Future Society Research Articles

Projecting the Future Ageing Population in Post-2045: The Today’s Millenials Perspectives

Indonesian elderly population in 2045 is projected to be 275% compared to 2015, in which elderly population are embedded with vulnerability and dependence as natural traits. Meanwhile, most of the elderly post-2045, millennials as the primary candidate, are predictedto have better capabilities than the nowadays elderly. Most literature, including lesson learnedfrom countries that experience ageing population, mainly discusses ageing from past or present phenomena. There are still missing links in considering the younger generation as the primary candidates for the ageing population in the future. Thus, how does millennials’ competitivenessas the primary candidate generation of the ageing population post-2045, and how far is the feasibility of social security for the elderly population, particularly regarding system and reliability. This research uses explanatory sequential mixed methods, in which quantitative attains initial results and then qualitative stage builds on these results. This study follows the framework of sociology of the future and sociology of generation. The challenge in 2045 is not about the demographic shift, but it presents the complexityof a new society in future. Considering the competitiveness of millennials, Indonesia may experience the second phase of the demographic bonus since the elderly post-2045 can contribute economically. Meanwhile, most current social assistance for the elderly is unreliableregarding the targeting and distribution system. Besides, the rapid growth of an ageing population is disproportionate to the slow growth of beneficiary coverage and pension contribution schemes. Some practical ways can be introduced and implemented in the short term, particularly regarding some issues: retirement age, dependency ratio framework, job field for elderly, the digital productivity, non-state welfare provision, and pension funds for informalworkers.

Towards 6G: Key technological directions

Sixth-generation mobile networks (6G) are expected to reach extreme communication capabilities to realize emerging applications demanded by the future society. This paper focuses on six technological directions towards 6G, namely, intent-based networking, THz communication, artificial intelligence, distributed ledger technology/blockchain, smart devices and gadget-free communication, and quantum communication. These technologies will enable 6G to be more capable of catering to the demands of future network services and applications. Each of these technologies is discussed highlighting recent developments, applicability in 6G, and deployment challenges. It is envisaged that this work will facilitate 6G related research and developments, especially along the six technological directions discussed in the paper.

Improving the Impact on Human Capital Development through Child Grant in Nepal

The Government of Nepal has made significant achievements in expanding social protection during the last two and half decades. Child grant is one of the entitlements provisioned by the government to enhance nutritional status and overall wellbeing of children which is universal in 25 districts of Nepal. This paper aims to explore how child grant can contribute to human capital development and its rationalization in scaling up throughout the nation. Furthermore, the paper suggests the possible fiscal spaces to leverage resources to expand universal child grant. Investments in early childhood development and nutrition can help break inter-generational cycles of poverty and promote equitable development by providing children with the resources they need to reach their full potential. This, in turn, can lead to increased economic productivity and social well-being. Also, the paper urge to increase the investment in children through universal child grant to serve the aging society in future.

Transience as a design challenge: Italian radical narratives about the role of design processes in/for the incorporeal transformations of cities (1969-1974)

The capacity of design culture to interpret changes and mediate different fields of research and action by integrating material, immaterial values and experiences, is becoming increasingly relevant, considering the deep transformations generated by the contemporary crisis, wars and migrations. The concept of transience therefore appears to be the only condition and dimension we can design, influence, shape, test, experiment and consume, but also use to narrate the not-linear relationship between design ‒ as a culture of doing, producing, mediating, building relations, anticipating – and the transformations in cities and societies.
 This paper therefore intends to propose a transverse and inclusive interpretation of transience mediated by design, examining narratives of design-centred approaches in Italy, considering performative and temporary expressions as designed artefacts, with an influence on the development of urban spaces, and where spontaneous initiatives have been expression of latent processes of creativity and culture. The period under examination primarily covers the decades of 1960s and 1970s, a period in which the search for overlapping between disciplinary boundaries, the aggression of the overall vision of the project ‒ which proposes a circularity between scales ‒ and the climate of protest with movements and activism, brought with them the need for change. Moreover, the relationship between design, crisis and sustainability was a transversal theme that led design cultures to weave collaboration with different forms of knowledge and to explore transverse processes and methods.
 The design discourse around sustainability continues to be fueled by new instances of triple transition pervading the European landscape, in a process of continuous refinement of methods and practices that introduces new tools, with an eye to digital and new technologies, cross-fertilised by a variety of disciplines, because the forces conditioning change in contemporary and future societies are many and sometimes unexpected.

A novel hierarchical power allocation strategy considering severe wind power fluctuations for wind-storage integrated systems

The development of renewable energy dominated power system and the integration of large-scale wind-storage energy system are inevitable trends of the future society. This paper developed a new methodology of hierarchical power allocation strategy considering wind power fluctuation. A novel idea is presented that fully considers the fluctuation and energy proportion. Based on the Quartile Method (QM) and Hampel-Savitzky Golay (HSG) strategy, a layered-based method that considers the volatility interval to effectively overcome the limitations of a single strategy caused by severe volatility interval is proposed. Then, an improved power division method based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is proposed where CEEMDAN is used to decompose the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) of the remaining fluctuations. Furthermore, according to the required setting of energy proportion, DMD strategy is used for power fitting of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Through experimental verification, the hierarchical strategy proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the probability of severe volatility interval or distortion interval and ensure the sequence in the ideal interval. Moreover, the proposed CEEMDAN-DMD strategy can realize the power division according to the energy proportion demand. In model verification, the volatility improvement ζλ1min = 85.4766%. Set the energy demand ≥ 80%, the fitting energy proportion accounts for 87.7533%, which outperforms the traditional power division method. In addition, it is demonstrated that the theoretical method proposed in this paper is reliable and promising.

Social sustainability for whom? Developing an analytical approach through a tripartite collaboration

PurposeSocial sustainability is a concept frequently referred to in public debates concerning how to construct the governance of future societies. The interpretations of its meaning, however, are ambiguous, and practices often dubious. Confronting top-down technocratic governance structures, this paper aims to argue for for tripartite collaborations between residents, higher education institutions (HEIs) and local government, as an approach toward social sustainability that involves residents’ interests in local governance.Design/methodology/approachThis study argues that a specific time-spatial method of analysis can benefit the co-creation of knowledge as it passes through the spectrum of resident–HEI–local government. It provides a way for resident perceptions to become structured knowledge that originates from the residents, effectively engendering a bottom-up governance structure.FindingsThis study shows how to include residents in policymaking and implementation processes as co-creators of knowledge, and thereby displays the possibility of examining knowledge and competence within municipal projects for social sustainability.Originality/valueThe model developed in this study can be used as a methodological instrument to analyze and expand resident participation in local social sustainability work. It thereby provides a toolbox for inclusive policymaking and strategies.

Influence of education and the media on the awareness of climate change (Influencia de la educación y la comunicación en la concienciación sobre el cambio climático)

ABSTRACTEducation and the media are two factors that affect a person’s level of awareness of the climate. This study was conducted around these two axes with surveys of 565 secondary, baccalaureate, vocational and university students with the goal of ascertaining whether there is a different degree of awareness according to educational level and to what extent education and the media have contributed to the different sensibilities of these students, who are the future of society. To do so, stratified sampling and principal components, cluster and linear correlation analyses were conducted. The main results include that the group of students with the highest level of awareness and activity regarding climate change are university women, while the media have a heavier influence on youths than education, which should therefore reinforce its role through strategies like environmental educommunication.

How does research and development (R&D) strategy shift by adopting imaginary future generations? – Insights from future design practice in a water engineering company

Conducting deliberation experiments involving the employees of a water engineering company, this study examined the effects that the adoption of “imaginary future generations (IFGs),” an innovative approach to overcome intergenerational conflict by generating futurability, had on the design of a vision for business strategy in 2050 and a policy for a research and development (R&D) strategy. Analysis was conducted using text mining of speech data recordings of participants’ discussions. Data from questionnaire surveys administrated to all participants were also analyzed to examine possible changes in their perceptions about criteria for designing R&D strategies. The results of the text mining revealed that by adopting IFGs, the speculative state of future society and business development as of 2050 and R&D strategies were changed from when envisioning from the perspective of current generations. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that items of criteria for designing R&D strategies, such as “client needs,” “differentiation from industry competitors,” “cost,” and “business models,” which had been emphasized when examined from the current generations’ perspective as important indicators, decreased in importance by adopting IFGs. We conclude that the adoption of IFGs could shift R&D strategy and induce new directions of technological innovations from the viewpoint of futurability.

Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus: A key concept for a more resilient adaptation to the climate crisis

The Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus is a pretty novel cross-thinking concept, meaning that answers to current environmental hazards must follow a multisectoral approach rather than a traditional unidirectional vision[1]. Since water supply, energy flows, and food security—and its connection with the surrounding ecosystems—are intimately linked together, every impact in one of such areas will have undoubtedly impacts on the others. The most important signifi-cance of the WEFE Nexus approach is that further exploitation of clean water supplies, agricultural soils, and energy resources should not de-stabilize nor weaken the provision of these ecoservices to the current and future societies. ...

Research on Issues and Countermeasures of Innovation Education among College Students

In today’s world, innovation is increasingly becoming a key factor in national economic and scientific and technological competition, and plays an important role in measuring a country’s comprehensive national power. Youth is the future of the country and the hope of the nation, and college students are one of the most energetic and creative groups of youth. With the continuous development and change of the society, it is more and more important to cultivate the innovative thinking and practical ability of college students for the development of the country and the progress of the society. Universities are the cradle for young people to grow up and become successful, and they are committed to cultivating innovative talents, shaping the innovative spirit of college students and improving their entrepreneurial ability. College students are the backbone of the future development of the country by cultivating students’ creativity, critical thinking and problem-solving ability, they can become the innovative leaders of the future society. However, in reality, there are still some problems that need to be solved in college students’ innovation spirit, such as the interaction of multiple factors such as the education system, neglect of colleges and universities, and the lack of attention of individuals, etc. We can improve the cultivation mode, establish a long-term mechanism, create an innovative atmosphere, and pay attention to self-cultivation in order to cultivate modernized talents with the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurial ability for the construction of an innovative country.

Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Models of Power Grids Driven by Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey

To face the impact of climate change in all dimensions of our society in the near future, the European Union (EU) has established an ambitious target. Until 2050, the share of renewable power shall increase up to 75% of all power injected into nowadays’ power grids. While being clean and having become significantly cheaper, renewable energy sources (RES) still present an important disadvantage compared to conventional sources. They show strong fluctuations, which introduce significant uncertainties when predicting the global power outcome and confound the causes and mechanisms underlying the phenomena in the grid, such as blackouts, extreme events, and amplitude death. To properly understand the nature of these fluctuations and model them is one of the key challenges in future energy research worldwide. This review collects some of the most important and recent approaches to model and assess the behavior of power grids driven by renewable energy sources. The goal of this survey is to draw a map to facilitate the different stakeholders and power grid researchers to navigate through some of the most recent advances in this field. We present some of the main research questions underlying power grid functioning and monitoring, as well as the main modeling approaches. These models can be classified as AI- or mathematically inspired models and include dynamical systems, Bayesian inference, stochastic differential equations, machine learning methods, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and reservoir computing. The content is aimed at the broad audience potentially interested in this topic, including academic researchers, engineers, public policy, and decision-makers. Additionally, we also provide an overview of the main repositories and open sources of power grid data and related data sets, including wind speed measurements and other geophysical data.

A Study on the System Design of Eco-Friendly Smart Farm Using the Internet of Things and Renewable Energy

The environment changes rapidly due to climate change. This situation has a great influence on the agricultural sector. In particular, prices of agricultural products rise as space for producing agricultural products around the world decreases. To solve this problem, smart farm is recognized as major technologies in the future society. In particular, in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IOT) and artificial intelligence will be installed in smart farm. In addition, with the development of the Internet of Things (IOT) technology, temperature, humidity, and concentration of fluids in plant factories can be monitored and controlled with smart-phone through various sensors. This IoT technology is recognized as a very important technology for smart farm. In addition, a sustainable smart farm model by converging with eco-friendly IT technology is also important. Therefore, in this paper, a study was conducted on the system design of eco-friendly smart farm using the Internet of Thing. Such smart farm technology can remotely manage plants through the Internet of Things. The research methods of this study are as follows. First, a literature study was conducted in this paper. Based on this literature study, the researcher conducted a field survey on smart farm. The researcher visited this space in person and conducted in-depth interviews with operators and researchers. The researcher analyzed the results derived through this survey and suggested the design principle for the eco-friendly smart farm system. In addition, this study proposes a method for using the Internet of Things and renewable energy for smart farms in preparation for the era of climate change. The results of this study can be theoretical basic data for changes in the agricultural field in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Science Fiction and Film: An Analytical Study of Two Select Indian Movies

Science fiction is a genre of art that caters to the popular taste of the people. It presents a world mixed with science and fictional elements. It can be taken as a microcosm of fictional literature. It uses to present unfamiliar and unknown things in a familiar and known way. It provides its diverse themes and issues not only in texts but also in films. When science fiction is adapted into movies, it is able to attract a large number of audiences specially the young generation of writers. Science fictional films cover the issues like future society, challenges created by scientific developments, human enhancement through science and technology, human-machine clash, hybrid identity, world of aliens, and Artificial Intelligences. There are many films in western countries covering the issue of science fiction. Production houses designed the films in such a way that it can make an appeal to the audience. Even in India, there are several science fiction films. From 1952 to the present, Indian cinema contributes a lot by producing one after another attracting films on the theme of science fiction. The present paper is going to analyze two films Koi...Mill Gaya and its sequel Krish 3 from the perspectives of science fiction. The paper will also try to present the history of science fiction films in India and in the West. It attempts to depict the science fictional elements and new techniques shown in the films. These films are the representations of future society which accepts the inhabitation of different beings like modified human, superhuman and aliens.

The Quest for an Open Digital Thread: Challenges and Practices

AbstractAs INCOSE also envisions in their recently published vision paper on the future of systems engineering (https://www.incose.org/about-systems-engineering/se-vision-2035), the future society will experience a level of interconnectedness, interrelatedness and networkedness which was not seen before. The technical reality of the realization of this vision largely depends on how we interpret and implement the notion of openness. In particular, the OpenMBEE initiative represents an industrially backed research and development endeavor towards open systems engineering ecosystems of the future. In the OpenMBEE concept and tool portfolio, the open‐source aspect of openness is emphasized. In this paper, we aim at providing a complex analysis of the organizational, conceptual and technical landscape of open digital engineering ecosystems along the notion of the digital thread, where different, often commercially driven engineering domains, tools and stakeholder perspectives fuse into a single, interconnected digital engineering experience. What could be the role of commercial players in, and attitude towards open digital thread ecosystems? Where do emerging initiatives and standards like SysMLv2 take the systems engineering community from this perspective? The paper provides an in‐depth analysis of openness in digital engineering, as seen from a technological, organizational and techno‐social perspective.

Privacy-Preserving AGV Collision-Resistance at the Edge Using Location-Based Encryption

Edge computing fundamentally changes the architecture in which applications are deployed and how resources are managed, especially in the 5G/6G era. Automated guided vehicles (AGV) are critical means of transportation in future society. We aim at investigating a privacy-preserving AGV collision-resistance paradigm leveraging edge computing. We define a model containing all potential collision occasions and propose a method to handle collisions using “virtual” traffic lights generated by edge servers. The proposed paradigm is AGV-centered, for AGVs ought not to care about where the nearby edge servers are in a broadcasting environment. In case of privacy leakage, we incorporate ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) to protect AGV information. Besides, the use of CP-ABE leads to a location-based encryption (LBE) scheme, where AGV encrypts its running state information leveraging its current position rather than an edge server's public key. That is achievable due to the support of integer comparison in the CP-ABE access policy. To our knowledge, we are the first to implement an LBE scheme based on CP-ABE. Part of the paradigm has been deployed in a wharf yard in Shanghai. Throughout the paper, we take a yard as an example and conduct concrete experiments to highlight the feasibility and efficiency.

EXPLORING SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE MUSIC EDUCATION AT PRIMARY LEVEL IN ROMANIA

The Romanian national curriculum for primary education includes a number of school subjects that are taught by specialized teachers, e.g. foreign languages, physical education, religious education. Nevertheless, Music and movement represents a compulsory subject that requires advanced musical abilities and knowledge, yet the primary class teachers, who teach it, benefit from only short term initial training which we consider insufficient. The paper presents the results of a research into the opinions of the staff who teach. Music and movement in primary school as well as of those of experts regarding the improvement of this subject teaching. The study included two components: a qualitative analysis based on semistructured interviews with experts in sciences of education from pre-university and academic level (19 interviewees); and a quantitative analysis by means of an enquiry-based questionnaire among primary teachers from all over Romania (1.151 respondents). Data were collected between May 28th and June 26th 2021. The results show mainly positive views among the intereviewed sciences of education experts about the need to carry out training programs in music education for the primary school teachers. Also, 90% of the teaching staff who answered the questionnaire state that music education during pre-service teacher training should take at least two terms; more than 85% of the respondents state that, besides the school practicum that is ordinarily carried out, pre-service teachersshould also attend specialized practicum in the form of participation at concerts and art events in order to enrich their cultural experience. The present study aims to draw attention to possible solutions for pre-service teacher training so that music in primary school should have a stronger effect on young students’ education, on the future generation and on the future society overall. In this context, “neuroeducation” can offer evidence-based answers on cognitive transfer and attention activation, memory pathways and multisensory training (Curtis & Fallin, 2014). This vision gives music educators and teachers a new approach to music in the classroom, which is based on methods and means to stimulate the activity of both hemispheres of the brain; this could be achieved only through a high-standard musical training of future teachers.

Degrowth and Socialism

Increasingly, scholarship around degrowth and socialism are coalescing around certain shared ideas, namely, that capitalism is at the root of our planetary crisis. Güney Işıkara and Özgür Narin draw out key points of convergence among these thinkers, as well as discrepancies in the two approaches to creating a future egalitarian and sustainable society.

High Sensitivity Multiple Microcavity Enhanced 3-D Printed Micro-Stud Array Ultrafast Response Detector at 6G Frequency

The next generation of communication 6G technology in the terahertz band is crucial for the development of the future high-speed information society. How to achieve a highly sensitive response to low power density terahertz signals at room temperature has been one of the frontier research hot issues within this field. In addition, the reproducible line height of the device and its availability for mass production are also urgent issues to be addressed. Here, We have proposed a 6G detector based on combining the advantages of sub-wavelength micro-structures, 3D micro-cavity, and Weyl-semimetallic films. The localized surface plasmon (LSP) effect by the micro-stud array is used for the enhancement of the light-matter interaction. Also, the 3D structure leads to a micro-cavity allowing for a near enhancement of the interaction on a small scale. Furthermore, the 0-band gap of the Weyl-semimetal and the enhanced response to low-energy photon displacement currents near makes the Weyl-semimetal more suitable for detecting terahertz waves. In addition, the use of projection micro stereolithography 3D print technology combined with magnetron sputtering of thin films makes this terahertz detection technology solution reproducible, low cost, simple processing, and promising for industrial production, contributing to the development and diffusion of 6G technology.

Planning Degrowth: The Necessity, History, and Challenges

Kent Klitgaard surveys degrowth thought, starting with the essential contradiction of capitalism presented by Marx, which gives rise to our current planetary crisis. Through an understanding this contradiction and degrowth literature spanning twentieth century, the author presents a plan for a sustainable and planned future socialist society.

산학연협력 선도대학 육성사업 수행사례 연구

It is necessary to support diversified industry-academia collaboration activities including joint industry-academia technology development, customized technical guidance for difficulties and education for employers of industry, etc. by utilizing capabilities and resources that universities have in order to undergo transition to learner-oriented education that can fulfill the demands of future society. This study is on industry-academia collaboration type cases executed with corporations with the university playing the lead role through LINC project. This study aimed to create and proliferate a leading model by analyzing the operational cases of a design department at a college in capital region. In addition, the effects of this project was reviewed by analyzing its effects on establishment of foundation for industry-academia collaboration and cultivation of competent persons, and sharing and collaboration performances, etc. thereof through improvement of the university system into industry-academia collaboration system. As the result of the study, technology development performances in specialized areas including the effects of cultivation of competent persons by the university and effect of strengthening of industry-academia collaboration of companies, etc. increased continuously, thereby making contribution towards local development.