Socio-demographic Related Factors Research Articles

All-cause mortality over a three-year period among community-dwelling older adults in Southern Brazil.

To evaluate all-cause mortality in approximately three years of follow-up and related sociodemographic, behavioral and health factors in community-dwelling older adults in Pelotas, RS. This was a longitudinal observational study that included 1,451 older adults (≥ 60 years) who were interviewed in 2014. Information on mortality was collected from their households in 2016-2017 and confirmed with the Epidemiological Surveillance department of the city and by documents from family members. Associations between mortality and independent variables were assessed by crude and multiple Cox regression, with hazard ratio with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Almost 10% (n = 145) of the participants died during an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, with a higher frequency of deaths among males (12.9%), ?80 years (25.2%), widowhood (15.0%), no education (13.8%) and who did not work (10.5%). Factors associated with higher mortality were: being a male (HR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.9 - 4.2), age ?80 years (HR = 3.9; 95%CI 2.4 - 6.2), widowhood (HR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.4 - 3.7), physical inactivity (HR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.1 - 4..6), current smoking (HR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.6), hospitalizations in the previous year (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.2), depressive symptoms (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 - 3,4) and dependence for two or more daily life activities (HR = 3.1; 95%CI 1,7 - 5.7). The identification of factors that increased the risk of early death makes it possible to improve public policies aimed at controlling the modifiable risk factors that can lead to aging with a better quality of life.

Age, gender and side-stratified grip strength norms and related socio-demographic factors for 20–80 years Iranian healthy population: Comparison with consolidated and international norms

As an index for many adverse health outcomes, normative values on handgrip strength are established for many populations. The aim of this study was to establish handgrip strength (HGS) norms for the Iranian population and to compare them with other existing norms. Related variables affecting HGS were also determined in order to provide appropriate prediction models. The sample consisted of 4282 Iranian 20–80 years adults; divided into 5-year intervals, male/female and dominant/non-dominant hand. Results were compared to consolidated data and those of some other countries. To ensure a valid and comparable dataset, HGS was measured using the JAMAR® hydraulic dynamometer following the standardized procedure. Hand length, palm length, palm width, forearm length, wrist circumference, forearm circumference, height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. HGS norms for Iranian adults were established. Inverted U-shaped lifespan profiles were found with mean maximum values of about 53 kg for males (35–39 years) and 31 kg for females (40–44 years). Two regression models (by hand dominance) were developed. The mean values of HGS in Iran were weaker than consolidated norms but greater than in some Asian countries. Applying normative data specific to each population is more accurate than international or multinational norms. It is recommended to investigate the causes of accelerated age-related decline in HGS of Iranian elders in future studies.

Physical activity levels and related sociodemographic factors among Iranian adults: Results from a population-based national STEPS survey.

Background: Physical inactivity (PA) is one of the leading modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. This study aimed to determine PA levels and related sociodemographic factors as risk factors for NCDs among Iranian adults. Methods: In this cross sectional study, data were collected from the sixth nationwide STEPS survey in 31 provinces of Iran. A total of 6100 individuals aged 18-64 years were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method, and their PA levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and analytical tests, including chi-square, ANOVA, and independent t tests in SPSS version 21 software. Results: The prevalence of vigorous, moderate, and low levels of PA was 36.3% (95%CI:35.1-37.5), 29.2% (95%CI:28-30.3), and 34.5% (95%CI:33.3-35.7) in participants, respectively. The mean ± SD of total MET-min/week was 1842.3±2619.3. Total mean ± SD duration of PA was 98.2 ± 115 min/week (125.8±142.6 and 77.2±84.5 min/week in men and women, respectively). Transport-related PA and severe PA at work had large and small contributions to overall PA, respectively. Urbanization, sex, age, family size, and occupation status were identified as factors associated with PA levels (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed a significant prevalence of low PA among the target population and some sociodemographic characteristics identified as factors associated with PA. Identification of these factors can develop more effective interventions to promote PA.

Factors associated with non-adherence in chronic patients with multiple comorbid conditions

Background: To determine the association of non-adherence to the various age groups and related sociodemographic factors, this study was conducted. Materials and Methods: In different departments of Services Hospital Lahore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted. 370 patients voluntarily participated in the study. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using chi-square. The level of significance was 0.05%. Results: In this study, 33.3% of patients were below the age of 40 years and 46.3% of patients were above the age of 40 years and were not adherents because of the experience that they did not get benefit from the treatment. Similarly, 21.5% of patients below age 40 and 22.3% of patients above age 40 think that they do not need medicine. 38.5% of patients below age 40 and 54.3% of patients aged above 40 stopped medicine after becoming better. Conclusion: None-adherence found more prevalent among elderly patients.

Adherence to Antiepileptic Drugs and Seizure Control Among Patients with Epilepsy

Background: Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) are the primary therapeutic modes forepileptic patients and have been demonstrated to control seizure, which decreasesmorbidity and mortality associated with epilepsy. There is a paucity of data on drugadherence and seizure control status among epileptic patients in Bangladesh. Theaim of this study was therefore to assess adherence among epileptic patients and tosee association between adherence and control of seizures.&#x0D; Methods and materials: A cross-sectional observational study was conductedamong 253 patients who visited into outdoor and admitted inindoor of Neurologyand Medicine Department of Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH) with aclinical diagnosis of epilepsy. Epileptic Patients who had taken AED for at least oneyear or more were recruited in the study to evaluate adherence and seizure controlthrough patient interview. Factors affecting adherence were determined usingregression analysis.&#x0D; Results: 38.8% patients were adherent to their treatment and only 33.6% of thepatients had controlled seizure, forgetfulness (35%) was the most reason for nonadherence.Monontherapy was commonly (72.7%) used, among which Valproic acidwas the most commonly utilized (30.4%) single anticonvulsant drug. Many factorswere affecting patient’s adherence such as socio-demographic related factors (age,education, occupation), therapy related factors and cost. Adherence to AED wasfound to have a significant association with seizure control status.&#x0D; Conclusions: The rate of adherence observed in this study was low. The mostcommon reason for nonadherence was forgetfulness. The findings indicate thatadherence was associated with well seizure control.&#x0D; Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 68-73

Predicting the use frequency of ride-sourcing by off-campus university students through random forest and Bayesian network techniques

Abstract This study used a survey technique to investigate factors that motivate the adoption and the usage frequency of ride-sourcing among students in a Malaysia public university. Two of the most broadly used machine learning techniques, Random Forest technique and Bayesian network analysis were applied in this study. Random Forest was employed to establish the relationship between ride-sourcing usage frequency and students' socio-demographic related factors, built environment considerations, and attitudes towards ride-sourcing specific factors. Random Forest identified 10 most important factors influencing university students’ use of ride-sourcing for different travel purposes, including study-related, shopping, and leisure travel. These important predictors were found to be indicators of the target variables (i.e., ride-sourcing usage frequency) in Bayesian network analysis. Bayesian network analysis identified the students' age (0.15), safety perception (0.32), and neighbourhood facilities in a walkable distance (0.21) as the most important predictors of the use of ride-sourcing among students to get to school, shopping, and leisure, respectively.

HIV Non-Occupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) Awareness, Usage, Willingness, and Promotion in China: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Five Key Populations

Background: In China, the 13th Five Year Action Plan for HIV/AIDS Containment and Prevention is examining the feasibility of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) as a national strategy for HIV prevention. We investigated nPEP usage and willingness and related socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 10 cities in China from November 2018 to September 2019, using convenience sampling to recruit participants aged 18 years and over, self-reporting HIV status as either negative or unknown, providing written informed consent and participating voluntarily from five key populations. Findings: Our analysis included data from 2022 participants with a mean age of 35 years (SD = 11.62). There were 57 (2.82%) having used nPEP, 857 (42.38%) participants hearing of nPEP, 1348 (66.67%) willing to use nPEP in future exposure, and 1728 (85.46%) endorsing nPEP promotion. Socio-demographic and behavioural factors related to both nPEP usage and willingness included populations (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001 respectively), age (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 respectively), education (p < 0.05, p < 0.001 respectively), nPEP knowledge (p < 0.01, p < 0.0001 respectively), and receiving conventional HIV prevention services (p < 0.05, p < 0.05 respectively). 26% nPEP users used nPEP medication for more than once and more than 90% of them reported willingness to use nPEP again in future exposure. Medical reliability and trust was an emerging challenge. Interpretation: The key populations in China need nPEP services, particularly older and illiterate individuals with poor knowledge of nPEP, and those from FSWs and drug users. The implementation of nPEP services is an important step to access high-risk individuals for intensive and tailored HIV prevention and intervention. Funding: China National Key Research and Development Program and National Science and Technology Major Project, and the i Guardian Platform of the People's Medical Publishing House. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: All study procedures were approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Public Health at Shandong University (IRB No:20180904).

Semen quality among men attending urology services in the Dschang Health District, west Cameroon: A retrospective study on 379 cases.

BackgroundInfertility is a common condition affecting at least 15% of couples worldwide, and male factors are involved in about half of this prevalence rate. In Cameroon, about 20%-40% of couples are the victims. However, the sperm characteristics of infertile men are yet to be described in the health districts in Cameroon for better management of male infertility.Objective The present study was designed to assess the sperm profile and related sociodemographic factors of men attending the urology services at the Dschang Health District.Materials and Methods It consisted of a 10 yr retrospective study carried out in the Dschang Health District. The results of patients' semen analysis (SA) were computed using Epi Info software and expressed as qualitative and quantitative spermogram state as described by the clinician and sociodemographic features of those patients.ResultsOut of the 379 patients studied, 83.91% had abnormal spermogram. Patients older than 50 yr were the most affected when grouped into age categories. With regard to patient's profession, 52.51% had specified their profession and from that group, although farmers (9.31%) represented the lowest size category, they were the most affected with 94.74% having abnormal spermogram.ConclusionThis study indicates that the sperm damage is the major cause of male infertility in the Dschang Health District. It also shows that farmers are the most affected category and it could be linked to the long-term exposure to pesticides. These results call for the assessment of the reproductive toxicity of locally used pesticides.

CORRELATION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT RELATED SDGS 6,7 AND 15 INDEXES OF 2018 AND SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS ACROSS VARIOUS STATES IN INDIA – A CROSS SECTION ANALYSIS

Sustainable development shall no longer a concern of environmentalists or developmental organizations. It is now, has become an intrinsic thought process of every country’s planning mechanism. Policy makers have to integrate every development indicator such as poverty, health, water & sanitation, environment, education, policy initiatives, innovation i gender related socio-demographic factors like population in rural areas, sex-ratio, female literacy rates and the quality in education- SDG 4 on the SDGs performance index score. Role of women in environment related issues proved to be significant through statically significant outcomes of the study related determinants like female literacy and sex ratio impact on SDG 6, SDG 7 and SDG 15.

Social media usage and health promoting lifestyle in profile related socio-demographic factors in Turkey.

Background: Social media represents a revolutionary new trend that offers opportunities for and threats toward modifying health behaviours. Although social media has considerable health promotion and education tools, this article summarizes the relationship between the health promoting lifestyle and Facebook usage, as Facebook is one of the most popular tools in social media. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive study with 423 Facebook users living in Ankara, Turkey. Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) was used to describe the complex links between health behaviours, social media usage and demographic characteristics. Results: In this study, a two-dimensional solution with an actual fit measure equal to 0.958was found, and this solution can be interpreted as about 48% of the explained variance. This two-dimensional result shows the relationships and differences between healthy lifestyle subdimensions, social media usage and some demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Using OVERALS, we found evidences supporting associations among social media use, health promoting lifestyle and socio-demographic factors. Further, the complex correlations among these variables were interpreted.

Anxiety levels, quality of life and related socio-demographic factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety level and quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus and the sociodemographic factors affecting them. This cross-sectional study enrolled 150 patients with DM who presented to the endocrinology clinic of Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Training Hospital for outpatient treatment between March 2017 and April 2017. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Eortc-Qlqc30 Quality of Life Scale (EORTC- QLQ-C30) were used to evaluate anxiety levels and quality of life of the patients. The mean score of the patients obtained from BAI was 18 ± 13 and 51.4 ± 26 from EORTC- QLQ-C30. Mean body mass index of patients' was 27.03. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BAI and EORTC QLQ-C30 (r:-0.359) and sub scales in terms of physical function (r: -0.253), emotional function (r: -0.201), role function (r: -0.308), cognitive function (r: -0.309) (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between BAI and the symptom subscales of EORTC QLQ-C30 in terms of pain score (r: 0.276), fatigue score (r: 0.305), dyspnea score (r: 0.198), insomnia score (r: 0.247), loss of appetite score (r: 0.216) (P < 0.05). A negative relationship was determined between anxiety levels and quality of life. Age, marital status, number of spouses, co inhabitants at home, educational status, living place were related with both quality of life and anxiety levels of DM patients. Increasing the psychosocial support systems of individuals with DM may reduce their anxiety levels and increase quality of life.

Relative importance of clinical and sociodemographic factors in association with post-operative in-hospital deaths in colorectal cancer patients in New South Wales: An artificial neural network approach.

Co-morbidities in colorectal cancer patients complicate hospital care, and their relative importance to post-operative deaths is largely unknown. This study was conducted to examine a range of clinical and sociodemographic factors in relation to post-operative in-hospital deaths in colorectal cancer patients and identify whether these contributions would vary by severity of co-morbidities. In this multicentre retrospective cohort study, we used the complete census of New South Wales inpatient data to select colorectal cancer patients admitted to public hospitals for acute surgical care, who underwent procedures on the digestive system during the period of July 2001 to June 2014. The primary outcome was in-hospital death at the end of acute care. Multilayer perceptron and back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to quantify the relative importance of a wide range of clinical and sociodemographic factors in relation to post-operative deaths, stratified by severity of co-morbidities based on Charlson co-morbidity index. Of 6288 colorectal cancer patients, approximately 58.3% (n = 3669) had moderate to severe co-morbidities. A total of 464 (7.4%) died in hospitals. The performance for ANN models was superior to logistic models. Co-morbid musculoskeletal and mental disorders, adverse events in health care, and socio-economic factors including rural residence and private insurance status contributed to post-operative deaths in hospitals. Identification of relative importance of factors contributing to in-hospital deaths in colorectal cancer patients using ANN may help to enhance patient-centred strategies to meet complex needs during acute surgical care and prevent post-operative in-hospital deaths.

Healthy lifestyle behaviors of medical and vocational high school students and related socio-demographic factors

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi ve Van Meslek Yüksek Okulu’nda eğitim gören öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi ve bu davranışlarla ilişkili sosyo-demografik özelliklerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmanın evreni Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi ve Van Meslek Yüksek Okulu’nda eğitim gören 1842 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Tabakalı ve sistematik yöntemle seçilen 470 öğrenci örnek grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini ve sağlıklarıyla ilgili bazı konuları sorgulayan bir anket ile Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları-II (SYBD-II) ölçeği gözetim altında uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin 313’ü (%66.6) Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda, 157’si (%33.4) Tıp Fakültesinde öğrenim görmektedir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin 199’u (%42.6) kız, 268’i (%57.4) erkektir. Öğrencilerin yaşlarının ortanca değeri 22’dir (en küçük-en büyük=17-60). Öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeğinden aldıkları puanın ortalaması 123.2±20.6’dir. Fakülteler arasında SYBD toplam puanı açısından istatistik olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p=0.05). Sonuç: Öğrencilerin SYBD toplam puanı ortalaması orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. SYBD düzeyinin artırılması için farkındalık yaratma ve bilinçlendirme çalışmaları yapılmalıdır.

Household food security status and its associated factors in Baft-Kerman, IRAN: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACTFood insecurity is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, which has considerable health impacts on the social, physical, and psychological status. This study aimed to examine the food security status and its related sociodemographic factors among the households living in Baft city of Iran. A sample of 702 households was selected by a simple random sampling method from January to March 2017. Using U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Security questionnaire, 34.3% of households showed some degree of food insecurity. Lower household size (OR = 0.84, CI: 0.73–0.97, P = .02), higher welfare facilities (OR = 1.55, CI: 1.32–1.81, P < .001), educational levels of the mothers and their spouse (being diploma as compared to under-diploma) (OR = 1.57, CI: 0.98–2.53, P = .04 and OR = 1.65, CI: 1.05–2.57, P = .02), governmental employment as compared to unemployment of the spouse (OR = 1.85, CI: 1.14–2.99, P = .01), and house ownership (rent compared to owner house; OR = 0.41, CI: 0.21–0.81, P = .01) were significantly associated with food security. The findings showed food insecurity was associated with some sociodemographic factors among households in Baft. These findings demonstrate that the government needs to continue its efforts to provide appropriate funding for population-based programs and policies, to enhance food security of the people living in this city.

Abstract 5044: Prostate adenocarcinoma incidence and risk factors in Veterans with well controlled HIV infection

Abstract (a) Although prostate cancer is projected to be one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in HIV-infected men overall, little is known about its risk in the sub-group with well-controlled HIV-infection. (b) We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine age-adjusted incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma in HIV-positive male veterans utilizing Veterans Administration (VA) healthcare between 10/01/1999 and 12/31/2016. HIV infection and prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis as well as related clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle risk factors were obtained using extant VA administrative healthcare databases, the VA cancer registry, and augmented prostate cancer diagnosis with direct electronic medical record (EMR) review. We defined well controlled HIV as &amp;gt;60% of time with an undetectable HIV viral load and limited our analyses to those with a minimum of 90 days between HIV and prostate diagnosis, death, their last recorded health care encounter, or study end. We employed time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression models and used backward elimination to identify risk factors associated with incident prostate adenocarcinoma; effects are reported as Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). (c) During an average 10.26 years of follow-up, we identified 587 incident prostate adenocarcinomas among our cohort of 19,079 HIV positive men with well-controlled infection (age-adjusted incidence rate [IR] = 83.31 per 100,000-person years, 95% CI: 76.83-90.33); with a significant increasing trend over time. We identified several factors associated with significant increased risk of incident prostate adenocarcinoma, after adjusting for HIV medication use, in our well-controlled HIV-positive cohort including substance abuse (HR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.27-2.24, p=0.0003), age at HIV diagnosis (HR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.25-2.39, p=0.0010), and black race (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.58-2.72, p&amp;lt;.0001). History of alcohol abuse (HR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.39-0.75, p=0.0002), longer time with well-controlled infection (HR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.59-0.67, p&amp;lt;.0001), and receiving integrase inhibitors (HR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.92, p=0.041) were associated with reduced risk. Several risk factors included in the multivariable model, such as PSA testing, testosterone levels, and maximum BMI, were not found to be significantly associated with or protective for prostate cancer. (d) Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to better identify sub-groups of well-controlled HIV-positive men at greatest increased prostate cancer risk. Citation Format: Kathryn E. Royse, Jose M. Garcia, Donna L. White, Jennifer R. Kramer, Yongquan Dong, Suchismita Raychaudhury, Peter A. Richardson, Christine Hartman, Elizabeth Y. Chiao. Prostate adenocarcinoma incidence and risk factors in Veterans with well controlled HIV infection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5044.

Evaluation of being overweight/obese and related sociodemographic factors in 0-5 year age group in Turkey: Turkey Demographic Health Survey 2013 advanced analysis

Background/aim To determine risk factors of overweightness/obesity in children aged 0-5 years in the Turkish population.Materials and methods We made advanced analysis using the Turkey Demographic Health Survey (TDHS) 2013 female database, in which data from children aged under five years and their mothers are included. Analyses were performed using weight for height index data. The children were divided into two groups by age as 0–23 months and 24–59 months.Results The analysis comprised 2196 children aged under 5 years. Several factors were associated with an increase in overweightness/obesity of children aged under 5 years. Overweight/obesity in children aged 0-23 months was associated with several factors such as age (12–23 months) (OR: 2.89 CI: 1.62-5.13), high birth weight (OR: 2.36 CI: 1.26-4.44), maternal obesity (OR: 2.09 CI: 1.33-3.27), and maternal smoking (OR: 2.07, CI: 1.28-3.33). Overweightness/obesity in children aged 24–59 months was associated with several factors such as education level of the mother (OR: 2.27, CI: 1.08-4.75), consanguineous marriage (OR: 2.86, CI: 1.83-4.47), and which region of Turkey the family lives in (OR: 2.79, CI: 1.53-5.08).Conclusion Our results from the TDHS 2013 showed several risk factors of children overweight/obesity. Determining obesity risk factors, monitoring obese children/adults, and providing a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and prevention of obesity will be useful for the future.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its determinants among Iranian adults: evidence of IraPEN survey on a bi-ethnic population

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing public health concern worldwide. It has been demonstrated that individuals with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular events and diabetes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its components among Turkic and Kurds ethnic groups in a bi-ethnic (Turk and Kurd) population. This cross-sectional study is part of the national health transformation plan created in response to the emerging epidemic of non-communicable diseases (Iran’s Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease study), launched in 2014 in Naqadeh, Iran. In total, 3506 participants aged 30–70 years were randomly included in the study from urban and rural regions. Cardio-metabolic risk factors related to MetS diagnosis and other related sociodemographic factors were assessed for men and women in both the Turk and the Kurd population. Multivariate logistic regressions were applied to identify MetS -associated factors among both the Turk and the Kurd population. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 49.6 (12.3) years. Of the participants, 56.2% (n = 1969) were women, and 43.8% (n = 1537) were men. Three-fifths of the participants were Turk (60.3%, n = 1751). The overall prevalence of MetS was 37.05%, with a higher prevalence in women (49.8% versus 24.3% in men). The prevalence of MetS and its components among Turk people (41.6%) were significantly higher than that among Kurd people (33.9%) (p < 0.0001). In addition, the prevalence of MetS was higher among women, urban, and older people for both ethnicities. Strong associations were found between MetS prevalence and being older, being female, being overweight, being obese, having a higher waist-to-hip ratio, and having a history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the family for both Turks and Kurds. The raised waist circumference (WC) is the most prevalent MetS component for Turk men and women. Meanwhile, the most prevalent MetS component for Kurd participants is low high-density lipoprotein for women and a raised WC for men. Significant differences were found between Kurdish men and women for all components, except for a raised WC and a raised fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05). Because the Iranian population features multiple ethnicities, the recognition of the prevalence of MetS components is a major step in establishing intervention strategies for modifying cardio-metabolic risk factors based on the population ethnicities and their socio-demographic, cultural, and lifestyle factors. We recommend future studies for planning an efficient and sustainable health education and promotion program to halt MetS prevalence.

Sociodemographic factors in relation to hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in a multi-ethnic Asian population: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesLiterature suggested that multi-ethnic Western populations experienced differential hypertension outcomes, but evidence is limited in Asia. This study was aimed to determine sociodemographic correlates of hypertension and its awareness, treatment...

Residential mobility in early childhood and the impact on misclassification in pesticide exposures

Studies of environmental exposures and childhood cancers that rely on records often only use maternal address at birth or address at cancer diagnosis to assess exposures in early childhood, possibly leading to exposure misclassification and questionable validity due to residential mobility during early childhood.Our objective was to assess patterns and identify factors that may predict residential mobility in early childhood, and examine the impact of mobility on early childhood exposure assessment for agriculturally applied pesticides and childhood cancers in California.We obtained the addresses at diagnosis of all childhood cancer cases born in 1998–2011 and diagnosed at 0–5 years of age (n = 6478) from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), and their birth addresses from linked birth certificates. Controls were randomly selected from California birth records and frequency matched (20:1) to all cases by year of birth. We obtained residential histories from a public-record database LexisNexis for both case (n = 3877 with age at diagnosis 1–5 years) and control (n = 99,262) families. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the socio-demographic factors in relation to residential mobility in early childhood. We employed a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based system to estimate children's first year of life exposures to agriculturally applied pesticides based on birth vs diagnosis address or residential histories based upon Lexis-Nexis Public Records and assessed agreement between exposure measures using Spearman correlations and kappa statistics.Over 20% of case and control children moved in their first year of life, and 55% of children with cancer moved between birth and diagnosis. Older age at diagnosis, younger maternal age, lower maternal education, not having a Hispanic ethnic background, use of public health insurance, and non-metropolitan residence at birth were predictors of higher residential mobility. There was moderate to strong correlation (Spearman correlation = 0.76–0.83) and good agreement (kappa = 0.75–0.81) between the first year of life exposure estimates for agricultural pesticides applied within 2 km of a residence relying on an address at birth or at diagnosis or LexisNexis addresses; this did not differ by outcome status, but agreement decreased with decreasing buffer size, and increasing distance moved or age at diagnosis.These findings suggest that residential addresses collected at one point in time may represent residential history in early childhood to a reasonable extent; nevertheless, they exposure misclassification in the first year of life remains an issue. Also, the highest proportion of women not captured by LexisNexis were Hispanic women born in Mexico and those living in the lowest SES neighborhoods, i.e. possibly those with the higher environmental exposures, as well as younger women and those with less than high school education.Though LexisNexis only captures a sub-population, its data may be useful for augmenting address information and assessing the extent of exposure misclassification when estimating environmental exposures in large record linkage studies. Future research should investigate how to correct for exposure misclassification introduced by residential mobility that is not being captured by records.

Janani Suraksha Yojana - cash assistance scheme for maternal and child health: Retrospective analysis of acceptance of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion among its beneficiaries

Background: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) was launched on April 12, 2005, under the National Health Mission for the benefit of maternal and child health. JSY is a centrally sponsored scheme, which integrates cash assistance with delivery and post-delivery care. Just after delivery, women are more receptive to accept a contraceptive method. With increased institutional deliveries influenced by JSY, the health-care providers have an excellent opportunity to counsel and provide them with safe and appropriate contraceptive method. The Government of India launched postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) services in the year 2000; although acceptance of PPIUCD in JSY beneficiaries is a real concern. Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To study the acceptance of PPIUCD in JSY beneficiaries and (2) to study the sociodemographic factors in relation to PPIUCD acceptance. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in Rural Government Hospital in Maharashtra during 2016–2017. We studied sociodemographic variables of JSY beneficiaries and their acceptance to PPIUCD. The sample size was 353 (n = 353). The sociodemographic factors studied included age, type of delivery, sex of newborn, and educational status of patient and her husband. Results: The total postpartum women included in the study were 353 who had taken JSY benefit, of which, 116 (32.6%) accepted for PPIUCD, whereas 237 (67.4%) rejected the same. Around 43% of primipara patients were accepted PPIUCD. Among multiparous women with three living children, only 6% accepted it. The educational status of both, the postpartum women and their husband, showed statistically significant association with the acceptance of PPIUCD (P < 0.05) in JSY beneficiaries. Conclusions: The acceptance PPIUCD was low (32.6%) in JSY beneficiaries. Primipara or young age patients are easy to counsel about PPIUCD, and hence, the acceptance is high. All efforts should be made to increase acceptance of PPIUCD among JSY beneficiaries.