Sociocultural Research Research Articles

Aambkapad, Chira, Khun, and more – Intercultural Influences on Fabrics of the Peshwas of Pune, India

The study of historic costumes provides deep insights on various multicultural, geographical, locational, climatic, religious, technological, and socio-economic factors that has influenced the dressing choices of particular people. While there is substantial research on the costumes of the Rajputs and Mughal rulers of India, documentation of the clothing of the various rulers of the western Indian state of Maharashtra has been limited. The objective of this study was to provide insights into the prevalent textiles used to make the costumes of the Maratha Peshwas through a hundred-year-old dominance of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The research aimed to also identify intercultural influence of other prevailing dynasties on the costume of the Peshwas. Using a socio-cultural history-based qualitative research approach with a combination of visual and textual modes of information collection, Peshwa costumes have been studied through in-depth interviews, artifact study, study of folk literature and historical records along with a firm grounding of historical context to corroborate the findings. This paper highlights the fabrics that were used to make the costumes and accessories of the Peshwa men and women. Influences of Rajput Mughal and Nizam cultures on Peshwa costumes has also been studied.

P-736 Twins, an instant family: beyond the risks and health in Central America

Abstract Study question Why do patients attending fertility centers in Centralamerica consider twins as the best possible outcome? Summary answer In Centralamerica patients expect to have twins after a fertility treatment. Preliminary results show that, from a specialist’s perspective, this expectation might be financially driven. What is known already Twins have fascinated humanity since early times. Every culture in the world has a different reaction to the birth of twins and has myths about them. Some myths are still present in current times and affect our decisions. After a fertility treatment, the likelihood of having twins increases, which has contributed to a worldwide increase of the twin birth rate. In spite of the risks, some patients prefer to have twins. Study design, size, duration This is a qualitative study based on anthropological theory and ethnographic research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to infertility specialists during July of 2020 in Centralamerica. These six countries are a cultural region that shares historical and economic features which enables a socio-cultural anthropological research. The framework for the interview’s structure is the ecological paradigm from medical anthropology theory. In this paradigm the individual is seen as part of a context that influences their medical decisions. Participants/materials, setting, methods The participants were infertility specialist who had more than 3 years of experience and practice reproductive medicine in Central America. The method was a semi-structured interview via Zoom and was recorded and then transcribed with the software Transcriptions Version 1.2. The results were coded and analyzed with cognitive anthropology methods to identify cultural models in the speech. In ethical aspects, the confidentiality of the interviewee was considered important and was protected through informed consent. Main results and the role of chance The results of the interviews with infertility specialists indicate that they have difficulties explaining patients about the risks and complications of a multiple pregnancy. According to the physicians, many patients expect twins after a treatment. The patients have the idea that they will have “two for one” (“dos de un solo”) and believe that the raising of two babies will require less time and money. The birth of twins is considered a “double blessing” (“doble bendicion”) or a “double price” (“doble premio”). With one single treatment they hope to get the “ideal family” that consist of one girl and one boy (“tener la parejita”). The patients have preconceived ideas that are influenced by their environment, like family members, friends and the media. Central America was part of the mesoamerican region were maya and aztecs myths continue to influence the popular culture and people continued to believe that twins have special connections and could have a good sibling relationship. Physicians are not aware that the media and family have so much weight in the medical decisions of their patients only focus on the fact that patients underestimate the risks. Limitations, reasons for caution The reason for caution is that this is a local study that cannot be generalized in time and place. Wider implications of the findings The results would help to design interviews for patients with the final purpose of understanding their perceptions and attitudes toward twins. In a region with no public health policies regarding infertility treatments, the results can improve communication between the doctors and patients to reduce twin rates. Trial registration number (')

Translating care from policy to practice: limits and lessons from an institutional ethnographic study examining Ontario youth volleyball

ABSTRACT Socio-cultural research on athlete maltreatment is well documented, with much work focused on examining the spectrum of mistreatment and programmatic/policy responses. While some sport governing bodies have implemented a ‘duty of care’ approach, more definitional analyses of care and caring in competitive youth sport remain absent. This gap served as point of departure for an institutional ethnographic study designed to examine practices of care and caring within the context of youth competitive volleyball through a socio-philosophical lens. Informed by the philosophical frameworks espoused in the Ethics of Care and the Ethics of Need, this paper utilises textual and interview data from the larger study to examine how athletes, coaches, and parents interpret and practice care in relationship to notions of care established in the sport organisation’s governing policies. The results showed how, at the institutional level, notions of care expressed in the sport organisation’s governing documents focused more so on identifying and preventing uncaring practices rather than illuminating what constitutes care and caring, while participants negotiated and interpreted their lived experiences of care as the prioritisation of the needs of athletes over the performance imperative. This was particularly true for coaches who were dually tasked with the care-taking of youth athletes on their teams, whilst also ensuring performance success on the playing field. Thus, coaches are responsible for practices of care in situ that are not fulsomely addressed in governing policies, which presents challenges for coaches when balancing athletes’ needs while also adhering to the aims of competitive sport.

Intermedial Postmodernism in Art: Concepts and Cultural Practices

The study analyzes the existing and developing ideas of and approaches to the study of the multilevel concept of intermediality and its different aspects, forms, and phenomena considering the existing approaches and definitions. The study aims to reveal the capabilities of intermediality as a potential of innovative artistic creation. Research is conducted using sociocultural research methods including a comparative study of the recently proposed typical intermediality models, analysis of descriptive texts about the factually present models of art synthesis, as well as the context pointing to the presence of lack of correspondence between a particular fragment of text (the content of activity) and the real conditions in which activity is carried out. In the framework of an interdisciplinary comparative study, the emergent field of intermediality and its relationship to cultural practices in different spheres, including education, are defined at the qualitative level. The subject field of the study of intermediality as a key concept of modern culture is evaluated and its specific features in art, including music, are identified. The problems of the formation of synthetic media arts as a reflection of the postmodern perception of the world under the new conditions of digital technology, which transforms any creative cultural text into another type of information, usually of a quoted and multiple nature, are presented for discussion. It is proposed to pay special attention to the formation of “intermedial competence” – the ability to understand and interpret the process of the generation of new meaningful content, which occurs within the semantic modalities and communicative registers. The latter is only possible within the framework of the competence-based approach enshrined in the foundations of the universal system of European, including Russian, two-level higher education.

Project activities in the ESP course in the context of students’ socio-professional self-determination at a non-linguistic university

The cardinal change of the technological and socio-economic paradigm all around the world makes investigations related to the problems of professional self-determination of the younger generation extremely topical. In the conditions of economic and cultural globalisation, an important component of the professional competence of university graduates is the ability to realise their professional skills and present developed projects in the English-language media space. The article reveals methodological possibilities of the project activity in the ESP course as a pedagogic support for the socio-professional self-determination of students in a non-linguistic university. It determines principles and methods of using specialised Internet resources for developing educational projects in English that contribute to students’ professional self-determination and their social adaptation in the international professional community. The authors suggest a typological classification of practice-oriented projects that can be implemented in the ESP course – informational (abstract-review), analytical (historical, socio-cultural, cross-cultural and other research projects) and creative (creation of an original content – design, models, technological solutions, etc.). It is concluded that the project activity in the ESP course, the results of which can be included in the professional portfolio, is a significant element of socio-professional self-determination of students of a non-linguistic university.

Reflections on ecological and biological theories in anthropology

Anthropology is characterized by the theoretical ideas cross-cutting disciplinary boundaries. This paper discusses the two such interdisciplinary theories i.e. ecological and biological theories in an attempt to highlight their increasing relevance in the contemporary socio-cultural research. Since the very beginning of late 19th century, natural environment and biology have been central to the evolutionary paradigmof ethnological underpinnings. However, ecological theories are now becoming more prevalent owing to emanating ecological crisis. Similarly, Covid-19 has reminded us about our bio-cultural existence. This article reflects uponthe various approaches within bothsets of theoretical umbrellas.It could be clearly argued in conclusion that the recent trends in the ecological and biological theories are influential for contemporary researches in anthropology and they keep prompting us about the overlapping concerns within the biological and cultural branches of anthropology.

The Social Aspect of Culture Novels Pulang for Literary Studies

This study aims to find out the socio-cultural setting of the novel Pulang by Tere Liye. This research is library research so that it is not bound by the place. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method with analytical techniques. The object of the research used is the novel Pulang by Tere Liye. This research is focused on socio-cultural background research that includes language systems, socio-cultural systems, living livelihood systems, religious systems. The technique of collecting data is done by the way researchers read, understand, determine each intrinsic and extrinsic elements of the novel. The results of this study can be concluded that there are 81 statements are stating a socio-cultural background divided into 10 language systems, 50 socio-cultural systems, 17 living livelihood systems, 4 religious systems. Study the socio-cultural system dominates, this has been proven by the number of statements that refer to the system. The socio-cultural system in this novel refers to the attitudes and behavior of each group of people whose life is governed by customs and rules regarding various kinds of unity in an environment where they live and interact day by day. The relevance between the novel Pulang and the present life is the low interest in learning, so it is hoped that this novel can be used as a material for studying literature in high school because the contents of the novel that show learning are very important for the future.

Teaching Elaborative Reminiscing to Support Autobiographical Memory and Relationships in Residential and Community Aged Care Services.

Memories of the past are critically important as we age. For older adults receiving formal care in a range of settings, reminiscing with care staff may provide frequent opportunities for recalling autobiographical memories with a supportive conversational partner. Importantly, prior research suggests that some reminiscing conversations are more supportive than others. In the developmental literature, a long tradition of sociocultural memory research has shown how children’s autobiographical memory is scaffolded and supported by parents during reminiscing, when parents use a particular kind of conversational technique, known as “elaborative reminiscing”. In the current project, we aimed to examine whether we could enhance conversations between staff and older people receiving aged care by teaching care staff about these beneficial conversational techniques and supporting them to reminisce more often with residents/clients. We also aimed to determine whether staff members’ use of elaborative reminiscing techniques was associated with autobiographical memory details recalled by residents/clients during routine conversations. We conducted a workshop with 16 staff within a residential aged care and community care setting. We followed this with a 4-week training-and-feedback period during which staff recorded their conversations with residents and clients. Staff feedback indicated successful use of the scaffolding techniques overall, and benefits as well as barriers to their use in day-to-day practice. Analysis of the conversations demonstrated that the use of particular elaborative reminiscing techniques by staff was associated with increased recall of episodic and semantic autobiographical memory details by residents/clients. Overall, findings suggest that the principles of elaborative reminiscing may apply across the lifespan, and that the benefits of elaborative reminiscing for autobiographical memory may be particularly important in times of cognitive need. Practically, training aged care staff in specific and practical conversational tools can facilitate reminiscing for people receiving aged care.

The International Mountain Conference, Innsbruck, Austria, September 2019 (IMC2019): A Synthesis with Recommendations for Research

This paper presents a synthesis of the outcomes of sessions and recommendations for future research in mountain areas from the International Mountain Conference (IMC), held in Innsbruck, Austria, in September 2019. The thematic sections of the paper consider: first, the paleosciences, particularly archaeology; second, (bio)physical systems—the climate system, the cryo- and hydrosphere, and the biosphere—and their relationships with human systems; third, natural hazards and risks; and fourth, demographic and sociocultural trends, globalization (energy and transport networks, tourism, food supplies), policymaking, development, and research. Each section includes key literature relating to its theme, together with recommendations from the respective sessions. The paper concludes with a discussion and conclusions on the process of producing the synthesis, and its value for preparation and synthesis strategies for future conferences.

Animal and Plant Protein Food Sources in Indonesia Differ Across Socio-Demographic Groups: Socio-Cultural Research in Protein Transition in Indonesia and Malaysia.

BackgroundPlant-based diets in lower-income countries are often associated with inadequate protein nutrition and adverse health outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine the diversity of protein food sources, in both animal and plant, across diverse socio-demographic groups in Indonesia as compared to Malaysia.DesignThe SCRiPT (Socio Cultural Research in Protein Transition) study was based on population-based samples recruited in Indonesia (N = 1665) and in Malaysia (N = 1604). Data from 24-h in-person dietary recalls in each country were used to construct the frequency counts of protein sources by food group. Protein sources were defined as fish, poultry, red meat (beef, pork, and mutton), eggs, dairy, and plants (cereals, pulses, and tubers). The percent reported frequencies for animal and plant proteins were compared across socio-demographic strata and by country. Analyses were based on one-way Anovas and general linear model regressions adjusting for covariates.ResultsAnimal protein frequency counts were 34% of total in Indonesia, but 50% in Malaysia's. Higher reported consumption frequencies for poultry and red meat in both countries were associated with urban living, greater modernization, and higher socioeconomic status, with stronger social gradients observed in Indonesia. Reported fish consumption was higher in Indonesia than in Malaysia. Fish was more likely to be listed by rural island populations in Indonesia and was associated with lower education and incomes. Consumption frequencies for plant-based proteins were associated with lower socio-economic status in Indonesia and in Malaysia.ConclusionsMore affluent groups in both countries reported higher frequencies for meat, eggs, and dairy as opposed to fish. Greater economic development in Southeast (SE) Asia is associated with more animal protein, particularly from poultry, which may displace fish, the traditional source of high quality protein for the region.

Discovering the Roots: A Qualitative Analysis of Medical Students Exploring Their Unconscious Obesity Bias

Phenomenon: Bias against individuals with obesity in medical settings has negative implications for patients, including stigmatization, poor health outcomes, and reduced healthcare utilization. This study explored reflections of medical students when confronted with their own implicit obesity bias. Approach: A group of 188 pre-clinical second-year medical students from George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences completed the Weight Implicit Association Test (IAT) in 2020 and were instructed to write a reflective response based on their results. Participants reflected upon their preferences (“fat” vs. “thin”) and described the factors that influenced their perceptions of obesity. Inductive coding techniques were used to generate themes from medical students’ responses using Dedoose Version 8.3.35 (SocioCultural Research Consultants LLC, Los Angeles, California). Findings: Regarding IAT results, 7% of medical students preferred “fat over thin,” 14% had no preference, and 78% preferred “thin over fat.” Reflection themes highlighted medical students’ difficulty accepting IAT results, perspectives on the origins of obesity in individuals, personal and family challenges with obesity and body image, medical training’s perceived influence on bias, reservations about discussing obesity with patients, and desires to change current and future practices. Insights: Many medical students expressed a desire to provide optimal care for patients of all weight classes despite demonstrating a strong unconscious bias against individuals with obesity on the IAT. Medical school should provide targeted opportunities to acknowledge and mitigate obesity bias by expanding on medical students’ pre-established and often harmful understandings of obesity and highlighting the complexities of this disease. Such training would better equip medical students to facilitate successful interactions with patients as future physicians.

Secular etiquette and the "art of liking" in French moralistic literature of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

The subject of the study is the French moralistic literature of the XVII - first half of the XVIII century. The author examines the period of the formation of the monarchy of the classical model, the time of the change of the heroic chivalrous ideal by the ideal of a noble, and then a gallant man. This transition was due to the need for the coexistence of a large number of courtiers in a small space of the courtyard and occurred through the introduction to essentially humanistic concepts such as "civilit", "politesse" and a rationalistic model of thinking. This brought to life a flood of literature about life at court, the upbringing of a nobleman, courtesy, the art of being liked in the light, which swept the book market. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the analysis of numerous sources of the XVII - first half of the XVIII century on etiquette, demeanor and the art of being liked in the light. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that all this literature was of a practical nature. The manner of behavior, etiquette were not considered as a set of frozen rules. All these rules were aimed at educating and forming a society of noble people, which is based on respect for all participants in communication. The relevance of this topic is that the analysis of French moralistic literature may be interesting for socio-cultural research. Since the new court ethos was embedded in the monarchical model and cemented by the ideology of the "noble" and then the "gallant" person. In addition, the value system, etiquette and behavioral model that emerged in this era, reflected in the moralistic literature, formed the basis of communication, aesthetic assessments and value attitudes of the ruling elites not only of the XVII, but of the entire XVIII century. The principle of "the art of liking" developed in secular society extends not only to the sphere of communication, but also passes into the sphere of literature and art in general.

The COVID-19 pandemic, associated mental health issues and music educational therapy; An international and Chinese approach

COVID-19 dynamics and measures to control the pandemic have worldwide caused a high amount of mental and affective disturbances. Particularly children and adolescents have been confronted with home-schooling, domestic violence, social isolation and loneliness, existential issues, as well as the experience of multifaceted panicmongering and related pathological reactions. Although estimated prevalence rates of COVID-19 associated mental disorders vary across studies, there is a statistical tendency suggesting that about one third of the younger population exhibits serious psychiatric issues. As this quantity goes beyond the capacity of institutionalised psychiatric care, new models combining education and therapy are needed and are challenging today’s school systems. In Germany the COPSY study provided differential diagnostic data, and a music educational study used meta-synthetic methods to construct robust hypotheses which are considered stronger than usual hypotheses, but still need follow-up studies to explore underlying mechanisms and to estimate effect sizes. The related music-health-educational framework covers six key areas: (i) creative interaction to treat ‘coronanxiety’, (ii) focal listening to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders, (iii) vocal immersion to improve psychosomatic self-regulation, (iv) sound scene improvisation to enhance self-actualisation and relieve learned helplessness, (v) artistic expression to support coping processes and communication skills and (vi) the ‘Beloved Augustin phenomenon’ concerning the positive impact of arts and joy on the immune system. Actually these approaches are being examined for application in China, alongside socio-cultural adaptations, qualitative research and neuroscientific studies on underlying mechanisms.

Diversity of protein food sources, protein adequacy and amino acid profiles in Indonesia diets: Socio-Cultural Research in Protein Transition (SCRiPT).

The ongoing nutrition transition in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in South East Asia may have a positive impact on protein nutrition. This study assessed the diversity of plant and animal protein food sources in relation to essential amino acid (EAA) adequacy in a population-based sample (N 1665) in Indonesia. Dietary intakes from in-person 24 h recalls provided data on energy and protein intakes (in g/d) from plants (grains, legumes), meat, poultry and fish, and eggs and dairy. Protein diversity scores were based on the number of protein food sources over 24 h. EAA scores were the ratio of amino acid intakes to recommended values. Protein diversity and EAA scores were then compared across multiple socio-demographic indices. Analysis of variance and χ 2 tests were used to test for differences among groups. Energy intakes were 1678 kcal/d for men and 1435 kcal/d for women. Average protein intakes (and prevalence of inadequacy) were 59⋅4 g/d (41⋅7%) for men and 51⋅5 g/d (51⋅1%) for women. In regression analyses, higher protein diversity scores were associated with higher protein intakes, more animal protein and less plant protein and with higher EAA scores. Lower protein diversity scores were associated with lower intakes of lysine, leucine and valine relative to requirements, as well as with lower EAA, rural settings, less wealth and less modernisation. Greater diversity of animal protein food sources, observed among groups of higher socio-economic status, was linked to better amino acid adequacy and protein nutrition.

Grøn Genstart: A quali-quantitative micro-history of a political idea in real-time

In this study, we build on a recent social data scientific mapping of Danish environmentalist organizations and activists during the COVID-19 lockdown in order to sketch a distinct genre of digital social research that we dub a quali-quantitative micro-history of ideas in real-time. We define and exemplify this genre by tracing and tracking the single political idea and activist slogan of grøn genstart (‘green restart’) across Twitter and other public–political domains. Specifically, we achieve our micro-history through an iterative and mutual attuning between computational and netnographic registers and techniques, in ways that contribute to the nascent field of computational anthropology. By documenting the serial ways in and different steps through which our inquiry was continually fed and enhanced by crossing over from (n)ethnographic observation to computational exploration, and vice versa, we offer up our grøn genstart case account as exemplary of wider possibilities in this line of inquiry. In particular, we position the genre of micro-history of ideas in real-time within the increasingly wide and heterogeneous space of digital social research writ large, including its established concerns with ‘big and broad’ social data, the repurposing of computational ‘interface’ techniques for socio-cultural research, as well as diverse aspirations for deploying digital data within novel combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods.

Трансформации культурной идентичности в цифровую эпоху

The article considers the existing definitions of cultural identity and shows that the problem of cultural identity is primarily the problem of the demarcation of “own” and “alien” in culture, the solution of which depends not only on the definition of one’s cultural identity, but also one’s attitude to other cul­tures and their representatives. The authors analyze the possibility of solving a few problems of cultural identity with the help of cultural neuroscience, they demonstrate the shortcomings of this approach which do not allow any signifi­cant conclusions to be drawn on its basis, and show that the problem of modern crises and transformations of cultural identity will continue to be approached in the near future from the perspective of socio-cultural research and in direct so­cial practice. They also demonstrate that new challenges to cultural identity are associated with the confrontation of globalism and glocalism, and show that both vectors of social development are intensified thanks to digital technologies that make possible permanent contacts of different cultures on a previously inaccessi­ble scale. The unpreparedness of the digital communications user to meet with an “alien” is a source of cultural shock, it increases the risk of conflicts that can go beyond online communications. Digital communications make it possible for migrants to maintain constant contact with their “own” culture while being in an “alien” cultural space, which complicates their adaptation to a new place and leads to “ghettoization”. The authors show that the solution of potential in­tercultural conflicts can be implemented with the help of carriers of transcultural identities, the identities of people who are “at the crossroads” of cultures.

Political identity and national memory: The conflict of contemporary political narratives

The article examines the place and the role of political narratives of national memory in the processes of political identification of modern political communities. The authors prioritize contemporary socio-cultural research strategies of political phenomena, which interpret political identification processes in the methodological context of the dynamics of national memory’s symbolic structures. The proliferation of such communicative practices as storytelling, political performance, post-factual politics and political imaginary complicates the problem of political identification and its narrative design in modern society and gives rise to multiple nationalist, populist, and ethno-political discourses. In this context, the significance of the theoretical understanding of national codes of communal political identification and an ability to forecast the symbolic contours of a new, more stable narrative of national identity based on codes of solidarity and civic patriotism increases. The study of the impact of symbolic configurations of legitimating profiles of national memory on specifics of everyday political narratives and the discourses of civic patriotism as the semantic core of national identity is particularly important in the study of contemporary political identification. The description of the profiles of the national memory legitimation necessitates a study of the conflict dynamics of the symbolic contours of the national memory, which includes competing semantic components (images of the past, political characteristics of elites, typology of the heroic, priority strategies and practices of fighting “enemies”). In turn, these processes determine the nature of the emergence and multiplication of identity conflicts. Using methodological premises of the cultural and sociological analysis of the dynamics of modern political cultures as symbolic forms of national memory, the authors propose new theoretical approaches to the study of the political identification processes and conflicts among basic political narratives in the realities of contemporary political communicative practices.

Зарубіжна / світова література: проблема номінативного визначення

The terminological load of the phrase “foreign / world literature” is outlined. The attention is focused on the semantic, cultural-historical, epistemological features of this concept. Literature as a verbal art, being formed since the time of oral folk creativity, reflects the corresponding established canon in the national expression, accordingly, the dynamics of the world literary process. It is emphasized that the development of national literatures had strengthened the nature of explicit-implicit literary relationships. It contributed to the formation of new genres, artistic tastes, as well as to the expansion of the recipient`s worldview, and, accordingly, literary concepts. Controversial interpretations of Goethe’s term “Weltliteratur” are considered: supporters who perceived literature as one general world synthesis (F. Moretti) and scientists who predicted the collapse of the views of the German classics (E. Auerbach). The scientific discourse of the 20th century is assumed. Diverse interpretations of the “world literature” paradigm is understood as a collection of all works from antiquity to modern times; an anthology of the best literary texts (a kind of canonization); as a high-quality cultural and intellectual mutual enrichment. The significant contribution to the formation of the “world / foreign literature” paradigm of comparative studies and sociocultural research is emphasized (the works of P. Sorokin, O. Biletsky, L. Gumilyov, G. Gachev, D. Dyuryshin, A. Volkov of the Chernivtsi TPI School). Outlining the term world / foreign literature in the general literary process, the modern concepts of Western literary critics (E. Auerbach, P. Casanova, K. Prado and T. Samuayo, F. Moretti, D. Damrosch, R. Thomsen, J. David, N. Esenlilioglu, S. Uhliga and C. Zhang) are assumed. It is concluded that the diversity of the interpretation of the term “world / universal / foreign” literature directly depends on the historical, cultural and epistemological approaches to considering this issue; however, for all researchers there are common criteria for the nominative definition of the given paradigm – comprehensiveness, canons of a certain method, anthropological value, and participation in globalization processes.

Sailing and insight reproduction of Geo-Socio-Cultural unity of Nusantara/Indonesia Maritime: A study focus of Maritime Anthropology

This paper aims to explain how Indonesia was conceptualized as the Indonesian Maritime Continent. From a geo-social perspective, maritime culture can be viewed in, three major dimensions. First, Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world with all the geographical potential, invaluable marine, and maritime resources; second, the potential for socio-cultural, socio-demographic, socio-economic, and long maritime cultural history within the framework of the unity of the Republic of Indonesia; and third, the existence of academic core and the maritime vision of Unhas, the idea of the Indonesian Maritime Continental Development which was launched by the government in 1995/1996, and the vision of maritime national development by President Joko Widodo marked the role of academics and governments in the dynamic process of development to the phase of maritime civilization in the future. In the context of developing maritime ethnographic studies and anthropological contributions to the development of maritime civilization in the future, ideas and academic commitment are needed to make the Indonesian Archipelagic State a large and unique area of maritime socio-cultural research development in the world and Southeast Asia in particular. Thus, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, comparative, and multidisciplinary research is needed to carry out broadly and intensively. For this reason, through my inauguration speech for Professor of Anthropology in Hasanuddin University, I introduced a focus of maritime anthropology studies on sailing experiences and the reproduction of Nusantara/Indonesian maritime geo-socio-cultural insights. Through the application of the concept of experience and reproduction of maritime geo-socio-cultural insights which were developed from the concept of maritime ethos disposition theory of reproduction from A.H.J. Prins as a mode of description and analysis, I found the categories of maritime cultural insights and attitudes of Indonesian sailors. They understand most of the territorial waters of the Nusantara (archipelago) and the resources within as common property, a space for interaction between groups of sailors who are diverse in their maritime ethnicity and culture, which in turn strengthens awareness and recognition of the unity of the homeland, culture, and nation that is Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (unity in diversity).

Роль локальной идентичности и воспринимаемого контекста в психологическом благополучии русских Эстонии

The present article focuses on the relationship between local identity, perceived inclusiveness of the sociocultural context and psychological well-being of the Russians in Estonia (N = 309; M = 37,46; SD = 16,56). Perceived discrimination and perceived multiculturalism are considered as indicators of inclusiveness of the context, and self-esteem and life satisfaction as indicators of psychological well-being. We used the scales from the MIRIPS questionnaire translated and adapted for Russia by N.M. Lebedeva and A.N.Tatarko, the scale of descriptive multicultural attitudes developed in the Center for Sociocultural Research of the HSE University, and the local identity scale of Droseltis and Vignoles. The results of strutural equation modeling show that local identity significantly positively relates to perceived inclusiveness of the sociocultural context. Perceived inclusiveness of the context is positively related to self-esteem and life satisfaction. Indicators of perceived inclusiveness of the context mediate the relationship between local identity and psychological well-being. The study revealed direct positive effect of local identity on life satisfaction. Thus, local identity fulfills an adaptive function, contributing to a more positive perception of the context of acculturation and increasing psychological well-being.