Society Archives Research Articles

ALLOTMENT GARDENS: RESEARCH CHALLENGES AND SURPRISING DISCOVERIES

This paper documents how archives were used to write a history of the twentieth century urban allotment movement in England. Beginning with a case study of allotments in Ilford (now London Borough of Redbridge), it describes how 100 years of council minutes were used as a foundation to study a previously unresearched subject. Local Ilford Allotment Society archives were then examined, so that a more balanced perspective could be presented. In order to broaden the scope of this history, research then branched out to include legislation relating to allotments, and allotment holdings in the London Metropolitan and the Quaker archive, amongst others. The demographics of the plot holders in Ilford/Redbridge was profiled and showed that contrary to the established narrative, plot holders were not necessarily drawn from the poor and working classes but instead were reflective of the communities in which they lived. This paper further discusses the physical condition of archives in the possession of allotment societies and reflects on the difficulty of the conservation and security of those collections. It also questions the ethics of separating allotment society archives from their owners in order to safeguard them.

News, Programs, Publications, and Awards

News, Programs, Publications, and Awards

News, Programs, Publications, and Awards

News, Programs, Publications, and Awards

Crafting a Global Field: Six Decades of the Comparative and International Education Society edited by Erwin H. Epstein. Hong Kong: Springer, 2016. 316 pp. $89.00. ISBN 978-3-319-33185-0.

<i>Crafting a Global Field: Six Decades of the Comparative and International Education Society</i> edited by Erwin H. Epstein. Hong Kong: Springer, 2016. 316 pp. $89.00. ISBN 978-3-319-33185-0.

The small politics of everyday life: local history society archives and the production of public histories

Thousands of small, private archives sit in attics, cupboard, church halls and computer hard drives around the country; they are the archives of local history societies. Simultaneously freed from the control of archives sector and government initiatives, and yet saturated with local peculiarities and biases, local history society archives can seem to be the very antithesis of the wider archives movement, apparently private and parochial, undemocratic and uncatalogued. Consequently, local history society archives are rarely included in ‘the politics of the archive’ discussions. But if the activity of archiving is to be understood as a political act, what are the politics and meanings of local history and their archives? In this article, I suggest that certain types of local history society archive collections can help us paint a picture of the everyday lives of working-class people in Britain in the twentieth century. They detail the small politics of people’s lives – family, work, leisure, and beliefs. They give ordinary people a name, a face, and a life lived. Moreover, the workings of local history society archives raise important questions about historical production, for these groups play a significant role in rescuing and preserving archival collections, and in creating and curating their own histories.

Report: Melville Society—Bezanson Archive Fellowship 2016

Report:Melville Society—Bezanson Archive Fellowship 2016 Meredith Farmer Click for larger view View full resolution Fig. 1. Entrance to the New Bedford Whaling Museum. The Melville Society Archive is housed within its Research Library. Photo courtesy of Meredith Farmer. In July 2016, I had the opportunity to read through the papers of the Melville Society Archive, which are housed in a brand-new space at the New Bedford Whaling Museum's Research Library in Massachusetts. I proposed to read material for my first book project, Melville's Ontology, along with a collection that I am co-editing with Jonathan Schroeder, Rethinking Ahab: Melville and the [End Page 96] Materialist Turn. One claim at the heart of our collection is that, in the early 1950s, Melville criticism abruptly shifted away from work that engaged with the material world. Instead scholars emphasized a Cold War frame for Moby-Dick, focusing intensely on the leadership (or lack thereof) of monomaniacal Captain Ahab. When I arrived, I was especially interested in learning more about Tyrus Hillway, the founder and first Secretary of the Melville Society, who never converted his 1944 dissertation into a book on Melville and science. I wanted to know why. And the archives told a story that I had not anticipated: in 1950 Tyrus Hillway stopped work on "Melville and Nineteenth-Century Science" to write a play called Captain Ahab. This transformation bolstered the claim that I wanted to make and provided the perfect anecdote for our collection's introduction. And yet this detail only scratched the surface of what I discovered when I got lost in the Melville Society Archive. The richness of the files in "Melville Society Archive, Box 1 of 5" took me down a different path (see Fig. 2). Click for larger view View full resolution Fig. 2. Melville Society Archive Box 1 of 5, which contains the earliest records of The Melville Society. Photo courtesy of Meredith Farmer. [End Page 97] Just before my trip to New Bedford, I learned that I was about to become the Associate Secretary for Programs and Conferences of the Melville Society. So with boxes of the Society's history in front of me—and an unexpectedly complex set of identifications with Tyrus Hillway—I found myself totally absorbed by the story of the Society. It unfolded through letters by a number of scholars whose work I had read but will never view in quite the same way. I was absolutely captivated. And I hope the best way to show the real strengths of these collections is to share a brief overview of what I was able to learn about our history in only ten days. In the spring of 1945, Tyrus Hillway sent out a set of invitations to join the new Melville Society for the modest fee of $1. Replies indicate that the group had two goals: to select editors for a centenary edition of collected works and to build a Melville Room that could hold important relevant collections. Potential members were invited to join. And letters poured in. Every response in the Society's archives was an acceptance, including a number of notes from people who indicated that they did not generally join groups. Most convey strong approval for Hillway's project: an ambitious undertaking for a scholar a year out of defending his dissertation at Yale. Many sent names of potential board members or of junior scholars who might receive invitations. A handful sent offprints of essays that could be included in the new Melville Room's library. And a few wondered whether membership should be open to anyone with "an interest in Melville," resisting the idea of an organization that would only represent scholars: a stance that still shapes the Society today. In May of 1945, a group of scholars from Princeton, Columbia, and New York University—including Jack Birss, Henry Wells, and Willard Thorp—met with Hillway in New York to discuss rapidly developing plans. The group seems to have been based in New York City. Jay Leyda writes from the Northeast as often as anywhere else, and when Hillway was forced to move West to Colorado because of his son's health problems...

Distant and Present Voices from the Soviet Gulag

Anna Artem'eva and Elena Racheva, 58-ia: Neiz'iatoe. Istorii liudei, kotorye perezhili to, chego my bol'she vsego boimsia (Article 58: Uneliminated. Stories of People Who Survived That Which We All Fear Most). 336 pp. Moscow: AST, 2016. ISBN-13 978-5170926398. A. Kozlova, N. Mikhailov, I. Ostrovskaia, and S. Fadeeva, eds., Papinypis 'ma: Pis 'ma ottsov iz GULAGa k detiam (Papas Post: Fathers' Letters from the to Their Children). 240 pp. Moscow: Izdatel 'stvo AgeyTomesh/WAM, 2014. ISBN-13 978-5910020379. It seems inappropriate to use the words Gulag and beautiful together, but two new Russian-language volumes addressing aspects of history are indeed beautiful. Printed on heavy stock and lavishly illustrated, these two works pull in readers with their visuals and hold them with their emotional texts. Anna Artem'eva and Elena Racheva--a photographer and journalist, respectively, for Nov aid gazeta--have put together a collection of interviews and stunning contemporary portraits of person's whose lives were connected to the Gulag. Meanwhile, a team from the International Memorial Society's archive and museum has compiled a volume of letters from imprisoned fathers to their children. Examined together, these books not only remind us of the broad sweep of suffering and hardship experienced by Soviet citizens in the 1930s and beyond, but they also illuminate new angles on preserving the history and memory of the for a generation that has grown up after the excitement about historical revelations that characterized the perestroika period. These volumes break the history of repression into discrete family stories that for the most part are left to speak for themselves, shorn of the pathos common in perestroika-era presentations. (By contrast, consider the narrative voiceover in the documentary film Vlast' Solovetskaia, dir. Marina Goldovskaia, 1989.) In 58-ia: Neiz iatoe, Artem 'eva and Racheva profile more than 50 elderly person's, mostly former prisoners but also some retired prison- or labor-camp employees. A few of the interview subjects will be familiar to those who have studied literature or the history of dissent. (1) Some respondents, however, are telling their histories for the first time. Indeed, in their introduction, Racheva and Artem'eva describe sitting with a former prisoner in her apartment, which ironically has a view of her former barrack. Yet as the woman tells her story, her no longer young son looked at his mother with horror and love; all this he was hearing for the first time (3). That stories of imprisonment have remained taboo in some families is a powerful reminder that the burst of enthusiasm of the late 1980s for filling in blank spots in history did not extend to everyone and that fear of being stigmatized as an enemy of the people still lingers. Artem 'eva and Racheva sought out histories not only from Moscow and St. Petersburg but from Ukraine, Lithuania, Vladimir, and the northern Russian region of Komi. Asking their respondents to reflect on moments of ugliness and joy, the interviewers captured diverse recollections from their subjects' long lives. No doubt to the frustration of historians, Racheva and Artem'eva elide their own questions from the text, making it difficult to know which opinions are spontaneously volunteered and what information is extracted by dint of repeated queries. (2) The artful distillation of interviewees' direct speech into powerful short accounts, however, serves the authors' purpose of making the book compulsive reading for a broad Russian-speaking audience. (3) Given the sentiments of their probably liberal readers, the authors of 58-ia: Neiz'iatoe took the bold step of mixing together the stories of camp guards, prison workers, and former inmates. The reader turning the page to a new entry cannot immediately discern from the luminous color portrait of the elderly subject or the accompanying black and white photograph of a younger self whether this is a victim or a perpetrator. …

All Astir

All Astir Mary K. Bercaw Edwards This issue of Leviathan arrives in June, so it may be hard to remember back to the cold and snow of January. The six members of the Melville Society Cultural Project (MSCP) headed to New Bedford, Massachusetts, in January for the Whaling Museum's annual Moby-Dick Marathon. Winter Storm Helena headed to New Bedford at the same time—and dumped 15.5 inches of snow on the city. The blizzard was bad enough that the municipal authorities shut down the city's streets. It was a wild, cold, snowy marathon, which made all of us shudder at the thought that Melville headed offshore on a whaleship at the same time of year (January 3, 1841). We had to walk the streets in a blizzard, but we did not have to put out to sea in those conditions. Most nineteenth-century whaleships departed New England in the winter months, especially December and January, in order to reach the southern tip of South America when the winds were most favorable for rounding Cape Horn. The ships were headed towards warmer climes, but the first few days offshore must have been difficult. Imagine being required to climb aloft in a wintry snowstorm. Despite the snow, 250 people were in attendance for the Marathon. They came from as far away as the Netherlands, England, Ireland, Canada, and Florida. James Russell, President and CEO of the New Bedford Whaling Museum, wrote of the 2017 Marathon: What made this year exceptional? It was the whiteout that froze most of us in place. The intimidating tome [Moby-Dick] is a rite of passage at the best of times. This was the worst. What it became was an exercise in dogged determination, grit, and tenacity. The marathoners braved the storm, faced tremendous odds, and thus the event mirrored the book. The readers, like Ahab, pursued their goal with abandon. It was a testament to the attractive power of great literature, for great art transcends. This expressive act made people do extraordinary things. As in the lines of Hollywood's Jurassic Park, "life will find a way," so too will art. In particular, high anxiety preceded the abbreviated Moby-Dick reading in Portuguese. Unlike the 25-hour slog of the full edition, outlasting any storm nature could hurl at us, the reading in Portuguese was scheduled during the very worst of it. Yet readers forged ahead, prompting the Portuguese Consul to quote Oliver Wendell Homes: "We must sail sometimes with the wind and sometimes against it—but sail we must, not drift, not lie at anchor." The solidarity of readers, plowing through ponderous texts, united in common cause, was inspiring. [End Page 90] Not all Melvilleans may agree with Russell's characterization of the reading of Moby-Dick as a "slog"—for me, personally, it is an utter joy—but all will appreciate the extraordinariness of 250 people gathering together in the midst of a blizzard to read Melville's work. The annual lecture the night before the Marathon was entitled "Melville and Religion: Insights from the Melville Society." Michael P. Dyer, Senior Maritime Historian at the Whaling Museum, served as Moderator. Robert K. Wallace, Northern Kentucky University, spoke on "Melville, Douglass, and Black Churches"; Mary K. Bercaw Edwards, University of Connecticut, on "Queequeg, South Seas, and Missionaries"; Jennifer Baker, New York University, on "Melville and American Transcendentalism"; Christopher Sten, George Washington University, on "Melville and the Occult in Moby-Dick: Black Arts and Spiritualism"; Wyn Kelley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, on "Religions of the Whale"; and Timothy Marr, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, on "Moby-Dick as Wicked Book." The talks were well-illustrated, especially with images from the Elizabeth Schultz Collection and the Melville Society Archive. They were also complemented by the opening of "Oceanic Harvest: New Moby-Dick Art at the New Bedford Whaling Museum," curated by Wallace, which featured pieces by artists Robert Del Tredici and Kathleen Piercefield, both of whom were in attendance. See <https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/oceanic-harvest-new-moby-dick-art/>. Click for larger view View full resolution Timothy Marr speaking about chapter 95, "The Cassock," during his January 6...

The project for the study of dissidence and samizdat: an interview with Ann Komaromi

In fall 2015, Professor Ann Komaromi, one of Canada's leading scholars of Soviet unofficial culture and publishing, launched a new website titled Project for the Study of Dissidence and (http://samizdatcollections.library.utoronto.ca/). The project received support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and other funding agencies, involved extensive collaboration with colleagues and organizations in several countries, and is governed by a peer-review process including an international editorial board of recognized specialists. Because it is important to find ways to engage with the digital humanities within traditional forums for scholarly discourse, the following interview aims to present this project and to highlight its significance and value for both the scholarly and the broader communities of interest.Allan Reid (AR): Ann, in November of 2015 you launched the Project for the Study of Dissidence and (PSDS). It consists of various components, including some that have existed for several years. Your project is conceived on a grand scale, but in a way which clearly allows for a staged development and for usability by scholars and students at all stages along the way. Could you walk me through the key steps in the journey which took you from more traditional forms of scholarship, such as journal and book publishing, where you have a well-established record, into this form of disseminating knowledge and information, as well as its archival (database) function.Ann Komaromi (AK): Samizdat was a topic that lent itself to thinking about alternative forms of publishing and doing networked projects. The people at the Memorial Society in Moscow had already produced a catalogue of samizdat for their website as part of their own History of Dissidence project, but they drew on a limited set of data, including what had been published by Radio Liberty in its samizdat documents series. The Open Society Archive, which houses the Radio Liberty samizdat archives, was interested in doing something much bigger, and we initially talked about partnering. It became clear over time, however, that thoroughly cataloguing even a small set such as the Soviet periodicals was a huge task, and that expanding it immediately was not possible.It seemed to me that there was great merit in making the information accessible in electronic format to the scholarly community and getting feedback. This was begun with the Database of Soviet Samizdat Periodicals, which I launched back in 2011. The next stage was to try to make rare editions themselves more available, and to attempt to create an engaging interface for more general users through timelines and interviews with dissidents, as I did for PSDS in 2015. Fortunately, there was grant support for this kind of dissemination, from SSHRC and other organizations, and interest from the University of Toronto Libraries. However, I always knew that analytical articles in established peer-reviewed journals and monograph book publications had to be done as well - the one did not replace the other.AR: You have partnered and collaborated with several key institutions and individuals, some of which, as you point out, maintain their own electronic websites and databases. Could you tell me a bit more about how PSDS differs from some of these, for example, the sites maintained by Memorial in Russia (http://www.memo. ru), or Rights in Russia (http://www.rightsinrussia.info/home) (http://www.hro.org), or the International Samizdat Research Association (http://www.samizdatportal.org/)?AK: Rights in Russia is an important site for news and views pertaining to rights in the Russian Federation today. Memorial in Russia, particularly the History of Dissidence project there, as well as the International Samizdat [Research] Association (IS[R] A), housed at the Open Society Archive in Budapest, have an historical focus, and that was the basis of our work together. …

The Explosion in Grandma’s Attic, the Cabinet of Curiosities, and Chance Encounters at the GLBT History Museum

This article proposes that objects might be instrumental in museum exhibitions that promote critical thinking around issues of human rights and social inequity. Objects have the potential to present histories that have been marginalized for far too long and to get away from rehearsed narratives, while also engaging the visitor through emotional connection — making the visitor care about the histories that are being presented. In looking at the GLBT Historical Society Archives and History Museum in San Francisco, this article claims that new museums that grow out of community-based archives might provide the opportunity for the kinds of critical engagements with objects that national-scale museums that attempt to address social problems often do not have. Specifically addressing the GLBT History Museum’s inaugural exhibit, “Our Vast Queer Past,” this article argues that the organization of objects on display, greatly influenced by their archival roots, gives viewers the opportunity for chance encounters with histories that come to matter to them.

An experimental 'Life' for an experimental life: Richard Waller's biography of Robert Hooke (1705).

Richard Waller's 'Life of Dr Robert Hooke', prefixed to his edition of Hooke's Posthumous Works (1705), is an important source for the life of one of the most eminent members of the early Royal Society. It also has the distinction of being one of the earliest biographies of a man of science to be published in English. I argue that it is in fact the first biography to embrace the subject's natural-philosophical work as the centre of his life, and I investigate Waller's reasons for adopting this strategy and his struggle with the problem of how to represent an early experimental philosopher in print. I suggest that Waller eschews the 'Christian philosopher' tradition of contemporary biography - partly because of the unusually diverse and fragmentary nature of Hooke's intellectual output - and draws instead upon the structure of the Royal Society's archive as a means of organizing and understanding Hooke's life. The most quoted phrase from Waller's biography is that Hooke became 'to a crime close and reserved' in later life; this essay argues that Waller's biographical sketch was fashioned in order to undo the effects of that reserve. In modelling his approach very closely on the structure of the society's records he was principally concerned with making Hooke's work and biography accessible, intelligible and useful to the fellowship in a context familiar to them, a context which had provided the institutional framework for most of Hooke's adult life. I argue that Waller's 'Life' was also intended to make the largest claims for Hooke's intellectual standing that the author dared in the context of the enmity between Hooke and Isaac Newton once the latter became president of the Royal Society. However, I also adduce fresh manuscript evidence that Waller actually compiled, but did not publish, a defence of Hooke's claim to have discovered the inverse square law of gravity, allowing us to glimpse a much more assertive biography of Hooke than the published version.

&lt;em&gt;Research Notes&lt;/em&gt;: The Photographic Construction of Urban Renewal in Fargo, North Dakota

The Photographic Construction of Urban Renewal in Fargo, North Dakota Mike Christenson (bio) The federally subsidized urban renewal program had its roots in three major federal housing acts, those of 1937, 1949, and 1954. The Housing Act of 1937 defined a slum as “any area where dwellings predominate which, by reason of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement or design, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health, or morals.”1 Responding to a call in President Harry S. Truman’s 1949 State of the Union address, Congress passed the Housing Act of 1949, Title I of which authorized the use of federal funds for what it termed slum clearance.2 The 1949 act defined an approach to identifying and rebuilding “blighted or deteriorated” areas of cities that differed from previous efforts in two significant ways. Prior to 1949 slum clearance was a fundamentally local effort, accomplished largely or entirely without federal funding (with the exception of a small number of New Deal programs). In addition, early programs had generally failed to gain the participation of private developers. The Housing Act of 1949 explicitly enabled cities, with federal help, to purchase already-developed areas, clear the land of existing structures, and then resell it to private developers.3 The Housing Act of 1954 introduced the term “urban renewal” and gave new impetus to the federally subsidized effort by explicitly authorizing federal funds for the acquisition of property and the removal of buildings.4 My dual interests in urban renewal and archival research date back to the 1980s and my childhood in Winona, Minnesota. I recall an impressive collection of well-preserved nineteenth-century downtown buildings juxtaposed with two square blocks of 1970s-era apartment blocks, offices, and commercial buildings. These newer buildings represented Winona’s built legacy of the federally funded urban renewal program. Even as a child, I was keenly interested in the buildings I saw around me in my hometown, and with my mother’s encouragement and cooperation, I visited the local historical society archives on several occasions to learn about the buildings that were demolished to make way for the new. What I discovered was a collection of newspaper clippings, photographs, maps, and drawings that resonated with my own growing interests in architecture, drawing, and photography. Again with my mother’s support and encouragement, I began drawing and photographing the historic buildings of downtown Winona. Although these formative experiences with buildings and archival research clearly laid the groundwork for my education as an architect and my later career as a university professor of architecture, my interest in urban renewal lay dormant for many years. It was rekindled in 2013 when my university, North Dakota State, offered a research grant designed specifically to encourage and support research into the materials in the university archives. Remembering my time as a young man researching in the Winona County Historical Society archives, hunting for materials concerning Winona’s demolished buildings, I wondered whether the North Dakota State University archives contained any material on Fargo’s urban renewal projects. To my delight, online finding aids confirmed that the archives [End Page 116] housed extensive collections of urban renewal materials, many of which derived from the personal collections of Earl Stewart, a former professor in my own department who had passed away some years before I became aware of the collection.5 I wrote a successful proposal to the grant committee that centered on the construction of a digital model of downtown Fargo and digital mapping of archival materials. The Gunlogson Award also allowed me to hire a half-time graduate research assistant.6 The project related to my broad research interests concerning architectural and urban epistemology. In general, my research considers the ways in which knowledge about the built environment is produced, manipulated, structured, disseminated, consumed, and archived, in both historical and contemporary practices.7 For this project I proposed to study the archive’s collections of images, texts, maps, and models associated with Fargo’s urban renewal program from 1955 to 1974 and, specifically, to use digital technologies to organize, cross-reference, and analyze selected materials. As a topical subject within the field...

Wisconsin School for Girls Inmate Record Books: A Case Study of Redacted Digitization

Abstract The Wisconsin School for Girls collection housed in the Wisconsin Historical Society (WHS) archives contains a variety of documents from the institution's period of operation. Inmates who were admitted to the institution were predominately juvenile females at the time of the records' creation; because of this, the contents of the records are protected by Wisconsin state statutes, which mandate restricted access for patrons as well as limitations on the use of the information contained within the records. This article examines how the restrictions on the collection continue to protect the privacy of the inmates and their descendants, what procedures WHS has in place to ensure continued trust in their custodianship, why a repository like WHS would value a collection with access restrictions, and who the primary patron group of this collection might be. Finally, this article argues that redacted digital representations of a limited number of the institution's records (with an option for patrons to a...

Request for Foulkes Letters and Documents for Society Archives

Request for Foulkes Letters and Documents for Society Archives

Europejskie archiwa danych jakościowych

This article concerns the archiving of qualitative data in Europe. Its aim is to present selected models of archivization of this type of material in various European institutions, including the British ESCS (Economic and Social Data Service Qualidata) belonging to the UK Data Archive, the Austrian WISDOM (Wiener Institut für Sozialwissenschaftliche Dokumentation und Methodik), the Irish IQDA (Irish Qualitative Data Archive), the German ALLF (Archiv für Lebenslaufforschung), or the OSA (Open Society Archives) operating in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest. The examples mentioned give rise to reflections on the need, potential, and limitations of conducting a similar project in Poland. The author discusses the results of the ‘Interpretive Research into Life Styles: Digitalization, Archivization, and Methodological Revisitation’ pilot project and the Archive of Qualitative Data pilot project of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY EXPERIMENTA, MAGISTERIAL FORMULAE AND THE 'ANIMAL ALKAHEST': NEW DOCUMENTS FOUND IN ROYAL SOCIETY ARCHIVES.

In this paper we present three newly rediscovered documents from the Royal Society archives that, together with the four described in our previous publications, constitute a set on a cognate theme. The documents were written by, or addressed to, members of the early Royal Society, and their subject is several magisterial formulae, including J. B. van Helmont's alkahest and Ludus. In addition to the interest in those formulae as medicines for various grave illnesses, our analysis showed that some seventeenth-century scholars sought to explain operations of the animal body by invoking similar but natural substances, while attempting to assimilate the latest anatomical discoveries into a novel framework. The complete set of documents sheds some new light on the interests of seventeenth-century networks of scholars concerned with experimenta.

Request for Foulkes Letters and Documents for Society Archives

Request for Foulkes Letters and Documents for Society Archives

An Additional Note on the Rawlinson Papers

Since my article on the Rawlinson papers was written the Society's new archivist Nancy Charley has drawn my attention to some correspondence in the Society's archives which sheds further light on the acquisition of its Rawlinson papers. It consists of letters from Miss Elmira Wade, who in 1972 was employed as archivist both at Corsham Court, Wiltshire, the seat of the Methuen family, and at the RAS. Miss Wade had been a friend of Harry Rawlinson and his wife Meredith up to the time of the latter's death in 1951, and was named as executrix of her will.

Request for Foulkes Letters and Documents for Society Archives

Request for Foulkes Letters and Documents for Society Archives

History of ESA's Historical Records Committee

History of ESA's Historical Records Committee