Societal Limitations Research Articles

The Role of Gender in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun: Societal Influences on Character Development

Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun is a deep examination of the intersection of race, gender, and class in 1950s America. This paper examines how social gender norms, compounded by the economic and racial oppression of the period, influence the identities and relationships of the Younger family. Set in a period of rigid gender expectations, Hansberry challenges the limiting roles assigned to both men and women, especially within the African American community. The play depicts Mama as an emblem of parental fortitude and stability, while Ruth embodies the quiet resilience of working-class Black women who contend with the dual demands of economic survival and domestic obligations. Beneatha contests conventional femininity by dismissing the idea that a woman's value is dependent upon marriage, instead pursuing intellectual and personal independence. Walter Lee exemplifies the challenges of adhering to patriarchal standards of manhood against systematic racism, attempting to establish his role as the family's provider while confronting perpetual frustration and despair. Hansberry critiques racial and gender inequalities through these characters, offering a multifaceted depiction of societal limitations. Nevertheless, the play presents a picture of hope and transformation as each character strives with and, in some instances, overcomes the constraints dictated by their circumstances. This paper argues that A Raisin in the Sun is a timeless critique of the fluidity of gender roles and the fortitude of people who confront repressive societal standards.

Examining Realism and Societal Dynamics in Selected Novels of Shashi Deshpande

This research investigates the literary corpus of Shashi Deshpande, employing a qualitative and analytical approach. The primary focus lies on seven of her novels: "That Long Silence," "The Dark Holds No Terrors," "Roots and Shadows," "A Matter of Time," "The Binding Vine," "Little Remedies," and "Moving On." These works serve as the foundation for an examination of themes within contemporary Indian society, specifically with the aim of examining how her novels depict the interplay between literary realism, social dynamics, and the evolving nature of the family unit. The research is further enriched by consulting secondary sources, including scholarly articles and books, to provide a comprehensive context. Deshpande's portrayal extends beyond mere social critique. The study delves into how she addresses the challenges faced by women and children within the family structure, without advocating for its dismantling. By integrating Max Weber's perspectives on modernity within the Indian context, the research seeks to illuminate the internal struggles of her characters as they navigate the tensions between tradition and progress. The analysis reveals a critical exploration of persistent societal issues in India. Deshpande's characters serve as conduits to highlight often-overlooked societal problems, actively seeking solutions within a framework that acknowledges both cultural heritage and individual agency. Notably, a thematic shift is observed across Deshpande's works. Her earlier novels tend to focus on gender and the quest for personal autonomy, while her later tetralogy explores the transcendence of societal limitations by characters who strive to build strong and enduring familial foundations. By analyzing these trends, the study identifies common obstacles faced by urban middle-class families in India. Ultimately, it argues for the necessity of dismantling structures of injustice and oppression as a crucial step towards achieving a more just and equitable modern society. Furthermore, the research posits the creation of new social frameworks that dismantle traditional barriers and foster social cohesion as a potential path towards progress.

Empowering Narratives: Exploring the Impact of Kotak General Insurance's 'Drive Like a Lady' Campaign on Shifting Perceptions of Female Empowerment

Amid India's evolving societal landscape, this study delves into the profound influence of Kotak General Insurance's 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign on reshaping perceptions of female empowerment and aspirations. Central to the campaign is the portrayal of Surekha Yadav, India's first female loco pilot, whose journey embodies resilience and determination. By spotlighting Yadav's story and celebrating women who drive change, the campaign aims to instill empowerment and possibility among its audience. The literature review section provides a thorough examination of relevant literature surrounding gender stereotypes, biases, and the role of advocacy campaigns in driving social change. The methodology section outlines the research approach adopted to analyze the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign. This section discusses the theoretical underpinnings guiding the analysis and the conceptual framework employed. Drawing on theories such as the Hypodermic Theory and the Habermas Public Sphere Theory, it offers a conceptual framework for understanding the transformative potential of initiatives like the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign in challenging ingrained societal norms and fostering inclusivity. It emphasizes the use of qualitative analysis, and content analysis, to examine the campaign's effectiveness in reshaping cultural narratives surrounding female achievement and ambition. In the results section, the findings of the study are presented, highlighting the campaign's effectiveness in challenging biased stereotypes and inspiring young girls to pursue ambitious goals. Through content analysis and exploration of existing literature, the research uncovers how the campaign's storytelling strategies and celebration of female role models foster a more inclusive and aspirational societal narrative. Additionally, the study examines the campaign's resonance across diverse demographic groups, probing its ability to surpass cultural boundaries and resonate with individuals from varied socio-economic backgrounds. Finally, the conclusion synthesizes the key insights from the study, emphasizing the significant impact of the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign as a catalyst for reshaping cultural norms and empowering the next generation of women to dream big and defy societal limitations. It underscores the transformative power of advocacy campaigns in driving social change and recommends further research to explore the long-term implications of such initiatives on gender equality in India.

Demystifying the Metaverse: A Deep Dive into Characteristics, Enabling Technologies, Key Components, Surmounting Challenges, and Unveiling Boundless Applications

The metaverse, a concept evolving from science fiction to tangible digital reality, represents a complex, interconnected virtual space where individuals interact, collaborate, and create within immersive environments. This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the metaverse, dissecting its core components, and characteristics and unraveling its transformative potential. Beginning with a definition of the metaverse, we delve into the enabling technologies that drive its existence, including extended reality, blockchain, decentralized infrastructure, etc. Through the analysis of key components such as virtual environments, avatars, and interoperability standards, we illuminate the foundational elements that facilitate connectivity and interaction within this digital realm. Additionally, we address the surmounting challenges facing the metaverse, ranging from technical hurdles like scalability and interoperability to societal concerns surrounding privacy and digital inclusion. Finally, we unveil the boundless applications of the metaverse across industries such as gaming, entertainment, education, healthcare, and commerce, showcasing its potential to revolutionize human engagement and innovation in virtual spaces. This deep dive aims to demystify the metaverse, providing insights into its evolution, challenges, and limitless possibilities for the future. INDEX TERMS Metaverse, Interoperability, Scalability, Data Security, Societal Limitations, Privacy Concerns, Accessibility Barriers, Ethical Considerations, Avatar, Extended reality, Blockchain.

Enhancing Well-Being: Menstrual Sanitation Practices Amongst Rural Adolescent Girls in Tamil Nadu, India

Aim: A campaign to afford free sanitary pads to teen girls in countryside regions has been launched by the Tamil Nadu government in India. The menstrual well-being and sanitation follows of teens in a rural area of North Tamil Nadu, India are discussed in this paper, as well as their experiences utilising sanitary pads and discarded clothing. Subject and Methods: 134 adolescent girls from four villages participated in a community-based study that lasted four months and used a pre- and post-design to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The awareness of menstruation and its practises, value of life, experience with and serenity with different clothes/pads, and symptoms of reproductive tract infections were all shielded in the questionnaires. Results: At the baseline survey 90% of girls at the time were wearing worn-out clothing. Sixty-eight percent of teenage females who participated in the study stated pads remained their top optimal. None of them liked wearing worn-out clothing. The quality of life significantly increased after the insertion of pads (p 0.000). Self-reported signs of recurrent reproductive tract infections did not significantly decrease. Conclusion: This study revealed that unhygienic behaviours, such as societal limitations on food and home chores, were extensively prevalent and that most adolescent females lacked the proper understanding regarding menstruation. This research underscores the need for menstrual hygiene education and awareness.

Hardiness in Stroke: An in Depth Concept Analysis with Walker & Avant’s Framework

Background: Hardiness encourages people to create effective coping mechanisms when faced with difficulty. Hardiness evaluation techniques are still up for discussion, and understanding of Hardiness in stroke patients is still limited. Purpose: The purpose of this concept analysis was to deepen the understanding of hardiness in individuals who have had stroke. Methods: Concept analysis was conducted using the Walker and Avant method. The terms "stroke patient," "hardiness," and "concept analysis" were used to search the databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results: The defining traits of hardiness were split into internal psychological traits and external contextual support in stroke patients. Physical, mental, familial, and societal limitations brought on by the illness were the causes, and excellent adaptation—which included taking an active role in rehabilitation programs, thinking positively, setting goals, and adhering to optimism for the future—was the result. Conclusion: The essence of hardiness is complex and varied. Optimism and positivism, problem-solving abilities, adaptation, and family and societal support can all aid in readjusting or restoring the equilibrium between physically and emotional health when a stroke patient is experiencing problems. In order to develop effective interventional treatment methods, future research should concentrate on the critical factors influencing the hardiness of stroke patients

Machine Learning Prediction of Time Series Covid-19 Data in West Java, Indonesia

In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic appeared. There have been several efforts to curb the spread of this virus. West Java, Indonesia, employs social restrictions to prevent the spread of this disease. However, this method destroyed the economy of the people. If no instances were detected in the region, the World Health Organization (WHO) authorized the social restrictions to be relaxed. If the government lifts the social limitation, the decision must also consider the potential of future confirmed instances. By utilizing machine learning, it is possible to forecast future data. This work utilized the following algorithms: linear regression (LR), locally weighted learning (LWL), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function regression (RBF), and support vector machine (SVM). The study investigated daily new instances of COVID-19 in West Java, Indonesia, from March 2, 2020, to October 15, 2020. The RBF algorithm was the best in this investigation. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and relative absolute error (RAE) were 48.85, 89.73, 88.67, 62.99, and 60.88, respectively. The RBF prediction model may be proposed to the government of West Java for assessing data on COVID-19 instances, particularly in social restriction management. It is anticipated that West Java would have a minimum of 275 new cases every day for the following 30 days beginning on October 16, 2020. Consequently, the easing of societal limitations requires careful consideration.

COVID-19-Related Cases before the European Court of Human Rights: A Multiperspective Approach

This study overviews how the COVID-19 pandemic is framed in five cases before the European Court of Human Rights (the ECtHR). By reconstructing the heteroglossic system of genres at the ECtHR, the study contributes to the limited literature on the Court’s discursive practices and genres. The analysis looks into the framing of the COVID-19 pandemic as a human rights violation and identifies preferred interpretation schemata across the participation framework of the cases considered using critical discourse analysis and framing. The findings identify a scaffolding of dialogical frames, where most applicants advanced politicized frame systems built on the core denial of the existence or seriousness of COVID-19, framing the governments’ actions or omissions as civil and political human rights violations. The Governments built on the general healthcare crisis framing, and counterframed societal limitations as agency stemming from a “health and safety first” frame. The Court refuted most of the politicized framing choices and accepted most healthcare-related frames, operating under the “exceptional and unforeseen circumstances” frame.

Dora's mother: a housewife's psychosis.

I examine a speculative diagnosis made by Sigmund Freud regarding his patient's mother in his landmark 1905 paper describing a hysterical illness. Freud considered the impact of Dora's mother's mental state on her daughter, wondering whether the mother might suffer from a 'housewife's psychosis'. Here was an emphasis on the social structures of the times and differences between the parents in terms of sexual freedom and societal limitations placed on women. Freud's description drew attention to Dora's anxieties in relation to her parents, in particular the state of their sexual relationship and the apparently sanctioned entry of another couple, Frau and Herr K, into the parental relationship. In particular, the role of syphilis in the aetiology of sexual disturbances was considered, affecting men and their sexual partners, specifically their wives, who faced lifelong risks of morbidity, inadequate treatment and psychic disturbances at this time in 19th century Vienna.

Banned, Challenged, Questioned, or Lost? Information Access and the Path to an Information‐Resilient Society: ASIS&T Midwest Regional Chapter

AbstractHistorically, librarians and information professionals have professed and supported tenets of free thought and free access to all information. Guides, literature, conference sessions, and classroom exercises help guide LIS students and librarians through the provision of controversial materials. However, information professionals work within the political and practical boundaries of their institutions. They rely on imperfect and mediated technologies for access to information and communication. The reality is that such constraints, as well as external politics and broader societal and cultural challenges, can and do affect access to information. Librarians are thus limited in their impact by both internal and external factors.This panel joins the perspectives of LIS researchers and practitioners. The discussion will demonstrate disparate threads that exemplify current research on information access challenges, successes, and opportunities in a variety of contexts. Part of contributing to an information‐resilient society is being aware of the many ways that society censors or limits access to ideas and knowledge. The panel will discuss ways to create more equitable access to technology and digital information, provision of health and wellness information, the impact of user‐generated social media reading recommendations, persistent access to dissertation research information, and the hotly contested space of drag story‐times at libraries. The research projects illustrate a wellspring of opportunities for resistance against societal limitations on knowledge and illustrate ways to reinforce core values of the profession.

Target reliability for new road bridges in South Africa

Currently, there are no recommendations of target reliability for new-build road bridges tailored to developing countries. Target reliabilities in existing international literature reflect the economic and social circumstances associated with developed countries and may not be economically or societally acceptable for South Africa. This research determines target reliability for new-build road bridges specifically for a South African context. Economic cost optimisation and a societal risk approach are considered. Cost optimisation considers the cost of safety and consequences of failure. The life quality index methodology is used to consider limits on target reliability from a societal risk perspective. Additionally, the effect of structural redundancy on target reliability in bridges is investigated. Target reliabilities from cost optimisation are shown to be slightly higher than those from SANS 10160-1 and correspond with those from ISO 2394:2015. Recommendations of annual target reliability for new-build road bridges in South Africa are proposed - a typical value of β = 4.2 is recommended. Societal limits on target reliability correspond with target reliability from cost optimisation for bridges with minor consequences of failure and do not govern new-build bridges in South Africa. Target reliability reduces with increasing measures of bridge redundancy; a means by which to consider the effect of structural redundancy on target reliability is also proposed.

Shakespeare's Shadow: Reaching Beyond Psychological Limitations

Shakespeare's Shadow: Reaching Beyond Psychological Limitations The legacy of William Shakespeare is both awesome and imposing. It is a daunting task to be vulnerable and creative in writing when the success of figures like Shakespeare hangs over you like a cloud; shrouding you in the shadows of the literary world. The "anxiety of influence" is a literary-critical concept that was introduced by Harold Bloom, and it encapsulates the struggle to overcome the legacy of figures like Shakespeare, which is a battle that many writers and creatives endure. I will perform an original musical and lyrical composition as an accompaniment to my presentation on The Anxiety of Influence. I wrote a song that embodies the feeling of living in Shakespeare’s shadow as a way to draw emphasis to the need to overcome the anxiety of influence. My lyrics are designed to draw pity and a sense of helplessness in the face of an iconic legend and his literary footprint. I envision a world where writers are free from this anxiety and can create without psychological limitations, which will help people reach beyond in their everyday lives as they shirk the boundaries of self-imposed and societal limitations. The Anxiety of Influence interferes with a writer's ability to be bold and aspirational, which negatively impacts both creatives and consumers alike. In order to elevate our way of life and the way we think, we need people to dare to push boundaries and limitations. There cannot be groundbreaking new artists if our society's creatives are too intimidated to try, which is why I believe that understanding and overcoming the anxiety of influence is imperative to our ability to engage with and explore the world around us. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry. Oxford University Press, 1997.

Self-Reported Amnesia Following Concussion Predicts Greater Deficits in Quality of Life Domains Among Pediatric Athletes

Background:Concussion produces diverse symptoms, functional impairment, and societal limitations that may result in decreased quality of life (QoL). Various factors, including sex, prior concussion and mental health history have been associated with a reduction of QoL compared to baseline. However, the influence of various factors on post-concussion QoL has not been investigated in a prospective, multi-site investigation.Hypothesis/Purpose:To examine factors that may predict decreased post-concussion QoL and increased symptom severity.Methods:Pediatric patients (6-18 years) were enrolled as part of the Sport Concussion Outcomes in Pediatrics (SCOPE) study at 6 children’s medical centers and 9 secondary schools during the initial visit for a diagnosis of sport-related concussion. Patients completed a medical history, the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Profile-25 (PROMIS-PP). The PCSI is an age-specific, validated symptom survey on which patients rate their current concussion symptoms. Higher numbers indicate greater symptom severity. The PROMIS-PP includes six domains: physical functioning and mobility, anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, peer relationships, and pain interference. Lower scores indicate higher QoL for all domains, except peer relationships, where a higher score indicates better QoL. Eight predictor variables (Table 1) were assessed using negative binomial regression models constructed for each dependent variable.Results:The analysis included 141 patients (14.9±2.4 years, 40.4% female). Patients were enrolled 5.2±3.1 days post-concussion (range=1-14 days). The percentage (frequency) of patients with a positive self-reported medical history included prior concussion (38%, n=55), migraines (4% (n=5), ADD/ADHD (11%, n=55), LOC at time of injury (7%, n=10), and amnesia at time of injury (20%, n=29). Table 1 presents the pre-injury characteristics associated with each QoL domain and the total PCSI score. Self-reported amnesia was a significant predictor of lower QoL for the anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain interference domains. Migraines were associated with higher QoL scores in the anxiety domain. Younger age and longer time since injury were associated with higher symptom severity.Conclusion:Self-reported amnesia at the time of concussion was associated with a lower QoL related to anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain interference. Interestingly prior concussion and other pre-injury factors did not significantly impact post-injury QoL at the initial visit. Future studies should assess the influence of these factors on QoL at later post-injury time points using a concussion-specific outcomes instrument. Patients may be able to better reflect on the impact of the concussion on QoL over time during recovery.Table 1.Patient characteristics associated with each quality-of-life domain and total PCSI score. Due to the zero-inflated count variable nature of the PROMIS variables, negative binomial regression models were constructed for each domain. *Significant predictor of QoL domain.

IMPACT OF ONE YEAR COVID-19 ON HAND AND UPPER EXTREMITY INJURY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a worldwide pandemic. On March 31, 2020, Indonesia enacted a large-scale societal limitation. As a result, the number of patients seeking medical treatment for emergencies has decreased significantly. Home and fall accidents were the leading causes of a hand injuries, and this trend is anticipated to persist throughout the epidemic. Despite this, there is scarce information about the many forms and causes of hand and upper extremity injuries. This research aimed to see how COVID-19 affected hand and upper extremity injuries.Methods: The observational cross-sectional research was undertaken from March 2019 to February 2021. The Pre-COVID-19 phase was measured from March 2019 to February 2020, while the COVID-19 period was measured from March 2020 to February 2021. Patients who presented to Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital with hand and upper and lower extremity injury-related diagnoses from the emergency unit, outpatient, or inpatient were included in the study.Results: The overall number of patients in this study was 2644, with a mean total number of patients of 141.83 (SD 43.21) in the pre-COVID-19 era and 78.5 (SD 32.55) in the COVID-19 era, a significant reduction (p 0.001).Conclusion: There is a substantial drop in hand and upper extremity injury patients during the timespan of COVID-19 compared to the Pre-COVID-19. The findings might aid in the development of new ways for better understanding the service provisions needed in the case of injury during a pandemic.

From uro-oncologists' perspectives: golf as a means of improving wellbeing among prostate cancer survivors.

Prostate cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among men. Due to related societal limitations, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic increases physical inactivity, which decreases cancer survivors’ functional capacity. As a result, golf might be a good way for prostate cancer survivors who have been fully vaccinated against coronavirus disease to improve their musculoskeletal function, cardiorespiratory fitness, psychological function, and general quality of life. Aerobic activity’s ability to adjust hormone levels, prevent obesity, increase immunological function, and lower oxidative stress have all been identified as reasons for its benefit for prostate cancer survivors. Prostate cancer survivors must first complete a fitness evaluation supervised and recommended by a certified clinical exercise physiologist after consultations with a urologic oncologist before enrolling in a cancer-specific community golf program. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is currently the gold standard technique for the evaluation of cardiopulmonary fitness. Prostate cancer survivors should be placed in a group with regard to their fitness level if they pass this fitness test. Prostate cancer survivors can be grouped into four to five groups at a time. Golfing activities should include warm-up, driving range, and course activities (on-course golf play twice a week for a duration of 90 min per day or 180 min per week at moderate-intensity). From the uro-oncologists’ point of view, prostate cancer survivors can benefit from group-based community golf programs that can be recommended and designed for them through the collaboration of their physician and a certified exercise professional.

Persistent Women Poets of Iran: Their Growth Through Hardships

Poetry has always been the noteworthy face of Iran's cultural identity. Persian poets and their poems have reconstructed and revolutionized both the Eastern and Western literary world. Sadly, in a male-dominated Iranian society, female literary talents had been sidelined throughout centuries. Still, there were some iconic female poets who have blended their poetical talents with very powerful mental strength to cut off all the societal limitations, taboos and prohibitions and had left their marks on Persian literature's history forever. But to attain that, they had to come across a long way. As the title indicates, the subject of this article is about the growth of some of those persistent women poets of Iran, with an emphasis on the hardships they have faced and how they overcame through those phases. In short, this article analyses the problems of women poets in the context of the socio-political environment of Iran and discuss the efforts the women poets have to made to break those barriers. The Central Library of Dhaka University, Departmental Library of Persian Language and Literature, DU and original Persian manuscripts from the authors personal collections are used as the primary resources for this article as well as online helpful websites. Social Science Review, Vol. 38(1), June 2021 Page 93-108

Fonctions de l’anticipation et images de l’homme : apports de la philosophie analytique à la psychiatrie du futur

This study combines the conceptual analysis method and the psychopathological and psychiatric clinical method to elucidate the functions of anticipation. The meaning of the term anticipation has evolved over time according to philosophical currents. It is at the turning point of the 19th and 20th centuries that the emphasis will be placed on anticipation as a process of thought, an operation of the mind, generating an action of representation of concepts, theories or conduct, of future acts directed towards an object to be built. Anticipation is both an act of thought and a conduct; it is not a static process and the functions of anticipation are not analyzed on the basis of the same criteria according to whether the individual is evoked or referred to as the collective, whether we focus on the real or the virtual, whether we explore the world of life or the physical world. The author analyses here the peculiarities of anticipatory thinking in the psychopathological and psychiatric clinic as well as the impact of the entanglement between manifest and scientific images described by Wilfrid Sellars. The author recalls the contribution of Professor Sutter on the inability to anticipate in depressed patients, his own analyses of parental anticipation, the child's ability to anticipate and failures in mental disorders. It appears in these settings a primacy of the manifest image of man in relations to others and a primacy of the scientific image of man in the theoretical constructions that we operate with the objective of a creative anticipation. The manifest image of man then appears as one of the referents of thought that restrains or, on the contrary, energizes any anticipatory process insofar as elements of the scientific image also infiltrate it. In all fields, anticipation intersects various aspects, analysed with reference to the language used, common or specialized. The result is the creation of anticipatory systems representing all sectors of knowledge and the need to use the analytical method. To anticipate in the context of mental health is, at the same time, to rely on the manifest image of the man of our time and to project the scientific image of the man in a future time, of which we do not yet conceive the technical, ideological and societal limits. It is also to wonder what new objects of thought will be on a distant horizon.

Restoring Degraded Lands

Land degradation continues to be an enormous challenge to human societies, reducing food security, emitting greenhouse gases and aerosols, driving the loss of biodiversity, polluting water, and undermining a wide range of ecosystem services beyond food supply and water and climate regulation. Climate change will exacerbate several degradation processes. Investment in diverse restoration efforts, including sustainable agricultural and forest land management, as well as land set aside for conservation wherever possible, will generate co-benefits for climate change mitigation and adaptation and morebroadly for human and societal well-being and the economy. This review highlights the magnitude of the degradation problem and some of the key challenges for ecological restoration. There are biophysical as well as societal limits to restoration. Better integrating policies to jointly address poverty, land degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions and removals is fundamental to reducing many existing barriers and contributing to climate-resilient sustainable development.

Cyber Tribes

Abstract Tribal identity is an intrinsic part of the histories and cultures of the Gulf. Nonetheless, tribal communities rarely had access or the ability to control what was being said about them in media. The emergence of social media as a platform for sharing information and affirming social identities has transformed the way tribes interact, disseminate information and identify with others. This paper argues that Arab tribes, despite constantly being threatened by modernizing impulses that undercut nomadic ways of life, have enthusiastically embraced social media as an effective tool to revitalize tribal identities in the internet age. Historically, while maintaining nomadic lifestyles and oral literature, they were outside the circles of material literary production, which were usually based in urban areas and among settled populations. However, the internet and social media now allow tribes to overcome societal marginalization and material limitations to self-representation. In this manner, tribal communities no longer need the affirmation of the literate world; they can speak for themselves in a direct manner previously unavailable.

“WOKE” in Historically Black Colleges and Universities

This research paper aims to examine and critique the impact and contribution of HBCUs in advancing societal issues and education while fostering a heightened understanding of social justice for today’s HBCU students. The purpose of this research is to discuss, expose, and share the impact HBCUs have had on the “WOKE” movement and social justice in the United States of America. The discourse centers on the development of scholars and activities who have been nurtured by and at HBCUs. The primary sources and events have been summarizing, focusing on the cause and effect of the injustice minorities face from the modern Civil Rights Era to the present day. The information/data demonstrates core components that have shaped American HBCUs from their establishments/foundation. Those ideals still evoke the same emotion of individuals who effort toward higher education decades ago up to today’s HBCU student bodies that embrace societal images upon their school. It also demonstrates how HBCUs have shown their ways of waking to societal limits in multiple forms of action to be heard through their oppression. Some sources broadly state approaches to reinstating these essential values, while some indicate the efforts to prove the name of HBCUs compared to PWIs. Some sources even show how our institutions solidify our government. This paper expresses how HBCUs in our nation keep students aware of the delinquent acts around them from social injustice and racial inequality.