Sociocultural Features Research Articles

Социокультурные и антропоэкологические отличительные особенности педагогического дискурса

The relevance of the study is due to the complexity of socio-cultural reality due to the aggravation of the contradiction between globalization and national-oriented processes, the increasing struggle of cultures, economies and ideologies, and the acceleration of scientific and technological progress. The purpose of the article is to consider sociocultural and anthropoecological distinctive features of pedagogical discourse. The author points out that anthropo-innovations, such as genetic engineering, cyborgization, cloning, integration with artificial intelligence, pharmaceutical advances, and GMO products threaten the existence of a person in his or her mental and physical integrity. The restriction of anthropological innovations is due to spiritual revival, reliance on traditional cultures, as well as the best cultural and pedagogical national experience, and is determined by the understanding of the soul as an integrating component of a person. In the Humanities, the description of an increasingly complex socio-cultural reality is closely related to its description in the context of various discursive plans. This approach is also promising for pedagogy. At the same time, modern trends in the development of the discursive approach “blur” the boundaries of pedagogical knowledge. The article presents a highly specialized definition of pedagogical discourse. During the study the following methods were applied: analysis of legal documents and scientific and methodical literature. It is proved that the pedagogical category “zone of proximal development” in its socio-cultural and anthropo-ecological contexts favors understanding of the distinctive features of educational and pedagogical discourse. It is concluded that orientation to the zone of proximal development of the individual contributes to the consistency of the socio-cultural experience, including nationally oriented components, transmitted by the teacher, with the life experience of the student, favors his or her emotional involvement in the educational process.

ПУБЛИЧНЫЕ ДИРЕКТИВЫ КАК ЧАСТЬ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОГО ЛАНДШАФТА СОВРЕМЕННОГО КИТАЙСКОГО ГОРОДА

Public signs which manage people’s behaviour in public places are an integral part of the linguistic landscape of any city. They not only reflect the existing system of social values, cultural norms and standards, but also play a role in their formation by exerting unconscious and repeated influence on the mentality of citizens. The article examines the linguistic and sociocultural features of the texts of Chinese public signs. The tendencies to soften communicative intent in the texts of public signs, to implement the principle of courtesy, to reject ready-made formulas and clichés, to use the implicit forms of inducement intent expression are noted.

Медитація як психотерапевтичний інструмент

The article presents the results of an implementation of meditations into theUkrainian practice of psychocorrection of human mental disorders and anadaptation of meditations to the socio-cultural features of Ukraine.The modern understanding of the term «meditation» and the possibilityof using neurointerfaces for training and daily practice of meditations areconsidered in the study. The expediency of studying the electrical activity of thebrain in laboratory and field conditions has been determined.The aim of the article is systematization of the theoretical, methodologicaland practical principles of the possibility to use meditations to preserve themental health of Ukrainian citizens.Methods and techniques of the research. The EMOTIV Epoc+ mobile 14channel neurointerface was used to study the meditation. We have used EEGmonitoring software to visualize brain electrical activity and to get transformedEEG indicators in the form of basic cognitive-emotional indicators: MyEMOTIV,EMOTIV Brain Activity Map and EmotivPRO. The empirical sample was 75veterans.Results. The influence of meditations on the mental condition of a humanhas been shown. It has been shown that happiness is a trained skill throughdaily meditation practice. Adaptation of secular meditations for the correctionof post-traumatic stress disorder is presented within the cognitive-behavioraltherapy. The changes in central nervous system activity while meditative sessionare characterized, they manifest themselves as intensified activity of integrativebrain system, increased awareness and control of cognitive processes, emotionalsphere and functional states of mind among 75 veterans.Conclusions. Summarizing the findings and interpreting the cognitiveemotionalindicators, it was concluded that implementation of meditations intothe practice of psychocorrection of human mental disorders was efficient. Theauthor has proved that the main criterion for the classification of the process ofmeditation should be the EEG patterns of human cognitive activity more thanhis/her behaviour. It is recommended to use the neurointerface in the course ofpsychocorrection of mental disorders.

Engineer’s ethics formation by teaching foreign language: sociocultural aspect

The article deals with the problem of engineer’s professional ethics formation by teaching foreign language (at a technical university). The authors show some considerable disadvantages of the predominant approach presupposing the basic ethical principles translation in isolation from sociocultural specificity of the target-language country and offer a way to make the sociocultural aspect actual. The authors give a suggestion, that the engineer’s professional ethics should be conceptualized and represented as a phenomenon with nationally determined sociocultural distinguishing features, e.g. firstly as a part of professional culture of engineering community in the target-language country and secondly as a part of this country’s nationwide sociocultural experience. The elaborated approach lets include the fostering an attitude of social responsibility into the cross-cultural dialog which the modern communicative language teaching underlies. So this is more aligned with the targeting logic of the discipline by itself and can be more effective for pursuing its main goal - the development of foreign-language communicative competence. The elaborated approach is, also, more aligned with the logic of the engineering ethics, which like any other applied ethics should base on empiric material, e.g. on other people’s experience. The elaborated approach was realized in the two 2018 published study guides for civil engineering students, where the experience of Germany (as a target-language country) is to be analyzed and comprehended.

PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE UKRAINIAN VERSION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE

The article examines the concept of occupational self-efficacy, because self-efficacy assessments are widely used in organizational research. The concept of occupational self-efficacy addresses this point and self-efficacy is understood here as a domain-specific assessment. Occupational self-efficacy means such competence when a person feels able to successfully fulfill his/her job tasks. The aim of this study was to present psychometric adaptation of the Ukrainian translation of the Occupational Self-efficacy Scale proposed by B. Shyns and G. von Collani on the sample of employees working at Ukrainian companies. The modification of the original one-factor model was performed by calculating modification indices, which revealed possible correlations that can improve the model. The final version contains all 20 items that formed the one-factor version. All absolute and relative criteria testify to the high correspondence of the model with empirical data. The constructed scale is characterized by high construct validity and retest reliability. After converting the reverse scoring item, the scale total score was calculated by the formula (7 – Sum of items / 20). Accordingly, higher total scores on the scale characterize higher professional self-efficacy and vice versa. The descriptive statistics were calculated. The criterion validity was verified by comparing the translated version of the scale with the Positive Personality Traits Questionnaire proposed by K. Singh and S.D. Jha. We determined that an individual’s high occupational self-efficacy is characterized by his/her confidence in the ability to initiate actions regarding his/her own life and the lives of others, as well as be active and independent in social relations. Accordingly, the occupational self-efficacy constructs and basic positive personal traits are linked to one another. Prospects for further research in this direction are to create a short version of this scale and to adapt it in correspondence with the socio-cultural features of the Ukrainian population.

Мистецьке шоу: маніпуляція мистецтвом чи мистецтво маніпуляції?

The word "show" has long and firmly established itself in the modern media space and our everyday life. The scientific discourse uses not only constant expressions like show business, but also fairly new ones, including show industry, show politics, show discourse, show civilization, show content, show didactics. All these "doubles" imply the active introduction of show technology into the relevant social-cultural spheres.Most researchers trace the show's historical path from ancient sights, and its biological prerequisites boil down to "social imprinting" — an innate tendency to copy the behavior broadcast by a leader. Let's agree that traditional sights have always shown a form of mass communication, and therefore directly related to the mass consciousness of the participant-viewer.Researchers choose different criteria to define the concept of "show": characteristic features of any spectacle in general, postmodern specificity, communicative component, sociocultural features, ontological dimensions. Such a panorama of approaches testifies not only to the magnitude and versatility of this phenomenon, but also to its deep penetration into all spheres of society. This is due to the show technology mentioned above.Undoubtedly, the leading broadcasting channels are television and the Internet, as they show the highest degree of visualization of retransmitted information. Even those art shows, which are filmed in stage (concert) conditions and are already spectacular in their origin, acquire in their screen embodiment new powerful features of interactivity, emphasized expressiveness.Show-technology, which allows to manipulate the attention of the viewer, involves the temporary distraction of the viewer from the pivotal, main theme due to the shift of emphasis towards minor elements, phenomena, events. Such clique of the show is determined by its structural fragmentation, a peculiar "injection of novelty" from everywhere, a kaleidoscopic impression, a constant violation of "unbreakable" rules. An interesting paradox is observed: in order to keep the viewer's attention, the show must always divert it from the bar to additional, parallel levels, but to do so with an increased degree of expressiveness. Such expressiveness is provided by media resources, using the maximum degree of visualization, outrageousness, sensationalism, simulation. In fact, a media frenzy, boom, information fever is created around people or events that do not attract attention by themselves.A successful, popular show becomes such because it shows the viewer unmet needs — in love, respect, self-esteem, involvement in social-cultural activity, awareness of belonging to a certain social group, self-expression, rest and entertainment, emotional relaxation — and satisfies them.In its highest manifestation, this "viewer orientation" turns into a powerful show-anchoring technology. This psychological term means a conscious or, more often, unconscious, installation that engages a person (the anchor itself), fixing in it a strong conditional reflex connection. In an art show, it is often a forced memorization of certain images or symbols, the repetition of which will cause the person a specific emotional response that the manipulator needs. It is clear that such anchoring makes it possible for the anchor viewer to control it further. Using powerful methods of psychological influence on the audience of the show, such as suggesting, imitating, pressure under the guise of persuasion, show technologies thus become a powerful means of shaping the viewer's worldview and perception, the leverage of manipulating his consciousness and affection.The whole set of show technologies (discussed above and others) in action can be represented as a conditional scheme of the process, the leading feature of which will be increased manipulability at each subsequent stage: information about — popularization — advertising — propaganda — information terror.The global penetration of show technology into almost all spheres of public life that we are witnessing today makes the scientific discourse around the phenomenon of showmanship possible.The fast pace of showmanship and the powerful activation of show production are explained by two interdependent factors: on the one hand, show technologies are aimed at manipulating the viewers and making certain changes in the minds of the communication subjects (through "addicting" the viewer to a particular TV show), on the other — the viewers themselves manipulate the makers of the television product in some way (with their interest, lively interactive participation, high viewing rating), stimulating the continuation of their favorite shows in the coming seasons and creating new ones. Such interdependence leads to the fact that the entertaining and hedonistic functions of the art show gradually lose their primacy, and the stage involves managing the consciousness of the viewers and the multi-vector manipulation of their interests and appraisals, emotions and mood, and in general — the public position.

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Development of the Rule of Law State in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of socio-cultural and institutional-legal features of the development of the rule of law state in Ukraine. It is noted that the development of the rule of law state in Ukraine involves the interaction of several socio-cultural, ideological and institutional-legal aspects, the implementation of which at present is burdened with various difficulties of an objective and subjective nature. In particular, the most significant problems that need to be addressed immediately are optimization of the Ukrainian government system and improvement of the quality of law-making, increasing the level of professionalism and civil liability of officials of all levels, overcoming imbalance in government and effective legal support of this process, implementation of the principles of the rule of law state taking into account the European tradition of democratic governance.

Визуальная репрезентация образа «счастье» как способ исследования социокультурного архетипа

Концепт «счастье» трактуется индивидуально каждым человеком, но в то же время является культурно обусловленным и имеет признаки социокультурного архетипа. Новизна исследования состоит в попытке сопоставить вербализированные результаты опросов респондентов на тему «счастье» с его визуальными репрезентациями на основе феноменологического, социокультурного, лингвокультурного и лингвокогнитивного подходов. Использование принципа дополнительности показало, что полученная на основе типологизации изображений информация и вербализация концепта «счастье» не противоречат друг другу. Вербализируемый, как и изображаемый концепт, становясь частью семантического пространства индивида, отражает его гендерные, этнические, социально-психологические особенности.
 Использование проективных методов исследования позволяет обойти ограниченность вербальной системы, выявляя смыслы, переживаемые респондентами на уровне пред- и подсознания (особенно это становится актуальным в условиях полиэтничного сообщества). Данная методика ориентирована на изучение скрытых от осознания слоев информации, относящейся как к универсальным культурным архетипам, выступающим в качестве спонтанно действующих устойчивых структур обработки, хранения и репрезентации коллективного опыта, так и к зависящим от гендерных, этнических, аксиологических и психологических особенностей личности. Интерпретация визуальных изображений позволила дифференцировать социокультурные характеристики феномена «счастье», обусловленные индивидуально-психологическими особенностями и ценностно-смысловыми ориентациями личности.
 Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 18-011-00223 «Влияние лингвокультурной специфики среды на формирование установок молодежи в межэтнических отношениях»).

Redistribution of salary or professional recognition? The difficult construction of a profession, the Peruvian nursing.

The study presents the current profile of Peruvian nursing, its professional construction and its dilemmas, emphasizing its socio-cultural features. To this end, an extensive literature was reviewed, interviewing nurses in key positions and analyzing secondary source data. This study keeps its distance from other studies on health care professions as a workforce, to analyze the low social legitimacy of the nursing profession despite being the great operator of health care services in Peru. This resulting psychological overload, additionally to the work overload is reflected in job dissatisfaction, stress, burnout, intention of changing careers, and a strong desire to migrate. As a result, Peruvian nursing has opted for three alternatives: a) resilience, which means to adapt to this unfavorable situation; b) abandoning the profession, or leaving the country; and c) reaction, which gathers all manifestations of the profession against abandonment, informality, and mediocrity. In conclusion, the biggest challenge of professions given low social value is the recognition and not only the salary redistribution. This significant challenge for Peruvian nursing does not mainly relate to legal professionalization, but professionalism, which must result in greater legitimacy and autonomy.

THE MEMOIR SOURCES OF SOUTHEASTERN UKRAINIAN PEASANTS DURING THE PERIOD OF THE WORLD WAR I

The proposed article investigates conditions and factors, created by the events of the World War I, which contributed to the creation of peasant personal sources amount. It conducts the analysis of peasants’ personal attitudes evolution. It researches socio-anthropological features of Russian army, both positive and negative, changes in relations between soldiers and officers, conditions of formation and evolution of the concepts ‘native’ and ‘alien,’ and the spread of deviant behavior forms among the soldiers. The article also evaluates the informational potential of peasant memoir sources and their level of subjectivity in the presentation of material. In general, written personal sources of peasants in southeastern Ukraine from the period of the World War I are important sources of the history of Ukraine. Memoirs carry an important cognitive function allowing researching the aspects of history, such as the socio-cultural features and relations, which are not represented in other types of historical sources. The egocentrism and subjectivity of this type of sources can be perceived not as a defect, but rather as an object for different direction of further researches. Memoir sources not only allow new insights into the conditions of ‘ordinary people’ in the circumstances of the World War I, but also allow defining the influence of the same ‘ordinary people’ on the general course of history.

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ТА СТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УТВОРЕННЯ НЕОЛОГІЗМІВ У МЕДІАТЕКСТАХ

The article is devoted to actual problems of the functioning and translation of neologisms in the media texts of the modern English-language press. In the course of the study, the definition of “media text” is given. The stylistic features of English-language media texts are characterized. It is noted that the language of English-language media texts has certain features and is aimed at certain categories of readers. During the analysis of English-language media, a direct relationship between the degree of complexity of the selected language tools and the sociocultural specific features of the target audience is proved. It was emphasized that most of the specific vocabulary in English-language media is socio-political vocabulary. Political texts are connected with the task of simultaneously and clearly conveying the events of the world of politics, and not overly complicating and overloading the message with various terms that would interfere with its understanding. Consequently, journalists often resort to the use of neologisms. The concepts of neologisms and their typology are considered. It is noted that there are various parameters for the definition of the term “neology”: the process of creating new lexical units is built in accordance with the usual mechanisms of the creative process in the development of speech; theoretical and applied research on the creation of lexical units, ways of forming words, criteria for recognition, acceptance and dissemination of neologisms, sociocultural aspects of neology; systematically organized activities of institutes for accounting, creating, recording, disseminating and introducing neologisms into a clear framework of language policy; the task of establishing new terminology systems and recently created industries that have gaps in terminology and require its implementation; a lexicographic system of relations with dictionaries, which proceeds from two aspects: using the dictionary as a filtering tool for recognizing neologisms and analyzing their processing inside dictionaries. The functional features of the use of neologisms in the media text are considered. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that neologisms are quite common in newspaper texts, are reflected in articles of various subjects (economic, business, entertainment, youth press, etc.), creating in each of them its own stylistic effect. It is noted that the transfer of neologisms in the Ukrainian language is carried out using such translation methods as assimilation, descriptive translation, tracing, transcribing, transliteration.

Perceiving Beijing’s “City Image” Across Different Groups Based on Geotagged Social Media Data

City image in general refers to the perception, the feeling, and the opinion of a city, which contributes great importance to urban management, urban planning, urban cultural perceptions, and tourism resource development. Traditionally, city image is often inferred by the `five-element' model of physical factors while lacking the consideration of subjective perception. With the rising penetration of smart mobile devices and social media, massive data of location-related texts has been generated for a variety of urban areas. The accessibility to the big data leads to a new approach of understanding the subjective perception of city image, which is important since the new approach takes the subjective heterogeneity into account. Based on the Beijing's Weibo (microblog) data in the year of 2016, we use a random forest model to categorize user backgrounds into locals and non-locals. Meanwhile, spatial clustering is applied to identify hotspots. Then two text analysis methods-term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA)-are adopted to abstract topics regarding the different geographical hotspots in the city across the different groups of individuals. Our research shows text mining on geotagged big data for city image makes it possible to accommodate the heterogeneity of the activities of different groups of people and to understand their preferences for different points of interests in the city, and thereby reveals the socio-cultural and functional features for the city.

ПРАГМАЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ МОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ У СУЧАСНИХ АНГЛОМОВНИХ МЕДІАТЕКСТАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ

The work is devoted to topical problems of functioning and translation of expressive vocabulary in media texts of modern English-language press. The study defines the concept of "media text". Stylistic features of English – language media texts are characterized. It is noted that the language of English-language media texts has certain features and directions for certain categories of readers. The analysis of English-language media proved the direct relationship between the degree of complexity of the selected language tools and socio-cultural specific features of the target audience. Linguistic practice of mass media determines the main tendencies of development of lexical-semantic, word-forming and syntactic structures of language. The language of the media is singled out as a separate background in journalism, which has its own genre and language features. Expressiveness is a property of language units to reinforce the logical and emotional meaning of what is said. Expression is a set of semantic and stylistic features of speech expressiveness, such as quality, due to which stylistic marking (emotionality) is achieved. The concepts of expression and expressiveness are different: expression serves to increase and enhance expressiveness, and expressiveness is that expressiveness. Expressive vocabulary is constantly updated and supplemented with new lexical and semantic variants. It is emphasized that a significant part of the specific vocabulary in the English-language media is expressive vocabulary. The concepts of expressive vocabulary and their functionality in media text are considered. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that expressive vocabulary is quite common in newspaper texts, which is reflected in articles on various topics (economic, business, entertainment, youth newspapers, etc.), creating a stylistic effect in each of them. It is noted that the transfer of expressive English vocabulary in the Ukrainian language is carried out with the involvement of such translation methods as assimilation, descriptive translation, tracing, transcription, transliteration.

Sociocultural Aspects of the Contemporary Political Humour and Satire in Italy

The article concerns the peculiarities of the political humour and satire within the framework of the contemporary Italian political culture. Due to the political crisis of the late 20th century the image of the Italian politicians has undergone severe alterations, being associated with negative stereotypes. Referring to the political humour and satire, the Italians endeavour to control the political power, reveal the government`s inefficiency and its discrepancy with the nation`s values and ideals. Appealing to the example of the political cartoons dedicated to the former Prime Minister of Italy M. Renzi, the author defines the influence of the sociocultural factors and regional features on the contemporary political humour and political culture of Italy.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛЕКСИЧНИХ ІННОВАЦІЙ У СУЧАСНОМУ АНГЛОМОВНОМУ ІНТЕРНЕТ-ДИСКУРСІ

The article is devoted to current problems of lexical innovations functioning in modern English-language Internet discourse. Stylistic features of English-language Internet discourse are characterized. It is noted that the language of English-language Internet discourse has certain features and directions for certain categories of speakers and recipients. In the course of the analysis of the English-language Internet discourse, a direct relationship between the degree of complexity of the selected language tools and socio-cultural specific features of the target audience is proved. The ability of a language to learn neologisms can be qualified as its advantage, not weakness: as a result of lexical renewal, the language system is provided with additional opportunities and incentives for their own development. The latest concepts are further developed in culture, which is reflected in the derived names. For each lexical innovation in the structure of language there is a structure of knowledge and experience gained in a particular field of activity relevant to a particular culture. The concept of neologisms and their typology are considered. It is noted that there are different parameters for defining the term "neology": the process of creating new lexical units is built in accordance with the usual mechanisms of the creative process in language development; theoretical and applied research of creation of lexical units, ways of word formation, criteria of recognition, acceptance and distribution of neologisms, sociocultural aspects of neology; systematically organized activities of institutes for accounting, creation, recording, dissemination and introduction of neologisms into a clear framework of language policy; the task of establishing new terminology systems and newly created industries that have gaps in terminology and require its implementation; lexicographic system of relations with dictionaries is based on two aspects: the use of the dictionary as a filtering tool for the recognition of neologisms and analysis of their processing within dictionaries. The functionality of neologisms within the English-language Internet discourse is considered. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that neologisms are quite common in Internet discourse. Lexical innovations of Internet discourse are characterized by significant variability of form and instability of meanings; only time will tell which of them will complete the basic English vocabulary and which will be rejected.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ІРОНІЧНИХ ВИСЛОВЛЮВАНЬ СУЧАСНОГО АНГЛОМОВНОГО КІНОДИСКУРСУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ

The article is devoted to topical problems of translation of modern English-language film discourse (based on the TV series "The Big Bang Theory"). Stylistic features of English-language film discourse are characterized. It is noted that the language of English-language film discourse has certain features and directions for certain categories of speakers and recipients. In the course of the analysis of English-language film discourse, a direct relationship between the degree of complexity of the selected language tools and socio-cultural specific features of the target audience is proved. The irony is a move to challenge norms, rules, common sense. It easily turns into a paradox and a joke. Comparisons of two or more textual worlds, styles, paradoxical comparisons, quotations, parodies lead to endless possibilities for variations in the understanding of ironic means. Socio-cultural linguistic elements that complicate film translation include realities (non-equivalent vocabulary), proper names, idiomatic expressions and jargon, dialect and variant features, humor. Non-linguistic features of the socio-cultural character contained in the visual and sound plans of a motion picture can also affect translation. At the same time, empirical studies of the application and methods of film translation testify to the existence of specific operational rules, that is, the patterns of behavior of the translator in some sociocultural situation – the situation of translation for film screening. Thus, the conducted study shows that "film discourse" is a "broader concept than cinema text” and “film dialogue”, which includes various correlations with other fields of science, such as literature, theater, art, etc. In addition, it is in the cinema discourse that the final interpretation of sen sous, embedded in the movie. In this case, cinema text is a fragment of cinema discourse and includes two heterogeneous semiotic systems: linguistic and non-linguistic, the film dialogue appears as the linguistic component of the film. Therefore, the audiovisual images operated by cinema become an indispensable element of the new discourse of modernity, which is the source of social, cultural, psychological as well as linguistic knowledge. This is why book adaptations are so popular because they save time and effort. However, as a result of a comparative lexical stylistic analysis of the book and its TV version, it was found that the number of lexical means and stylistic figures in the literary work is much greater and striking in its diversity, especially when it comes to descriptions. In the film, the language becomes poorer because dialogic speech is a predominantly spoken-and-everyday style characterized by general vocabulary and changes in the syntactic structure of sentences. The sentences in the movie are usually simple, not complex, full of exclamations and pauses and easy to hear. Film discourse should be understood as the process of play and perception of a film, the meaning of which is the mutual influence of several semiotic systems. Cinema discourse involves participants in the discourse, time and space of their interaction. The main difficulty in translatable movie text is the possibility and degree of adaptation of the text to a foreign language culture, built on a different system of values and concepts, and this factor causes the inevitable loss in the perception of translatable cinema with other subjects and / or incompatible with other linguistic culture failures of a large number of films.

УЧЁТ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАЗЛИЧИЙ ПРИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ УЧЕБНОГО ПРОЦЕССА ДЛЯ КИТАЙСКИХ СТУДЕНТОВ

Abstract. The paper deals with the need to take into account the socio-cultural characteristics of Chinese people when planning a strategy for organizing their educational process in a foreign (Russian) environment. The Chinese way of life is strictly regulated and is still conditioned by the philosophical dogmas of the thinker Confucius, which contain the main moral criteria and determine the national mentality. These are primarily a recognition of the leadership role of the state (state bodies) and, as a result, a hierarchical structure of society, the unconditional subordination of the younger to the older; respect for educated and cultured people as worthy society members; adherence to rules and rituals in the organization of everyday life; compliance with the norms of behavior in dealing with fellow citizens (the senior, the junior), and others. Consideration of these features will allow planning the educational process strategy correctly and make it easier for Chinese citizens to adapt to the foreign (Russian) environment. Keywords: national sociocultural features, identity, mentality, adaptation, foreign cultural environment.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ У ЗАРУБІЖНИХ КРАЇНАХ

The article determines that elementary school is the first level in the process of obtaining general education for children and in their general intellectual, physical and social development. in practice, accordingly, it sets the task for professional education as well – to prepare future elementary school teacher as a social personality, capable of solving certain problems and tasks of professional activity under the conditions of mastering a system of skills and competences. The success of the pedagogical activity of an elementary school teacher implies a special preparedness in the institution of higher education – the formation of knowledge, skills and pedagogical competences aimed at the exercise of professional functions. Study of experience of foreign countries on the professional pedagogical training of elementary school teachers is an important condition for the formation of theoretical and methodological bases for optimization of the training of elementary school teachers in Ukrainian HEIs. An analysis of current approaches to the preparation of future primary school teachers in France, the United Kingdom and Japan makes it possible to highlight the trends that are characteristic of European and Japanese education, namely: training teachers in higher education, two-level education, student development taking into account socio-cultural features, forming in them the readiness for professional mobility, to study throughout their professional activity, creating conditions for internships abroad. Progressive ideas of foreign experience can be taken into account in the national practice of teacher training. Further scientific inquiries may be directed to the study of the content filling of the teacher training programs and the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in the institutions of higher education of foreign countries. Learning and using the experience of other countries is one of the main methods of designing educational reforms in Ukraine. Using foreign experience will help to avoid many mistakes. In addition, the integration of Ukraine into the world and European educational spaces requires adaptation of national educational legislation to pan-European educational principles and practices. These include, in particular, the existence of certain standards of education and professional activity of teachers.

IDEOLOGY AS A MYSTIFICATION OF REALITY

Ideology is a mystification, a mythologizing of reality. The purpose of ideology is to formulate a simple image of reality that will be clear to the average person; to develop an arsenal of techniques and methodologies for the mystification of the socio-political system. Ideology is related to the social structure, economic system of production and politics. Each ideology determines the forms of government, economic systems, social guarantees. The study of ideology is very important in political discourse, ideology influences the strategies of society. Ideology is always an escape from reality. Ideology as well as fiction is very attractive, the real world is imperfect, and ideology offers a perfect world. In favorable political conditions (authoritarianism, totalitarianism), ideology becomes a privileged and hidden form of government, a powerful way of manipulating consciousness in conditions of poverty, despair, social crisis. Ideology forms a vector on which the understanding of important political concepts is built at different ends: rights and freedoms, legality, economy, power, civic institutions, and so on. The action of ideology is determined, on the one hand, by irrational attitudes, on the other - by the context of communication and socio-cultural features of society. In contrast to highly specialized disciplines, philosophy is able to reach a universal level of generalization, which allows us to look at ideology as a systemic, holistic phenomenon. The study of ideology is not defined by political parties and ideals, it also covers the economy, education, health care, army, etc., but still, most ideology is manifested in the political space, where in addition to left-right ideology, in modern realities is gaining momentum populist ideology (populism). the problem of finding a new strategy for the development of the state. Democratic institutions, ways of overcoming corruption and raising the level of education of citizens, formation of critical thinking can overcome rigid ideology.

“Neue Zeitung” of the Early Modern Period: Socio-Cultural Features of German Illustrated Single Woodcuts in the 16th — 17th Centuries

“Neue Zeitung” of the Early Modern Period: Socio-Cultural Features of German Illustrated Single Woodcuts in the 16th — 17th Centuries