Social Taboos Research Articles

Feminist Rewritings of Fairy Tales in Ireland: A Case Study of Deirdre Sullivan

Deirdre Sullivan is an emerging Irish writer who has been repeatedly rewarded for her work and has received favourable criticism from authors and academics such as Jack Zipes but has not yet aroused much critical attention. Her most acclaimed book, Tangleweed and Brine (2017), is a collection of fairy-tale rewritings and one of the most innovative subversions in the 21st century. Following other revisions of classic fairy tales published at the end of the 20th century and in the early 21st century that exposed and criticised the patriarchal messages that those tales propagated, Tangleweed and Brine recovers the witty and independent heroine lost in the 15th century. The heroines of this collection break the rules imposed by the heteronormative society and are capable of openly talk about social taboos such as paedophilia, sexual harassment or domestic violence. This article focuses on the fairy-tale rewritings in Tangleweed and Brine, aiming at exploring the revisions of femininity and imposed roles on women as well as exposing silenced topics.

Gender Differences in Online Identity: A Linguistic Contrastive Study of Arabic and English Screen Names in the Saudi Context

The considerations behind choosing pseudonyms over the real name may be varied depending upon extraneous or intrinsic circumstances including the need to circumvent social norms, taboos, and practices. However, one that transcends these bounds is the affordance of freedom to act natural that comes with adopting a pseudonym which masks one’s true identity. The vast choice of media for social expression in the age of technology has added a new dimension to the practice of adopting pseudonyms. Accordingly, this study investigates whether patterns of screen name choice and typology are discernible among Saudi male and female students. The study created a database of two hundred screen names selected from the forums of foundation year at two Saudi universities (male =100 and female =100). The screen names gained are classified and examined based on the attraction theories’ framework. As far as findings are concerned, the choice and typology of screen names according to the type of gender are significant. The screen names are varied whether the gender is male or female. Findings also show that the "real names" category is applied by female students in screen names more than male students whereas "unreal names" category is applied more by male students than the females. For fictional names, both male and female students prefer to use romantic names and neglected names which show wealth or looks. Three new categories in pseudonyms are found and established in the study i.e., popular, romantic, and real names due to the Saudi contextual variation. A significant effect of choosing the screen names on the names of their devices is also found in the study.

Woman Suffrage in Bengal (1921–1925): The ‘Great Game’ Between the Imperialists and the Theosophists

In 1921, the Bengal Legislative Council defeated the Woman Suffrage Bill. It created quite a stir because Bengal showed strong opposition to the Bill, in spite of its reputation for being receptive to progressive thought. The bafflement was complete when the same Bill was passed in the Bengal Legislative Council in 1925. Longstanding social taboos and attitudes do not change within 4 years. Therefore, the explanation for the curious voting pattern has to be sought in Bengal politics. Very little research has hitherto been devoted to this episode of Indian history. Feminist historians of 1970s were satisfied when the Indian male’s purported social orthodoxy were repeatedly cited as a blanket explanation for all regressive obstructions. In 1978, Brian Harrison suggested that British Imperial resistance to woman suffrage was essentially a crusade against communism. Although Harrison’s work gave rise to a vigorous reinvestigation of anti-suffragist movement in England, no similar enquiry about anti-suffragist movement in India was carried out. The article investigates why and how the British Raj opposed woman suffrage in India, when principal supporters of woman suffrage was the Theosophical Society, considered to be a shady Russian-funded mischief-making organisation by British Intelligence.

EMMA DONOGHUE'un ODA’SINDA VE NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’NUN KIRMIZI LEKE’SİNDE ANNELİĞİN PSİKANALİTİK ANALİZİ

This study aims to analyse Emma Donoghue’s Room and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter from a psychoanalytic perspective with a focus on the mother and child relationship. In the novel Room we witness the experiences, traumas, fight in the ‘’outer space’’ of a five-year-old boy Jack, along with his mother, Ma who spent her years in an eleven-feet room as captives. The inspiration of Room is the Fritzl case in Austria and in the real case Elizabeth Fritzl was raped and sexually abused by her biological father for 24 years and as a result of this disgusting systematic incest, she gave birth to 7 kids in the cellar of their home. Emma Donoghue’s gorgeous pen writes this heart-pounding situation of Elizabeth and one of her sons in a fictional way by naming them Ma and Jack. On the other hand, the Scarlet Letter deals with the intimate relationship of Hester and Pearl in an abandoned world. They are a reflection of each other as well as the voice of their conscience and a light of hope for each other to survive in a challenging society. Especially Hawthorne’s life overlaps with the relationship between Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale and Chillingworth in many respects, such as the observation of Oedipus complex. The writer reflects his unconscious personality on his characters by putting himself in their place through psychoanalytic theory. Both novels feature the identification of a mother with her child in an enclosed, isolated area as if they were imprisoned captives in their secluded rooms and demonstrate how they complete each other and contribute to each other’s self-development and transformation in the mother-child relationship under social pressure. Through the act of writing, the author expresses his/her desires and the words become his/her digging tools. Like an archaeologist, he/she digs for the past and wants to express the experience of the past. Therefore, he/she fantasizes and manifests his/her wishes in the form of art. For Freud’s informal talk called Creative Writers and Day- Dreaming which was given in 1907 and consequently published in 1908 as a written document there is a close relationship between unconscious phantasy and creative art and while we are reading a text, we understand the psyche of the author in a way. Because the desires of a man remain suppressed in his unconscious level of mind and when he produces something like an artistic work regarding a poem or novel, those desires and ideas rise up and come to the surface. While demonstrating both novels that bear the traces of Emma Donoghue and Herman Melville’s childhood traumas, this study also analyses how the fictional characters reveal their inner worlds, repressed desires, and feelings through their actions. Closely related to psychoanalytic theory, Nathaniel Hawthorne deals with the effects of social taboos and constraints on individuals in the expression of repressed feelings, desires and inward thoughts. He enables readers to go deeper into the complicated minds and psychological disorders of his characters with a focus on their later psychological transformation. Ma’s id, ego, superego, Oedipus syndrome that Jack lives, the dreams of the characters that unmask their unconscious starkly are touched upon in this study as well.

Assisted Reproductive Technology: Gaps in young adults’ perceptions and information from clinics

Abstract Background Around 186 million individuals are facing infertility worldwide, with a huge impact on their wellbeing. Fertility care is considered a key element to promote reproductive health. This study aims to explore young adults’ knowledge, perceptions and concerns about infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), and to contrast it with the information provided by ART clinics. Methods A multi-country qualitative study was conducted in Albania, Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Switzerland within the H2020 B2-INF project (Grant Agreement 872706). In 2021, 10-15 semi-structured interviews were conducted in each country with participants aged 18-30, childless and non-ART users. Additionally, 3-5 clinics’ websites in each country were explored. Data was collected in native languages and translated into English. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results In total, 98 interviews were conducted and 38 clinics’ websites were explored. Three themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: 1. Parenthood and (in)fertility; 2. Young people's perception on ART; 3. Information and publicity of ART. Parenthood was described as a relationship beyond biological ties and infertility as a social taboo. Most participants perceived ART positively and would use it if needed, although knowledge on ART was low. Participants considered information on ART as scarce and suggested that government-led information campaigns should be launched to raise awareness on it. Concerning clinics, the websites provided information on infertility and exhaustive technical descriptions of ART techniques, although it may be difficult for the general population to understand. Data offered on success rates were unclear and heterogeneous. Conclusions Gaps in citizens’ expectations and needs and the information provided by ART clinics were identified. Awareness campaigns are needed to diminish social taboo on infertility and ART and to promote reproductive health. Key messages • Assisted Reproductive Technology is positively perceived by young adults, though their knowledge of it and infertility is low. Information campaigns are thus needed to raise awareness among the young. • ART clinics have room for improvement in aligning the information provided on their websites with young people's perceptions and needs, and to show it in a more accessible and understandable way.

‘It’s Not a Race, It’s a Religion’: Denial of Anti-Muslim Racism in Online Discourses

This article investigates the denial of anti-Muslim racism in online discourses. It does so by examining Facebook posts responding to a bystander anti-racism video about a Muslim woman. Particularly salient on social media is the lack of rules, etiquette or social taboos around racism controlling what people post and how they express themselves. This allows comments that are blatantly racist and antagonistic rather than concealed and subtle as is more socially acceptable in offline spaces. Using critical discourse analysis, the article will delve into the rhetorical and linguistic strategies the posters use to deny that racism toward Muslims can exist. It will expose how the denial of anti-Muslim racism is used in attempts to silence Muslims and anti-racists as well as to convince the general public that Muslims deserve the ill treatment they receive. However, exposing the strategies of racism deniers gives us a better understanding of how to resist such discourses.

Risk Factors & Outcome of Operative Procedures of Genital Prolapse in Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Background: Genital prolapse is a very common gynaecological disorder in Bangladesh but women do not admit this problem due to shame, ignorance, social taboo and insolvency. The rural scenario is much more disastrous. Objective: To determine the risk factors & outcome of operative procedures of genital prolapse. Material & Methods: It was a cross sectional study. The research work had been carried out from July, 2019 to December, 2019 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College Hospital, Gazipur. Hospital women patients had been caring with genital prolapse were considered in this study and asked for proper history. Data was collected by using pre-design questionnaire. All the patients included in the study were evaluated by detailed history, through physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations. The maximum extend of the prolapse was clinically measured during a valsalva maneuver or coughing and was confirmed by the patient as being the most severe protrusion. Written informed consent to participate in this study was taken. Result: The mean age was found 59±5.4 years with range from 50 to 70 years. Educational status of the patients, 85(85%) patients were illiterate & marital status more than half 52 (52%) Patients were living with husband and 47 (47%) patients were widow. Regarding occupational status, Three forth 72 (72%) Patients were housewives, 18(18%) were day laborer and 10 (10%) were worker. 23% patients were underweight, 67% patients had average body weight and 10 % were obese. Primi para were found 2(2%) multipara were 53 (53%) and grand multi para were 45 (45%). Number of living child of the patients. 1-2 child were found 10(10%) patients, 3-4 child were 48 (48%) and ≥5 child were 42 (42%) patients. History of abdominal surgery was found in 6(6%) patients, vaginal delivery was found in 100 (100%) Patients, home delivery was in 90 (90%), majority 44(44%) patients had prolong labour during delivery and 2% had instrumental delivery. 60% patients did heavy work during puerperium, 32% did moderate work and only 8% did light work. 31% patients were engaged in heavy physical activities, 20% suffered from chronic cough and 15 % suffered from chronic constipation. 85% patients were delivered by untrained birth attendant. 100(100%) patients had felling of something coming down, 20(20%) had retention of urine, 92(92%) had frequency of micturition, 51(51%) had backache, 53(53%) had difficulty in emptying bladder, 41(41%) had burning during micturition, 45(45%) had constipation, 38(38%) had stress incontinence, 25(25%) had dragging pain in lower abdomen, 22 (22.0%) had white discharge and 5 (5%) had irreducible prolapse. 80(80%) patients had 2nd degree of uterine prolapses, 15(15%) patients had 1st degree & only 5(5%) patients had 3rd degree of uterine prolapses. 90 (90%) patients had moderate cystocele, 69(69%) patients had moderate rectocele, 27(27%) patients had urethrocele, 36(36%) had decubitus ulcer, 40(40%) had stress incontinence and 17 (17%) had elongation of cervix. management of the study population by vaginal hysterectomy with anterior colporrhaphy and posterior colpoperineorrhaphy 70(70%), anterior colporrhaphy 15(15%), posterior colpoperineorrhaphy 5(5%), pelvic floor repair 10(10%).20(20%) had pyrexia, 5(5%) had hemorrhage, 15(15%) had urinary infection, 4 (4%) had local sepsis and 3(3%) had urinary retention. complete relief was found 93(93%) and 7 (7%) had partial relief. Conclusion: Genital Prolapse has a very high prevelance in multiparous women. There is a significant association between genital prolapse, history of collagen disease and childbirth-related pelvic floor trauma. Pyrexia and urinary infection were more common complication after surgical procedures of genital prolapse. Complete relief was found 93.0% of the patients.

Translation of Hollywood film titles: Implications of Culture-Specific Items in Greater China

In view of the lack of updated analysis on film title translation in Greater China, the present study attempted to investigate translation of culture-specific items in Hollywood film titles among three regions of Greater China: Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. From 1989 to 2018, a film title database was built, comprising of 2472 source texts and over 7410 target texts. Culture-specific items were identified and classified into five themes, namely toponym; anthroponym and fictional character; forms of entertainment; means of transportation; and social taboos. Analysis was in two tiers: First, translation methods under each theme was compared within target regions. Second, corresponding cultural implications of the three target regions were discussed using the concept of glocalisation. In a translational perspective, adaptation was highly favoured by Hong Kong under film title translation, whereas transliterations and literal translations were preferred by Mainland China. In a cultural perspective, both Mainland China and Hong Kong were found to preserve local cultures via translation. While Mainland China attempted to protect the purity of Chinese language through using transliterations and literal translations, Hong Kong used Cantonese slangs and jargons to replace culture-specific items in source text. Different from the former regions, Taiwan adopted exotic and explicit translation of social taboos. The present research sheds new light on Translation Studies research by analyzing film title translation in a sociocultural perspective, and thus can offer stakeholders in the film industry to appreciate translation in another perspective.

Expounding on Shared Decision-Making in Pediatrics

Although the term “shared decision-making” would not be officially coined until the 1983 President’s Commission report on Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment, the concept was described 10 years earlier by Duff and Campbell in their highly controversial 1973 publication in the New England Journal of Medicine. 1 United States President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment. Washington DC: US Government Printing office. https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/559344/deciding_to_forego_tx.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yDate: 1983 Date accessed: September 11, 2022 Google Scholar ,2 Duff R.S. Campbell A.G.M. Moral and ethical dilemmas in the special-care nursery. N Engl J Med. 1973; 289: 890-894 Crossref PubMed Scopus (335) Google Scholar In discussing 299 consecutive deaths that occurring in a special care nursery (what is now known as a neonatal intensive care unit), Duff and Campbell spoke the unspeakable by acknowledging that 43 of the deaths (14%) were related to withholding treatment: “After careful consideration of each of these 43 infants, parents and physicians in a group decision concluded that prognosis for meaningful life was extremely poor or hopeless, and therefore rejected further treatment [italics added].” 2 Duff R.S. Campbell A.G.M. Moral and ethical dilemmas in the special-care nursery. N Engl J Med. 1973; 289: 890-894 Crossref PubMed Scopus (335) Google Scholar p.890 The group decision was a decision made by parents and physicians together. Duff and Campbell acknowledged the tension that their manuscript would create, “Perhaps more than anything else, the public and professional silence on a major social taboo and some common practices has been broken further. That seems appropriate, for out of the ensuing dialogue perhaps better choices for patients and families can be made.” 2 Duff R.S. Campbell A.G.M. Moral and ethical dilemmas in the special-care nursery. N Engl J Med. 1973; 289: 890-894 Crossref PubMed Scopus (335) Google Scholar p.894

Perception of Transgenderism through Myths and Literature

Transgenderism is a concept that has been prevailing in the society from the Vedic period and is acknowledged by both the society and people. Their presence and significance can be observed by brushing through the records like myth, legends, epic, etc. left by our predecessors. Yet, people in the present day society are still biased against the transsexuals and holds resistance towards them in the name of social taboos. Though they are forthcoming, legally recognized and are involved in many sectors, their status in the present day society is still between the rock and hard place especially in India, a so-called ‘religious’ nation. Thus an analysis has been done on the perception, significance and the acceptance of transsexuals through their portrayal in Hindu Mythology and modern day literature. Keywords: Literature, Myths, Social Acceptance, Transgender

Sexual dysfunctions and their treatment in liver diseases.

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a prevalent but very commonly ignored aspect in the treatment of liver diseases and cirrhosis. The etiology of SD is multifactorial and therefore treatment strategies are complex, especially in females. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are useful and effective in erectile dysfunction in males but in females, no single drug is available for SD, therefore multimodal treatment is required depending upon the cause. The foremost and fundamental requirement in both genders is to be stress-free and have adequate control of liver diseases. Improved quality of life is helpful in improving SD and vice versa is also true. Therefore, patients suffering from liver diseases should come forward and ask for treatment for SD, and physicians should actively enquire about SD while history taking and evaluating these patients. SD results in deterioration of quality of life, and both are modifiable and treatable aspects of liver diseases, which are never addressed actively, due to social taboos and fears of SD treatment in the presence of liver diseases. The diagnosis of SD does not require costly investigations, as the diagnosis can be established based on validated questionnaires available for both genders, therefore detailed targeted history taking using questionnaires is essential. Data are emerging in this area but is still at an early stage. More studies should be dedicated to SD in liver diseases.

Is gender-based violence a confluence of culture? Empirical evidence from social media.

Gender-based violence (GBV) has been plaguing our society for long back. The severity of GBV has spurred research around understanding the causes and factors leading to GBV. Understanding factors and causes leading to GBV is helpful in planning and executing efficient policies to curb GBV. Past researches have claimed a country’s culture to be one of the driving reasons behind GBV. The culture of a country consists of cultural norms, societal rules, gender-based stereotypes, and social taboos which provoke GBV. These claims are supported by theoretical or small-scale survey-based research that suffers from under-representation and biases. With the advent of social media and, more importantly, location-tagged social media, huge ethnographic data are available, creating a platform for many sociological research. In this article, we also utilize huge social media data to verify the claim of confluence between GBV and the culture of a country. We first curate GBV content from different countries by collecting a large amount of data from Twitter. In order to explore the relationship between a country’s culture and GBV content, we performed correlation analyses between a country’s culture and its GBV content. The correlation results are further re-validated using graph-based methods. Through the findings of this research, we observed that countries with similar cultures also show similarity in GBV content, thus reconfirming the relationship between GBV and culture.

Female Sexual Dysfunctions and Urogynecological Complaints: A Narrative Review.

Female sexual dysfunctions represent a real widespread problem, usually faced from a psychological point of view; however, millions of women worldwide are impacted by pelvic floor dysfunction, personal shame and social taboos, however, continue to inhibit free conversation on the subject. Women’s quality of life is considerably improved by screening, diagnosing, and controlling urogenital and sexual issues. This review aims to provide a critical perspective of urogenital conditions and common disturbances in female sexual function associated with these issues. It also includes a discussion of postpartum pelvic dysfunction.

Affecting the Pedagogy of Death by COVID-19

Death is one of the most prevailing social and pedagogical taboos in our western society [1-6]. Taking this context into account, we are committed to the application of a preventive pedagogy on death -understood as the teaching of death prior to the tragic event- as a transversal and radical axis in schools in order to promote its normalisation [7-10], to promote the comprehensive education of students and avoid possible pathological grief [11-14].

Women Empowerment through Legislative Reforms in Pakistan: A Historical Analysis

The constitutional standings of Pakistani females and the importance and efficiency of existing laws on women’s legal and political empowerment in Pakistan will be the core focus of this study. In this paper, the effect of government determinations for the empowerment of women were examined. The concept of women's empowerment has gained popularity globally but in Pakistan it is facing many challenges due to various social taboos. There are a number of contexts in which the question of empowerment of a Pakistani woman can be considered, but the most critical one is the law: How laws relating to women’s authorized constitutional rights are framed is essential to determine. This research will try to analyze the obstacles to the actual implementation of legislative acts introduced for women empowerment. Furthermore, this paper will also suggest some policy recommendations to ensure women leadership skills and vertical empowerment in the country.

Writing Sexuality in the Autobiographical Form A Reflection of Mona Prince’s Novel So You May See

This article explores the representation of the female body and sexuality in modern Arab women’s writing in Egypt, focusing on the 1990s generation and the emergence of a new literary trend of explicit writing, or so-called kitābath al-jasad, which exposes bodily subjects using explicit sexual language, prohibited sensual themes, and erotic fantasies as tools of revolt against social and political taboos and as a means of challenging extremist Islamic religious rhetoric and the patriarchal authority. My representative example of this generation and this writing is Egyptian novelist Mona Prince. In her novel, So You May See (2011), experience connects to nakedness protest movements by using the body as a key vehicle to protest fundamentalist religious powers that oppose women’s liberation. In both contexts of body protest (clothed or unclothed), female sexuality is the tool par excellence to combat religious extremist rhetoric that amplifies hostility towards women.

Gestus and Taboo: A Study of Bertolt Brecht

The paper addresses Brecht’s concept of Gestus and proposes an original reading of it, parallel to Roland Barthes’s semiological theory. It proposes the view that a gesture becomes a Gestus when it is interpellated into myth. It follows that the Gestus also interpellates into relations, which is, at the same time, its connecting and disconnecting power. The author presents some insights from the theory of ritual and unpacks them to identify some of the ritual’s key characteristics that simultaneously correspond to Brecht’s epic theatre. He does this with an awareness of the ontological differences between ritual and theatre and without the intention of locating Brechtian theatre at any specific locus in the ritual-theatre relation. He intends to think about this relation so that it reveals further insights into the conceptual and practical nature of Brecht’s estrangement effect. Finally, the author recognises its experimental and pedagogical power in its persistent, repetitive intervention in social myths and taboos, which is not only a matter of method but also a matter of initiating in and practising a specific ontology.

O-201 B2-INF: Giving voice to citizens towards improving assisted reproduction technologies for society. Gaps between young people’s perceptions and the information offered by ART providers

Abstract Study question Are the young citizens’ perceptions and expectations on Assisted Reproduction Technologies (ART) aligned with the information that ART clinics offer to citizens? Summary answer There is a gap between young citizen’s perceptions and expectations and the information offered by ART providers taking into account gender, sociocultural, and legal perspectives. What is known already Studies investigating young people’s opinions, concerns, and expectations in relation to ART are scarce. Some studies have highlighted that young adults reported low general knowledge about ART and overestimated its success rates. In addition, gaps in knowledge about fertility and the potential of ART have been described among this population. To our knowledge, there are no studies that compare young people’s perceptions with the information offered by ART providers. Study design, size, duration B2-Inf is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No 872706), to be executed in 36 months. B2-InF contrasts ART perceptions of young population from 8 countries (Spain, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Slovenia) with the information provided by ART clinics to society in the same countries. To reach this objective, a descriptive multicentre qualitative study was designed through semi-structured interviews and documentary data collection from ART clinics Participants/materials, setting, methods From March to December 2021, 10-15 semi-structured interviews were conducted in each country. Participants were men and women aged 18 to 30 years old, childless and non-ART users. Additionally, 3-5 clinics’ websites from each country were planned to be explored and clinics’ ‘physical information’, such as consent forms, were requested. All the information was collected and transcribed verbatim in the native language and afterwards translated into English. A thematic analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti V9. Main results and the role of chance In total, 98 interviews were conducted: 15 in Spain, 14 in Belgium, 13 in Italy, 10 in Switzerland, 15 in Kosovo, 11 in Albania, 10 in North Macedonia and 10 in Slovenia; and 33 clinics were explored: 5 in Spain, 5 in Belgium, 5 in Italy, 5 in Switzerland, 5 in Kosovo, 5 in Albania, 5 in North Macedonia and 3 in Slovenia. The themes that emerged in the analysis of interviews were: 1. Social perceptions of parenthood and fertility; 2. Young people’s perceptions on ART; 3. Information and publicity of ART. Participants described parenthood as a relationship beyond biological ties and identified infertility as a social taboo. Young’s perceptions on ART techniques were positive and most would use it in case of need, but the knowledge related to ART was limited. Most participants suggested that trustworthy national information campaigns led by Governments should be implemented to raise awareness of ART. Regarding clinics, information on websites addressed risk factors and prevalence of infertility. It included description of ART techniques with unclear data about success rates, economic information and clinics human resources and facilities. Gaps were identified between citizens’ expectations and needs and the online information provided by ART clinics. Limitations, reasons for caution This is a first thematic analysis that provides an overview of the possible gaps between young citizen’s expectations and the information provided by ART clinics. In next steps of B2-InF project, an in-depth qualitative analysis will be conducted considering gender, sociocultural, and legal perspectives. Wider implications of the findings This is the first systematic multinational study that compare young people’s perceptions about ART and information provided by ART clinics. Although this is a preliminary analysis, the results will be used to develop national guidelines to inform policies on ART services with potential impact on European citizens and ART providers. Trial registration number European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agreement No 872706)

“Language Is My Second Language”: Dangerous Writing and Hiv-Affected Communities in Tom Spanbauer’s In the City of Shy Hunters

ABSTRACT This paper aims to analyze the U.S. writer and teacher Tom Spanbauer’s novel In the City of Shy Hunters by means of theoretical perspectives that embrace both queer and communitarian epistemologies. The novel, set mainly in New York City in the mid-1980s, is narrated in first person by the protagonist and shows how HIV/AIDS, and the elevated social stigma surrounding it, affects different classes and ethnicities, as well as gender, sexual and corporal diversities. It experiments with a particular writing style and teaching method that Spanbauer calls dangerous writing; that is, how to expose our inner life and secrets, which are often related to social taboos. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the connection between dangerous writing, queer studies (Judith Butler, Annamarie Jagose) and community theory (Jean-Luc Nancy, Maurice Blanchot and Roberto Esposito) by adopting a multidisciplinary approach to literary critical analysis. The main result of this study demonstrates that the singularities represented in the novel, who are mostly queer and affected by HIV/AIDS, can create inoperative communities and communities of lovers, open to otherness as well as being spontaneous, antisocial and momentary, with a recognition and acceptance of mortality.

Museums of death as a modern trend

The paper analyzes Museums of death, which in recent decades have appeared in many countries of the world, including Russia. The popularity of museums that bring death out of the private and into the public sphere, removing the social taboos associated with it, testifies to a shift in public consciousness that is taking place before our eyes, which will require anthropologists to pay closer attention. Turning to their experience, on the one hand, is interesting as another attempt to answer the question why does the topic of death look both frightening and attractive at the same time? On the other hand, it will allow us to analyze the possibilities of museification of the idea of death, taking into account its social taboo. In this paper methods of digital ethnography were used, the sources were materials from the Internet official websites of institutions, their pages on social networks, reviews of visitors on various platforms. Materials of the authors observations and field studies in Russian museums, primarily in the Novosibirsk Museum of World Funeral Culture, were also partially involved. This paper also considers stages of international museum community formation associated with the presentation of the theme of death in public space, museum practices and development strategies, as well as the problems of exploiting the theme of death in the entertainment industry.