Socio-economic Crisis Research Articles

СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОЇ ВІЙНИ

The article considers the social responsibility of the enterprise as the necessity and desire of the business to do good and important things for the benefit of its employees, society and the community in the conditions of a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The issue of the social strategy of the enterprise, namely overcoming the pressing problems of the existence of the business itself, as well as society and the state as a whole, has been investigated. Considering the complex modern operating conditions of organizations and institutions in Ukraine, we are talking about reconfiguration of business processes, ensuring safety for the employees of institutions and agreements with international partners regarding the supply of necessary raw materials for the preservation of the sustainable development of the company. Examples of successful companies that were able to find their way and set up the production of products not only for society, but also for the military as quickly as possible are considered; plan the production of new alloys/products, create new warehouses and sites, develop new formulas and continue production without waiting for international partners. The development of corporate social responsibility in Ukraine, obstacles to its development and how many enterprises are implementing CSR in the country are also considered in more detail. With new opportunities and programs from international partners, Ukrainian business is developing more and more, which contributes to the improvement of society's life, the exit from the socio-economic crisis and the support of the country as a whole. Paying attention to the problems that hinder the development of social responsibility in the country, providing enterprises with raw materials for stable production, unstable logistics and providing the population with safe workplaces. Attention was paid to the issue of corporate social responsibility, both its external and internal aspects, in the war and post-war period, as well as measures of financial and volunteer support of international business partners who also contributed to the support of our country.

The daily life of popular power: a JAP in the Gabriela neighborhood of Puente Alto. Chile, 1973

This article analyzes a record of meetings of a Board of Supply and Prices, of the Gabriela de Puente Alto Town (Chile), whose records cover the months of May to August 1973. The records are observed and analyzed in the document of the problems of daily administration of an institution created within the framework of Popular Power, and of the process of socialist construction of the Popular Unity government, dedicated to coordinating and monitoring the trade of basic goods and services. It is proposed that from the analysis of the source, it can be deduced that the administrative problems were addressed by the JAPs at the distribution level, as a technical and not a political matter, and without noticeable militant activism. In this way, the daily life of a JAP from the urban periphery seems to have been closer to administrative tasks in the socioeconomic crisis at the end of the Popular Unity government, and less to the militancy traditionally assigned to these organizations.

Women and COVID-19: A Gender Perspective on the Socio-Economic Crisis and the Opportunities for Change

Women and COVID-19: A Gender Perspective on the Socio-Economic Crisis and the Opportunities for Change

A Thematic Analysis on an Exploration of Concerns of Cancer Patients and their Caregivers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: COVID-19, a pandemic prevalent for a long time presents a multistep crisis;the first stage is an acute health crisis, followed by a healthcare recovery crisis in the second stage and a socio-economic crisis in an indefinite period. The study explores the challenges and specific concerns among patients diagnosed with cancer and their caregivers during the pandemic. Materials and Method: Qualitative research employs specific research methods such as in-depth interviews, content analysis, observation methods, and life histories or biographies to examine people’s experiences in detail. In the present study, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed and interviews were conductedto understand the experiences of cancer patients andtheir caregivers with health care and their daily challenges during the pandemic. A Non-random sampling method, involving males and females, within the age group of 18 to 65 years, and their primary care providers from the Regional Cancer Centre and other cancer hospitals are followed. Semistructured interview responses were collected from cancer patients and their caregivers., illustrative quotes were summarised and key themes from the interviews were extracted. Results and analysis: 9 Key themes with 20 subthemes were extracted in the content analysis. Difficulty having access to medical care, fear of infection transmission, lack of social support, loss of income source, drastic lifestyle changes, uncertainty about disease cure, and apprehension about the future,which result in cumulative disease burdenhave been frequently reported in the study.Conclusion: The current research is relevant in describing the experiences and perspectives of cancer patients and their caregivers, throwing light on the psychosocial issues and challenges during the pandemic situation, thus emphasizing the need for developing a supportive psychosocial intervention.

Prospects and Challenges to the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria

The global socio-economic and environmental crises are worsening daily. The scale is up and daunting. Poverty is glaring and evident in all spheres of life. The effect is much more on the developing nations, Africa and Nigeria being at the core. At the turn of the 21st century, the world woke up to the startling reality of a world so rich yet the majority of its populations live in poverty. Half of the three billion go to bed without a means of livelihood especially food in their bellies. By the year 2020 developing nations were already expending $1.3 on debt repayment for $1 they received in grants. In addition to this statistical reality, approximately one billion people entered into the 21st century not able to read and write. The environment is polluted with various outbreak of pandemics and deadly diseases which have claimed and still claiming millions of lives. These horrendous statistics moved the United Nations to adopt the Millennium Declaration on 8th September, 2000 in New York. From the Declaration came the millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of eight goals, 18 targets and 48 indicators which are committed to fight poverty, gender inequality and environmental degradation and to foster a global partnership for development (Oke and Oluwasuji, 2008:61; Oke; Oluwasuji and Simon-Oke 2011:61; Oluwasuji; 2013). As a follow-up to the achievement and attainment of the MDGs, World leaders on September 2015 during the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (a transmutation for MDGs to SDGs). The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development focuses on ‘a present and a future that is economically sustainable, socially inclusive and environmentally resilient’. This is expressed through the framing of the 17 SDGs, 169 targets and 230 Key Performance Indicators. It is also aimed at ending poverty, safeguarding the planet and ensuring that all people live in peace and prosperity by the year 2030. This paper hence, focuses on the prospects and the challenges that are posed as inhibitors to the attainment of these goals in Nigeria. The paper used secondary sources of data and content analysis. It is observed that as laudable as the dream of SDGs is, there are some inherent inhibiting factors such as insecurity, global economic recession, corruption, embezzlement and nepotism, secessionist agitations, youth restiveness, global pandemics, a monolithic economy, culture and tradition, insurgency and terrorism among other factors that will impede the attainment of the SDGs in Nigeria. The paper submits that for the goals to be achieved these factors have to be addressed head on. In addition to the fight, the paper suggested diversification of the monolithic economy from oil dependency to other non-oil sectors; involvement of non-state actors and non-governmental agencies, institutions and agencies vis-à-vis the critical stakeholders and civil societies to encourage socialization, awareness and public understanding of the goals. The paper also encourages the government to establish a special monitoring agency to monitor the activities earmarked under SDGs for effectiveness and efficiency to avoid the same old stories with other similar intervening agencies in Nigeria.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ РЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫХ ТРИБУНАЛОВ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ В 1917 – 1923 ГГ.

The article is devoted to the first measures of the Bolsheviks government aimed to combat crime and ensure the defense of the proletarian regime, the formation of the extraordinary judicial bodies, i.e., revolutionary tribunals, which marked the beginning of the establishment of the Soviet legal system. The relevance of the article is due to the need for an objective analysis of the historical experience of creating the system of revolutionary tribunals, and to the presence of "blank spots" in the historiography of the formation of the system of extraordinary bodies of the Middle Volga region during the Civil War. Comprehensive analysis of the formation of revolutionary tribunals on the territory of the Middle Volga region in 1917 – 1923 is based on the previously unknown materials from the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk region, the State Archive of Contemporary history of the Ulyanovsk region, the State Archive of the Saratov region, the State Archive of the Penza region and the Central State Archive of the Samara region. The authors examine the formation and legal status of extraordinary judicial bodies, as well as their permanent reorganization, and come to the conclusion that the process of formation of the system of revolutionary tribunals was implemented by local party structures. Under the conditions of socio-economic and political crisis, the revolutionary tribunals quickly turned into effective judicial bodies and functioned until the end of the Civil War, when they were reorganized into People's courts.

Exploring the Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Post-Covid Behavior

Problem: The COVID 19 pandemic has had a very strong and negative impact in several sectors of society, the economy and health on post-COVID behavior. Although it has caused a very large and generalized socio-economic and health crisis with regard to the labor market, employment and health, this pandemic has above all contributed to the increase in health inequalities, the loss of jobs due to the breakdown of resources in families, anxiety and depression, not to mention the loss of social ties and capital due to prolonged isolation; all of these are confirmed as social determinants of health. Objectives: Describe the social determinants of health that impact post-COVID behavior, determine the impact of social determinants of health on post-COVID behavior, analyze the consequences of the social determinants of health that impact post-COVID behavior and propose effective solutions to combat the social determinants of health on post-COVID behavior. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used and it is the qualitative data coding system that allowed us to achieve reliable results. Using Alain Bouchard’s sampling technique, 78 health professionals were selected. Quantitative data were analyzed using sta tistical software for the social sciences. Results : This article has highlighted the direct or indirect impact of the social determinants of health that impact post-COVID behavior such as barrier measures put in place by the WHO and the particularities of the virus on the behavior of the population. such as the determinants of health that have stimulated the individual to have good sanitary behavior, namely washing their hands often, which is a positive act for the good health of the population, the members of the community are made aware of going to the health facilities for early detection, community engagement in health prevention is the result of determinants of health and social well-being. Outlook: After the onset of COVID-19, we have observed an enhancement in hygiene protocols and the implementation of hygiene procedures, social distancing, and the provision of personal protective gear. Additionally, there has been an introduction of new methods of work organization through constructive discussions between employers and their workers’ representatives.

РОЗВИТОК РЕКЛАМНОГО РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ КРИЗИ

Advertising is an important component of brand communications with consumers, an important channel of providing information to the target audience about available goods and services. The article examines the current state of the development of the advertising market of Ukraine in the context of the crisis, examines the impact of the unfavorable external environment on the advertising market, outlines possible trends for its further development. The dynamics of the volume of the advertising market in the period 2018–2022 were considered, the impact on its development of socio-economic and political crises that occurred in Ukraine and the world in recent years was analyzed, their impact on certain segments of the advertising market was determined, and the changes taking place in them were outlined and industries related to the advertising market under the influence of crisis phenomena. Changes in the structure of the advertising market and structural shifts in the composition of advertisers were studied, and the main trends in the development of the advertising market of Ukraine were determined. The development of the advertising market in recent years took place in the conditions of economic, social and political instability caused by the corona virus pandemic and the invasion of Russia into Ukraine. Unfavorable conditions of the external environment negatively affected the results of individual segments of the advertising market and the development of the market as a whole. The segments of print advertising, outdoor advertising and advertising in cinemas suffered the greatest negative impact of crisis phenomena. Due to the beginning of the war, the decline occurred both in business as a whole and in all segments of the advertising market. In the first months of the invasion, the advertising market stopped, but in the spring its gradual recovery began. Enterprises began to adapt to changes, search for and implement new business models. But a certain number of media organizations ceased their activities due to destruction, occupation or financial difficulties. The article outlines the changes taking place in the main segments of the advertising market and related industries, and describes the main trends in its development.

Functional approach in the management of a tourism business enterprise

The article addresses the current problem of researching the peculiarities of the functional approach to the management of a tourist business enterprise operating in the conditions of war and develops practical recommendations for its improvement. With the help of methods of analysis and synthesis, the management functions of an active Ukrainian travel agency in the conditions of a systemic socio-economic crisis in the country are analyzed, positive aspects of management and problematic factors of development are identified, and proposals are made to improve the implementation of the functional approach in the management of the enterprise. The article suggests focusing on the planning of activities to ensure the physical safety of tourists and to create a digital information system of safe tourism with access to the Internet. The authors verify the operational efficiency of the agency, which overcame the negative consequences of the systemic crisis and is profitable in war conditions. Drafting a general business plan to coordinate operational plans and resource allocation opportunities is suggested. To overcome price shocks and take into account consumer priorities, the article proposes to introduce flexible pricing based on demand in the target market. The effectiveness of the implementation of the motivational function is confirmed by the creation of a capable team and the development of corporate relations. To increase the labor productivity of the staff, the authors suggest coordinating the remuneration based on the results of the activity according to the performance indicators and the level of motivational expectations of the staff. To increase the quality of implementation of the function of financial discipline control, the article proposes to determine the sources of cost savings and resource consumption. To ensure stable work in the conditions of a systemic crisis, the article recommends to introduce an analysis of the opportunities and threats of the external environment and the strengths and weaknesses of the agency. Prospects for further investigations are suggested to be directed towards identifying the sources of growth of the agency’s profitability and financial security management.

Governance principles for the wildlife trade to reduce spillover and pandemic risk

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath are the most significant socio-economic crises in modern history. The pandemic’s devastating impacts have prompted urgent policy and regulatory action to reduce the risks of future spillover events and pandemics. Stronger regulatory measures for the trade of wildlife are central to discussions of a policy response. A variety of measures, including broad bans on the trade and sale of wildlife to banning specific species for human consumption are among a suite of discussed options. However, the wildlife trade is diverse, complex, and important for the livelihoods of millions of people globally. We argue that reducing the risk of future pandemics stemming from the wildlife trade must follow established principles of governance which include being equitable, responsive, robust, and effective. We demonstrate how incorporating these principles will support the development of context-specific, culturally sensitive, and inclusive responses that recognize the on-the-ground complexity of disease emergence and the social-ecological systems in which the wildlife trade occurs.

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN TURKESTAN REGION: FERGANA PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE (END OF THE XIX CENTURY - BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY)

By the middle of the XIX century, the Central Asian khanates fell into a serious socio-economic crisis due to mutual wars and the weakness of the central government. As a result, during the years 1864-1895, the land of Turkestan became a colony of the Russian Empire. The Bukhara Emirate and the Khiva Khanate lost their large territories and became vassals of the Russian Empire, while the Kokan Khanate was completely abolished and Fergana Province was established in its place. Along with Russian officials and soldiers, Russian doctors also entered the country. This article examines the entry of Russian doctors into the Fergana region, the activities of Russian medical institutions, and the attitude of the local population to modern medicine.

Shift from black swan to brown swan approach during the COVID pandemic

The pandemic of COVID-19 and the lockdown imposed which took the entire world by storm has not only tested our physical health but also impacted our mental health in ways no one had envisaged! It led to a situation of socioeconomic crisis and mental anguish among the general population. It was indeed a black swan event as the response to the pandemic with worldwide lockdown was highly unpredictable having a colossal impact on the world and its functioning, however, several explanations have now come into view that has made the event explainable and predictable. The outbreak of a novel virus unknown to the medical fraternity and its explosive spread every day, conflicting messages from the government, lack of infrastructure for treatment, the spread of misinformation on media platforms, and an incessant quarantine have led to a sense of fear, apprehension, stress, desolation, weariness, frustration, and depression among the masses. The imposition of lockdown in the nation not only undermined personal freedom but also lead to huge financial losses, unemployment, work, and school closure, uncertainty, boredom, and stigma which had been major stressors leading to widespread emotional affliction and an increased risk of developing psychiatric illness during the time of the pandemic. People who were already suffering from some form of psychiatric disorder had been prone to exacerbations due to the pandemic. Individuals living with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, frontline workers, unemployed people, and people in quarantine were at a higher risk of developing some form of mental illness such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Resilience and good social support are the protective factors against this mental health epidemic that has begun. In this article, we reflect upon the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the mental health of people in India.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО КРИЗИСА

The article analyzes the features of the existing socio-economic crisis in Russia and in the world, highlights the periods of its development, notes the positive and negative impact of crisis factors, including the sanctions regime of Western countries against Russia, on its economic security. Attention is paid to the demographic crisis as the most important factor determining the economic security of the state. Directions for strengthening the economic security of Russia are proposed.

Resilient leadership in the food service sector in Lebanon

For the past two years, the Lebanese socio-economic crisis has had disastrous effects on the hospitality industry especially the food Service sector. During high adversity and incredibly challenging times, leaders must develop and nurture resilience in the organizations. Resilience may be the attribute that is most needed today by Lebanese leaders since they ought to be more responsive and more attuned to the unprecedented difficult conditions in the country. Based on the Duchek (2020) model of organizational resilience, and the crisis management approach, this qualitative research study focuses on gaining insight and understanding about the managers/owners’ perceptions of events and circumstances affecting their industry, and how they have adjusted to the challenges raised simultaneously by the worst economic crisis in the country and by the spread of Covid-19 around the world. The authors of the study utilized semi-structured interviews to collect and analyze the study data. The findings reveal that pursuing resilience is a process based on the interactions between organizational resilience capabilities and crisis management tasks, and it is mainly characterized by three phases: anticipation of potential threats, coping with disruption and adapting to the new reality.

An Emerging Storm? Increased Health Inequities in the Context of Racialized Patriarchal Capitalism, Deaths of Despair and Covid-19

his article discusses the gradual increase in Deaths of Despair in the United States, followed by a reversal in the increased life expectancy trend for a subset of the population. This phenomenon is examined in the context of pronounced social and health inequities linked to globalization and capitalism as well as the overall negative implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent socio-economic crisis, all having the potential to further worsen health and social inequities in the US but also globally. The development of effective and actionable solutions requires an in-depth understanding of the root causes linked to an overall decrease in population-level life expectancy. While focusing on the phenomenon of Death of Despair brings attention to the role of class in the creation of health inequities and increased mortality rates, this approach should be part of a larger examination of contributing factors. Scrutinizing the impact of other social location factors such as race, gender, age, sexual orientation and identity, migration, and citizenship status, along with their interaction is equally important. Research approaches that allow the stratification of analyses by population groups are needed to facilitate a better understanding of the observed decreases in population-level life expectancy. Such approaches require long-term and ongoing investments in research and the intentional collection of indicators that could reveal the breadth and depth of health and social inequities and the pathways through which they lead to increased mortality rates for various population groups. The sustained financial investment and efforts required to examine the causes of decreases in population-level life expectancy and to inform the implementation of protective policies that could reverse this trend have the potential to bring long-term societal dividends. An indirect outcome of the reduction of social and health inequities and the adoption of protective policies could be that individuals and populations regain their trust in social institutions and, as a result, enhance their active political participation through increased voter turnout and decreased political radicalization.

Evolving Aspects of an Extended Socio-Economic Crisis in Greece: FIRE and the Cost of Housing

Evolving Aspects of an Extended Socio-Economic Crisis in Greece: FIRE and the Cost of Housing

The Cholera Outbreak in Lebanon: October 2022.

In recent years, Lebanon has been struggling with a socioeconomic crisis exacerbated by population displacement after the Syrian crisis, which put a significant burden on its healthcare system. An additional challenge has been the response to a cholera outbreak- a deadly waterborne disease transmitted through the fecal-oral route that usually manifests as severe watery diarrhea and can rapidly progress to death. After reports of a cholera outbreak in Syria were disclosed in September 2022, the Northern Governorate of Lebanon too began reporting cases immediately after, and the first case was confirmed on October 6, 2022. The outbreak rapidly spread to other parts of the country. As of December 9, 2022, a total of 5105 suspected cholera cases with 23 associated deaths were reported across Lebanon. An estimated 45% of these cases were of children and adolescents below the age of 15 years. With the start of the vaccination campaign, awareness programs emphasizing adequate sanitation and clean water sources have become an urgent need.

Схоластика в экономической науке как симптом неизбежного кризиса

An academic text being described as ‘scholastic’ is usually perceived as a criticism, pointing to the text’s formal, dogmatic character. This characteristic was used from time to time in relation to the works of social scientists in the USSR. This term is much less common in modern academia, including the discussion of modern economic writings. This does not mean, however, that many of these papers do not deserve to be described as such, given the ever-increasing number of publications. The article puts forward a hypothesis that there is a connection between the scholastic style of reasoning and the construction of economic texts, signifying the onset of a crisis in economic research, accompanied by a transition to a full-scale socio-economic crisis. This hypothesis is being tested on the basis of two historical precedents — medieval scholasticism proper and the political economy of socialism. In both cases, the term ‘scholastic’ was applied relatively frequently to published texts. In addition, during the periods of feudal or Soviet scholasticism, the dominant role was played by religion or, in the case of the Soviet Union, ideology and its dominance was also reinforced by power hierarchies. While in the case of feudalism it was the Vatican that held the ‘monopoly on truth’, in the USSR this role was played by Marxism-Leninism and the Politburo of the CPSU. In the case of the Middle Ages, the authors use Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologia as the main object of discursive analysis and as for the Soviet period, the analysis focuses on the monograph Political Economy — Theoretical Foundation of the CPSU’s Policy published in 1989 by Soviet theoretical economists. Along with these sources, we also look at the works of A. Greif and E. Gaidar, showing a critical discrepancy between the scholastic discourse and economic reality.

A study of the socio-economic context and impact of influenza pandemic of 1918–19 on Bihar

The influenza pandemic of 1918–19 wreaked havoc all over the world, and Bihar, where more than a million people died, was no exception. The pandemic became more lethal in Bihar relative to what we know of other states in eastern India. Why did rural mortality surpass urban mortality? How did the pandemic worsen the socio-economic crisis in the years that followed? This study examines the socio-economic context of the pandemic in Bihar at a micro-level and investigates how the pandemic became unbearable for the people due to a severe economic crisis that resulted from the war and failed monsoons, among other factors. It seeks to explain the manner in which factors such as agricultural failure, inflation, high population density and poor health infrastructure resulted in higher rural mortality. It also shows how the loss of the younger generation and forced migration during the pandemic resulted in a lower rate of birth in the years following the pandemic, resulting in a loss of the labour force and worsening of the agrarian crisis.

Про спільні зміни ВВП за паритетом купівельної спроможності на душу населення України та Азербайджанської Республіки

The article examines the relationships between the key components of the levels of socioeconomic development of Ukraine and the Republic of Azerbaijan. The aim of the study is to build a model of intercountry regression of per capita economic growth of both Ukraine and the Republic of Azerbaijan and to perform a comparative cross-country analysis of the key component of inclusive growth of the two countries under the strong influence of financial and socioeconomic crisis processes and the ongoing war. The study is aimed at an empirical study of the joint movement of both indicators, the identification of cause-and-effect relationships and cointegration dependence, the determination of a long-term integration relationship, allowing to take the necessary steps and measures for the positive mutual impact of trade and economic relations between the two countries on the national socioeconomic development. As the level of economic development, GDP per capita was used, taking into account purchasing power parity (PPP). The analysis of the dynamic relationship of indicators is carried out on the basis of data from January 1990 to December 2022. The study uses econometric methodology, including the extended Dickey–Fuller test for the presence of a single root, the Granger test for causality, the Engle–Johansen tests for cointegration, the vector model of error correction, and standard diagnostic tests. Tests for stationarity, causality, and cointegration were performed at the 10% significance level in the entire sample. The cointegration of the integrated 1st order of non-stationary initial series is revealed, where the preferred variant is the one with a trend, in which the marginal rate of restoration of equilibrium between GDP per capita at PPP of the two countries in the current year after the shock of the independent variable in the previous year is noted. The result, showing that GDP per capita at the PPP of Ukraine is in a slight positive dependence on GDP per capita at the PPP of Azerbaijan, is obtained. The empirical model explains 95% of the variation in the initial levels, and the equation of the vector error correction system 51% explains the differences. Recommendations are provided to ensure a long-term equilibrium of the joint movement of GDP at the PPP of both countries and to reduce the imbalance