Welfare Of Society Research Articles

Social Cost Benefit Analysis – a powerful tool for decision making

Abstract Health Impact Assessment provides policy makers with important information about health effects of programs, policies, plans or projects (PPPP). However, PPPP may have many more effects, both positive and negative, direct and indirect, intended and unintended, immediate and in the far future. Ex-ante insights in all these effects may help policy makers to optimize decision-making, but also to communicate realistically to all stakeholders about the PPPP. Weighing effects that may be very different in scale and reach different stakeholders in different ways is inevitable. One powerful tool to help decision makers in this task is Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA). SCBA requires to specify and quantify all effects of PPPP over a specified time horizon. It is also necessary to specify a base-case scenario, i.e. how the problem under study would develop without further investments in PPPP. All effects of PPPP need to be quantified in monetary terms, these can be financial, e.g. healthcare costs or costs of productivity losses, or non-financial, for instance by placing a value of €50,000 on a QALY gained or a DALY averted or a value of €3,5 million on a lost life. PPPP with positive net monetary value are considered welfare enhancing, while PPPP with a negative monetary value do not add to welfare in society. In the Netherlands, government asks any bigger PPPP to be quantified with SCBA methodology. Guidance on unit values for non-monetary effects is given. This contribution will elaborate on results of the SCBA method for different alcohol policy measures, such as increase in excise taxes, minimum unit pricing, closure of vending spots and a total marketing ban. SCBA is a powerful tool to inform policy makers and assist in their decision making processes. It is also a labour and data intensive process that should only be used for larger PPPP investments and not for local decision making.

Islamic Educational Values in the Verses of the Song “Mars Nahdlatul Wathan” by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid from Lombok

This research aims to analyze the Islamic educational values embedded in the verses of the song "Mars Nahdlatul Wathan" written by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid. This study employs a literature analysis method to comprehend the meaning and messages conveyed in the song lyrics and to identify the Islamic educational values reflected in its verses. The research findings indicate that "Mars Nahdlatul Wathan" contains several highly relevant Islamic educational values. Firstly, the song emphasizes the importance of unity, solidarity, and harmony in society, values that are greatly emphasized in Islam. Secondly, the song encourages the preservation and love for the nation and homeland, in accordance with Islamic teachings on patriotism. Thirdly, it underscores the significance of education and knowledge enhancement as a means to advance society, aligning with Islamic teachings on the importance of knowledge and education. Lastly, the song calls for striving for the welfare of society, reflecting the values of jihad in Islam, not only in a physical sense but also in the sense of working for the common good. Thus, this research concludes that "Mars Nahdlatul Wathan" by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid contains several Islamic educational values that can serve as a guide for the community in understanding and practicing Islamic teachings in daily life and in building a better society.

Promoting active ageing: The positive impact of older people’s participation in Urban Gardens

Abstract Background The socio-health and economic consequences of the progressive population ageing constitute a global challenge for public health, which is committed to the promotion of active and healthy ageing as a strategy to mitigate these consequences. The European project U-GARDEN has evaluated from a comprehensive and innovative approach the impact of urban gardens on the promotion of active ageing through the participation of older people in urban agriculture. Methods A qualitative methodology was designed and implemented in order to analyse the information provided by people over 65 years of age, who actively participated in urban gardens, from a personal and subjective perspective through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The benefits obtained from participation in urban gardens were analysed, considering the different dimensions that make up the paradigm of active ageing: physical, psychological, economic, health, behavioural and personal impact. A total of 20 interviews were used to reach the saturation point. Results Qualitative analysis showed multiple benefits of active and healthy aging. Participants reported increased physical activity and psychosocial improvements such as higher personal satisfaction, reduced stress, and enhanced self-esteem, strengthening community connections and fostering a sense of belonging. Economically, they reported savings on food costs and increased food security. Overall, respondents noted improvements in general health and quality of life, highlighting urban gardening as valuable for well-being and social-economic integration. Conclusions The findings reported in the framework of the U-GARDEN project support the importance of implementing innovative strategies that encourage participation in urban gardens as a tool to improve the overall wellbeing and health of older people, effectively addressing some of the main challenges of ageing such as loneliness unwanted frailty and disability. Key messages • The U-GARDEN project is an example of good practice in the use of urban gardens as a platform for promoting active and healthy ageing. • The promotion of green spaces through the establishment of urban gardens should be considered by health and political authorities for their ability to promote the general well-being of society.

Social media use in children and young adults: the Malta experience

Abstract Prof. Jean Calleja Agius MD PhD is Professor at Faculty of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Malta. Jean will demonstrate further examples of interventions to make the internet safer for young people, drawing on her experience of collaborating with the Children and Youth Council within the Malta Foundation for the Wellbeing of Society (MFWS), which in turn is affiliated with EUROCHILD. She will share the outcomes of initiatives which have been carried out within MFWS and outline recommendations made directly by children and adolescents. More stringent regulation of social media companies will be addressed, as well as the need for other measures to engage children in other healthier activities and empower them to opt for the right choices.

HOW TO MEASURE THE WELL-BEING OF A NATION: A NEW PROPOSAL BASED ON A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH

Measuring the well-being of a nation means identifying all the tools that enable its individuals to live well without worsening the lives of their neighbours or those to come in the future. For many years, the focus has been solely on the economic dimension, creating critical problems in the social and environmental spheres that will take years and large investments to remedy. This article gives an overview of the measurements used over the years in the international arena by recognised and respected bodies. The application of these indicators to the realities of countries has made it possible to identify models to be followed in order to enable the growth of the well-being of societies as a whole.

Strategic behaviors of renewable energy generation companies participating in the electricity and carbon coupled markets based on non-cooperative game theory

Renewable energy (RE) can participate in electricity and carbon market trading in China, which can help stimulate the investment of RE. Thus, we propose a bi-level model for non-cooperative game interactions among power generation companies (GenCos), considering the electricity and carbon coupled markets. The upper-level model considers strategic behaviors driven by maximizing profits for GenCos. The lower-level model includes a two-stage electricity market: the day-ahead market and the real-time market; it implements joint clearing of energy and reserves, and continuous trading with competitive auctions in the carbon market based on the clearing results of the electricity market. Simulations are performed based on the actual data of the power system in a certain region of Guangdong Province in China. The results show that electricity and carbon coupled markets can effectively reduce market costs and carbon emissions, improve the society welfare and RE benefits. The uncertain increase in RE output and higher installed capacity reduce the total revenue of the RE in the coupled markets. The initial carbon quota decomposition optimization decision of the coal-fired GenCos and gradual reduction in the initial carbon quota will increase the revenue of the RE GenCos.

Map to prosperity: Natural resource revenue sharing and infrastructure development in Indonesia

The well-being of society can be realized through meeting basic needs, one of which is providing public infrastructure. This study examines the role of Natural Resource Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH SDA) on government investment in infrastructure in 491 regencies/cities in Indonesia. The testing in this research uses panel data regression analysis. The results show that per capita DBH SDA in Indonesia during the study period of 2010–2012 has a significant and positive influence on government investment in infrastructure. The selection of this period is based on the consideration that a resources boom has occurred, where there is an increased global demand for natural resource commodities followed by an increase in commodity prices, thereby positively impacting revenue for countries or regions abundant in natural resources. Despite DBH SDA having a significant and positive influence, regional spending on infrastructure tends to be more influenced by central government transfers such as General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), and Local Own-source Revenue (PAD). It was found that government investment in infrastructure tends to be influenced by transfer funds, indicating that the role of the central government remains significant in determining the infrastructure expenditure of regencies/cities in Indonesia.

Synergy of Green Economy, Blue Economy and Brown Economy as a Prerequisite for SDG’s Success

The purpose of this research is to analyze the Synergy of Green Economy, Blue Economy and Brown Economy as a Prerequisite for the Success of SDG’s. or literature study. By comparing hypotheses found in literature books or previous research findings found in scientific journals, this strategy investigates a hypothesis according to the discipline of Green Economy, Blue Economy and Brown Economy Synergy and SDG’s Success. Based on the analysis that has been done, the synergy of green economy synergy is: such as reducing carbon emissions. The findings of this study include the term ""green economy"" refers to a way of thinking about economic activities that emphasizes economic growth and the idea of preventing environmental degradation and damage that has an impact on improving the welfare of society and humanity. synergy of the blue economy is 1) This idea gives priority to the improvement of marine manufacturing. 2) In terms of contribution to national income, marine productivity will be a major sector. 3) Most of the fishing waste can be exported as commodities and earn foreign exchange. And the synergy of the brown economy is: increasing the competitiveness of a nation. Even if some mitigation measures, such as transition or adjustment costs, still entail net costs, the potential future damage from ongoing climate change may be much higher.

Atulyagotreeya Vivaha: A scientific review and case series on non-consanguineous marriage

Atulya Gotra Vivaha (non-consanguineous marriages), emphasized in Ayurveda and supported by modern genetics, plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of congenital anomalies and genetic disorders. Ancient Ayurvedic texts, such as Acharya Charaka’s Atulyagotreeya Sharira Adhyaya, advocate marrying outside one's Gotra to prevent the inheritance of faulty genes and ensure healthier progeny. Modern science also confirms that consanguineous marriages increase the risk of autosomal recessive disorders like mental retardation and congenital anomalies. Despite these insights, cultural norms, ignorance, and lack of awareness drive individuals, especially in less-educated communities, to practice consanguineous marriages, risking the life and health of future generations. This review highlights the need for awareness and education regarding the risks of such unions. Promoting Atulya Gotra marriages can help reduce the burden of genetic disorders and protect every child's life, which is invaluable to the well-being of society.

Detecting Indoor Tiny Autonomous Malicious Drones within Critical Infrastructures: An Innovative Algorithm based on Harmonic Radar-Equipped Mini-Drones

Critical infrastructures play a central role in the welfare of contemporary societies and they should properly function 24/7. Since their role is so important, they regularly become targets of malicious parties, terrorists, industrial spies, and even hostile governments. In this paper, the scenario of cyber or physical attacks to CIs from tiny autonomous malicious drones is analyzed. In particular, this work focuses on indoor spaces, protected by mini-drones. The mini-drones are equipped with harmonic radar and run a novel algorithm, which guides them to scan the whole area. Assuming that the malicious drones behave as non-linear systems, the mini-drones transmit signals and analyze the received signals, creating a non-linear system 3D location map for the whole space. In the consecutive scans, any changes on the 3D location map indicate that the malicious drone has changed location. Simulated results and comparisons to state-of-the-art approaches exhibit the cost-effectiveness and time efficiency of the proposed scheme as well as its limitations.

Adoption of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz's Principles of Social Justice and Welfare in the Start-up Business Ecosystem

This article examines the adaptability and application of Umar bin Abdul Aziz's social justice and welfare principles in modern startup business strategies. Umar bin Abdul Aziz is known as one of the fair leaders and focuses on the welfare of society. Through this approach, this article explores how startups can integrate these principles into their business models. This study contributes by providing an ethical framework for startups in Indonesia to not only focus on financial gain but also play an active role in promoting social justice and public welfare. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The sources used are secondary sources. The study uses documentation to find and collect elements or variables related to the study. The analysis method in this study uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results show that the adoption of the principles of social justice and welfare of Umar bin Abdul Aziz in startup businesses shows that these values are very relevant. Startups can implement a profit-sharing system, establish partnerships with MSMEs, and implement CSR programs to improve community welfare. Financial transparency is also important to prevent corruption, while attention to the welfare of society by offering affordable products can strengthen their contribution to social justice. In this way, business startups gain an ethical framework that not only focuses on financial gain but also plays an active role in the welfare of society, so that public trust in startups can increase.

Tipping the balance between fairness and efficiency through temporoparietal stimulation

Maximizing the welfare of society requires distributing goods between groups of people with different preferences. Such decisions are difficult because different moral principles impose irreconcilable solutions. For example, utilitarian efficiency (maximize overall outcome across individuals) may need trade-off against Rawlsian fairness norms (maximize the outcome for the worst-off individual). We identify a brain mechanism enabling decision-makers to solve such trade-offs between efficiency and fairness using separate neuroimaging and sham-controlled brain stimulation experiments. As activity in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) increases, people are more likely to implement the Rawlsian fairness criterion rather than efficiency or inequality concerns. Strikingly, reducing TPJ excitability with brain stimulation reduces the concern for fairness in fairness-efficiency trade-offs. Moreover, the reduced fairness concerns statistically relate to stimulation-induced reductions in perspective-taking skills as measured in a separate task. Together, our findings not only reveal the neural underpinning of efficiency-fairness trade-offs but also recast the role of TPJ in social decision-making by showing that its perspective-taking function serves to promote fairness for the worst-off rather than efficiency or equality.

МНОГОУРОВНЕВАЯ СИСТЕМА ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

Economic security is an integral part of the overall security of the state. It is like the foundation on which the prosperity and stability of the country are built. Economic independence, sustainable development and the well-being of society directly depend on how well our economy is protected from internal and external threats. The efficiency of enterprises and organizations is also closely related to the level of economic security. The article highlights the close relationship between food and economic security of the state. The ability of the agro-industrial complex to provide the population with high-quality and affordable food directly affects the stability of the economy, social cohesion and political independence of the country. The authors note that the balance between domestic production and food imports plays a key role in ensuring food security and allows the state to effectively respond to external challenges.

Remote Sensing Mapping and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Patterns of Land Use and Cover Change in the Helong Region of the Loess Plateau Region (1986–2020)

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is directly linked to the sustainability of ecosystems and the long-term well-being of human society. The Helong Region in the Loess Plateau has become one of the areas most severely affected by soil and water erosion in China due to its unique geographical location and ecological environment. The long-term construction of terraces and orchards is one of the important measures for this region to combat soil erosion. Despite the important role that terraces and orchards play in this region, current studies on their extraction and understanding remain limited. For this reason, this study designed a land use classification system, including terraces and orchards, to reveal the patterns of LUCC and the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects in the area. Based on this system, this study utilized the Random Forest classification algorithm to create an annual land use and cover (LUC) dataset for the Helong Region that covers eight periods from 1986 to 2020, with a spatial resolution of 30 m. The validation results showed that the maps achieved an average overall accuracy of 87.54% and an average Kappa coefficient of 76.94%. This demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed design and land coverage mapping method in the study area. This study found that, from 1986 to 2020, there was a continuous increase in forest and grassland areas, a significant reduction in cropland and bare land areas, and a notable rise in impervious surface areas. We emphasized that the continuous growth of terraces and orchards was an important LUCC trend in the region. This growth was primarily attributed to the conversion of grasslands, croplands, and forests. This transformation not only reduced soil erosion but also enhanced economic efficiency. The products and insights provided in this study help us better understand the complexities of ecological recovery and land management.

Green Behaviour Engagement Towards the Achievement of Sustainable Health: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Background The short-term actions generated by the proposed SDGs by the United Nations promote sustainability and raise the probability of finding the best global crisis solution. This research builds on previous studies that demonstrate the interconnectedness and reciprocal support of Goals 3 and 12 in their pursuit of societal transformation by altering production and consumption patterns. Focus of the Article This study set out to fill a knowledge need by examining the current state of the literature on the topic of how SDGs interact with one another. The paper primarily addressed SDGs 3 and 12. Research Question (a) How could green behaviour promote sustainable health, and what is the present status of research in this field across nations, research communities, academic journals, and professional organizations? (b) How, with research topic as the key domain, can we make progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 12 through the social marketing?. Importance to the Social Marketing Field The purpose of this paper is to provide a plan for bringing about societal transformation by means of sustained, short-term efforts in the realms of production and consumption, undertaken with the backing of the nation’s stakeholders. Doing so makes long-term success in altering health-related behaviours (prevention, protection, and persistence in the face of health hazards) more likely. Despite their best efforts to enhance the well-being of societies through social transformation, the authors believe that social marketers may be steering communities in an unsustainable direction. Method Thus, a systematic review and bibliometric analysis were conducted to ascertain the breadth of the research underlying the title by analyzing 135 Scopus publications from 74 journals from 2011–2022 and graphically presented and tabulated the trends, important authors, nations, research papers, and keyword co-occurrences. Biblioshiny, a Bibliometrix R-tool used for the purpose of scientific mapping. In addition, the alignment of study of keywords by taking social marketing discipline into account was justified through systematic review. Results Research on the interplay between SDGs and other factors is required, as 27% of the data remains unexplained. Short-term sustainable behaviours that may enhance health outcomes are combined in this study to better inform policymakers and marketers about consumers’ long-term commitment to sustainable green consumption. Recommendations for Research According to the study’s results, government agencies should create social marketing initiatives to influence the public’s behaviour and promote the health and well-being benefits associated with sustainable production and consumption. Additionally, they should provide incentives to businesses to expand their range of sustainable commodities. Businesses have a shared responsibility to develop, communicate and supply customers with the advantages of sustainable offerings, and enhance the demand for these products through a green marketing approach while reducing their prices. The ecosystem as a whole will reap the benefits of everyone’s efforts, as well as the health and happiness that comes with it. Limitations From 2011 through 2022, the Scopus database’s articles and review papers were used in the study. Additional knowledge in this area might be gained from a comparison of databases like Web of Science, Dimensions, Google Scholar, etc. The study had no geographic focus. Therefore, future research should assess this field’s national and regional potential.

Peran Hukum Kesehatan dalam Melindungi Peserta Program Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011

The role of health law is crucial in ensuring the protection of participants in the National Health Insurance (BPJS Kesehatan) program, as regulated by Law No. 24 of 2011. This law provides a legal basis for the implementation of the national health insurance program, which aims to promote the welfare of society by providing equitable access to quality healthcare services. Health law functions to protect the rights of BPJS participants by ensuring that they receive healthcare services that meet established standards without discrimination.Furthermore, this law mandates the state to provide comprehensive and inclusive health insurance. Through the role of BPJS Kesehatan, health law also regulates the supervision and enforcement of accountability from healthcare providers, both in terms of service quality and financial management. Healthcare institutions collaborating with BPJS are required to comply with professional standards and medical ethics, as well as being responsible for patient safety.In the event of violations, health law provides a mechanism for participants to file complaints and seek justice through legal channels. The application of administrative and criminal sanctions for violators is also part of the legal protection efforts for participants. Therefore, the role of health law not only ensures access to services but also guarantees that the rights of BPJS participants are fulfilled in receiving fair and quality healthcare services.

The nature of ‘the best constitutional regime’ and virtuous friendship in Aristotle

Aristotle discusses the ‘best constitutional regime’ in Books 7 and 8 of his work, Politics. The central concepts in this discussion are happiness and virtue. The combination of happiness and virtue finds its expression in virtuous friendship. The best constitutional regime assists individuals and society in reaching their highest potential, both individually and collectively. It provides the necessary institutional structure for the justice and welfare of society, which in turn fosters the development of virtuous friendships. According to Aristotle, the highest and most genuine relationship among people is ‘virtuous friendship’. Such friendships enable individuals to understand and support each other based on ethical values and to seek happiness together. This study argues that there is an identity between the nature of the best constitutional regime and virtuous friendship. This claim is based on the idea that the best constitutional regime is the perfect end (telos). In this sense, the perfect end is virtuous friendship.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Tax Avoidance with the Moderating Role of Corporate Governance

Objective: This study explores the impact of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance with the moderating role of corporate governance in Iraq. Research Method: The researcher selected a sample of companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, numbering (33). Data was taken from 2012 to 2022, and the data was analyzed using the Eviews 9 program. Findings: Iraqi companies suffer from slight levels of tax avoidance by adopting social responsibility practices and disclosing corporate governance. Companies' commitment to corporate social responsibility would add value to the company. Commitment to corporate social responsibility leads to reducing tax avoidance. Conclusion: We note from the study that there is a weakness in applying social responsibility accounting. Corporate governance and the application of its principles impact paying taxes and preventing avoidance and evasion of paying them. CSR and taxation have the same goal of improving the well-being of society The results of this study indicate that the higher the level of CSR activities, the higher the company's responsibility for its tax obligations. Corporate social responsibility is the taking of responsibility by a company for its actions as well as encouraging the creation of a positive impact through its activities on the environment, customers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all members of the public who can be considered stakeholders.

Enhancing Global Sustainable Higher Education Through Sustainability Window Approach

The sustainability window approach began as a model that could explain the way to sustainable economic development. This theory places emphasis on ecological, economic and social linkages for making comprehensive analysis and policy towards United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. It identifies four theoretically sustainable paths; two associated with economic growth and the others requiring growth conditional or strict adherence to environmental and social criteria. Many studies confirm that higher education institutions have not been able to completely embrace the concept of sustainability window approach. The paper asserts that these are the most effective ways through which global higher education establishments can achieve sustainability: well-being of society, environmental protection, low consumption, and limited social usage. Finally, it concludes by calling on high education institutions to incorporate sustainability window and integrate it with triple bottom line and responsible management education approaches. The paper argues that in order to determine whether such a change might be suitable in different settings, it is recommended that we test this revised framework using empirical evidence

ECOLOGICALLY-ORIENTED TEACHING OF ENGLISH TO STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALITIES

The relevance of the study in this paper is due to the problems of ecology in the modern world and the formation of ecological culture among the younger generation within the framework of the educational process to introduce them the ecological values in their future professional activities to preserve and restore the ecosystem of the planet. The purpose of the study is to form a model for the didactic foundations of ecologically-oriented teaching of English to students of pedagogical specialities. The leading method for the study of this issue is the a survey using the M. Rokich test for diagnosing personal value orientations, which makes it possible to determine social values, psychological aspirations by identifying the existing self-tasks of the person under survey, features of his or her self-determination and self-regulation of behaviour within the framework of ecological culture. The study presents didactic foundations of ecologically-oriented teaching of English to students of pedagogical specialities with formation of value orientations including value-motivational, cognitive-informational and modeling of creative ecological-cognitive professional activity on the basis of which the level of ecological culture of students can be created. The formed didactic foundations model of ecologically-oriented teaching of English to students of pedagogical specialties enables to create ecological culture with value standards of careful attitude to the environment and all levels of nature, which will allow them to introduce it in the educational process in their future professional activity to educate students about high ecological culture and creative behavior concerning natural objects and the whole ecosystem of life in general, which has practical significance for the education system and well-being of society.