sides in this conflict. Special attention is paid to Postdevelopmentalism that developed in the 1990–2000s in line with postmodernist approaches; both strengths and weaknesses of this concept are presented. In conclusion, the author summarizes that neo-Marxist approaches play a key role as the major alternative to neoliberal capitalist development in the countries of the “Global South” while national modernization theories are lacking in the non-Western countries. Acknowledgements. The article has been prepared at RUDN University and supported by a grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). Project no. 19-111-50655 (Expansion) “Non-Western Theories of Development in the Age of Global Capitalism”. The author also expresses his sincere gratitude to P. Bond (University of the Western Cape, South Africa), T.M. Gavristova (YarSU), E.N. Grachikov (RUDN University), Li Yan (CASS, China) and V. G. Shubin (Institute for African Studies, RAS) for their valuable comments.

ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article notes that in modern conditions, an important direction of ensuring socio-economic development is its transition to innovative models, which should cover all reproduction processes. Ukraine proclaimed a course on innovative development. However, in terms of the coefficient of innovative development, our country is significantly behind not only highly developed countries, but also from Poland and the Baltic countries. And, unfortunately, this gap is growing. The authors cite the reasons for this situation, in particular the lack of a national innovation system in Ukraine. The article presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing the processes of development and implementation of innovative products. Among them are goods, services, technological processes and the like. The presence of a significant differentiation of indicators characterizing the level of innovative activity, namely: from 55.7% among enterprises in the field of pharmaceutical products and preparations to 3.3% in the field of water supply, sewage, waste management, is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the disclosure of factors that can ensure the transformation of Ukraine into a high-tech society based on an innovative model. This should be facilitated by the availability of appropriate resources, including human resources. It is noted that in Ukraine the number of workers who are engaged in research and development is decreasing. And this trend is characteristic of almost all branches of science, except for medical ones. The greatest decline is characteristic of the technical branches of science, which, of course, negatively affects the introduction of an innovative model of socio-economic development. A negative indicator in this context is the deterioration of the age structure of researchers: the number of employees involved in the implementation of scientific research and development under the age of 25 is quite low and high enough at the age of 65 and older. This is a threat to the intellectual continuity of generations, the loss of scientific schools, the scientific and personnel potential of the country. Improving the material and technical and personnel component of innovation, in turn, requires further strengthening of the financial and investment potential, which can be achieved not only by increasing the state budget for these purposes, but also by attracting funds from outside and by effectively managing the use of existing financial resources.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИОННЫХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЙ

The article presents the results of research on the justification of a new model of socio-economic development of rural territories in the conditions of modern civilizational transformations. The principles of endogenous development are the basis for the formation of a new model of rural development. This approach involves the socio-economic development of rural areas, based on internal resources – natural, human and cultural. The development of this theory is a neo-endogenous approach, in which the sustainable development of rural areas should be accompanied by the active use of external resources and support – globalization of social and economic ties, export of products, attracting external investment, and state support. The paradigm of socio-economic development is undergoing civilizational transformations affecting the basic laws of the development of society and the economy, defining new trajectories in order to promote the prosperity of mankind. In this regard, the main objective of rural development, in accordance with the new paradigm, is sustainable inclusive growth, ensuring an increase in the incomes of the rural population, along with an increase in its economic opportunities, level of protection and quality of life. The ideology of inclusive development is not aimed at optimizing the spatial structure of rural settlements, but at preserving and multiplying them, not at retaining the rural population, but at creating conditions for attracting those who want to live and work in the countryside. A conceptual model for rural development has been developed, the implementation of which will ensure inclusive economic growth based on an equal level of rural access to social benefits and services, financial and economic resources. Research findings can be used in defining public administration strategies in the new environment to shape balanced spatial development policies

Supplemental Material for Genetic Influences on the Interactionist Model of Socioeconomic Development: Incorporating Polygenic Scores for Educational Attainment Into Developmental Research Using the Family Transitions Project (FTP)

Supplemental Material for Genetic Influences on the Interactionist Model of Socioeconomic Development: Incorporating Polygenic Scores for Educational Attainment Into Developmental Research Using the Family Transitions Project (FTP)

Науково-методичне забезпечення вирішення проблемних ситуацій в регіонах України (на прикладі Харківської області)

Formulating regional development goals stands out as an important part of the state regional policy, which in its essence has a purposeful character reflected in the state’s permanent influence on the socio-economic development of the country's regions. Analysis of modern research on the issue has shown urgent need to deepen the theoretical foundations and toolkit for solving problematic situations in the regions, the latter being the purpose of the study. The theoretical basis to enable setting the goals (goal-setting) for regional development is substantiated. It is proved that the cognitive approach is among the most powerful tools for studying poorly structured systems and situations, and the expediency of using fuzzy cognitive modeling to form regional development scenarios and solve problematic situations present in the relevant regions is substantiated. A special algorithm to carry out structural analysis of socio-economic regional development and to form a fuzzy cognitive model has been designed. Using this algorithm, a fuzzy cognitive model of socio-economic development of Ukraine’s regions has been formed. Pulse modeling based on the fuzzy cognitive model of socio-economic development of Ukraine’s regions by the self-development scenario is carried out. Scenario modeling has been implemented as for raising the strategic goals level of socio-economic development in the Kharkiv region on the basis of pulse modeling. The expediency of introducing a criterion showing the total impact effectiveness of certain scenarios exerted on goals achievement topical for the Kharkiv region is analyzed. It is substantiated that this criterion should be based on weighted additive convolution of the growth rate as for the level of target factors relative to the self-development scenario. The scenario modeling of the Kharkiv region socio-economic development based on the cognitive model formed in accordance with the approach mentioned above shows that reaching the top level of the region’s goals requires implementing development scenarios based on the effective growth of the region’s scientific potential and its combination with other domestic potentials.

ЛЮДСЬКИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ У ЧАСТИНІ ОБОРОННОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

The issue of human potential development as one of the main sources of human capital and intellectual work in the field of defense of the country and in the country as a whole is studied. The problems of loss of human potential at the stages of its creation by analyzing the socio-economic and military situation in Ukraine, including demographic changes, changes in gross domestic product, income inequality in comparison with some European countries, the principles of personnel policy in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, management and defense spending in terms of the share of the state budget in the field of defense. The results of the analysis indicate a high level of inequality among the population of Ukraine, low purchasing power, the fact that there is a large arrears of wages, which negatively affects the ability to reproduce human abilities, as well as problems with compliance with international norms and practices. defense. An imbalance in the income of the population between the poor and rich classes, as well as the absence of the middle class. It is determined that it is expedient to create a favorable investment climate for the citizens of Ukraine, change the model of socio-economic development for the use of human capital, development of science and innovation, attract foreign investment, support national producers, preserve and create new jobs, carry out educational reform. scientific specialties that will be relevant in the future, taking into account technological progress, combating income inequality, creating a "middle class", and providing opportunities for citizens to receive a decent reward for honest work. Despite the significant growth of economic indicators, Ukraine is still characterized by a high level of poverty. This problem is solved in developed countries through adequate and effective state policy in the field of economic security, support of the national producer, creation of favorable conditions for investment processes, jobs, ensuring adequate financial support in the field of health, education and science.

Trabajo Decente? Decent Work from a Cuban perspective

In this article, we critically examine Cuban social and labour policies as attempts of a practical application of Decent Work principles in a state-socialist context. We start with an examination of past and present models of socio-economic development and labour relations in Cuba. This is followed by an overview of the main Cuban policy principles related to Decent Work, which we contrast with some developments in Cuban labour realities. To contextualize our analysis, we emphasize the conceptualizations of work, production and property, as well as the institutional logics that underly the Cuban labour models and policies. Finally, two policy areas are highlighted by way of example.

INNOVATIVE COMPONENT OF THE INCLUSIVE MODEL OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF EU MEMBER COUNTRIES

Topicality. The new inclusive model of socio-economic development is focused on the well-being of the population, promoting social cohesion and respect for human rights, as well as stimulates innovation and the transition to a carbon-neutral, sustainable and circular economy with human rights at all stages of a value chain. The inclusive model of the economy involves the development of all sectors of the economy and high-tech in particular. The EU has significant potential to achieve an inclusive model of economic growth through the opportunities provided by innovation. Innovations, on the one hand, increase competitiveness, labor productivity, and resource efficiency, on the other, create new jobs that promote human development, increase welfare, reduce unemployment, poverty, and inequality. Aim and tasks. Analysis of the current state and trends of innovation in EU member states. Research results. The article focuses on the study of the innovative component of the inclusive model of EU development. Peculiarities and tendencies of innovative development of EU member states are analyzed. In particular, the change of trends in innovative development of EU member states according to the Global Innovation Index in 2016 and 2018. Features and trends of innovation in EU member states and employment in industries with high and medium technologies and knowledge-intensive service sectors are described. The state of foreign trade is analyzed, such as the structure and volumes of exports of high-tech products for 2010-2018. Conclusion. The results of the study show an increase in the innovation potential of EU member states during 2010, 2019. A slightly lower level of innovation development is observed in the new EU member states. EU member states continue to rank high in the world innovation index and strengthen their position in the world.