Socio-economic Status Of Farmers Research Articles

Peran Kelompok Tani dalam Peningkatan Status Sosial Ekonomi Petani Padi Sawah

This study aims to determine the role of farmer groups in improving the socio-economic status of rice farmers before and after becoming members of farmer groups. This research method is descriptive. Determination of the number of samples using the proportional sampling method. The results showed that farmer groups played a role in improving the economic status of lowland rice farmers with a total score of 1,283 and an average of 33.76. In conclusion, the socio-economic status of farmers before becoming a member of a farmer group was low and increased to high after becoming a member of a farmer group.
 
 Keywords: Farmers Group, Rice Fields, Role, Farmers

Prospect of Floriculture on Socio-Economic Condition Of Farmers in Gadkhali, Jashore, Bangladesh

Abstract not available
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(1): 77-87, March 2020

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesediaan Petani Meremajakan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit di Desa Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat

Palm oil is one of the plantation commodities that has received great attention in Indonesia because it has very high economic value as a producer of vegetable oil for food products, industrial oil, and biofuels. One of the important factors that determine the success of oil palm development activities is and from the farmers who participate in the replanting activities. Without the participation of farmers, replanting activities will not succeed because farmers are the main actors in the agricultural development program. The research aims to determine 1) the socio-economic conditions of farmers who are rejuvenating oil palm plants, 2) the factors that influence the willingness of farmers to rejuvenate oil palm plants. This research uses survey method. This research uses survey method. Research data collected is primary data collected directly from farmers. Data on farmer characteristics were analyzed descriptively, while the factors that determine farmers' willingness to rejuvenate oil palm plantations were analyzed using logistic regression models. The number of respondent farmers in the study as many as 50 people consisting of 64 percent of farmers stated that they were willing to carry out oil palm rejuvenation and 36 percent of farmers were not willing. Farmer's age, length of farming, plantation area and age of oil palm plants have a significant (significant) effect on the chances of farmers' willingness to replant oil palm plants in Tebing Tinggi Village, Tebing Tinggi District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. Then the formal education of farmers and the number of dependents of the farmer's family have no significant (non-significant) effect on the chances of farmers' willingness to replant oil palm plants in Tebing Tinggi Village, Tebing Tinggi District, Tanjung Jabung Barat.

ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KEDELAI DI TINGKAT PETANI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

Soybean is one of the horticultural crops developed in Indonesia, because of its benefits, besides being able to be consumed directly, it can also be used as raw material for home industries and large industries such as tempeh, tofu, soy sauce, soy milk and others. The various benefits of soybeans are not supported by sufficient availability, so that until now Indonesia is still exporting soybeans. This study aims to determine the soybean cultivation system implemented by farmers in West Lombok Regency. This research is a descriptive study, which was carried out in Gerung Village, Gerung District and Kediri Village, Kediri District, West Lombok Regency. Determination of the location in a stratified (two-stage) selection mechanism, is first to choose the sub-district with the largest soybean planting area, then from the selected sub-district the village with the largest soybean planting area is also determined. The number of respondents who were taken was done by non-random sampling, each village was 30 respondents, so that the total number of respondents was 60 people. The data used in this study are qualitative data and quantitative data, with data collection techniques using interviews, observations and documentation, and data collection tools using questionnaires.The results of the study indicate that the farming system adopted by the respondent farmers has not been fully implemented in accordance with the recommendations. This is related to the different socio-economic conditions of farmers.

PERAN KELOMPOK TANI DALAM PENINGKATAN STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI PADI SAWAH (Studi Kasus di Desa Sari Nadi, Kecamatan Kota Bangun, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara) (The Role of Farmers Group in Improving the Social-economic Status of Lowland Paddy Farmer (Case Study in Sari Nadi Village, Kota Bangun Subregency, Kutai Kartanegara Regency))

Paddy is a food crop that is widely cultivated by farmers as farmers group members in Sari Nadi Village. This study aimed to determine the role of farmer group in improving the socio-economic status of lowland rice farmer before and after becoming member of farmers group. This research was conducted from March to August 2020 in Sari Nadi Village, Kota Bangun Regency, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Determination of the sample number used the proportional sampling method. The data were analyzed by using descriptive method. Farmers group plays a role in improving the socio-economic status of lowland rice farmer with a total score of 1,283 and an average of 33.76. The socio-economic status of farmer before becoming member of a farmers group was low and increase become high after becoming a member of a farmers group.

Enhancing socio economic status of farmers through seed societies in Jabalpur district (M.P.)

Enhancing socio economic status of farmers through seed societies in Jabalpur district (M.P.)

Determinants of soil fertility management practices in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: logistic regression approach

Soil fertility in smallholder farms remains a major issue in Ethiopia and for many developing countries where more than 90% of the population's food is provided by smallholder farmers. This study was aimed to identify determinants of soil fertility management practices in smallholder farmers of the Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia where the agricultural landscapes dominated by coffee and enset crops. The study is based on cross-sectional data obtained from a total of 270 randomly selected households. Data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD) held with key informants from each sample kebele. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and a logistic regression model. The result of the study showed that to maintain soil fertility the majority of farmers relied on a number of organic farming practices that take full advantage of the nutrient cycles. The commonly used soil fertility management practices were green manure (98.1%), mulching (71.9%), minimum tillage (97.4%) and multilayered agroforestry (100%). The results showed that the socioeconomic status of farmers had an effect on the adoption of soil fertility management practices. Logistic regression analysis showed that the family size of the household had a positive significant (p < 0.05) effect on the adoption of compost and farmyard manure while the dependency ratio of the farmer households had a negative impact on both compost and farmyard manure adoption. The differences in education status of household head and coffee shrubs holding had a strong positive relationship with farmers' mulch adoption. The study also shows that livestock holding of the household was significant (p < 0.01) positive association with the adoption of farmyard manure. Moreover, the coefficient for the agriculture annual income and differences in agroecological zones had strong positive effects on the adoption of compost at and cover cropping. The findings suggest that soil fertility management practices in the study area could be enhanced by improving the income of farmers and targeting young families where all spouses and working-age household members work on farms. Moreover, attention should be given to enhancing intensive livestock management systems that support more livestock for the provision of farmyard manure and advising farmers to possess a manageable number of coffee shrubs.

Pesticide selection criteria of farmers for insect-pests and disease control measures in rice crop

The present study was conducted to know the farmers’ criteria for selecting and using pesticides for controlling the process of insect-pests and disease in rice crop and explaining differences in pesticides selection criteria amongst the farmers. The socio-economic status of farmers was studied to find the impact on knowledge of rice cultivation, pest management practices, knowledge of natural enemies and health hazards of pesticides. The majority of farmers used versatile practices like tank-mix application of pesticide, overuse of pesticides, improper spray techniques and preferred to use those pesticides that can kill all kind of pests quickly in rice crop. A large section of the farmers followed the advice of dealer for choosing the pesticide for controlling the insect-pests and diseases of rice. On the basis of factor analysis, the performance and technical criteria of pesticide considered the most preferable components under process of pesticide selection criteria of farmers to adopt the control measures practices in insect-pests and diseases. The findings of the study provided the highly useful information for better understanding of the factors affecting farmers’ selection of pesticides and for improving management strategies by extension formulation for promoting rational use of pesticides and strengthening the decision-making capacity of the farmers regarding judicious use of pesticides.

Impact of National Horticulture Mission on the Status of Beneficiary Farmers in Rajasthan District of India

India is mainly an agriculture-based country where majority of the people are engaged in agriculture. Diversified and boosted growth in agricultural is dependent upon the development of horticulture sector. Recognizing the importance of horticulture in stimulating the growth of Indian agriculture, government of India had launched NHM for the holistic development of this sector. NHM playing a important role in increase area as well as productivity of horticultural crops through motivation of farmers, providing guidance, subsidy and other facilities. It also plays an important role in improving the living standard of the farmers. It is a centrally sponsored scheme, launched by the Department of Agriculture &amp; Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India during 2005-06. Hence keeping the above facts in mind, the present study was conducted in 2020 to determine the socio-economic impact of NHM on the status of beneficiary farmers in Jaipur and Tonk districts of Rajasthan. A total of 240 beneficiary farmers were included in the sample of study. Study shows that NHM have positive impact with regard to occupation, annual income, saving pattern, expenditure, material possession, social development and employment generation of beneficiary farmers in the selected district. Thus, NHM improve overall socio-economic status of farmers.

Knowledge and Adoption of Drip Irrigation in Citrus Crops among Farmers ofWestern Haryana

Water is becoming increasing scare which limits agricultural development not only in Indiabut also in many parts of the world. Drip irrigation is an incredibly efficient wateringmethod that slowly delivers water directly to plant root system. The present study wasundertaken to assess the knowledge and adoption level of drip irrigation in citrus cropsamong farmers of Haryana state. Majority of respondents belonged to middle age group(51.67%), general castes (96.67%), joint families (68.33%) and having land between 4-10hectares (45.00%). It was found that majority of sampled farmers (61.67%) had high levelof knowledge while 31.67 per cent had moderate level of knowledge of drip irrigation.More number of farmers had high level of adoption (40.00%) whereas 35.00 per cent hadmedium and 25.00 per cent had low level of adoption of drip irrigation. Socio-economicfactors like income, landholding, mass media exposure, education and socio-economic statusof farmers were found significantly associated with the level of knowledge and adoptionof drip irrigation. It is concluded that more efforts are required to increase the knowledgeof farmers about drip irrigation for wider adoption of micro-irrigation technologies.

Impact of Interventions of ICAR-KVK on Groundnut Cultivation and Socio-Economic Status of Farmers of Ariyalur District of Tamil Nadu, India

Impact of Interventions of ICAR-KVK on Groundnut Cultivation and Socio-Economic Status of Farmers of Ariyalur District of Tamil Nadu, India

Socioeconomic status, ambidextrous learning, and farmers' adoption of biological control technology: evidence from 650 kiwifruit growers in China.

Rural China is characterized as having different rates of economic growth. The resource and socioeconomic statuses of farm households greatly affect their productivity and the activities they engage in. The main objective in this study was to explore the mechanisms concerning how socioeconomic status of kiwifruit growers affects their adoption of biological control technology (BCT). To achieve this objective, field survey data from 650 kiwifruit farmers in specific kiwifruit growing areas of Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces in China were investigated. The binary probit model and Bootstrap dual mediated utility models served to assess socioeconomic status's effect on farmers' BCT adoption. This study discovered a significant positive correlation between socioeconomic status and the adoption rate of biological control technology. Farmers of various socioeconomic status have significant differences in the rate of BCT adoption. This study's empirical analysis found that exploratory learning and exploitative learning under dual learning had a significant mediating effect on farmers' socioeconomic status when it came to BCT acceptance. Results show that the rate of BCT adoption is related to farmers' socioeconomic status and dual learning mode, which provides new insights for understanding how farmers implement new technology. This study will help agricultural extension departments increase their awareness of BCT adoption by farmers, and the development of diverse learning approaches in response to differences in socioeconomic status of farmers may significantly increase their likelihood to implement BCT. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Tenure Impacts on Livelihood, Income, Forest Condition, and Equity of an Upland Community in Negros Occidental, Philippines

This study examined the perceived impacts of the Integrated Social Forestry Program (ISFP) on the biophysical and socio-economic conditions of farmers in Barangay Patag, Silay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Specifically, it aimed to: (a) assess the perceived impacts of ISFP on local livelihood, income, forest condition, and equity (LIFE); and (b) identify the factors that are associated with perceived equity; and (c) determine the relationships between perceived equity and ISFP goals. Data were gathered through surveys and a focused group discussion. A total of 41 respondents composed the survey, while six key informants comprised the focused discussion group. Key findings showed that ISFP was perceived to have considerable beneficial impacts on livelihood and income sources. It also had positive impacts on forest condition particularly in the perceived increased of forest cover. Some beneficial impacts were likewise noted for equity across dimensions: gender; education; economic status; and membership. Finally, challenges in sustaining the program underscored the need for strategies to further enhance its positive impacts on the local community’s socio-ecological conditions

Effects of layer farming on socio-economic condition of farmers at Sakhipur Upazila of Tangail district in Bangladesh

Effects of layer farming on socio-economic condition of farmers at Sakhipur Upazila of Tangail district in Bangladesh

Impact of technical trainings on socio-economic status and knowledge to farmers for the management YMV and charcoal rot diseases of soybean by antagonistic microorganism and chemical pesticides

On the basis of Socio Economic Status of farmers records, technical trainings to Farmers and knowing the constraints of farmers faced during last years, an experiment was conducted in the year 2017 and 2018 Kharif season with four soybean verieties namely JS 20-29, JS 97-52, RVS 2001-4 and JS20-69 in four replications with control plot. Personal contact with farmers indicated that majority of farmers (60%)came under small land holders categories having only 3.0 ha cultivated area whereas 13.33% farmer occupied &gt; 10ha cultivated areas considered large land holding farmers. More than 57% young farmers having age below 35 years seriously engaged in agricultural work than old age (&gt;50years) whose interest was 26.66% followed by middle age groups ( 35-50years). As for as educational level was concerned, 56% respondents were of medium category having education between 10 th to higher secondary. Nearly 29% respondents had high qualification (Graduate and above) level while14% were of low educational level. Majority of respondents (78%) was engaged in Agricultural enterprise followed by horticulture+ (14.64%) and dairy (6.66%). Incidence of both diseases was also varied from variety to variety of soybean. Highest incidence of yellow mosaic disease was found in RVS2001-4(8.79%) followed by JS20-29 (5.57%) and JS97-52 (2.32%) whereas no incidence was observed in JS 20-69. It was observed that YMV affected plant either unable to bear the flowers and fruits (pods) or very few pods appear but dried prematurely. Results revealed that RVS2001-4 affected maximum (14.15%) with charcoal rot infection than JS20- 29 in comparison to JS97-52 whereas minimum incidence was recorded in JS20-69. Control plot affected more severely than demonstration and it was due to none application of trichoderma in seed and soil treatment. Among the soybean entries JS 2069 gave more yield (17.39q/ha ) followed by RVS2001-4 (14.57q/ha) in compassion to JS20-29 and JS97-52).Timely application of bioagent and chemical pesticides for seed/soil treatment plus spray and change of knowledge through technical training to the farmers during crop period play an important role in managed the diseases and enhanced the soybean productivity. The ratio of yield increased was 15.73% to32.04% over control. A training was organized after harvested of the crop to know the major constraints and observed that 94.66 per cent respondents were face difficulties recording lack of knowledge for identification of beneficial and damager pests followed by unavailability of quality bio-pesticides (93.33%) such as trichoderma, NPV, Bavaria basiyana and bio-fertilizers (81.33%) at local level for pests and diseases management. Besides above problems, unavailability of trained labours (78.66%), quality seed (68% ), rate of wages and problems of storage were also the important and time needed constraints.

Isolation and identification of peste des petits ruminants virus from goats in Egyptian governorates.

Background and Aim:The peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants which negatively affects animal production and the socioeconomic status of farmers. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) encodes eight proteins, with the viral fusion protein (F) playing a role in virus virulence and stimulating an effective protective immune response. This study aimed to isolate and complete the identification of PPRV circulating in goats in different Egyptian governorates and perform molecular characterization of the PPRV F gene.Materials and Methods:Samples were collected from unvaccinated animals with clinical signs suggestive of PPR. A total of 256 sera were tested for the detection of PPRV antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) kit, while 214 samples of blood buffy coat preparation, animal swabs (nasal, ocular, and saliva), and fecal and tissue samples were tested for the detection of the PPRV antigen using an antigen-capture ELISA kit. Molecular diagnosis, gene cloning, blast analysis, and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the molecular characterization of PPRV.Results:The seroprevalence results of PPRV antibodies in the tested sera showed a total of 67.9% positive samples. The rates of PPR antigen recorded by the antigen-capture ELISA in the swabs (nasal and ocular) and tissue samples were 44.3%, 46.8%, and 43.5%, respectively, with saliva swabs having the highest rate of PPRV positivity (76.4%) and fecal samples having the lowest (33.3%). Molecular characterization of the PPRV Vero cell culture revealed that the circulating PPRV strain belongs to the IV lineage. Blast analysis of the PPRV F gene showed 96.7% identity with the PPRV strain Egypt-2014 fusion protein (F) gene, KT006589.1, differing by 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the emerging PPRV belongs to the IV lineage among small ruminant animals. The findings also indicate the need for an innovative strategy to control and eliminate this disease based on a regularly administered and effective vaccine, a test to distinguish between infected and vaccinated animals, and the need for further study on the protein structure and PPRV F gene expression, which should help us to understand the molecular evolution of the virus and control and eliminate PPR disease.

Projected Food-grain Production and Yield in India: An Evidence from Statewise Panel Data Investigation during 1977-2014

Purpose : This study examines the impact of climatic change on food-grain production and yield using state-wise panel data during 1977-2014 in fifteen Indian states. Accordingly, it estimates the projected food-grain production and yield by the years of 2040, 2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100. Finally, it provides the effective practical and effective policy suggestions to reduce the climate change impact on food-grain farming based on existing studies. Research Method : Regression coefficients of food-grain production and yield with climatic and non-climatic factors are estimated using Cobb-Douglas production function model. Marginal impact analysis method is used to examine the projected food-grain production and yield. Findings : Empirical results infer that most climatic factors have a negative impact on food-grain production and yield in different weather seasons. Projected results are suggested that food-grain production is expected to be declined by 5.25%, 6.64%, 8.03% and 9.57% by 2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100 respectively. Food-grain yield is likely to be decreased by 1.05%, 1.96%, 2.87% and 5.07% by the aforesaid years. Research Limitations : This study could not capture impact of inter-states disparities in socio-economic condition of farmers, geographical conditions, agriculture policies and public spending on agriculture and rural development on food-grain production and yield. It also could not include factors such as solar radiation, sun intensity, wind speed and heat wave in empirical investigation. Originality/ Value : It compiles state-wise panel of food-grain production and yield as dependent variables, and climatic variables and non-climatic factors as explanatory variables during 1977-2014. It examines the projected food-grain production and yield.

Changes in LULC and agricultural practices in narkhed critical zone observatory: Understanding ground water depletion

Depletion of water resources and unavailability of water is a major challenge for the country. Land use changes have also contributed to unavailability of water. Narkhed taluka in Nagpur, Maharashtra practices groundwater dependent extensive agriculture and the area has seen rapid change in Land use land cover (LULC) in the last few decades. Present study was carried out to understand the impact of changes in LULC in water availability and agricultural practices over the last two decades (1999 to 2018). Remote sensing/Geographical information system (RS/GIS) form change detection study followed by questionnaire survey approach was used for understanding the scenario. The change detection study provided an overview on the decrease of barren land by 13.7% and vegetation cover by 15.6% in the study area. Increase in fallow land, water body, and built-up was 23.2%, 2.3%, and 3.8% respectively. It was observed from survey responses that around 71% of farmers in the area lack sufficient water for irrigation, while only 29% of farmers have access to adequate water, and 7% agriculture is still rain-fed. Shift in cropping pattern from indigenous to cash crops is seen. Thus, high water demand for cash crops, the cultivation of orange and cotton has decreased by 1% and the cultivation of cereals has increased by 17%. Socioeconomic conditions of farmers has been affected. Although, construction of reservoir in the region has increased surface water yet is not sufficient. The Critical Zone Observatory in this study endorses transformative agriculture, restoring the critical zone functions and services in the region.

Profitability of Mulberry cocoon production in West Bengal

Objectives: To examine the profitability of mulberry cocoon production and to identify the reasons for marginalization of mulberry sericulture in West Bengal, India. Methods/Statistical analysis: The primary data pertaining to socio-economic status of farmers and costs &amp; returns of mulberry cocoon production was collected from 240 respondents (Malda, Murshidabad &amp; Birbhum) using pre-tested structured interview schedule following multi-stage purposive random sampling. The economics of mulberry cocoon production was worked out using budgeting technique. Findings: Mulberry cultivation in West Bengal was pronounced on marginal/small farms with average mulberry holding of 0.66 acre. Cost of production per kg of mulberry cocoon on marginal farms worked out to |283 and the profitability expressed in terms of the returns per rupee of expenditure was |1.47. Inadequate land holding and labour-intensive nature of mulberry cultivation are identified as major causes for marginalization of mulberry sericulture in West Bengal. Application/Improvements: The cost estimates will serve as the basis for policy-makers to intervene for the announcement of minimum support price in the event of price crash. Labour cost formed major chunk in the total cost of production of mulberry cocoon on marginal/small farms reelecting the scope for development of suitable implements &amp; equipments for economizing mulberry sericulture. JEL classification: Q1 Keywords: Profitability; marginal farm; small farm; Mulberry sericulture; cocoon; budgeting technique

Status, Strategies and Challenges for Farm Mechanization in Narmada District, Gujarat

Adoption of Farm Machines in a region depends greatly on socio economic condition of farmers. A survey was conducted in Dediapada taluka, Narmada District, Gujarat to assess their socio-economic status and their effect on mechanisation level. The maximum, minimum and average values of mechanization index are 78, 7 and 24, respectively. The mechanization tool level (MTL), which indicates percentage of mechanization used for particular farming operation in Dediapada region were 40% for tillage, 11 % for sowing, 18 % for intercultural, 35% for spraying, 22 % for weeding, 14 % for harvesting and 33 % for threshing. This paper also discusses future strategies for enhancement of mechanization in region.