Social Well-being Of Women Research Articles

The Impact of Financial Inclusion on the Association between Government Cash Transfers and Violence Against Women

This study employs a comprehensive and evidence-oriented analysis of public initiatives of financial benefits and economic empowerment of women with reference to their impact on violence against women (VAW) in the context of Pakistan. Microdata of survey on Economic and Social Wellbeing of Women in Punjab has been analyzed to underscore the aforementioned impact on women aged 15 to 64 years, both married and unmarried. Logit Probit models have been applied for arriving at empirical findings regarding impact of government financial benefits, marital status, household economic wealth status, education, gender of the household head, family size (number of children), area of residence, age, age square and female empowerment through providing them with employment on violence against women. Findings suggest that public initiatives of providing financial benefits to women for the purpose of enhancing their empowerment have empirical evidence with regard to mitigating violence against women in Pakistan. Public policy interventions for initiation of more research for provision of target based financial benefits to the women who are actually trapped in abusive relationships and social milieus are required to be prioritized in Pakistan. In addition to these research support initiatives, the government should link its budgetary allocations to the female entrepreneurship development and stipulate the departments with achievement of given targets for receiving further allocations. The results further suggest that effective planning and meticulous execution of government financial benefits programs designed especially for women play an established role in aggregation of uplifting their financially empowered status as well as decreasing their physical, emotional and sexual exploitation.

Prevelence and Incedence of Reproductive Tract Infections Among Married Women in India

Reproductive tract infections (RTI) are the infections which affects any organ related to genital tract. Reproductive tract infections are also known to act one of the risk factor for transmission of HIV, and are common yet neglected health problem affecting health and social wellbeing of women in their most productive age. The annual incidence of Reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections in India is estimated at 5% or approximately 40 million every year. Although early detection and treatment of Reproductive tract infections can prevent complications and minimize the severity of long-term sequels, still RTI remains undiagnosed and untreated. Reproductive tract infections may also present as symptomatic among women who cause wide spread of disease in the community and also responsible for severe morbidity. Women show less interest on health seeking and have minimal knowledge on RTI/STI. This article provides a summary overview based on the data related to literature shows that age group of women, education, occupation, and standard of living were major factors affecting awareness on reproductive tract infections. Women who were illiterates do not seek treatment due to existing inhibitions regarding reproductive health; need targeted interventions for reproductive health messages. Need to make them aware of simple and the best confirmatory evidence of reproductive tract infections.

Exploring The Psychological Experiences Of Women With Infertility In Urban Ghana: A Qualitative Study

Objective: To explore experiences of women seeking treatment in Ashanti region of Ghana regarding infertility and its effect on daily living. Methodology: A qualitative study utilizing content analysis approach. Purposive sampling of 18 women with infertility who sought infertility treatment as referral cases in Kumasi, Ashanti Region were selected for a semi-structured in-depth interview after giving informed consent. Results: Four main themes emerged as participants’ perception of infertility and its consequences on their daily lives. These include: “abuse”, “marital instability”, “social isolation”, and “loss of self-esteem.” The most predominant theme was “loss of self-esteem”. Infertility was found to influence both psychological and social well-being of affected women. Conclusion: Infertility imposes significant impairment on the emotional, psychological and social well-being of women in Ghana. These include isolation, abuse, loss of self-esteem, and marital instability. What is already known? Infertility may impose psychological distress on affected couples. What did study add? This study reveals the extent to which infertility-related distress affects the daily living experience of women in Ghana, including physical abuse. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy? The severity of the psychological burden of infertility is worse on women and this could be mitigated if the associated high costs of infertility treatment are subsidized.

‘I want us to divorce so that I will stay alone and be free’: the social experiences of women living with advanced cervical cancer in Ghana

Background/Aim Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer and second leading cause of mortality for women in Ghana, with most being diagnosed at the advanced stage. A late diagnosis affects women's social wellbeing. However, there is a dearth of information on the social implications of advanced cervical cancer among women in Ghana. This study's aim was to explore these social experiences. Methods A qualitative exploratory descriptive approach was used. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 15 women aged 33−67 years old who had been diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results Four themes emerged: impaired relationships, social isolation, economic burden and support networks. Participants found that their diagnosis impacted their relationships with their partners and their family. They also reported isolating themselves from social events, either as a result of others' attitudes once they learnt of the diagnosis, or because of the symptoms of the disease and side effects of treatment that affected their physical appearance. The cost of treatment and living expenses, as well as the impact on women's ability to work, had considerable effects on the participants' lives. Many participants had the support of their spouse, family and place of work, although some reported a lack of support from their partner or coworkers. Conclusions The findings highlight the need to formulate policies to support women diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer to improve social wellbeing. A public awareness campaign is needed to educate the public to encourage acceptance of women living with advanced cervical cancer.

Physical and social wellbeing of women in underpaid and overloaded jobs

The 21st century has seen a drastic transformational shift in the workforce. Women are actively participating in the workforce to have their own identity, source of income and career. There is no industry that women has stepped into, for instance automobiles, manufacturing industries, chemical industries etc. The penetration of women into white collared, pink collared and blue collared jobs are high compared to 19th and 20th century. Even though women have started to bloom in their career, they are still bounded by the traditional family responsibilities. Due to which women face many struggles in balancing their work and family. This paper discusses about the factors that hinder the survival and growth of women employed in underpaid and overloaded jobs. This empirical paper also narrates the effects of conflicts with family members, workplace conflicts, hindrance factors that make blue collared women to struggle to complete the related task leading to poor equilibrium between work and personal life.

ANTENATAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PSYCHOSOCIAL WELLBEING OF PREGNANT WOMEN: A CASE OF MPILO LOZIKEYI MATERNITY HOSPITAL, BULAWAYO, ZIMBABWE

Introduction: Women have psychosocial challenges but perinatal interventions are not making much impact on their mental status hence the interventions need scaling up. This study involved measuring and analysing the extent to which levels of the psychosocial markers reflect effectiveness of the mental health interventions offered by midwives. Methods: The study was conducted at Mpilo Central Hospital Maternity Bulawayo, for the main reason that it receives women referrals from 5 out of the 10 provinces in the country with a total catchment of almost 50% of the country’s population. The maternity hospital has a full complement of all the five maternity units. A quantitative approach administrating a Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Short form (Q-LES-SF) scale was used. The scale ranged from “very poor” to “very good” with “poor”, “fair”, “good” components in between was used to measure the psychosocial scores on a purposive sample of 300 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The participants had attended at least three antenatal reviews where psychosocial interventions and mental health assessment, monitoring and evaluations are normally carried. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics on SPSS Version 23 package. Results: The Q-LES-Q-SF psychosocial scale which was revealed that women had psychosocial challenges without adequate mental health interventions to ameliorate these challenges. The study demonstrated a bimodal sample with peaks at the “Good” and “Poor” set points. The relationships of the psychosocial and satisfaction scores along the scale continuum showed that “Poor” (33%) Q-LES-Q-SF was higher, followed by “Good” (29%), followed by “Fair” (25%), followed by “Very Poor” and “Very Poor” and “Very Good” being equal (6.5%) in a normal distribution pattern. The likelihood of the demographic variables influencing the Q-LES-Q-F scale were not necessarily linked to the quality-of-life enjoyment and satisfaction of the expectant women during prenatal period. However, age, education level acquired and marital status showed a linearity towards the “Good” when individually rated against the Q-LES-Q-F. Discussion: The psychosocial scores were generally both poor and good indicating that perinatal interventions are needed are needed to making much impact on the mental and social wellbeing of women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The good to very good Q-LES-Q-F scores are a requirement in expectant mothers as this has a strong bearing on the wellbeing of the foetus and mother post parturition. Apparently, the need for scaling up psychosocial support, monitoring, evaluation and interventions to third trimester pregnant women by midwives cannot be overemphasized.

Women's Social Well-Being During Pregnancy: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Recent Life Events.

Background:Adverse experiences during childhood and recent stressful life events are each associated with women's reduced well-being and poorer health during pregnancy. Few studies, however, have focused upon pregnant women's social well-being, and inclusion of both independent variables in the same analysis is rare. This study focuses upon adverse experiences during childhood as well as recent life events in relationship to four aspects of social well-being: social support, couple aggression for partnered women, neighborhood safety, and food insecurity.Materials and Methods:A diverse community sample of 176 pregnant women completed questionnaires during their third trimester. A cross-sectional design was used that included retrospective reports of childhood experiences, as well as reports of recent life events and current well-being.Results:Adverse experiences during childhood were uniquely associated with couple aggression (β = 0.206, p = 0.026) and lower neighborhood safety (β = −0.185, p = 0.021). Recent stressful life events were uniquely associated with lower social support (β = −0.247, p = 0.001) and greater food insecurity (β = 0.494, p = 0.000). For social support and food insecurity, there was a significant indirect pathway from adverse childhood experiences through recent stressful life events. Adverse child experiences and recent stressful life events did not interact.Conclusions:A life-course perspective that considers women's experiences across their life span is critical for use by both researchers and health practitioners. Adverse childhood experiences and recent stressful life events are important for understanding social features of pregnant women's daily lives.

Impact of Covid-19 among Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria

Background: This paper examined the impact of the covid-19 pandemic among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Pandemics however, are not new to the human society. Nevertheless, humanitarian crises, including health emergencies like covid-19 affect men and women differently. The pandemic exposed sharp economic and social inequalities and widened the already existing gap with the most vulnerable in society, including unequal impacts affecting women and girls by virtue of their gender. This review provided information on the physical, economic and social impact of covid-19 pandemic among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Methods: Grey literature such as reports and research briefs from WHO, UN, UNICEF, World Bank, Care International, Plan International. Partners West Africa Nigeria and National Demographic Health Survey Nigeria was used for this review. In addition literature searches from peer-reviewed articles published between 2001 to date in databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar were also used for this review. Conclusion: Some of these impacts, as this review has found, include different types of social and economic problems such as loss of jobs, income decline, increased stress, worries, increase in sexual and gender-based violence and concerns that have had significant impact on the mental health and social well-being of women, children, and other vulnerable groups. Recommendation: Civil Society Organizations and Development Partners should lead interventions around the many forms of violence that women face across their life cycle and in all contexts of their lives- private, public and technology driven spaces. Furthermore, Government should develop operational plans that will include capacity assessments and risk analyses by the State and Local Government authorities; and extending the reach of public health and socioeconomic interventions by civil society and Non-governmental organization.

How Does Contraceptive Use Affect Women's Sexuality? A Novel Look at Sexual Acceptability.

Among the components of a healthy life, sexuality is essential, contributing to both the psychophysical and social well-being of women and, consequently, to their quality of life. A poorly investigated standpoint is the acceptability of contraceptive methods, both in terms of their tolerability and metabolic neutrality and in terms of their impact on sexual life. In this context, we will provide an overview of the different methods of contraception and their effects on female sexuality, from biological changes to organic, social, and psychological factors, which can all shape sexuality. A MEDLINE/PubMed review of the literature between 2010 and 2021 was conducted using the following key words and phrases: hormonal contraception, contraceptives, female sexual function, libido, sexual arousal and desire, and sexual pain. Recent studies have supported the effects of contraceptives on women’s sexuality, describing a variety of positive and negative events in several domains of sexual function (desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, enjoyment). However, satisfaction with sexual activity depends on factors that extend beyond sexual functioning alone. A more holistic approach is needed to better understand the multitude of factors linked to women’s sexuality and contraception. Contraceptive counseling must consider these important elements since they are closely related to good compliance and maximize non-contraceptive health benefits.

«КРАЙ ИЗГНАНИЯ НЕПРИВЕТНЫЙ»: НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ЖЕНЩИН В ТЮРЬМАХ ТАВРИЧЕСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ СЕРЕДИНЫ XIX – НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА

The article examines the features of keeping women prisoners in the prisons of the Tauride province in the mid-19th - early 20th century. The problems of keeping prisoners in detention centers and prison castles are highlighted and described. The article uses subsequently introduced into scientific circulation, previously unpublished documents concerning the inspections of prisons in the Tauride province. Implementation of criminal responsibility in the Russian Empire in the mid-19th - early 20th century was carried out by sending prisoners to jails, arrest houses, correctional prison departments, however, until the beginning of the twentieth century. Despite the stable increase in female crime, there were very few female representatives in places of imprisonment. At the moment, science is looking for solutions that can improve the quality of the penitentiary system in relation to women. In this regard, it is especially relevant to study the characteristics of female prison detention in retrospect. There are currently no sources that would provide a full picture of the social well-being of women in prisons and detention centers in the Tauride province, which in turn makes research on this issue relevant. The reconstruction of a woman's position, as well as her social well-being in prison, is based on all-Russian studies, which provide fragmentary information about certain aspects.

“Another Way to Talk About Feeling Bad”. Creative Interactive Bibliotherapy – A Complement to Treatment for Women with Mental Illness After Childbirth

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate whether and in what respects creative interactive bibliotherapy can affect the mental and social well-being of women with postpartum mental illness. Four women with mental illness after childbirth read and discussed fiction in a reading circle for ten weeks, under the guidance of a licensed psychologist. The participants were observed during the reading circle and interviewed individually when the reading circle had ended. ). The result of the study shows that the women's social, mental, and intellectual well-being was positively affected. The participants felt less alone. Their thoughts and emotions were stimulated. They were strengthened in their identity, prioritized their own needs and became more active in their everyday lives. Given the results, creative interactive bibliotherapy seems to be a form of therapy that merits further research regarding the group of women with postpartum mental illness.

CHANGING OF SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND HEALTH OF OLDER WOMEN DURING COVID-19: OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE FACTORS

The social well-being and health of citizens of all countries has been greatly tested during the pandemic of COVID-19. The situation has exacerbated many social problems. Older women found themselves in a particularly difficult situation, who experienced increased psychological burden, deteriorating health conditions, and social isolation. Even the family had not always proved to be a way of improving the status of women. All this has led to the need to examine the real problems, the objective and subjective factors affecting women's social well-being and the ways in which older women are better off.

The Effectiveness of Rural Investment of Self Help Groups (SHG) on the Economic and Social Wellbeing of Women: A Case Study of Katete District - Eastern Province

The Effectiveness of Rural Investment of Self Help Groups (SHG) on the Economic and Social Wellbeing of Women: A Case Study of Katete District - Eastern Province

Social well-being of women in reproductive ages and its related factors in Zanjan, 2016

Social well-being of women in reproductive ages and its related factors in Zanjan, 2016

Особенности сексуальной функции у женщин в пожилом возрасте

The full value of sexual function is a significant aspect of human life. Despite the obvious significance, the sexually-erotic determinants in a person’s life and its important role in the physical, mental and social well-being of women, the discussion of issues related to sexual activity in the representation of the older group remains beyond scientific interest. This article provides an overview of data on the nature and prevalence of sexual dysfunction among older women and discusses modern methods of correcting disorders of sexual function in postmenopausal women.

Does Women Well-being Matter for Demand and Development of Children?

Women well-being has number of socioeconomic and developmental implications. Early child development is directly linked with well-being of mothers and educated women demand lower children. However, the existing literature hardly focused this area, therefore, the current study has investigated the impact of women wellbeing on fertility and early child development. For this purpose, this study constructed women well-being index to measure the well-being of the women by using four dimensions, economic well-being of women, social well-being of women, political awareness of women and satisfaction of women in different aspects of life. Moreover, early child development index has considered as proxy for child development which covers four dimensions of early child development, literacy-numeracy of children, physical growth of children, learning of children and socio-emotional development of children. In this connection, the data was collected from thirty-six districts across the Punjab province, Pakistan. By applying descriptive and regression analysis, the study found that women well-being has positive association with all domains of early child development. However, women well-being and its dimensions have negative relationship with fertility. Therefore, improvement in well-being of women may a suitable strategy especially for developing economies to enhance early child development and to reduce demand of children.

A review of organizational arrangements in microfinance and health programs.

BackgroundCombining health programs with microfinance is gaining more recognition as a pathway for improving health and increasing access to health services among the poor, especially women living in low-income countries. Recently published reviews have summarized the changes in health behaviors and health outcomes due to the effective layering of health interventions with microfinance initiatives. However, a large gap remains in defining and understanding the organizational strategies for implementing effective health programs and services that improve the health and social well-being of women and their families.MethodAs microfinance organizations and the global health community recognize the largely untapped potential of developing effective multidimensional channels of providing access to a variety of health interventions through a microfinance platform, there is a need for more evidence to guide organizational strategies that are feasible, sustainable and produce results. We developed a framework and classification scheme for identifying organizational arrangements between microfinance and health, outlined the criteria for article identification and selection, and reviewed original articles that included a discussion on organizational strategies published in peer-reviewed journals to better inform future research and effective program development.ResultsOur review found that most MFIs operate in cooperative and collaborative partnerships for expanding health and social services with health education as the leading intervention. The extreme ends of the integration-partnership continuum, ie, no partnership on one end and complete merger on the other, are rare if they exist.ConclusionsThe drivers of organizational strategy are related to the context, health needs of the clients, and individual capacities of MFIs to develop effective services. However, approaches to establishing these processes and decision-making for effectively structuring and delivering health and microfinance services is an inadequately explored area. Future progress depends on bridging public health, microfinance, and organizational research silos to study how different organizational arrangements affect implementation and outcomes.

Социальное самочувствие женщин в экономических условиях 2015 г. (На примере Вологодской области)

Социальное самочувствие женщин в экономических условиях 2015 г. (На примере Вологодской области)

The impact of Nordic walking trainings on social well-being of women at the age of 50-60

Prevention of falls aims to increase the strength of large groups of muscles, mainly in the lower limbs, as well as to improve gait, balance, and coordination parameters. Nordic walking (NW) is a new type of walking training; the main purpose of NW is to involve the muscles that are not used during normal walking, which enables the performance of high intensity exercises at a relatively low level of perceived exertion. The article deals with the relevance of the problem of raising the health level and working capacity of mature and elderly-aged population. The importance of regular physical exercises as a universal means of satisfying the human body in motion has proved to be substantial. The research results in a positive impact of NW training on the functional status and health of women under the age of 50 - 60, the optimal structure of correctly graduated exercises during Nordic walking trainings in winter and snow-free periods. The quality of women’s life is determined and improved. NW is a form of physical activity which is recommended along with physiotherapy for the elderly to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, vascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, thus improving people’s physical, and, hence, social welfare.

Association between gender inequality index and child mortality rates: a cross-national study of 138 countries.

BackgroundGender inequality weakens maternal health and harms children through many direct and indirect pathways. Allied biological disadvantage and psychosocial adversities challenge the survival of children of both genders. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has recently developed a Gender Inequality Index to measure the multidimensional nature of gender inequality. The global impact of Gender Inequality Index on the child mortality rates remains uncertain.MethodsWe employed an ecological study to investigate the association between child mortality rates and Gender Inequality Indices of 138 countries for which UNDP has published the Gender Inequality Index. Data on child mortality rates and on potential confounders, such as, per capita gross domestic product and immunization coverage, were obtained from the official World Health Organization and World Bank sources. We employed multivariate non-parametric robust regression models to study the relationship between these variables.ResultsWomen in low and middle income countries (LMICs) suffer significantly more gender inequality (p < 0.001). Gender Inequality Index (GII) was positively associated with neonatal (β = 53.85; 95% CI 41.61-64.09), infant (β = 70.28; 95% CI 51.93-88.64) and under five mortality rates (β = 68.14; 95% CI 49.71-86.58), after adjusting for the effects of potential confounders (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe have documented statistically significant positive associations between GII and child mortality rates. Our results suggest that the initiatives to curtail child mortality rates should extend beyond medical interventions and should prioritize women’s rights and autonomy. We discuss major pathways connecting gender inequality and child mortality. We present the socio-economic problems, which sustain higher gender inequality and child mortality in LMICs. We further discuss the potential solutions pertinent to LMICs. Dissipating gender barriers and focusing on social well-being of women may augment the survival of children of both genders.