Welfare Programs Research Articles

The Study on the Path of Enhancing Employee Productivity through Corporate Welfare Programs

The Study on the Path of Enhancing Employee Productivity through Corporate Welfare Programs

How Social Welfare Program, Transparency and Accountability of Rural Funding Management Enhancing the Public Welfare

Public welfare is a concern that the government continues to resolve. The government has undertaken various efforts to improve public welfare. This research aims to determine the influence of goverment social welfare programs known as family hope program (PKH), transparancy and accountability of rural funding management on public walfare in Gaya Jaya Village, Lawe Sigala Gala District, Southeast Aceh. The population used in this research is the citizens of Gaya Jaya Village, Lawe Sigala-Gala District, Southeast Aceh who obtaining grants from government social walfare program (PKH). The whole population of this research is used as a sample. The number of samples used in this research amounted to 41 respondents. This research data is primary data obtained from research questionnaires, distributed to all respondents. The results of this research show that the goverment social welfare programs, transparency and accountability of rural funding management have positive and significant effect on public walfare in Gaya Jaya Village, Lawe Sigala Gala District, Southeast Aceh. From the results of this research, it is expected that in the next government social welfare program there will be no mistargeting in assisting the public.

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN WILAYAH PERBATASAN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL PEMBANGUNAN

The national development of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) aims to realize equal distribution of people's welfare throughout the region, including border areas where until now there are still problems related to welfare. The border area essentially has a very vital and strategic meaning, at least when viewed from 3 (three) points of view, namely: defense-security, economic-trade, and socio-cultural. Therefore, a strategy is needed to improve the security of border areas according to the social perspective of development. This study used qualitative descriptive method, with data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use triangulation. This research shows that the strategy that can be carried out by the Indonesian government in overcoming problems in order to improve border area security according to the social perspective of border development of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) – Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (RDTL) in Atambua, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, among others, through Economic Development, Infrastructure, Human Resource Development, Social Welfare Programs, Diplomacy and Regional Cooperation, Community Empowerment, Cultural and Social Security, Law Enforcement, and Social Security.

Pengaruh Urbanisasi Dan Kontribusi Sektor Jasa Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Dengan Kualitas Peraturan Sebagai Variabel Moderating

Taxes are the backbone of a country's revenue, especially developing countries. The higher the tax revenue, the higher the country's ability to fund various government activities such as education, health, defense, social welfare programs, public infrastructure projects, and others. lower-middle income countries have less tax revenue than upper-income countries. Therefore, it is important to find the factors that influence tax revenues in lower-middle income countries. This research was conducted using linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors or known as PCSE. The results of the study show that simultaneously urbanization, the service sector and the moderating variable in the form of the quality of regulations affect tax revenues significantly. While partially, the urbanization has a positive effect on tax revenues. On the other hand, the service sector and regulatory quality have a negative effect on tax revenues. From the results of the moderation regression analysis, it was found that the quality of regulations does not moderate the effect of urbanization on tax revenues. On the contrary, from the interaction with the service sector, it is found that the quality of regulations weakens the negative influence of the service sector on tax revenues.

Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra: The Health Perspective

In 2023, India became the most populated country in the world with a population of 1.42 billion, providing it potential for significant economic growth by leveraging the demographic dividend.(1,2) As India becomes the global super power that the nation has potential to be, it is imperative to prioritize the well-being of the citizens. The government, being the elected representative body of people, holds the responsibility for ensuring the welfare of the masses. The Government of India periodically introduces welfare programs to cater to a diverse spectrum of the population.(3) As per the 2022 Union Budget, there are 740 central sector schemes.(4) The effectiveness of any program lies in its ability to reach its eligible beneficiaries. Unfortunately, several welfare schemes provided by the government do not reach its eligible recipients due to lack of awareness.(5) An information drought occurs, especially in rural areas despite the government’s best efforts in creating awareness through radio, TV, print or online media.(6)

An Analysis of the Management System of Local Government’s Educational Welfare Program: With Reference to the Dream Start Project

An Analysis of the Management System of Local Government’s Educational Welfare Program: With Reference to the Dream Start Project

The Production of Eco-enzyme Multipurpose Liquid-based Soap to Improve Household Economic Empowerment

Abstract. In the 1980s, a from Thailand, Dr. Rosukon Poompanyong, conducted research about eco-enzymes. The result showed that eco-enzyme has so many benefits. One of the benefits of the eco-enzyme is for health and beauty by producing a liquid soap made of the eco-enzyme. The manufacturing of soap made from the eco-enzyme is a form of community service to improve economic empowerment and manage the household organic waste of the Family Welfare Programme (hereinafter referred to as PKK) members RT 03/RW 014, Serengan, Serengan, Surakarta in 2023. This soap-making training is a continuity of the two previous community services, which LP3M UMY also funded. The purpose of community service in making liquid soap made from the eco-enzyme is to improve economic empowerment and manage household organic waste. Because the eco-enzyme can be made out of household organic waste, the development result can be developed into products that can be economically traded. The result of community service in making liquid soap not only can be useful for daily use but also can be sold to increase household income. The activity was carried out by directly making liquid soap with PKK members at RT 003/RW 014, Serengan, Serengan, Surakarta. Community service in making liquid soap cannot only improve the economy of households and groups but also can add new insight for the PKK members regarding the use of eco-enzyme as the ingredient of liquid soap. In the future, community service based on the manufacture of eco-enzymes will continue to develop products like liquid detergent, shampoo, and organic fertilizer so that it is beneficial not only for daily life but also for the environment.

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE MALAYSIA IN ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTIVE WELFARE

This research investigates the role of the Malaysian Social Welfare Department in optimizing productive welfare programs, focusing on poverty alleviation, and enhancing the lives of the B40 group. The study encompasses a qualitative exploration, engaging senior officials from the department and experts in social sciences, primarily through in-depth interviews. The pivotal concern of poverty has led to the establishment of welfare programs in Malaysia, with key objectives revolving around improving cooperation among stakeholders and addressing capacity-building challenges within the department. This study's significance lies in pinpointing weaknesses in welfare program implementation and aims to refine policies and coordination among relevant agencies. The research employs variables such as inter-agency cooperation, capacity building, monitoring mechanisms, community involvement, and policy influence, as derived from a comprehensive literature review on welfare and social development. The study utilized a qualitative research methodology, particularly Basic Qualitative Inquiry, focusing on the Malaysian Social Welfare Department. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with five participants, including senior department officials and esteemed academics in social sciences. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis, exploring core themes emerging from the interviews. Findings emphasized the pivotal role of comprehensive monitoring and structured collaboration among stakeholders. The discussions underscored the importance of tailored staff training, policy review, insights from foreign models, and community engagement as critical elements for improving welfare programs. In conclusion, the study offers a comprehensive overview of the Malaysian Social Welfare Department's role in welfare programs, proposing a Productive Welfare Improvement Model (MPKP) and synthesizing the findings. MPKP encompasses monitoring, collaboration, staff capacity building, policy review, insights from foreign models, policy influence, and community engagement. Aligned with the 2 Years Exit Program (2YEP), MPKP promises to strengthen welfare initiatives and drive poverty alleviation, thereby contributing to a brighter future for all Malaysians.

Why the caged bird sings: Rethinking the Anthropocene with Gallus gallus

Previous research argues Gallus gallus (chickens) makes a strong candidate for a chrono-stratigraphic signal of the Anthropocene, but the history of how G. gallus came to mark the Anthropocene remains to be told. At the macro-level, G. gallus tells a story of slavery, sexism, scientific progress, settler colonialism, nation building, socialist welfare programs, capitalist expansionism, and plantation agriculture. At the micro-level, G. gallus tells a story of the suffering of crippling growth rates and confinement as well as the agency of metabolic labor; goal-directed behavior of hunger, thirst and survival; and resistance in the form of efforts at escape and violence of feather pecking. This paper tells a history that recognizes the sensorial worlds and intentionality of G. gallus, and demonstrates how G. gallus is one instantiation of an assemblage of species that were co-opted into a system that partially overlaps with and simultaneously sustains and threatens the technosphere.

Analysis of the Family of Hope Program in Protecting the Homeless to Create a Welfare State

The purpose of the study is to analyze the Family Hope (PKH) program in protecting the homeless in order to raise the level of the homeless economy from the perspective of the welfare state. PKH is a conditional cash direct funding program implemented by the Ministry of Social Affairs to improve public welfare, especially in the education and health sectors. The research method used is literature research, through the collection of information from various reliable sources related to PKH and the concept of the welfare state. The results of the analysis show that PKH can be considered as an approach to social protection of the homeless in the context of the welfare state. PKH aims to reduce poverty and improve quality of life through access to education. To improve the effectiveness of PKH, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation between agencies such as the Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education and culture. The legal basis used is Law No. 11 of 2009 on social welfare, Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution after amendment, and Menkokesra decision, namely: No. 031/KEP/MENKO/-KESRA/IX/2007 in addition, good coordination between Related Agencies will help optimize available resources and minimize obstacles in the implementation of social welfare programs. In addition, it is also important to improve the monitoring system and periodic evaluation of the implementation of PKH, in order to ensure that the program is carried out, according to the desired goals and provide optimal benefits to the community.

Exploring Community’s Knowledge of the Available Child Protection Services in Southwestern Uganda

Background While the government of Uganda and other stakeholders have put in place many child protection services, the community members need to understand and appreciate the existence of such services, and their consequent utilization. Therefore, the current study set out to explore community members’ knowledge of child protection services available in Sheema District and Mbarara City in South Western Uganda. Methods We conducted 22 key informant interviews with government and civil society officials. Also, six FGDs were conducted with community members. All participants were purposively selected and data were collected using an interview guide. Participants views were audio recorded with their consent, data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results We found that community members had limited knowledge about child protection services which related to five broad themes, namely; awareness about children's risks and protection concerns, laws on child protection, places and institutions where to seek redress, child birth registration, and existing child welfare programs. Conclusions The study findings revealed that community members had little knowledge of child protection services available in the communities where they lived. We recommend designing and implanting interventions purposed to create community members’ awareness of the existing child protection services.

Addressing unproductive credit consumption and beneficiary malpractices in social welfare programs for slum-dwellers: A study from India

This study examines the credit consumption pattern of slum-dweller households under different social welfare schemes and its impact on credit escalation and cross-financing. Using a multistage sampling approach, data were collected from 585 respondents in Punjab's most congested cities with municipal corporations. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to reduce dimensions, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test validity and reliability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test hypotheses. The findings reveal that unproductive loan consumption by low-income families through social welfare programs is associated with beneficiary malpractices. The assessment models developed in this study can assist the Indian government and policymakers in improving the execution and implementation of social welfare programs aimed at poverty reduction and policy formulation. This study contributes to efforts towards financial inclusion and addresses a critical topic in the context of the current governmental attention on urban low-income families. It fills a research gap on the impact of unproductive credit usage patterns on beneficiary malpractices and provides insights into the role of social welfare schemes' norms in credit consumption patterns among low-income households in urban slums. The findings have implications for policy development, program implementation, and poverty reduction strategies, highlighting the need for effective monitoring and regulation of credit utilization in social welfare programs for vulnerable populations.

Social Welfare in India

In spite of social issues like destitution, financial inequality, etc., developing countries like India strive to have unprecedented economic growth. India has two different social welfare sectors. One is formal or organized and another one is informal or unorganized sector. The organized sector is run directly by the government, state-owned businesses, and private companies. It offers their workers a fair amount of social protection through mandatory laws covering certain things. The unorganized sector is covered by a defective network of social welfare and benefits offered by the national government of a federation and the relevant state governments. This article describes the constitutional position of welfare in India along with an outline of its historical development. With regard to the unorganized sector of the economy, it offers a summary of some major promotions and safety-oriented welfare programs and policies, including those that deal with problems like unemployment, health, education, and poverty. Further, it discusses the history and evolution of central and respective state governments in social welfare, the goals and nature of social welfare, and social welfare schemes.

MEMBANGUN SINERGI ANTARA KESEJAHTERAAN FORMAL DAN INFORMAL (SUATU KAJIAN ATAS TANTANGAN DAN KELEBIHAN)

Welfare is a fundamental right of every individual. However, access to this right can vary depending on the context and culture of society. Formal welfare guaranteed by the state through laws and formal institutions such as government agencies often fails to reach the population evenly, especially in rural areas and small towns. On the other hand, informal welfare, which relies on social relationships, kinship, and community trust, can be an alternative for those who struggle to access formal welfare. However, informal welfare also has its weaknesses and may not fully meet individual needs. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss the differences between formal and informal welfare in terms of access and societal practices. Research findings indicate that formal welfare has weaknesses such as difficulties in addressing all of society's needs and inflexibility in dealing with complex issues, unlike informal welfare, which offers more flexibility and adaptability. Thus, there is a need for synergy between formal and informal welfare, which can be achieved through various means. Firstly, by enhancing access and community involvement in formal welfare programs. Secondly, by recognizing and leveraging the potential of informal welfare. Thirdly, by integrating formal and informal welfare into development policies. This integration can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of development programs and help address uncertainties, access inequalities, and limitations in resource capacity and quality

Austerity, Health and Public Safety in Low-Income Neighborhoods: Grassroots Responses to the Decline of Local Services in Southeast England

This article uses ethnographic and qualitative research to explore the health implications and social responses of a low-income neighborhood in Southeast England, to more than a decade of austerity policies and declining institutional and welfare support. Findings examine how cuts to public services and welfare programs alongside changes to the area’s social structure shape resident’s perceptions of health risks and threats. Residents pointed to poor levels of mental health that were exacerbated by financial insecurity, the closure of community facilities and difficulties accessing support and professional help. An increase in social disorder and sense of danger within the vicinity were attributed to changes in the area’s social composition and a reduction of policing in the neighborhood, which were an additional cause of anxiety for residents. Many people felt their neighborhood was treated inequitably with regard to law-and-order, health provision and other services designed to address health problems and risks and dangers in their social environment. This institutional vacuum generates unmet health needs facilitating informal practices and methods for managing health, such as through self-provision or using alternative, and more readily available, sources of medical advice and treatment. The demise of older forms of social control and surveillance that ran parallel with closure of the area’s communal spaces had been partly compensated by social media usage, while informal methods of policing were a growing presence in the neighborhood in reaction to rising lawlessness and the ineffectiveness of police and local authorities.

How Social Welfare Programs Impact Mass Immigration in Norway and Canada

This research paper examines the effectiveness of social welfare policies in managing mass immigration in Norway and Canada. With increasing global migration, countries face the challenge of integrating immigrants while sustaining their welfare systems. Norway emphasizes state-centered support, facilitating immigrants' rapid integration through comprehensive social welfare programs. This approach promotes socio-economic well-being and labor market participation, fueled by a commitment to social solidarity and inclusive group boundaries. Additionally, Norway invests in education and language training, ensuring immigrants' long-term self-sufficiency.
 Canada, on the other hand, employs an inclusive approach, providing equal access to a range of welfare programs tailored to immigrants' needs. This strategy fosters a sense of belonging and self-reliance among immigrants, reducing their reliance on government assistance. While both nations offer unique insights, their approaches achieve success through different avenues: Norway prioritizes rapid integration and social cohesion, while Canada focuses on fostering self-sufficiency and reducing welfare dependence. The study underscores the need for evidence-based policy decisions that strike a balance between immigrants' needs and sustainable welfare systems. By understanding the successes and challenges of mass immigration policies, policymakers can create comprehensive and effective strategies that promote integration, social cohesion, and economic well-being.

Analysis of The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Driving the Regional Economy: Case Study in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

This research investigates the relationship between fiscal policy, as implemented by the Indonesian government, and the economic growth of the South Sulawesi province. The economic landscape in Sulawesi is characterized by small-scale activities, primarily centered around resource extraction, agriculture, and fishing. The study aims to analyze the impact of fiscal policies on regional economic development in South Sulawesi, focusing on government budget allocation, infrastructure spending, social welfare programs, and tax policies. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing regression analysis to examine the causal relationships between fiscal policy variables and regional economic indicators. The results indicate a significant influence of fiscal policy and its effectiveness on the regional economy, emphasizing the importance of tailored fiscal strategies for sustainable economic growth. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers at both regional and national levels to formulate effective economic policies aligned with the specific needs of the South Sulawesi province. Moreover, the study contributes to the broader literature on fiscal policy effectiveness, particularly within the context of regional economies.

Welfare-state selectivity, universality, and social trust in Europe, 2002–2019: Bringing deservingness back in

Social trust is a moral resource with a normatively highly desirable pay-off. Previous research argues that universal welfare state programmes ‘make’ social trust whereas means-testing programmes ‘break’ it. Despite its important implications for welfare-state design, comparative longitudinal evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. To test whether within-country changes in social trust are associated with within-country changes in total, means-tested, and non-means tested social protection expenditure, I thus merge country-year specific ESSPROS welfare spending data with cross-country survey data from 30 countries that participated in the 2002–2019 European Social Survey. Results from multilevel regression models show that neither within-country changes in total nor means-tested or non-means tested social protection expenditure predict social trust. Based on insights from the welfare deservingness literature, the second part of my analysis concentrates on welfare spending directed at two different life-course risks, with sickness representing a risk that the public widely considers to be ‘deserving’ of welfare support, and unemployment acting as an ‘undeserving’ risk. I find that, within countries over time, means-tested healthcare expenditures predict decreases in social trust, whereas non-means tested healthcare expenditure is associated with increasing social trust. My results thus lend support for the hypothesis that welfare-state selectivity and universality can contribute to the making and breaking of social trust, but only when interventions target life-course risks that the public considers ‘deserving’ of welfare state support.

마크롱의 드골주의 노선 추구와 대서양동맹의 갈등

Emmanuel Macron, representing the newly formed party 'En Marche' and advocating for centrist policies, successfully won the presidency in 2017, gaining popularity among the French population. After taking office, President Macron implemented economically right-leaning policies while also bolstering welfare programs as part of an expansion of left-leaning social initiatives. In terms of foreign policy, he positioned himself as an ideological successor to President de Gaulle, who led the Fifth Republic of France. He strategically utilized the transatlantic alliance's division caused by President Trump in executing his foreign policy, aiming to establish a 'New European Order' with fellow Europeans. Additionally, after the UK's Brexit referendum, he worked towards expanding France's influence in Europe, following the traditional Gaullist path that lies at the core of French right-wing ideology.
 This study analyzes how President Macron effectively demonstrated the strengthening of France's position, in line with the principles of Gaullism, amid the shifting dynamics of the European order. This was achieved through the deepening of European integration, the collaborative construction of Europe by Europeans, the enhancement of strategic autonomy, and the prioritization of security within the EU over NATO. Ultimately, President Macron incorporated a significant portion of the Gaullist approach into his foreign policy, aiming for an independent and self-reliant European policy for France. He sought to implement this Gaullist approach through the EU, working to empower France to make decisions and take action independently in its relations with the United States. This study illustrates his efforts to enable the EU to operate autonomously in matters of diplomacy, security, and defense.

What leads to measurement errors? Evidence from reports of program participation in three surveys

Measurement errors are often a large source of bias in survey data. Lack of knowledge of the determinants of such errors makes it difficult to reduce the extent of errors when collecting data and to assess the validity of analyses using the data. We study the determinants of reporting error using high quality administrative data on government transfers linked to three major U.S. surveys. Our results support several theories of misreporting: Errors are related to event recall, forward and backward telescoping, salience of receipt, the stigma of reporting participation in welfare programs and respondent's degree of cooperation with the survey overall. We provide evidence on how survey design choices affect reporting errors. Our findings help survey users to gauge the reliability of their data and to devise estimation strategies that can correct for systematic errors, such as instrumental variable approaches. Understanding survey errors allows researchers collecting survey data to reduce them by improving survey design. Our results indicate that survey design should take into account that higher response rates as well as collecting more detailed information may have negative effects on survey accuracy.