Social Programs Research Articles

The impact of digitalization and automation on working time, flexibility and stability

Digitalization and automation are radically changing the structure of the labor market, affecting the demand for various professions. Understanding these changes allows for the adaptation of educational programs and employment policies, ensuring the preparation of a skilled workforce for the future. Automation affects working conditions, including the length and flexibility of working hours, creating new opportunities for remote work and freelancing. Research helps better understanding of the ways in which these changes affect work-life balance and overall job satisfaction. Studying the impact of digitalization on labor productivity and employment stability is important for designing economic development strategies, ensuring the creation of stable and highly productive jobs. Research helps to identify which groups of people may be vulnerable or insufficiently protected from the negative effects of automation, contributing to the development of social programs and policies aimed at reducing inequality. Thus, in this article, authors have explored the advantages and disadvantages associated with the introduction of new technologies in labor relations. The authors have examined a number of scientific studies that show the attitudes of employees towards digitalization and its impact on their health. In addition, authors have proposed ways to overcome the negative effects of digitalization and automation in order to make the relevant measures more adaptive for employees. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of digitalization and automation on work flexibility and stability, as well as on working time, in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of innovative technologies and suggest ways to improve and reduce the negative effects of these measures.

Impact of Energy Crises on Income Inequality: An Application of Piketty’s Hypothesis to Pakistan

In Pakistan, the majority of people have access to energy supplies. However, people who are underprivileged, below the extreme poverty line, or part of the middle class often spend disproportionate portions of their income on energy supplies and services, to some extent because of higher upfront prices for energy supplies, expensive products, and expensive imported appliances. The nonavailability of low-cost energy supplies is mainly affecting underdeveloped regions that have mostly low-income households. We used the dynamic ordinary least squares method to look at the impact of the energy crisis on income inequality from 1997 to 2021. The results show that the energy crisis exacerbates income inequality as low-income groups end up spending more significant shares of their income on energy products, supplies, and services than higher-income groups. Fair and equal access to energy supplies and services is less likely to reduce income inequality if prices are not cost-efficient. Cautious deliberation regarding the structure of energy tariffs is inevitable; at the same time, safety nets and social security programs for the poorest groups need to be expanded. At this stage, the aim is to target energy prices that will achieve the objectives of reducing polarity and increasing real income.

Brain structures with stronger genetic associations are not less associated with family- and state-level economic contexts

We investigate whether neural, cognitive, and psychopathology phenotypes that are more strongly related to genetic differences are less strongly associated with family- and state-level economic contexts (N = 5374 individuals with 1KG-EUR-like genotypes with 870 twins, from the Adolescent Behavior and Cognitive Development study). We estimated the twin- and SNP-based heritability of each phenotype, as well as its association with an educational attainment polygenic index (EA PGI). We further examined associations with family socioeconomic status (SES) and tested whether SES-related differences were moderated by state cost of living and social safety net programs (Medicaid expansion and cash assistance). SES was broadly associated with cognition, psychopathology, brain volumes, and cortical surface areas, even after controlling for the EA PGI. Brain phenotypes that were more heritable or more strongly associated with the EA PGI were not, overall, less related to SES, nor were SES-related differences in these phenotypes less moderated by macroeconomic context and policy. Informing a long-running theoretical debate, and contra to widespread lay beliefs, results suggest that aspects of child brain development that are more strongly related to genetic differences are not, in general, less associated with socioeconomic contexts and policies.

Level of Population’s Satisfaction with Quality of Life Indicators in Krasnoyarsk

Background. The large city of Krasnoyarsk represents a unique urban environment where various indicators, such as ecology, infrastructure, healthcare, and education services, play an important role in shaping the level of residents’ satisfaction and impacting their quality of life. Purpose: To study the level of the population’s satisfaction with the quality of life indicators in Krasnoyarsk. Material and methods. A sociological survey was conducted using a questionnaire. The authors also applied the random sampling technique. The sample size was 687 respondents. Results. The study identified several key problems: low levels of satisfaction with environmental quality, quality of medical services, and accessibility of healthcare organizations; low income of the population; limited opportunities for recreation and entertainment. Overall, the study highlights the importance of further studying and improving quality of life indicators in Krasnoyarsk to increase residents' satisfaction and create a more comfortable urban environment. Conclusion. Based on the level of the population’s satisfaction, it is possible to consider public opinion in management decision-making and developing social programs for urban infrastructure planning.

MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS MELALUI KERAJINAN TANGAN MENJADI PRODUK DECOUPAGE BERSAMA MASYARAKAT DESA MEDALKRISNA

This community service activity takes the form of training in decoupage crafts from used materials which is carried out in accordance with the conditions of the community, especially housewives who are considered less productive in using their free time. Handicrafts in Medalkrisna Village are less effective, resulting in low community motivation, including in basic literacy activities. To overcome this training on crafts to become decoupage products was carried out for mothers to help increase the creativity of mothers who were also expected to be able to create products of superior quality and utilize used goods which were expected to increase household income. Crafts themselves are artistic activities that involve changing raw materials found in the local environment into valuable objects. The method for implementing this KKN activity is readiness stage, socialization program, submission of materials, carrying out creation training (decoupage craft), monitoring and evaluation activities. As long as it is thorough, precise and neat, it will look attractive and have high selling and aesthetic value. This can be seen from the community's enthusiasm for handicrafts during the program activities as well as the increase in community knowledge and skills in making decoupage crafts.

Health Education for Sustainable E-Waste Management

A combination of ever-increasing device usage and lightning-fast technological advancements has led to a critical problem: electronic waste. One technique to encourage people to dispose of their electronic waste in a more sustainable fashion is to raise their level of green literacy. Using a literature review approach, this study examines green literacy programs as they pertain to e-waste management. After that, it evaluates the programs' effectiveness and makes recommendations for further developments. This publication uses a thorough literature review technique as its research method. The scholarly sources used were journals, academic books, research reports, and policy documents. The selection of sources was based on their relevance, credibility, and contribution to understanding key themes related to green literacy, public health education, and behavior change in e-waste management practices. Additionally, the analysis focused on the intersection between educational interventions, awareness campaigns and global health initiatives, especially those targeting vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women. The findings demonstrate that while green literacy can raise public knowledge and comprehension of the significance of responsible e-waste management, there are still obstacles to its widespread adoption. By using social media, communities, and educational institutions, green literacy has the potential to raise awareness about the risks of e-waste and the significance of recycling. However, challenges such as public apathy and limited access to recycling facilities continue to impede the implementation of green literacy. The community, along with the governmental and private sectors, must work together to address these issues and encourage the sustainable disposal of electronic trash. Ongoing education and awareness efforts utilizing many communication platforms, including social media, the media, and educational programs in communities and schools, are necessary to improve e-waste management. In order to create easily accessible recycling facilities and launch programs that reach different societal levels, the government must collaborate with the commercial sector and non-governmental organizations.

Pengaruh Sosialisasi dan Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan UMKM di Rumah BUMN BRI Jakarta

This study aims to analyse the effect of socialisation and training on employee performance at Rumah BUMN Jakarta. This research is based on the increased knowledge, skills and networks of MSMEs through socialisation and training programmes, which are expected to improve the performance of MSMEs and their contribution to the local and national economy. This study uses a quantitative approach with an online survey technique. Data was collected from 258 respondents who were sampled from a population of 1,000 MSMEs assisted by Rumah BUMN Jakarta. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis to test the effect of independent variables (socialisation and training) on the dependent variable (MSME employee performance). The results showed that socialisation and training have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Simultaneously, both independent variables are significantly related to employee performance. This shows that socialisation and training programmes are effective programmes to improve the performance of MSME employees at Rumah BUMN Jakarta.

Study of Anxiety Among Older People in Kazakhstan and Factors Affecting This Indicator

<b>Aim:</b> The purpose of this research was to study of anxiety among older people in Kazakhstan and factors affecting this indicator.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 221 randomly selected elderly people from different regions of Kazakhstan. The survey covered questions of socio-demographic type and also used the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7).<br /> <b>Results:</b> The majority of participants showed low levels of anxiety on the test. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of older adults experienced mild and moderate anxiety, accounting for 33% and 23.1%, respectively. The analysis showed that age (OR = 0,852, 95% CI: 0,779-0,931, p < 0,001), gender (OR = 8,167, 95% CI: 3,232-20,642, p < 0,001), level of education (OR=9,928, CI 95%: 3,760 - 26,212, p < 0,001) and living conditions (OR=0,167, 95% CI: 0,060-0,467, p = 0,001) have a statistically significant impact on the anxiety level of this population group.<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b><b> </b>The results of the analysis confirm the importance of developing and implementing a set of measures aimed at improving the quality of life of older people, taking into account the individual characteristics and needs of each person. The following measures can be suggested to improve the quality of life of older persons: organize social activity and community involvement programs through clubs and activities; establish accessible health and social service centers where older persons can receive qualified care; use technology, such as mobile applications and smart devices, to facilitate daily life, including telemedicine and home-based services.

Active methodologies for learning about human rights through the Age-Friendly Cities project in the social work bachelor’s degree

ABSTRACT A teaching experience was conducted on linking academic content with activities of the Age-Friendly Cities project as applied to the city of Logroño (La Rioja, Spain). The aim was to improve students’ understanding of human rights and their application in social work practice. The article described the methodological process linked to two subjects in the third year of the Social Work degree course: Design and Evaluation of Social Programmes and Community Social Work. Cooperative learning techniques such as flipped classroom, jigsaw, discussions and community mapping were introduced. A semi-structured questionnaire was carried out to find out about the students’ perception of the project. The results showed the satisfaction of students were with the methodology used and the improvement of general and specific skills, as well as the need to reinforce the link between Human Rights and Social Work through local and community experiences that bring social problems closer to the classroom and thus promoted meaningful learning.

Pemodelan Text Mining untuk Analisis Sentimen Terhadap Program Makan Siang Gratis di Media Sosial X Menggunakan Algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM)

The free lunch program is an initiative that provides free lunches and milk in schools and Islamic boarding schools, as well as providing nutritional support for children under five and pregnant women. Even though efforts to overcome stunting with this program are considered too late, providing free milk to pregnant women is considered more relevant for dealing with the stunting problem. Based on experience from various countries, the free lunch program shows various positive impacts, including increasing children's nutritional intake, increasing school participation, developing student character, and supporting the family and national economy. Discussions about this program received various responses from netizens, including platform X users. Online platforms have an important role in reaching and disseminating information about various social programs. In this context, the support vector machine method can be used to classify netizen responses to the free lunch program into positive and negative categories. It is hoped that this analysis will provide a deeper understanding of how this program is received by the general public, as well as provide suggestions for policy makers in designing social programs in the future.

Inclusive Higher Education in Kyrgyzstan for People with Physical and Intellectual Disabilities

Considering the importance of education as a socio-cultural human right, the issue of implementation of inclusive higher education for persons with disabilities is relevant, determined by a set of legal, socio-pedagogical, technical, and financial problems. The study aims to investigate specific organizational and pedagogical factors facilitating the implementation of an inclusive higher education model in the Kyrgyz Republic. The study employed methods that included questionnaires of the subjects of the educational process and statistical analysis of the data obtained in the course of the questionnaire. Including the understanding of inclusion, the role of educational institutions, and effective methodologies for implementing inclusive practices in the educational process, key theoretical aspects were identified as a result of the analysis of modern theoretical concepts and methodological approaches to inclusive higher education. Furthermore, challenges such as the lack of adaptive infrastructure required for students with disabilities, as well as the insufficient preparation of teaching staff to work with the diverse needs of students, were highlighted. The study also covered the social and legal aspects of inclusive higher education in Kyrgyzstan. The legislative framework regulating the rights of students with disabilities was analyzed, and public support and awareness of inclusion in education were assessed. Based on the findings, specific recommendations and strategies were developed to improve inclusive higher education in Kyrgyzstan. These recommendations cover various areas, including educational programs, the training of educators, the creation of accessible infrastructure, and the development of social support programs. The practical relevance of this work lies in the possibility of implementing the recommendations and strategies proposed in this work to improve inclusive higher education in Kyrgyzstan, which contributes to a more accessible and equitable educational environment for all students.

The efficacy of the Peace Ambassador Project: Promoting children’s emotional intelligence to address aggression in the early childhood classroom

This study explored the effect of a social emotional learning programme- the ECE-Peace Ambassador Project (ECE-PAP) − on children’s (i) emotional intelligence, (ii) prosocial behaviour, (iii) aggressive behaviour with peers, (iv) and peer exclusion. Employing a quasi-experimental design, ECE-PAP was implemented in 16 schools in Hong Kong. In each school, teachers in one K3 class (4- to 5-year-olds) implemented the programme and a second K3 class served as a control (N=302). Multiple reporters (children, parents, and teachers) provided assessments of children’s emotional competence, social behaviour, aggressive behaviour, and responses to peer aggression the week before the programme, the week after, and three months later. Preliminary analyses showed that at pretest, children in the experimental condition showed lower emotional intelligence and less competent responses to peer aggression than controls. However, these differences disappeared by posttest and remained non-significant at follow-up. Children in the experimental condition showed increases from pre- to posttest in emotional intelligence, emotion labelling, and taking action to stop bullying, and decreases in avoidance and aggressive responses. Implementing the programme over a greater number of weeks was associated with more positive child outcomes. These results suggest that ECE-PAP may be an effective, cost-effective way to address aggressive behaviour in kindergarten classrooms by promoting children’s emotional intelligence and social skills.

Sosialisasi Kepemimpinan Bagi Pengurus OSIS SMP : Membangun Pemimpin Masa Depan Yang Berkarakter dan Inovatif

The Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) at the junior high school level plays a crucial role in developing students' leadership skills. However, a lack of understanding of leadership concepts and minimal practical training are major obstacles to developing this potential. This research aims to enhance the leadership competencies of OSIS board members at SMP Negeri 1 Sumberrejo through a leadership socialization and training program. The implementation method used involves socialization and interactive discussions with all OSIS board members as participants. The results of the activities show that the socialization successfully increased participants' understanding of leadership concepts, ethics, responsibilities, and basic leadership skills such as effective communication, decision-making, and teamwork. The interactive Q&A sessions and distribution of door prizes also played a role in increasing participants' engagement and motivation. It is hoped that this activity will foster the development of strong, innovative leaders who are ready to face future challenges.

PENGARUH KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK, SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN, DAN PROGRAM PEMUTIHAN PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR

The regional revenue heavily relies on vehicle taxes, playing a crucial role as one of the main pillars in generating significant income to support local development. Therefore, optimizing state revenue becomes crucial to achieve the government's expected targets. This research aims to examine the effects of taxpayer awareness, tax socialization efforts, and tax amnesty programs on the compliance level of vehicle taxpayers. The population focused on in this study consists of vehicle taxpayers registered at the SAMSAT office in Bogor City. Data collection utilized the simple random sampling method and Slovin's formula to obtain a sample size of 400 respondents. The type of data used is primary data analyzed through the use of a questionnaire with the assistance of SPSS software version 26, and the results were analyzed using a multiple linear regression analysis approach. The findings of this research prove that taxpayer awareness, tax socialization, and tax amnesty programs have a positive impact at a significance level of 5% (X1= 0.266, X2= 0.306, and X3= 0.318).

Bridging Gender Differences : Exploring the Effect of Social Support and Campus Culture on Self-Regulated Learning in Higher Education

This study aims to examine self-regulated learning based on gender using two factors, namely social support and campus culture, and analyze the moderation effects presented by these two factors. This study was a quantitative approach with an expost facto method. The population was all students in the Social Sciences Education Study Program of the Parepare State Islamic Institute for the 2019-2023 batch of 116 students. There were 34 men and 82 women. The research sample took a saturated sample, namely the entire population. The data collection techniques were questionnaires, documentation, and interviews. Testing the research hypothesis was carried out using SmartPLS. The study found that social support significantly increased SRL, with a stronger effect on male students than female students. A positive campus culture also increases SRL, but its effect is weaker on female students. Campus culture moderates the effect of social support on SRL, amplifying its effectiveness, especially in male students. Social support also moderated the effect of campus culture on SRL, strengthening the motivation and confidence of male students, although the impact was slightly weaker on female students but still relevant. These results suggest that social support and campus culture enhance SRL, particularly among male students. It is crucial to design interventions that consider gender differences to achieve the best possible results.

ИСПРАВЛЕНИЕ И РЕСОЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ: К ВОПРОСУ О КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЙ ЯСНОСТИ

The article analyzes the problems of correction and re-socialization of convicts and former convicts. According to the author, many issues of correction and re-socialization remain open, there is a lack of conceptual clarity in understanding these processes. The conclusion is proposed for discussion that in the process of re-socialization of convicts and former convicts, two stages can be distinguished – social readaptation and internalization. It is proved that social readaptation as an adaptation of convicts and persons who have served their sentences to new or restored norms and values, social roles can be expressed in obtaining general or additional education, vocational training, advanced training, involvement in paid work, development of mutual assistance among convicts, restoration and (or) development of ties with relatives, friends, colleagues, etc. It is noted that at the second independent stage of re-socialization, the acquired experience, values are reinteriorized with the help of other people, social institutions: they are assimilated, incorporated into the inner world of individuals, turning into a kind of reflex. The article substantiates the position that the process of re-socialization should be implemented through individual social rehabilitation programs and act in accordance with international acts as a way to achieve the main goal – the reintegration of convicts into society. It is concluded that the focus of penal enforcement policy should not be on absolute theories with ideas of retribution, which represent «the criminal as a rational agent weighing the costs and benefits of crime,» but on correctional concepts that see the criminal as a person amenable to correction and in need of support and treatment.

Picturing “our colonial problem”

Focusing on documentary photographer Jack Delano (1914–1997) and his time in Puerto Rico in 1946, this essay examines the development of photographic humanism at the start of the Cold War, when New Deal-era social programmes like the Farm Security Administration (FSA) make way for, and are transformed by, a growing consciousness of the United States as a colonial power. In Puerto Rico, this was a time of political and cultural self-reckoning, when the ruling political party attempted to curb pro-independence sentiment by, among other things, establishing social, cultural, and labour programmes that inspired a sense of autochthony in the population, despite the island’s status as a colony. Looking at photographic works, letters, and notes from Delano’s 1940s archive, I examine the photographer’s increasingly uneasy relationship with his medium as he entered the arena of Puerto Rican life and politics at this time. Through these readings, my discussion opens out to a broader consideration of mid-twentieth-century encounters of humanism, humanitarianism, and neocolonialism in the American hemisphere.

The Role of Nursing in Crises and Disasters

The current study aims what is the meaning of disasters, what is the relationship between national disasters and high rates of disease and mortality? what is the relationship between nursing care during emergencies and disasters? Is there a specialized department concerned with disasters and crises in Saudi Arabia? Are there courses and training plans dealing with disasters and crises in the workplaces? A questionnaire was prepared via Google Drive and distributed to the population aged 25-55 years, men and women in city of mecca. As for the questionnaire, it was distributed via the social networking program (WhatsApp) for the purpose of distancing for fear of the presence of the Corona virus. 380 questionnaires were distributed, 365 responses were obtained via email to the principal researcher. This study concluded that nursing provides many nursing services to the injured during emergencies, crises, and natural disasters, checking for fractures or dislocations in the body or limbs, and if the bones are visible, they must be covered with a clean, sterile bandage, and not move the injured person if the fracture is in the spine. Apply clean, sterile bandages to other wounds. The patient should also be closely monitored and given any possible nursing care with any type of belt and chemical, manual, or mechanical restraints according to the doctor’s orders and instructions, according to the opinions of 94.4% of participants.

Importance of Time Management for Nursing Specialization

The current study aims the impact of time management on nursing time management on health services, and its impact on time management among patients and workers in health facilities.? A questionnaire was prepared via Google Drive and distributed to the population aged 25-55 years, men and women in city of mecca. As for the questionnaire, it was distributed via the social networking program (WhatsApp) for the purpose of distancing for fear of the presence of the Corona virus. 390 questionnaires were distributed, 385 responses were obtained via email to the principal researcher. find that most of the participants agreed that the nurse’s time management is important for the rest of the day on time for all patients by 100%, and that time management is important in reducing fatigue and ensuring the quality of patient care by 100%, and that planning saves the nurse a lot and thus he can focus a lot of 100% tasks.

The Role of Nursing is to Alert Patients to take Treatment in a Timely Manner

This study aims The aim of the study is the effect of taking treatment by patients in a timely manner, the effect of taking treatment in a timely manner in preventing the side effects of the disease, the role of taking treatment in preventing other diseases for the patient, A questionnaire was prepared via Google Drive and distributed to the population aged 25-55 years, men and women, in the city of Mecca. As for the questionnaire, it was distributed via the social networking program (WhatsApp) for the purpose of distancing for fear of the presence of the Corona virus. 410 questionnaires were distributed, and 390 responses were obtained via email to the principal researcher.