Society Committee Research Articles

Functional genomics in inborn errors of immunity.

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) comprise a diverse spectrum of 485 disorders as recognized by the International Union of Immunological Societies Committee on Inborn Error of Immunity in 2022. While IEI are monogenic by definition, they illuminate various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of polygenic immune dysregulation as in autoimmune or autoinflammatory syndromes, or in more common infectious diseases that may not have a significant genetic basis. Rapid improvement in genomic technologies has been the main driver of the accelerated rate of discovery of IEI and has led to the development of innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we will explore various facets of IEI, delving into the distinctions between PIDD and PIRD. We will examine how Mendelian inheritance patterns contribute to these disorders and discuss advancements in functional genomics that aid in characterizing new IEI. Additionally, we will explore how emerging genomic tools help to characterize new IEI as well as how they are paving the way for innovative treatment approaches for managing and potentially curing these complex immune conditions.

Chinese expert consensus: multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of multiple ground-glass nodule like lung cancer (2024 edition)

Multiple ground glass nodules (GGN) like lung cancer is a special type of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer, with two or more lesions present simultaneously. It has characteristics such as"indolent"development, less lymph node or distant metastasis, identical or different pathological stages, differential driving gene mutations, diverse imaging manifestations, and good prognosis. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment behavior of multiple GGN-like lung cancer, reduce issues such as over diagnosis and insufficient treatment, relevant domestic experts are organized by The Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association, Lung Cancer Alliance of Chinese Thoracic Surgery, the Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Tumor Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, the Tumor Ablation Expert Group of the Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Chinese Expert Consensus:Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Ground-Glass Nodule Like Lung Cancer (2024 Edition) was discussed and formulated. The main content includes: follow-up strategies, differential diagnosis, diagnosis and staging, treatment methods, and post treatment follow-up for multiple GGN-like lung cancer.

Донорское движение в Москве в 1950–1970-е гг.: по документам Центрального государственного архива города Москвы

The article is devoted to a little-studied topic in Russian research circles - the history of gratuitous blood donation in the capital under the auspices of the Moscow City Committee of the Red Cross Society (MCC RCRS) in 1950-1970s. The donor movement for several decades has come a long way from spontaneously initiated events to the formation of a sustainable community of donors with its traditional actions, support and motivation system. The work actualizes the problem of development of the sectoral sphere of volunteer efforts application - gratuitous blood donation - from the historical point of view. The systematic and planned development of the donor movement of the MCC RCRS allowed to increase the donor activity of the capital's population, to form the ideology of socially significant practice with its key principles and the culture of responsible behavior of citizens. The MCC RCRS used a wide arsenal of organizational forms of social mobilization of citizens on a voluntary basis to attract the attention of the capital's residents to the problems of regularity and gratuitousness of donations. The article describes the measures of social support of donors that proved their effectiveness in practice. The joint activity of the MCC RCRS, district committees and primary branches with blood services, health care institutions in close contact with the authorities was the key to the successful fulfillment of the planned obligations to involve Soviet citizens in the ranks of gratuitous donors of the capital in the 1950-1970s. The empirical basis of the study was formed by the archival materials of the Central State Archive of Moscow, many of which the author introduces into scientific circulation for the first time. Of particular interest is the office work documentation of the MCC RCRS (transcripts, reports, annual activity reports, orders, circulars, decisions and resolutions), diverse in nature and content. The methodological basis for a comprehensive study was the principles of systematicity, historicism, objectivity, as well as the integrated use of a wide range of sources, generally accepted in historical science, which allowed us to consider the development of the gratuitous donor movement in Moscow in the conditions of specific-historical determinism, social conditionality and consistency of its design. Taking into account the historical experience of development of gratuitous donation is relevant nowadays in the process of solving both modern and prospective problems of the Russian health care system. Besides, it is in demand by the All-Russian public movement "Medical Volunteers" and the Russian Red Cross in the conditions of implementation of volunteer programs, volunteer initiatives and projects of development of the domestic blood service.

Kidney care in patients with cancer: perspectives from the onconephrology committee of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology.

Kidney care in patients with cancer: perspectives from the onconephrology committee of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology.

Requirements for human natural killer cells.

'Requirements for Human Natural Killer Cells' is the latest set of guidelines on human NK cells in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Standards Committee of Chinese Society for Cell Biology. This standard specifies requirements for the human natural killer (NK) cells, including the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labeling requirements, packaging requirements, storage and transportation requirements, and waste disposal requirements of NK cells. This standard is applicable for the quality control of NK cells, derived from human tissues, or differentiated/transdifferentiated from stem cells. It was originally released by the Chinese Society for Cell Biology on 30 August, 2022. We hope that the publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance, and execution of proper protocols and accelerate the international standardization of human NK cells for applications.

Novel insect-based child nutrition: the position of the nutritional committee of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP)

BackgroundThe European Union (EU) approved the placement on European market of insect-based novel foods. Those foods were defined safe for the consumption for all European population, including children.Main bodyThe nutrition committee of the Italian society of Paediatric Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) performed literature research to understand benefits and risk of those use of those NF for Italian children. A special attention was reserved to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) reports upon which those novel insect-based were approved.ConclusionsBased on the current knowledge, despite a possible ecological advantage, the group of expert suggests additional researches before pronouncing on a possible use for children diet, because of insufficient evidence on nutritional benefits and possible food allergies.

Chinese expert consensus on laparoscopic hepatic segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy navigated by augmented- and mixed-reality technology combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging

Abstract Augmented- and mixed-reality technologies have pioneered the realization of real-time fusion and interactive projection for laparoscopic surgeries. Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology has enabled anatomical, functional, and radical hepatectomy through tumor identification and localization of target hepatic segments, driving a transformative shift in the management of hepatic surgical diseases, moving away from traditional, empirical diagnostic and treatment approaches toward digital, intelligent ones. The Hepatic Surgery Group of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Digital Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Digital Intelligent Surgery Committee of the Chinese Society of Research Hospitals, and Liver Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized the relevant experts in China to formulate this consensus. This consensus provides a comprehensive outline of the principles, advantages, processes, and key considerations associated with the application of augmented reality and mixed-reality technology combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology for hepatic segmental and subsegmental resection. The purpose is to streamline and standardize the application of these technologies.

Endorsement of “European Respiratory Society guideline on non-CPAP therapies for obstructive sleep apnoea” by World Sleep Society

Guidelines for management of sleep disorders from national or regional societies provide recommendations that may be regionally appropriate but may not always be practical or relevant in other parts of the world. A task force of experts from the World Sleep Society's (WSS) International Sleep Medicine Guidelines Committee and Sleep and Breathing Disorders Task Force reviewed the European Respiratory Society's guideline on non-CPAP therapies for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with respect to its relevance and applicability to the practice of sleep medicine by sleep specialists in various regions of the world. The task force and the WSS guidelines committee endorsed the European Respiratory Society's guideline with respect to the utilization of bariatric surgery, mandibular advancement devices, positioning devices, myofunctional therapy, hypoglossal neurostimulation, maxilo-mandibular surgery, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of OSA. The task force and the WSS guidelines committee noted that there is substantial new evidence for the role of soft tissue, upper airway surgery, not included in the guidelines paper.

Father's perceptions and care involvement for their very preterm infants at French neonatal intensive care units.

We aimed to evaluate (1) fathers' perceptions and care involvement for their very premature infants and their views of the hospitalization period based on parental reports and (2) their evolution over time. We used an online parental survey to assess answers from parents of very preterm infants who were successfully discharged from French neonatal units. We analysed answers from February 2014 to January 2019 to an anonymous internet-based survey from the GREEN committee of the French Neonatal Society. Responses were compared for period 1 (P1, 1998 to 2013) and period 2 (P2, 2014 to 2019). We analyzed 2,483 surveys, 124 (5%) from fathers and 2,359 (95%) from mothers. At birth, 1,845 (80%) fathers were present in the hospital, but only 879 (38%) were near the mother. The presence of fathers in the NICU increased from P1 to P2 (34.5% vs. 43.1%, p = 0.03). Nearly two thirds of fathers accompanied their infants during transfer to the NICU (1,204 fathers, 60.6%). Fathers and mothers had similar perceptions regarding relationships with caregivers and skin-to-skin contact with their infants. However, more fathers than mothers felt welcome in the NICU and in care involvement regarding requests for their wishes when they met their infant (79% vs. 60%, p = 0.02) and in the presentation of the NICU (91% vs. 76%; p = 0.03). Mothers and fathers significantly differed in the caring procedures they performed (p = 0.01), procedures they did not perform but wanted to perform (p < 0.001), and procedures they did not perform and did not want to perform (p < 0.01). Most fathers were present at the births of their very preterm infants, but fewer fathers were near the mother at this time. Less than two thirds of fathers accompanied their infants to the NICU. There should be further changes to better meet the specific needs of the fathers of infants requiring care in the NICU. Continuing assessment with an online questionnaire may be useful to monitor changes over time in father's involvement in NICUs.

Instruments to assess post-intensive care syndrome assessment: a scoping review and modified Delphi method study

BackgroundThe assessment of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is challenging due to the numerous types of instruments. We herein attempted to identify and propose recommendations for instruments to assess PICS in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to identify PICS follow-up studies at and after hospital discharge between 2014 and 2022. Assessment instruments used more than two times were included in the modified Delphi consensus process. A modified Delphi meeting was conducted three times by the PICS committee of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and each score was rated as not important (score: 1–3), important, but not critical (4–6), and critical (7–9). We included instruments with ≥ 70% of respondents rating critical and ≤ 15% of respondents rating not important.ResultsIn total, 6972 records were identified in this scoping review, and 754 studies were included in the analysis. After data extraction, 107 PICS assessment instruments were identified. The modified Delphi meeting reached 20 PICS assessment instrument recommendations: (1) in the physical domain: the 6-min walk test, MRC score, and grip strength, (2) in cognition: MoCA, MMSE, and SMQ, (3) in mental health: HADS, IES-R, and PHQ-9, (4) in the activities of daily living: the Barthel Index, IADL, and FIM, (5) in quality of life: SF-36, SF-12, EQ-5D-5L, 3L, and VAS (6), in sleep and pain: PSQI and Brief Pain Inventory, respectively, and (7) in the PICS-family domain: SF-36, HADS, and IES-R.ConclusionBased on a scoping review and the modified Delphi method, 20 PICS assessment instruments are recommended to assess physical, cognitive, mental health, activities of daily living, quality of life, sleep, and pain in ICU survivors and their families.

The role of pneumococcal vaccination in reducing cardiovascular risk in cardiac patients: Expert opinion of the Prevention Committee of the Polish Cardiac Society supported by the Polish Vaccinology Society.

Respiratory diseases have been the fourth most common cause of death in Poland in recent years. Respiratory infection, especially pneumonia, can lead to exacerbation of chronic cardiovascular disease.Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumococci are also the most common pathogen complicating the course of infection with the influenza virus. Pneumonia, especially invasive pneumococcal disease, is associated with risk of death in the course of respiratory failure or sepsis and also with worsening of the prognosis for existing cardiovascular disease. Despite those facts, recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination are still not well established in cardiovascular guidelines. This expert opinion aims to summarize current knowledge on the importance of preventing invasive pneumococcal disease in cardiac patients.

Exploring the Multifaceted Nexus of Uric Acid and Health: A Review of Recent Studies on Diverse Diseases.

The prevalence of patients with hyperuricemia or gout is increasing worldwide. Hyperuricemia and gout are primarily attributed to genetic factors, along with lifestyle factors like consuming a purine-rich diet, alcohol and/or fructose intake, and physical activity. While numerous studies have reported various comorbidities linked to hyperuricemia or gout, the range of these associations is extensive. This review article focuses on the relationship between uric acid and thirteen specific domains: transporters, genetic factors, diet, lifestyle, gout, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, hypertension, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and malignancies. The present article provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in these areas, compiled by experts from the Young Committee of the Japanese Society of Gout and Uric and Nucleic Acids. The consolidated summary serves to enhance the global comprehension of uric acid-related matters.

Expert consensus for diagnosis and treatment of post-cardiac arrest syndrome in adults by combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine in China (2023)

Reperfusion injury occurs after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with cardiac arrest (CA), which leads to multiple organ dysfunction, called post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). PCAS is closely related to the prognosis of CA patients, and is an independent risk factor of survival. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment is critical for improving prognosis of PCAS. In order to guide and standardize integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment in PCAS among clinicians, nurses and research personnel in China, the Emergency Medicine Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine has established an expert group to determine 14 clinical issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of PCAS with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine through clinical survey. The working group formulates a search strategy for each clinical issue according to the PICO principle. Chinese and English literature were searched from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The grade of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) were used to form the level of evidence and recommendation. When the literature evidence was insufficient, the recommendations and level of recommendation were formed after expert discussion. Combined with the aspects of generalizability, suitability, and resource utilization, the expert consensus developed 28 recommendations around the 14 aspects of three stages of PCAS, including early circulation, respiratory support and reversible cause relief, mid-term neuroprotection, improvement of coagulation, prevention and treatment of infection, kidney and gastrointestinal protection and blood sugar control, post rehabilitation treatment, providing references for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine of the diagnosis and treatment for PCAS.

Challenges and prospects in public health emergency preparedness and response based on the COVID-19 experience in Japan: A report by the Monitoring Report Committee of the Japanese Society of Public Health

Challenges and prospects in public health emergency preparedness and response based on the COVID-19 experience in Japan: A report by the Monitoring Report Committee of the Japanese Society of Public Health

Proton Beam Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multicenter Prospective Registry Study in Japan

A prospective multicenter registry study was started May 2016 in Japan to evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy (PBT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients who received PBT for HCC from May 2016 to June 2018 were registered in the database of the Particle Beam Therapy Committee and Subcommittee of the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local recurrence were evaluated. Of the 755 registered patients, 576 with initial PBT and no duplicate cancer were evaluated. At final follow-up, 322 patients were alive and 254 had died. The median follow-up period for survivors was 39 months (0-58 months). The median OS time of the 576 patients was 48.8 months (95% CI, 42.0-55.6 months) and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year OS rates were 83.8% (95% CI, 80.5%-86.6%), 68.5% (64.5%-72.2%), 58.2% (53.9%-62.2%), and 50.1% (44.9%-55.0%), respectively. Recurrence was observed in 332 patients, including local recurrence in 45 patients. The median PFS time was 14.7 months (95% CI, 12.4-17.0 months) and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year PFS rates were 55.2% (95% CI, 51.0%-59.2%), 37.5% (33.5%-41.5%), 30.2% (26.3%-34.2%), and 22.8% (18.5%-27.4%), respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year OS rates were significantly higher for tumor size <5 versus 5 to 10 cm (P < .001) and <5 versus ≥10 cm (P < .001); Child-Pugh score A/B versus C (P < .001); and distance of the tumor from the gastrointestinal tract <1 versus 1 to 2 cm (P < .008) and <1 versus >2 cm (P < .001). At final follow-up, 27 patients (4.7%) had late adverse events of grade 3 or higher, with liver failure (n=7), and dermatitis (n=7) being most common. This multicenter prospective data registry indicated that PBT for HCC gives good therapeutic effects (3-year local control rate of 90%) with a low risk of severe late adverse events.

Chinese expert consensus on laparoscopic hepatic segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy navigated by augmented and mixed reality technology combined with indocyanine green fluorescence(2023)

Augmented reality and mixed reality technologies have pioneered the realization of real-time fusion and interactive projection for laparoscopic surgery. Indocyanine green molecular imaging technology has realized anatomical, functional and radical hepatectomy through tumor identification and localization of target hepatic segmental extent, which has led to the transformation of hepatic surgical diseases from traditional empirical diagnostic and treatment modes to digital intelligent diagnostic and treatment modes. The Hepatic Surgery Group of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the Digital Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the Digital Intelligent Surgery Committee of the Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Liver Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have organized the relevant experts in China to formulate this consensus,which detailed advantages, process and key points of augmented reality and mixed reality technology combined with indocyanine green molecular imaging technology in hepatic segmental and subsegmental resection, to streamline and standardize the application of this technology for promotion.

S2k Guideline for Tibial Plateau Fractures - Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Tibial plateau fractures are mostly complex and surgically demanding joint fractures, which require a comprehensive understanding of the fracture morphology, ligamentous and neurovascular injuries, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic options for an optimal clinical outcome. Therefore, a standardised and structured approach is required. The success of the treatment of tibial plateau fractures relies on the interdisciplinary cooperation between surgical and conservative physicians in an outpatient and inpatient setting, physical therapists, patients and service providers (health insurance companies, statutory accident insurance, pension providers). On behalf of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU), the German Trauma Society (DGU) and the Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery (AGA), under the leadership of the Fracture Committee of the German Knee Society (DKG), a guideline for tibial plateau fractures was created, which was developed in several voting rounds as part of a Delphi process. Based on the current literature, this guideline is intended to make clear recommendations and outline the most important treatment steps in diagnostics, therapy and follow-up treatment. Additionally, 25 statements were revised by the authors in several survey rounds using the Likert scale in order to reach a final consensus.

Evaluating success in a changing academic landscape

AbstractHow one individual characterises another successful individual varies widely. At a time when work–life balance and the use of metrics are key concerns within the academic landscape, Early Career Academics (ECAs) are voicing particular worries about the opacity with which we discuss and define success in academia, which influences recruitment and progression in unseen ways. Drawing on the results of a survey of 92 geomorphologists, earth and environmental scientists (96% from Europe or North America) and textual analysis of 54 job advertisements for early career positions at UK institutions spanning 2010–2021, we posit that there is a divergence between the perceptions, expectations and realities of academic success and that this has widened over the last decade. We find limited evidence of gendered differences in how academics define success, in stark contrast to employment and promotion outcomes within universities. We also find notable differences in how individual, more senior academics value publications and grant capture, which is at odds with advice usually given to ECAs. This mismatch is reinforced by the steady rise in the total number of essential job criteria listed on job advertisements for early career positions. Strong applicants are expected to excel in more areas than a decade ago. We put forward a series of recommendations implementable at local levels (e.g., research groups, learned society committees, departments) to help ensure markers of success are defined, valued and implemented in more appropriate and consistent ways. These include: the necessity of establishing clear guidelines for recruitment, promotion and awards, and ensuring these are visible and accessible; greater transparency around the weightings given to different criteria in a job advert; and a call to the community to reflect on how our individual markers of success match our career advice and the decisions taken by hiring or promotion panels we sit on.

Impact of Preoperative Motor Status for the Positive Predictive Value of Transcranial Motor-Evoked Potentials Alerts in Thoracic Spine Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Study by the Monitoring Committee of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research.

Prospective multicenter study. To investigate the validity of transcranial motor-evoked potentials (Tc-MEP) in thoracic spine surgery and evaluate the impact of specific factors associated with positive predictive value (PPV). One thousand hundred and fifty-six cases of thoracic spine surgeries were examined by comparing patient backgrounds, disease type, preoperative motor status, and Tc-MEP alert timing. Tc-MEP alerts were defined as an amplitude decrease of more than 70% from the baseline waveform. Factors were compared according to preoperative motor status and the result of Tc-MEP alerts. Factors that showed significant differences were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. Overall sensitivity was 91.9% and specificity was 88.4%. The PPV was significantly higher in the preoperative motor deficits group than in the preoperative no-motor deficits group for both high-risk (60.3% vs 38.3%) and non-high-risk surgery groups (35.1% vs 12.8%). In multivariate logistic analysis, the significant factors associated with true positive were surgical maneuvers related to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (odds ratio = 11.88; 95% CI: 3.17-44.55), resection of intradural intramedullary spinal cord tumor (odds ratio = 8.83; 95% CI: 2.89-27), preoperative motor deficit (odds ratio = 3.46; 95% CI: 1.64-7.3) and resection of intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor (odds ratio = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.16-7.8). The significant factor associated with false positive was non-attributable alerts (odds ratio = .28; 95% CI: .09-.85). Surgeons are strongly encouraged to use Tc-MEP in patients with preoperative motor deficits, regardless of whether they are undergoing high-risk spine surgery or not. Knowledge of PPV characteristics will greatly assist in effective Tc-MEP enforcement and minimize neurological complications with appropriate interventions.

The third nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility against Neisseria gonorrhoeae from male urethritis in Japan, 2016–2017

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the important pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. N. gonorrhoeae is rapidly becoming antimicrobial resistant, and there are few drugs that are effective in the initial treatment of gonorrhea. To understand the trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae, the Surveillance Committee of the Japanese Society of Infectious Diseases, the Japanese Society for Chemotherapy, and the Japanese Society of Clinical Microbiology conducted the third nationwide antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from male urethritis. The specimens were collected from male patients with urethritis at 30 facilities from May 2016 to July 2017. From the 159 specimens collected, 87 N. gonorrhoeae strains were isolated, and 85 were tested for susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents. All strains were non-susceptible to penicillin G. Seven strains (8.2%) were β-lactamase-producing strains. The rates of susceptibility to cefixime and cefpodoxime were 96.5% and 52.9%, respectively. Three strains were non-susceptible with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 mg/L for cefixime. None of the strains were resistant to ceftriaxone or spectinomycin. The susceptibility rate for ciprofloxacin was 23.5% (20 strains), and no strains showed intermediate susceptibility. The susceptibility rate against azithromycin was 81.2%, with one strain isolated with a MIC of 8 mg/L against azithromycin. The results of this surveillance indicate that ceftriaxone and spectinomycin, which are currently recommended for gonococcal infections in Japan, appear to be effective. It will be necessary to further expand the scale of the next surveillance to understand the current status of drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae in Japan.