Sociodemographic Characteristics Of Parents Research Articles

Association of Consanguineous Marriage with Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents and its Impact on Mortality and Morbidity in off Springs: Analytical Study from Punjab, Pakistan

Objective: This study aims to fill the gap in literature by demonstrating the significance of Sociodemographic determinants and its impact on mortality and morbidity in off springs of consanguineous couples in Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was four months from Nov 2021 to Mar 2022, online on married couples in Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: Married couples of both the consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages who were able to participate and understand questions in survey were included. Sample size of 338 was calculated using Open epi info software. Keeping in view the response rate of 76% forms were distributed to 400 participants. Sampling technique uses was non probability purposive sampling. The questionnaire included Sociodemographic information and questions related to morbidity and mortality in off springs for qualitative variables, relevant frequencies and percentages were determined. Chi square test was applied to determine relationship between two qualitative variables, a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total n=193(64%) were non-consanguineous couples, while n=107(36%) were consanguineous. Majority were between 46-60 years of age and monthly income of Rs. 71,000-90,000 Almost one third was graduates=91(30%) and post graduates n=84(28%).The prevalence of diseases came high in children of consanguineous families n=13(4%) as compare to non-consanguineous. There was a significant association between type of marriage disease (p=0.001) and under-five mortality in children (p=0.003). Conclusion: The children born to consanguineous couples exhibited more burden of inherited disorders than children born to non-consanguineous couples.

Parents’ Attitudes Toward School Choice Change in Chile: The Role of Information in an Unequal Context

ABSTRACT The School Admission System (SAE, the Spanish acronym for “Sistema de Admisión Escolar”) was recently implemented in Chile to mitigate the market logic in school admission. This system represents a drastic change in how families select schools. The following study analyzes the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of parents, their consumption of information, and their attitudes toward the SAE. A latent class analysis and a multinomial logistic regression model used data from a survey administered to parents. Three attitudes toward the SAE were identified: positive, neutral, and hostile; those attitudes have been influenced by several factors, including region of residence, socioeconomic group, and the quantity and objectivity of consumed information.

Effect of Nursing Intervention Program for Parents Caring of Children with Autism Regarding to their Daily Activities

Background: Caring for children with Autism spectrum disorder regarding their daily activities is challenging for parents. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of nursing intervention program for parents caring of children with autism regarding to their daily activities. Design: A quasi-experimental design used in the present study one group (pre\ posttest). Setting: The study was carried out in Children and Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics in Suez Canal University Hospital (SCUH) & Outpatient Clinic for children psychiatric treatment at Abbasia Mental Health Hospital affiliated to General Secretariat of Mental Health and Addiction in Cairo governorate. Subjects: Study subjects included all available (50) parents have autistic children from the mentioned settings. Tool: A Structured Interview questionnaire included three parts; Part 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of parents, Part 2: Characteristics of the studied children with autism, Part 3: Assessment of parents’ knowledge & Part 4: Assessing the parents’ reported practice regarding to self-reliance during their children daily activities. Results: revealed that more than two thirds, (68%) of parents were mothers. More than two thirds (78%) of father's age was ranged from 30-50 years. More than two thirds (88%) of studied parents’ identification of autism, causes, predictors and symptoms of autism and management of autism post program implementation compared to preprogram Conclusion: there was a statistically significant improvement in total knowledge about autism of the parents caring of children with autism pre and post program implementation. Recommendations: Replication of the same study on larger probability sample at different geographical locations for data generalizability.

Reasons for parental hesitancy or refusal of childhood vaccination in Türkiye.

Although vaccines play a critical role in the control of infectious diseases and disease outbreaks, vaccination rates have been declining in recent years because of vaccine hesitancy or refusal. We aimed to determine the rates and reasons for parental hesitancy or refusal of vaccination for their children in Türkiye. A total of 1100 participants selected from 26 regions of Türkiye were involved in this cross-sectional study conducted between July 2020 and April 2021. Using a questionnaire, we collected data on the sociodemographic characteristics of parents, the status of vaccine hesitancy or refusal for their children, and reasons for the hesitancy or refusal. Using Excel and SPSS version 22.0, we analysed the data with chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and binomial logistic regression. Only 9.4% of the participants were male and 29.5% were aged 33-37 years. Just over 11% said they were worried about childhood vaccination, mainly because of the chemicals used in manufacturing the vaccines. The level of concern was greater among those who got information about vaccines from the internet, family members, friends, TV, radio, and newspapers. Those who used complementary health services were considerably more hesitant about vaccination than those who used mainstream services. Parents in Türkiye have several reasons for hesitating or refusing to vaccinate their children, key among which are concerns about the chemical composition of the vaccines and their ability to trigger negative health conditions such as autism. This study used a large sample size across Türkiye, although there were differences by region, the findings would be useful in designing interventions to counter vaccine hesitancy or refusal in the country.

Population-wide contribution of medically assisted reproductive technologies to overall births in Australia: temporal trends and parental characteristics.

Population-wide contribution of medically assisted reproductive technologies to overall births in Australia: temporal trends and parental characteristics.

Stavovi roditelja prema čitalačkoj kulturi učenika mlađih razreda osnovne škole

The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of parents towards the reading culture of students in the lower grades of primary school. 180 parents from the Republic of Serbia participated in the research. A descriptive method and a theoretical analysis method were applied, while the instrument was created separately for this research. The obtained results show the positive attitudes of parents towards the reading culture of the children in the lower grades of primary school, although most parents believe that there are certain obstacles in the development of reading culture, such as: a low socio-economic status of parents (18.3%), a lack of interest and laziness of both parents and children (17.8%), parents overworked (14.4%), reading is not in trend (8.9%), and digitalization process (7.8%). Also, significant statistical differences were observed between the socio-demographic characteristics of parents and their attitudes towards reading culture. The results show that mothers, more often than fathers, believe that children should read every day. Parents with a higher level of education generally care more about their children's reading culture. Older parents generally believe that children should be influenced by a personal example, while younger parents more often believe that parents should be involved in school activities. The implications of the obtained findings suggest that reading culture must become an imperative today, both in the family environment and in the joint cooperation of parents with the school through the involvement of parents in curricular and extracurricular activities and contents.

Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level.

The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child’s parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child’s lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (β −0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (β −0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (β −0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (β −0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent’s marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.

The risk factors and parent perceptions regarding childhood poisoning; A descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Poisoning represents a major health problem among children. It is among the top leading causes of death and disability among children. Despite the critical role of parents in implementation of any preventive measures of poisoning, data assessing the awareness of parents about childhood poisoning are very limited. is good solution for bed occupancy in hospitals. Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of childhood poisoning among families attending Alwazarat family medicine center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, to determine awareness of the parents about the causes and risk factors of childhood poisoning. Methods: Observational cross-sectional design has been conducted between October and December 2020 among parents attending Alwazarat healthcare center. The target was fathers and mothers with at least one child under 6 years. The data were collected using a self-completed questionnaire. It included data on socio-demographic characteristics of parents, information about the child who had poisoning, information about the child poisoning incident, and parents’ opinions about the causes and risk factors of child poisoning in general. Results: A total 236 parents were included in this analysis. The mean age was 36.0±8.1 years and 69.1% of the parents were fathers. Approximately 92.3% of the parents were married and only 7.7% were divorced or separated. A total 10 (4.2%) parents reported having one of their children had poisoning. Approximately 70% of the children who had poisoning required care at emergency department and 10% required hospitalization. None of the incidents was fatal. The poisoning incidents were caused by medications (40%), pesticide/insecticides (40%), and house-cleaning product (20%). Potential causes of poisoning included lack of child supervision in 50% of the incidents and lack of child-resistant cover of the storage container in 20%. The mean awareness score among parents was 69.6%. The highly acknowledged causes and risk factors of childhood poisoning included unsafe storage of household chemicals (97.4%), unsafe storage of medicines (96.2%), presence of poisons in the neighborhood/home garden (95.8%), and inadequate space in the house (90.7%). The least acknowledged causes and risk factors of childhood poisoning included lack of social support from community (29.8%), poor education of mother (30.6%), lack of family support (30.6%), poor behavior of mother (31.6%), and single-parent living status (33.9%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, living in houses with larger number of rooms and smaller number of family members were significantly associated with higher awareness level. Conclusions: The prevalence of childhood poisoning was 4.2% among families seeking primary care services in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The finding indicate inadequate knowledge level of parents about childhood poisoning. There is urgent need for increasing public awareness on home safety measures to reduce the risk of childhood poisoning.

The impact of parental cancer on preadolescent children (0-11years) in Western Australia: a longitudinal population study.

Australian population data regarding the number and sociodemographic characteristics of children affected by a parent's cancer are not currently available. Moreover, predictions that this population is increasing have not been tested. This study provides data on the number and sociodemographic characteristics of parents with cancer and their young children (aged 0-11years) in the state of Western Australia, and investigates whether long-term trends in this population have increased over time. Linked administrative data were used to describe parents with malignant cancer and their children aged 0-11years at the time of diagnosis between 1982 and 2015 in Western Australia. Parents and children were described overall and by year of diagnosis and sociodemographic characteristics. A Poisson regression was used to investigate trends in the number of children affected, accounting for population growth. Incidence counts of parental cancer characteristics were included. Between 1982 and 2015, 15,938 parents were diagnosed with a malignant cancer, affecting 25,901 children. In 2015, 0.28% of children in Western Australia experienced a parent's diagnosis. The number of children affected increased over time; however, this was accounted for by population growth. The majority of families lived in regional areas and were of high socioeconomic status. Older children and older parents most frequently experienced parental cancer. Skin and breast cancer were the most common diagnoses. A substantial number of families are affected by parental cancer. Results can guide intervention development and delivery to children of different developmental stages, and inform decisions regarding resource allocation and health service accessibility.

Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and the Thalassemia Prenatal Diagnosis Test in Zahedan, South Eastern Iran

Little is known about the social determinants of health (SDH) of taking the prenatal diagnosis (PND) test as a pivotal strategy to prevent occurrences of β-thalasssemia major (β-TM). This study sought to evaluate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of parents and taking the PND test at Zahedan, Iran from 2015 to 2016. The design of the present study was a case-control. Data on socio-demographic characteristics of parents including age, education, job, ethnicity, and family relationships, kind of marriage as well as pre marriage test status and PND test status, were obtained from registered medical records. The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and taking the PND test was evaluated using binary logistic regression. The study included 256 β-thalassemia (β-thal) carrier couples who were referred to the Zahedan Prenatal Diagnosis Center to take the PND test and 47 β-thal carrier couples who already had a newborn with β-TM and had not taken the PND test. Univariate analysis showed that the higher education level of the father, consanguineous parents, official marriages, pre marriage test and consultation, significantly increased the odds of taking the PND test. The significant relationships were not observed in multivariable analysis, however, pre marriage tests and official marriages can be considered as determinants of taking the PND test with odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] of 14.67 (0.64, 334.93) and 3.41 (0.55, 20.94), respectively. Our results provided evidence in which socio-demographic characteristics of the parents may determine their taking the PND test.

Características de padres e hijos con discapacidad que intervienen en la comunicación sobre sexualidad

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer cómo intervienen las características sociodemográficas de padres e hijos con discapacidad en laforma en que se comunican y los temas de sexualidad que abordan. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 172 padres, cuyos hijos eranjóvenes o adolescentes con alguna discapacidad (intelectual, auditiva, visual, motriz o múltiple). El 81.3% de los participantes fueron mujeres y suedad promedio fue de 45 a˜nos (DE = 8). Se les aplicó un instrumento de autoinforme para recabar datos sociodemográficos de ellos (sexo, edad,estado civil, ocupación, religión, ingreso mensual y número de hijos) y de sus hijos (sexo, edad, escolaridad, tipo de discapacidad, origen de ladiscapacidad y habilidades conductuales desarrolladas), así como de la forma en que se comunican y los temas de sexualidad que abordan. Losresultados indican que los padres conversan sobre un mayor número de temas de sexualidad cuando se comunican de forma verbal o mediante LSM(F = 9.52, p = 0.000) y cuando tienen solo un hijo (F = 3.555, p &lt; 0.05). Las características de los jóvenes que intervinieron sobre la comunicaciónfueron: nivel de estudios (F = 3.547, p &lt; 0.05), habilidades conductuales desarrolladas (F = 9.558, p &lt; 0.00), tipo de discapacidad (F = 3.509, p &lt; 0.05)y origen de la misma (t = –2.722, p &lt; 0.05).© 2018 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Asociación Mexicana de Comportamiento y Salud. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo lalicencia CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Unmet Need for Specialty Mental Health Services Among Children Across Europe.

The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of use of mental health services for children across Europe, with a specific focus on differences in the availability of mental health resources. Data were drawn from the School Children Mental Health in Europe Project. Parent- and teacher-reported child mental health status was based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics of parents and children, as well as academic performance and use of mental health services in the previous 12 months, were collected. Countries were categorized as having high versus low mental health resources. The sample comprised 4,894 schoolchildren in seven countries. Across Europe, only 25.6% of children with a mental disorder had received mental health services in the previous 12 months, including 31.5% in high-resources countries and 18.9% in low-resources countries (p=.001) (N=4,867). The presence of any mental disorder, maternal psychological distress, gender, living in a single-parent home, and low academic performance were determinants of service use. The effect of resources group on the likelihood of receiving services remained significant when the analyses controlled for all predictors (odds ratio=1.41, p<.01). Determinants differed between groups-maternal psychological distress was associated with service use in high-resources countries, and gender was associated with service use in low-resources countries. The findings point to a substantial portion of unmet need across Europe and to major differences in access to care in low- versus high-resources countries. Efforts are needed to address unmet need among children with mental disorders, especially in low-resources countries.

Stress and Coping among the Parents of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Hospital Based Study

Introduction: Congenital heart defects are the most common, pervasive and serious chronic illness of all congenital malformations. The birth of a child can be stressful enough for many parents, turn into one of dashed joy and feeling of distress so there may be necessary for parents to obtain enough support from health professionals. Methods: A descriptive Correlational study was conducted among 142 parents of children with Congenital Heart Disease attending Pediatric Medical Out Patient Department in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Bansbari, Kathmandu. Data were collected using pre-tested structured interview schedule in Nepali version. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square and Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation). Results: The findings of the study revealed that near about three forth (71.8%) of parents had moderately level of stress whereas 28.2% had low level of stress and 79.6% had moderately helpful level of coping and 20.4% had minimally helpful level of coping. There was negative correlation between stress and coping (r=-0.076 and p-value=0.367) of parents. There were no any statistical association between socio-demographic characteristics of parents and stress level. Similarly, there were statistically significant association of level of coping with relationship with child, religion and occupation of parents (p-value 0.004, 0.002 and 0.005) respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that with increased level of stress, there is decreased level of coping among the parents. Further, the findings suggest that health personnel must assess parenting stress at each visit to provide appropriate support and anticipatory guidance to families of children with Congenital Heart Disease.

Stress in parents of very low birth weight preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. A multicenter study.

The birth of a premature baby is a stressful event for parents. The objective of this study was to determine early stress in parents of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) hospitalized in 12 neonatal intensive care units from a South American Neonatal Network, to identify associated factors, and to compare the level of parental stress in public versus private healthcare facilities. Cross-sectional study in mothers/fathers of VLBWIs (500 to 1500 g). Early parental stress was measured using the Parental Stressor Scale, with a score from 1 (low stress) to 5 (high stress). The sociodemographic characteristics of parents and newborn infants were collected and associated with levels of parental stress. The study included 273 fathers/mothers of a total of 218 VLBW preterm infants. The survey was administered at 5.9 ± 2.0 days of life. The average total parental stress was 3.1 ± 0.8, and the highest score was obtained for the parental role subscale (3.6). A lower education level, unemployment, not having held the newborn infant, and respiratory support requirement were associated with higher parental stress levels. Stress was higher among mothers than fathers, and at public facilities versus private ones. Among parents of VLBWIs, a moderate early parental stress was observed. Parental role alteration was the most relevant factor. Parental stress was higher among mothers and at public healthcare facilities. A greater sensitization, further research and interventions in this area are required.

Socio-demographic characteristics of parents and emotional burden on discovery of disabilities of their children in a South African community

Objective: This study investigated the socio-demographic characteristicsof parents of children with disabilities in a South African community. Also studiedwere their emotional responses. Design and methodology: A social survey research and focus group designs wereemployed in this study to explore and describe parental emotions Participants: 174 parents of children with disabilities were randomly selected andinterviewed by this author and four research assistants at different locations in theVenda area of Limpopo Province of South Africa. Results: Out of the 174 parents interviewed 95 (54.6%) were parents of children with physical impairment (PCWPI),51 (29.3%) parents of children with hearing impairment (PCWHI) and 28 (16.1%) were parents of children with visual impairment (PCWVI). Only 16 (9.2%) of the parents interviewed had tertiary education with a majority (121 (or 69.5%) of them unemployed. These unemployed parents solely relied on the monthly, government disabilitygrant of R620 (or US$89). Responses to grief, anger, shame were highest amongst PCWVI, while PCWPI were most worried (64.2%) and demonstrated the highest percentage emotions of fear (22.1%) and guilt (221.1%). The following percentage of emotions were expresses by parents with formal tertiary education, anger (44%), shame (37.5%), disbelief (25%), guilt (6.3%), worry (50%) and fear (25%). While participants with the highest income (over R1800or about US$257), expressed the following percentage of emotions: grief (70.6%), and disbelief (47.1%). Conclusion: Physiotherapist working with the disabled and their carers in the community within the concept of community based rehabilitation and social model of care would need to understand the characteristics and their emotional burden prior to assisting in creating an enabling environment and holistic empowering activities that wouldassist all.