Social Perspective Research Articles

Can the digital transformation of pharmaceutical enterprises' finance improve healthcare equity?

Using big data, cloud computing, and blockchain technologies, enterprise finance is gradually transitioning towards digital transformation. Academia has already researched the motivations, efficiency improvements, and ethical impacts of the digital transformation of enterprises' finances. However, there is little research from the social equity perspective to explore the impact of enterprise financial digitization transformation on regional social welfare. As important entities for improving residents' health conditions, pharmaceutical enterprises have not fully studied whether their financial digitization transformation can improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare services and enhance regional healthcare equity. Therefore, this study focuses on listed Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises from 2018 to 2022, empirically examining the impact of pharmaceutical enterprises' digital transformation on regional healthcare equity. Using A Hospital in China as a case study, the process of its financial digitization transformation is deeply analyzed. The results show that the financial digitization transformation of pharmaceutical enterprises has a significant positive impact on regional healthcare equity, and it can be further enhanced by improving financial flexibility and increasing data assets. These findings contribute to accurately assessing the social responsibilities of pharmaceutical enterprises and provide new perspectives and evidence for improving regional social welfare levels.

Gender Differences in Leadership Structure Schema and Leader Emergence: A Socialization Perspective

Gender Differences in Leadership Structure Schema and Leader Emergence: A Socialization Perspective

BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Developmental psychology is the field of study that seeks to understand how people grow, change, and develop throughout their lives. This discipline helps to explore the processes of change across the lifespan by examining the development of individuals from physical, cognitive, emotional, and social perspectives. In this article, we will cover the field of developmental psychology and discuss lifelong changes and growth in detail.

Ethical Reflections on Preimplantation Genetic Diagnoses

With fertility rates at an all-time low, children have become even more the 'treasures' of their families. Progress in genetic selection technology has made preimplantation genetic diagnosis an increasingly common practice in clinics. However, the practice of purposively selecting genes for future children remains controversial. In this article, the process of preimplantation genetic diagnosis is introduced and related philosophical and social perspectives are reviewed. Finally, the ethics related to this practice are discussed in the contexts of obligation theory, utility theory, and four ethical principles. The authors hope this article sheds light on the diverse perspectives used to consider and discuss the ethical issues surrounding gene selection and, importantly, helps nurses provide care grounded in ethics and humanity in ethically uncertain circumstances.

A systematic review of the economic burden of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the Western Hemisphere. It is the third most common cancer in men after prostate and lung cancers and the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer. According to some studies, the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing rapidly. In the present study, a systematic review of the articles related to the economic burden of colorectal cancer was carried out. The articles were taken from the following databases: SID, Medline/Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), Econlit, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, the PICOTS model was used to select the inclusion criteria. The quality of the articles' methodologies was evaluated using Drummond's checklist. Then, some data were extracted from relevant articles, in terms of year, place of research, sample size, costing approach, type of measured costs, average direct medical costs, average direct nonmedical costs, and average indirect costs. The data from 37 studies dealing with the costs of patients with colorectal cancer were extracted. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States, and the social perspective was the most common perspective to measure the costs. According to the majority of the studies, direct medical costs were considered the greatest driver in causing the economic burden of colorectal cancer. The costs of hospitalization, medicine, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy accounted for the largest share of direct medical costs, and the costs of transportation, accommodation, and home care were the greatest share of direct nonmedical costs. Furthermore, the costs associated with disability, absenteeism, and premature death were identified as the main drivers of indirect costs. The findings of this study showed that colorectal cancer imposes great direct and indirect costs on families, the health system, and society. The best way to deal with this disease and, hence, to reduce its economic burden is to take comprehensive preventive measures and modify the lifestyle. In addition, health policymakers can limit the costs of this disease by expanding the screening program.

Using the generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots of Perplexity and ChatGPT as a teaching and learning tool for practice teachers and students within social work placement

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines or computer systems. As large language generated pretrained transformers, when given a prompt the chatbot system rewards the user with a ‘human-like’ response from their massive dataset of information. Their velocity, scope and capabilities become immense. This article is an illustrative analysis focusing on the rise of AI and its applications within industry, health and in particular, social work placement. The suggestion is to encourage practice teachers and students within supervision to use the chatbots ChatGPT or Perplexity in order to enhance critical thinking. To further consider the areas such as language, power, intuition, confidentiality, ethics, values and beliefs in this brave new world. Limitations of chatbot use within supervision is explored and a balanced conclusion recognising the worth of social work as a profession but not denying the speed of artificial intelligence development is recognised. From a social work placement perspective this article considers how working from a new evidence base, the application of critically analysing digitally produced knowledge, can be a relevant teaching tool within placement supervision.

ESD goals and soft skills competencies through constructivist approaches to teaching: an integrative review

Recent studies claimed that the absence of a paradigm is a challenge to developing education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies. This integrative study examines stimulating these transferable and transversal competencies through constructivist approaches to teaching from the cognitive, social, radical, and critical perspectives. The study argues that the use of constructivist approaches to teaching can contribute to the achievement of education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies through the delegation of power from teachers/lecturers to students. This, in active and interactive classrooms, empowers students and builds their confidence to develop on the personal, academic, and professional levels. The use of the cognitive constructivist approach assists in developing competencies based on a clear understanding of the cognitive structures of students in a vibrant classroom environment. The use of the social constructivist approach assists in constructing individualized learning environment based on predetermined zones of proximal development in sociocultural contexts. The radical and critical constructivist approaches to teaching, through the rejection of conventional epistemologies, allow students the freedom to creatively address issues related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. This becomes effective through the fostering of self and social awareness, challenging existing ideas, and provoking innovative thoughts that are necessary to shape a sustainable future.

Interpersonal Helping and Team Performance: Power, Dependence, and Social Exchange Perspective

Interpersonal Helping and Team Performance: Power, Dependence, and Social Exchange Perspective

Is Leader Humor a Life Buoy in the Workplace Waves? A Social Information Processing Perspective

Is Leader Humor a Life Buoy in the Workplace Waves? A Social Information Processing Perspective

Overqualified Leaders and Team Performance: A Social Exchange Perspective

Overqualified Leaders and Team Performance: A Social Exchange Perspective

Empowering Leadership and Proactive Behavior: A Social Information Processing Perspective

Empowering Leadership and Proactive Behavior: A Social Information Processing Perspective

Multi-criteria analysis of low impact development practices: a case study in the Tan Hoa - Lo Gom basin, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam

Abstract Urban flooding poses a significant challenge for cities globally. In recent years, Low Impact Development (LID) has been recognized as an effective and sustainable solution for managing urban floods. This study employs the EPA-Storm Water Management Model (EPA-SWMM), social surveys, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA) to assess the effectiveness of LID practices from environmental, social, and economic sustainability perspectives. Results demonstrated that implementing LID techniques such as rain gardens, infiltration trenches, permeable pavements, and their combinations in the Tan Hoa - Lo Gom basin can reduce the average total runoff volume by 8.77% to 30.80% under the current land use-land cover and the design hyetograph with a 3-hour duration and a 5-year return period. Moreover, there is a reduction of approximately 7.42% to 30.59% in the average total runoff volume for the design hyetograph with a 3-hour duration and a 5-year return period, aiming to assess the climate change impact. Additionally, sociological and economic aspects are integrated to comprehensively assess each LID practice through MCA via the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Overall, the analysis results indicated that the scenarios involving the application of rain gardens, infiltration trenches, and their combinations are more effective than other scenarios. These findings will provide valuable insights for decision-making and planning of other LID projects in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to mitigate urban flooding, particularly in light of the escalating challenges posed by urbanization and climate change.

Leader-Member Exchange Differentiation (LMXD) Development: A Social Network Perspective

Leader-Member Exchange Differentiation (LMXD) Development: A Social Network Perspective

To teach is to learn twice, revisited: a qualitative study of how residents learn through teaching in clinical environments

BackgroundTeaching helps the teacher’s own learning as a professional—as the saying goes, ‘to teach is to learn twice’. Near-peer teaching in clinical practice has been shown to contribute to the development of both teaching skills and necessary competencies for doctors. Research on how near-peer teachers learn through their teaching roles has mainly focused on classroom learning. However, understanding how the phenomenon of ‘teaching is learning twice’ occurs in clinical settings and its influencing factors is important for the development of a quality workplace learning environment. Therefore, this study investigated how residents learn through teaching in clinical practice and the factors influencing this process.MethodsThis study’s methodology is based on the constructivist grounded theory from a social constructivist perspective. Several teaching hospitals in Japan were included, and the study participants were post-graduate year 2 residents (PGY2s) from these hospitals. The interviews were recorded, transcribed into text, and analysed by the first author.ResultsFrom January 2016 to July 2022, 13 interviews were conducted with 11 PGY2s from nine educational hospitals. The PGY2s played diverse educational roles in clinical settings and learned competencies as physicians in almost all areas through such roles. We found that knowledge transfer and serving as role models stimulated PGY2s’ intrinsic motivation, encouraged reflection on their own experiences, and promoted self-regulated learning. Further, educating about procedural skills and clinical reasoning prompted reflection on their own procedural skills and thought processes. Supporting post-graduate year 1 residents’ reflections led to the refinement of PGY2s’ knowledge and thought processes through the verbal expression of their learning experiences. Such processes required the formation of a community of practice. Thus, education promoted learning through reflection and clarified the expert images of themselves that PGY2s envisaged.ConclusionsThe study found that residents acquire various physician competencies through multiple processes by teaching as near-peer teachers in clinical settings, that a community of practice must be formed for near-peer teaching to occur in a clinical setting, and that teaching brings learning to those who teach by promoting reflection and helping them envision the professionals they aim to be.

A Human and Social Capital Perspective on Institutional Owner Reactions to Black CEO Appointments

A Human and Social Capital Perspective on Institutional Owner Reactions to Black CEO Appointments

Climate change impacts of forest conversion (Study on forest conversion for food estate/ national food granary program in Central Kalimantan)

Background: The Food Estate policy or national food granary program is a food development concept that is integrated with agriculture, plantations and animal husbandry, one of which is in the area of openings in natural forests covering an area of 156,000 ha in Central Kalimantan. This program is designed to prepare national food security in order to respond to the Food and Agriculture (FAO) Report on the threat of a global food crisis due to the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic. Changes in forest cover from previously green land to agricultural land will cause loss of forest cover in the form of vegetation or trees that have ecosystem services as carbon dioxide absorbers from the air. Methods: The impact of forest conversion is analyzed by conducting spatial analysis of land cover and calculating potential carbon stocks lost, as well as providing suggestions or solutions to problems or gaps from an economic, social, and political environmental perspective. Findings: From the results of literature studies, the government must learn from the experience of food estate projects on peatlands in the past where peatlands became thin and when the dry season arrived, the land would be flammable due to lack of attention to the biophysical aspects of the soil. Conclusion: In addition, economic and social aspects involve and assist the community in carrying out food security programs and agricultural technology sophistication. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This analysis provides a unique perspective on the climate change impacts of forest conversion for food estate programs, bridging the gap between national food security policies and environmental conservation imperatives.

Mapping the Digital Footprint of Women Entrepreneurs in East Java

This research objective comprehensively analyze characteristics based on East Java female entrepreneurs. The selection of East Java as the research subject stems from being the second province with the highest number of MSMEs in Indonesia. The research gap, examined descriptively and spatially, aims to provide a more comprehensive insight into the digital transformation of female entrepreneurs in East Java and its correlation with the social construction perspective through an in-depth literature review. The patterns within the relationship between female entrepreneurship and socio-cultural constructs will contribute novelty to this analytical study. The data utilized in this study are secondary and numeric, obtained through the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2022 and have been analyzed in descriptive statistics. The result revealed that from spatial analysis, it is observed that Sumenep, Pamekasan, Bojonegoro, Malang, and Jember are the regions with the highest levels of female entrepreneurship in East Java. Meanwhile, areas with the lowest levels of female entrepreneurship are the cities of Madiun, Pasuruan, Probolinggo, and Mojokerto. The high motivation of female entrepreneurs is for additional income, and they adopt digitalization strategies to optimize their operations and income. Further, there remains a noticeable credit access, usability, and digital usage divide gap among male and female entrepreneurs in East Java. Keywords: women empowerment, SMEs, digitalization, gender equality

Antecedents of Risk Information Sharing & Processing Mechanism in Supply Chain: A social and technical Perspective

This paper emphasizes Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM), whose execution can boost an organization's resilience and operating performance. Drawing on quantitative data from 231 supply chain professionals in various industries, the results highlight that subcomponents of SCRM—specifically strategy alignment and technology usage—significantly influence risk information sharing, analysis, and evaluation. Abstract Surprisingly, an SCRM-oriented culture does not significantly affect the exchange of risk information or the amount of risk partnership. At the same time, team support has insignificant effects on risk analysis and assessment. From these insights, it is evident that although having a culture of SCRM in place and some team involvement is beneficial, they could not, altogether, pave the way toward the organizational capability of evaluating and disseminating risk-related information. In its place, the emphasis on aligned SCRM strategy and technological advancement in the supply chain sector becomes a critical factor for risk mitigation. This suggests an absolute imperative for managers: to facilitate a technological-enabled SCRM approach that is collaborative, in line with the strategy, and allows integrated information processing. Fortifying these domains can help minimize weaknesses, increase response, and streamline the supply chain performance; continuous monitoring and improvement of information dissemination processes are essential, as they facilitate better risk management across the supply chain network.

Point-of-care Testing HbA1c screening for type 2 diabetes in urban and rural areas of China: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Point-of-care Testing (POCT) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a convenient, cheap, effective and accessible screening method for type 2 diabetes in rural areas and community settings that is widely used in the European region and Japan, but not yet widespread in China. The study is the first to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of POCT HbA1c, fasting capillary glucose (FCG), and venous blood HbA1c to screen for type 2 diabetes in urban and rural areas of China, and to identify the best socio-economically beneficial screening strategy. Based on urban and rural areas in China, economic models for type 2 diabetes screening were constructed from a social perspective. The subjects of this study were adults aged 18-80 years with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Three screening strategies were established for venous blood HbA1c, FCG and POCT HbA1c, and cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by Markov models. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed on all parameters of the model to verify the stability of the results. Compared with FCG, POCT HbA1c was cost-effective with an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of $500.06/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in urban areas and an ICUR of $185.10/QALY in rural areas, within the willingness-to-pay threshold (WTP = $37,653). POCT HbA1c was cost-effective with lower cost and higher utility compared with venous blood HbA1c in both urban and rural areas. In the comparison of venous blood HbA1c and FCG, venous blood HbA1c was cost-effective (ICUR = $20,833/QALY) in urban areas but not in rural areas (ICUR = $41,858/QALY). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results of the study were stable and credible. POCT HbA1c was cost-effective for type 2 diabetes screening in both urban and rural areas of China, which could be considered for future clinical practice in China. Factors such as geographic location, local financial situation and resident compliance needed to be considered when making the choice of venous blood HbA1c or FCG.

HƯỚNG TIẾP CẬN TIỂU THUYẾT HAI VẠN DẶM DƯỚI BIỂN CỦA JULES VERNE QUA CÁC ĐOẠN TRÍCH TRONG SÁCH GIÁO KHOA NGỮ VĂN 7 CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GIÁO DỤC PHỔ THÔNG 2018

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a great book by Jules Verne and a classic of the science fiction genre. In Vietnam, this novel was first included in the 2018 General Education Program as a primary reading material in the science fiction lesson of the Literature 7 textbooks. This article aims to elucidate the content value, artistic characteristics, and educational significance of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. It highlights the appeal and role of the work in developing qualities and competencies for secondary school students from scientific, cultural, historical, social, and psychological perspectives. Consequently, the article proposes approaches to effectively exploit and enhance the quality of teaching and learning this novel as well as the science fiction genre - a completely new genre in today's schools.