Socialization, Externalization, Combination And Internalization Research Articles

Gestão do Conhecimento em Empresas de Desenvolvimento Ágil de Software: Conceitos e Práticas Essenciais

This paper presents the state of the art of knowledge management in software development, organized around key concepts and practices grouped in epistemological and ontological dimensions, development approach, space, and culture. This classification results from the thematic analysis of 35 research papers available on this topic, selected from an initial set of 1620 papers, through bibliographic research that followed the principles of systematic reviews. As an original contribution, this paper presents a classification of agile software development techniques and some potential enabling factors according to the epistemology, ontology, and the SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization) model.

SECI Process and Its Predictors: Behavioral Intention from a Socio Technical Perspective

The SECI (socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization) process is considered as root components of knowledge management. Socialization and internalization are believed to be closely linked to tacit knowledge while externalization and combination related with explicit knowledge. In this backdrop this study investigates the predictors of behavioral intention on SECI process with the aim of identifying the influencing factors of tacit and explicit knowledge activities. Trust, ICT use, performance expectancy and effort expectancy were considered as predictors in this study to reflect the socio technical nature. Data were collected from 313 executives in the Sri Lankan Telecommunication Industry using self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the partial least square technique by utilizing smart PLS version 2.0. The findings and its implications were discussed in the later part of the paper.

Exploring the relationship between the knowledge creation process and intellectual capital in the pharmaceutical industry

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the relationship between knowledge creation and intellectual capital (IC) through an empirical study in the pharmaceutical industry. In the current economy, knowledge and IC are considered as the most important organizational assets and are the key resources in gaining competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approach– This paper adopts the socialization, externalization, combination and internalization (SECI) model to examine the format of knowledge creation processes (KCP) and uses a model to demonstrate the relationship between KCP and IC and its components in the pharmaceutical industry. A valid instrument was adopted to collect the required data on KCP and and IC dimensions. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the measurement model and to test the research hypotheses using the data collected from 470 completed questionnaires.Findings– The results supported the research model and revealed that KCP has significant influence on the accumulation of human capital. The performance of human capital manifests significant impact on structural capital and relational capital.Practical limitations/implications– Given the strong association between KCP and IC, managers should define their own robust operations for knowledge creation to improve their IC accumulation.Originality/value– This research departs from the earlier research on KCP–IC by adopting the SECI model and a research model that facilitates the exploration of the relationship between KCP and IC dimensions in the pharmaceutical industry. The research results provided strong support for the KCP–IC relationship.

Knowledge, Theory and Practice in Knowledge Management: Betweeen Associative Pattering and Context-Rich Action

Embedded throughout this paper you will find the diversity of opinions that correlates to the diversity of theories, frameworks, case studies and stories that are related to the field of Knowledge Management (KM). We begin by introducing the Sampler Research Call approach and the 13 KM academics and practitioners working in different parts of the world who answered the call. We then provide baseline definitions and briefly explore the process of knowledge creation within the human mind/brain. After a brief (and vastly incomplete) introduction to KM literature at the turn of the Century, the frameworks of Sampler Call participants are introduced, and two early frameworks that achieved almost cult status—the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) continuum and the SECI (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization) model—are explored through the eyes of Sampler Call participants. We then introduce the results of the KMTL (Knowledge Management Thought Leader) Study, which suggest theories consistent with the richness and diversity of thought interwoven throughout this paper. The field of KM is introduced as a complex adaptive system with many possibilities and opportunities. Finally, we share summary thoughts, urging us as KM academics and practitioners to find the balance between the conscious awareness/understanding of higher-order patterns and the actions we take; between the need for overarching theory and the experiential freedom necessary to address context-rich situations.

Teaching Critical thinking through Online Instructor Scaffolding: A Conceptual Framework

This study extends the socio-cultural Vygotskian theory of scaffolding with the application of knowledge conversion processes based on Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization (SECI) model to the Asynchronous Online Discussion Forum (AODF) environment in order to explore the potential impact of instructor scaffolding types on students’ critical thinking engagement, cognitive performance and general critical thinking skills. The proposed framework will be helpful for instructors to structure and scaffold students’ critical thinking in the AODF environment effectively.

Building Socially-Aware E-Learning Systems Through Knowledge Management

Conformance to social context while designing an e-learning course is crucial in enhancing acceptability of the course. Building socially aware e-learning courses requires elicitation of social opinion from various stakeholders associated with the system. Stakeholders are disparate in their perception towards the intricacies of the system, leading to generation of numerous assorted ideas. Knowledge Management (KM) assimilates these ideas to bring congruency into the system. This paper proposes i) a model KMeLS (Knowledge Management in e-Learning Systems) built upon the SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization) framework, and ii) an algorithm PARSeL (Prioritizing Alternatives using Recommendations of Stakeholders in e-Learning) to incorporate KM into designing an e-learning course. PARSeL prioritizes the content using stakeholder recommendations using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy modeling. A case study is also presented with a goal of prioritizing a set of programming languages for an online computing course. The proposed methodology can be promising in recommending appropriate content for the e-learners and can be implemented to benefit e-learning organizations in a wider spectrum.

A Framework for New Product Selection Decision Using Analytic Network Process and Knowledge Management

This paper aims to propose a new framework applying analytic network process (ANP) considering with three currently crucial perspectives; quality, environment and cost. At the same time of the ANP processes, a knowledge creation process and also knowledge evaluation method are considered for sustaining and measuring new emerging knowledge from proposed framework. This study provides a rational of this comprehensive framework and selected methods; those are ANP, eight quality dimensions of Garvin, life cycle costing (LCC), socialization, externalization, combination and internalization (SECI) model and Skandia model. All concerning methods are discussed and argued of their potential benefits and strengths delivering to the proposed framework.

Glocalizing Nonaka’s knowledge creation model: Issues and challenges

The main objective of this article is to explore the challenges for globalizing knowledge management theories. Adopting a practice-based view of knowledge and engaging critically with Nonaka’s SECI (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization) model, the hidden behavioral assumptions and cultural values and meanings embedded within the model are revealed so as to provide a thought experiment to explain the organizational and inter-cultural dynamics that may disrupt its translation in overseas contexts. It is argued that a successful implementation of Nonaka’s SECI model requires a ‘glocalized’ approach, which involves trade-offs between core underlying values and objectives during the process of local translation. This article contributes to current theories of knowledge management by revealing the underlying sources of cultural embeddedness and the implications for their global diffusion.

Knowledge Creation, Organizational Learning and Their Effects on Organizational Performance

Knowledge has become one of the most important intangible assets for the company in the current competitive environment (Nonaka, 1994; Hunt, 1995; Grant, 1996; Hunt & Morgan, 1996; Teece, 1998; Lee & Sukoco, 2007; Li et al., 2009), being of particular importance knowledge creation processes within an organization (Nonaka, 1994; Nonaka & Konno, 1998; Nonaka et al., 2000) to achieve long-term competitive advantage (Nevis et al., 1995; Davenport & Prusack, 1997; Chow et al., 2000; Gold et al., 2001; Lin & Lee, 2004; Hicks et al., 2007). Furthermore, learning is at the heart of corporate governance and it has become the essence of productive activity that has new rules, new boundaries and new ways of behaving (Garcia et al., 2009). Thus, one of the strategic values of an organization lies in becoming a "learning organization". These organizations have an enterprise architecture that converts the firm into a place of learning, so the organization can make appropriate approaches to changing environment (Kogut & Zander, 1996; Garcia et al., 2007). The concept of knowledge management involves managing the learning processes of individual and collective members of an organization. Therefore, it includes organizational learning (related to the creation of new knowledge), and most processes related to the acquisition of knowledge from outside, dissemination, storage and exploitation of knowledge at the firm (Day, 1992; Garcia et al., 2009). So this paper analyzes how the 4 modes of knowledge conversion model proposed in the "knowledge creating organization " (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995): Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization (SECI) affect organizational learning and the results of the organization. Analyzing a sample of 284 Spanish companies, we propose a model to analyze this relationship. The results show (1) a positive relation between the modes of knowledge creation, (2) knowledge creation influences organizational learning as an essential part of Knowledge Management (Garcia et al., 2007; Garcia et al., 2009), (3) knowledge creation and organizational learning can create a new approach of continuous improvement leading to the increase of organizational performance (Senge, 1990; Peters, 1992).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.22.3.521

Introducing Heterogeneity of Managers' Attitude into Behavioral Risk Scoring for Software Offshoring

In the spirit of Nonaka and Takeuchi's Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization (SECI) model, this paper explores how to integrate the heterogeneity of managers' attitudes, as a behavioral dimension of tacit knowledge, into risk scoring for software offshoring. We propose a linear mixed model approach to make individual heterogeneity explicit within a conjoint analysis experimental framework. The model is then estimated using a data set on Japanese software outsourcing. Based on heterogeneity elicitation, an optimist–pessimist categorizing of managerial attitudes towards risk reveals the drivers of such heterogeneity. We find that experience and the criteria used for selecting vendors are the key drivers. Our behavioral risk scoring, incorporating the attitude heterogeneity, outperforms the ordinary least square (OLS) estimate in risk prediction and yields real benefits in terms of risk reduction, forgone benefits saving and profits improving. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Analyzing ICT adoption and use effects on knowledge creation: An empirical investigation in SMEs

This paper investigates the influence of the adoption and use of information and communication technology (ICT) on organizational learning (OL). The focus is on knowledge, creation, as an articulated construct for the OL concept, and the SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization) model is used as a reference for knowledge, creation. ICT use is seen here as consisting of three different orientations: informative, communicative and workflow. The results, based on a sample of around 300 Spanish small- and, medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), indicate that ICT has a significant positive influence on the, four processes for creating knowledge. ICT oriented to communication and workflow is found, to produce a significant positive impact on knowledge creation processes, except for, socialization process, while ICT use for information does not influence any of the processes for, creating knowledge and OL.

Case study of knowledge creation facilitated by Six Sigma

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between knowledge creation processes and the Six Sigma approach.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated Six Sigma implementation process is proposed to explore knowledge creation opportunities within a Six Sigma program. A qualitative inquiry with thematic analysis which focuses on a TFT‐LCD (Thin Film Transistor‐Liquid Crystal Display) panel manufacturer and a glass substrates manufacturer is presented in order to identify how the Six Sigma program facilitates the knowledge creation process through the socialization, externalization combination and internalization (SECI) modes, and four types of space for knowledge creation, which are viewed as the different forms of ba, as proposed by Nonaka et al. , namely originating ba, interacting ba, systemizing ba and exercising ba.FindingsThis study contributes to integrating the domains of quality management and knowledge management research. The findings demonstrate the potential mediating effect of a Six Sigma knowledge‐creating system.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited in its research methodology, and the case studies are only two empirical illustrations of many other possible implementation processes. The author does not assume that these companies are paradigms or that their specific situations are applicable to all other business enterprises.Originality/valueThis architecture offers an initial model for an organization that wants to facilitate knowledge creation according to the prevailing Six Sigma approach, and further proceed with its knowledge management systems implementation to encourage the management of corporate knowledge and effectively enhance competitiveness.

Case study of knowledge creation contributed by ISO 9001:2000

ISO 9001:2000 has become a favoured system for many organisations seeking to improve its infrastructure. It also can become a point of departure for creating innovation within an organisation. This study describes organisational innovation by way of the ISO 9000 knowledge creation process. A process model that integrates ISO 9001:2000 clauses is proposed to explore knowledge creation opportunities within the ISO 9000 system. A comprehensive ISO 9000-based knowledge creation system framework in which the Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization (SECI) modes, and various 'ba' proposed by Nonaka and Konno are introduced for organisational innovation toward customer satisfaction, is proposed. Empirical research, involving a case study with the thematic analysis, is presented to illustrate the proposed framework. The results of the case study reveal that the proposed framework can be easily implemented in an organisation to facilitate the creation of corporate knowledge and effectively enhance the firm's competitiveness.