Social Support Programs Research Articles

The Identification of Relationships of the Quality of Lives of Puerperal Women, Who are Registered to Certain Family Health Centers in Tokat Province of Türkiye, With Their Support Needs and The Support Received by Them in the Postpartum Period

Background: The postpartum period is of critical importance to the health of the mother and newborn. It is presumed that the social support given during this period is likely to provide numerous benefits for the health of the mother, newborn, family, and accordingly the society. Objectives: This research was conducted to evaluate puerperal women’s needs for support, the support received by them, and the quality of their lives and identify the relationships between these variables. Methods: This descriptive and correlational research included a sample of 270 puerperal women registered at nine family health centers in Tokat province of Türkiye. The research data were collected by using the Introductory Information Form, the Postpartum Support Questionnaire, and the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire. In the evaluation of the data; descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Mann Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, LSD Post Hoc test and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results: In this research, the mean scores obtained by puerperal women from the “importance of the need” scale and the “received support” scale of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire were found respectively as 122.24±49.51 and 140.54±43.57 whilst the mean of puerperal women’s Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire scores was 23.51±3.25. Also, in the research, it was found that puerperal women’s Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire scores had statistically significant negative relationships with scores obtained by them from the “importance of the need” scale of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire (r=-.30, p=.000) and its material support sub-scale (r=-.30, p=.000), emotional support sub-scale (r=-.30, p=.000), and informational support sub-scale (r=-.25, p=.000). Besides, it was identified that puerperal women’s Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire scores had statistically significant positive relationships with scores obtained by them from the material support sub-scale (r=.24, p=.000) and emotional support sub-scale (r=.12, p=.000) of the “received support” scale of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire. Conclusion: In this research, it was found that the need for support felt by puerperal women was not at a significant level whilst the support received by puerperal women for this need was excessive. There was a relationship between the support needs of the postpartum women in the postpartum period and the support they receive and their quality of life. In order to improve the quality of life of puerperal women, health professionals working in primary health care, especially midwives and nurses, should inform the woman and her family about the importance of postpartum social support and help plan the social support program in line with the needs of puerperal women.

Sociological Analysis of Women's Involvement in Criminal Acts in Tanjungpinang: The Influence of Economy, Family, and Social Environment

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that cause women to come into conflict with the law in the Tanjungpinang area, focusing on women as perpetrators of criminal acts. The research method utilized involved in-depth interviews with informants who have direct experience related to this issue. The findings indicate that economic factors, social environment, and family conditions are the main drivers of women's involvement in criminal activities. Urgent financial needs often force women to seek quick solutions through illegal avenues, such as fraud and theft. The social environment that permits and normalizes deviant behavior influences individuals' mindsets and actions, thus increasingly driving women to engage in illegal activities. Furthermore, the dynamics within the family, including internal conflicts and lack of emotional support, also contribute to women's decisions to confront the law. In addition to external factors, the psychological and emotional conditions of women, such as poor mental health due to stigma and discrimination, are significant factors that exacerbate their situations. This study emphasizes the importance of social support, appropriate rehabilitation, and educational programs for women involved in criminal behavior. Therefore, this research aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers and the community to develop more effective and inclusive prevention strategies for women in Tanjungpinang.

Protecting the Well-Being of Households: Delineating a Social Takāful Fund Initiative for Positive Social Impact

Purpose — This study aims to examine the social takāful fund (STF) initiative, developed by Islamic Business School–Universiti Utara Malaysia (IBS–UUM) in collaboration with FWD Takaful Berhad in Malaysia, as a measure to address economic uncertainties and vulnerabilities by enhancing household well-being. It also analyses the potential impact of the STF on marginalised communities. Design/Methodology/Approach — This study employs a case study method to generate an in-depth understanding of the STF. A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with the manager of the STF, and the responses were transcribed and examined based on content and thematic analysis. Findings — The STF initiative is being applied for the benefit of the community in the state of Kedah in Malaysia before it can be extended to all other states in the country. It fosters inclusivity and resilience by pooling resources to provide a safety net for disadvantaged households. The model promotes collective responsibility and has the potential to enhance societal well-being and sustainable development. Utilising the fund for four main programmes (notably, community outreach, educational empowerment, the takāful lab, and takāful subsidy programmes), this initiative addresses economic uncertainties and vulnerabilities especially among the unserved and underserved communities through income improvement, empowering financial knowledge and takāful protection. Originality/Value — This study offers an innovative approach to social finance by introducing an STF model. The initiative is unique in its alignment with Islamic finance and community support principles, providing a new perspective on collective social protection and broadening the scope by positioning takāful as a comprehensive community empowerment strategy. Research Limitations/Implications — The implementation of this model requires further investigation into the regulatory framework for such an initiative and the sustainability of funding sources to ensure long-term impact. Practical Implications — The initiative suggests that community, financial, and government institutions can collaborate effectively to implement and sustain social support programmes, contributing to the overall resilience of vulnerable households. Social Implications — The STF initiative has the potential to create a culture of compassion and mutual support within communities, addressing social disparities and fostering a sense of collective responsibility for well-being.

Exploring the Determinants of Financial Well-Being among Rural Households

Household financial well-being plays an important role in the B40 community. This study aims to explore the determinants of financial well-being. The literature proves that the level of financial skills and access to financial knowledge significantly influence household financial well-being among the B40 community. In addition, the influence of external factors such as access to financial services, social support, or financial development programs also affects household financial management practices B40 community. This study emphasizes the elements of digital financial literacy, financial socialization, and savings and investment toward the financial well-being of rural households. This kind of concept paper can contribute to knowledge, especially in guiding students, academics, and policymakers, to learn about the concepts of rural financial well-being that exist.

BASIC INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS OF FOOD SECURITY

Subject. Food security is the state's ability to provide its population with sufficient quantities of food that meet scientifically based norms, ensuring the availability of essential resources and capacities for domestic production, regardless of internal or external challenges and threats. This encompasses maintaining positive demographic dynamics, preserving the national gene pool, fostering sustainable development, supporting integration into the global economy, and safeguarding sovereignty and independence. The article examines the interrelation between food security and the institutional, technological, and regulatory solutions required to sustain it, particularly during emergencies. Purpose. To identify institutional and technological factors influencing food security and develop recommendations to enhance the resilience and sustainability of food systems. This includes analyzing the modernization of the agricultural sector, expanding processing capacities, and promoting local food production. The study also emphasizes raising public awareness about food safety and sustainable consumption practices, as well as implementing early warning systems and social support programs to protect vulnerable populations. Methods. The study employs a systematic approach to analyze the current food security context, combining data analysis with the evaluation of innovative technologies and international cooperation frameworks. The research integrates statistical data, case studies, and regulatory reviews to draw comprehensive conclusions. Results. The findings underline that food security demands a multi-dimensional approach, integrating advanced technologies, sustainable practices, and coordinated efforts at state, local, and international levels. The study highlights disparities in food security indicators across income levels, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies. Scope of results. The results are aimed at supporting policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in creating resilient and sustainable food systems capable of adapting to future crises and promoting equitable access to safe and nutritious food.

Effect of a Social Support Program on the Health-Promoting Lifestyle of Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Cancer

Background: Cancer is one of the common diseases in old age that imposes the burden of care on family caregivers, and by creating physical, psychological, and social problems for caregivers, it affects their healthy lifestyle. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the impact of the social support program on the health-promoting lifestyle of family caregivers of older adults with cancer. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 in Dezful-Iran. 58 eligible samples were selected consecutively and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received social support. Walker and Hill-Polerecky’s Health-Promoting Lifestyle tool was completed before and 6 weeks after the intervention in both groups. Data analysis was done using SPSS software v.16. Results: The overall score of the health-promoting lifestyle in the intervention (129.58 ± 15.21) and control (116.13 ± 24.62) groups had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.01). Also, after the intervention, the interpersonal relations subscale in the intervention (24.58 ± 3.00) and control (21.62 ± 5.41) groups and the health responsibility subscale in the intervention (26.68 ± 2.79) and control (5.37 ± 22.00) groups, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, this difference was insignificant in other subscales in the two groups after the intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Social Support Programs, in addition to enhancing the lifestyle of family caregivers, can also contribute to improving the quality of care for older adults. The findings of this study recommend sharing insights with nurses, formal and family caregivers of older adults with cancer, and health services policymakers to inform and guide the development of targeted interventions and support systems that can enhance the health-promoting lifestyle of family caregivers of older adults with cancer.

ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ АДАПТАЦІЇ ДО ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ СТАНДАРТІВ МЕДИЧНОЇ ТА ЮРИДИЧНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ, ЩО СТОСУЄТЬСЯ НАРКОТИЧНОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ

The article touches upon the need to move away from outdated terms such as “drug addiction” and “drug addict.” These terms carry a stigmatizing connotation and are linked to the criminalization of individuals struggling with substance use. It highlights the issue of drug addiction as a socio-legal phenomenon, especially in light of current trends and approaches to terminology in legal and medical literature. The article emphasizes the importance of eliminating the terms “drug addiction” and “drug addict,” advocating for their replacement with “substance use disorders” and “person with substance use disorders.” This shift is particularly relevant in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union. In line with European standards that view drug addiction as a chronic disease, it is essential to adopt a comprehensive approach to treatment and to impose proportionate criminal penalties for offenses committed by individuals struggling with addiction. The author assesses contemporary legal and medical practices, which are crucial for reducing the stigma surrounding substance use disorders and upholding the rights of affected individuals, thereby aligning with European values and human rights principles. Given the significance of aligning Ukrainian legislation and social practices with European standards—especially the decriminalization of addiction—we emphasize the importance of treatment, rehabilitation, and social support for drug users. This article highlights the advantages and challenges of a compassionate approach towards drug users. While some may resist such initiatives due to concerns about the financial burdens of rehabilitation and social support programs, the long-term benefits are undeniable. Embracing a humane perspective can lead to decreased crime rates, the reintegration of recovering addicts as valuable community members, and an overall enhancement of legal culture and compassion within society. Ultimately, this approach supports the implementation of fair and proportionate criminal sanctions, fostering a more just and empathetic environment for all.Reducing stigma and discrimination against drug addicts is essential for improving their access to medical care and enabling their successful reintegration into society. It’s vital to examine the legal implications of addiction, as it profoundly impacts an individual’s capacity to make informed choices and control their behaviors – often leading to criminal activities. Keywords: drug addiction, drug addiction, background phenomenon for crime, substance use disorders, stigmatization, European standards, humanity, terminology, criminalization, social integration, legal awareness, legal culture, integration into the European Union, prevention.

Джерела фінансування соціальних інвестицій в Україні та Польщі

Introduction. Increasing geopolitical challenges are prompting businesses and investors to reassess their priorities in terms of strengthening social responsibility. Accordingly, the influence of ESG criteria (environment, social impact and corporate responsibility) and the role of social investment are growing. Assessment of sources of financing for social investments is becoming increasingly important. In particular, in Poland, in all key areas of business and among investors, more and more attention is being paid to ESG criteria, social entrepreneurship support programs, the development of online platforms and IT technologies for attracting social investment. The full-scale invasion has led to a growing need for social investment to support social and humanitarian initiatives, as well as initiatives to rebuild Ukraine's economy. Accordingly, the study of the strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats to financing social investments from various sources is becoming relevant. Problem Statement. Analysis of the main sources of social investment financing in Ukraine and Poland. The purpose is to substantiate the main sources of social investment financing based on the cases of Ukraine and Poland. Methods. General scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and induction, as well as methods of expert evaluation, SWOT analysis and case method were used to assess the features of attracting social investment from various sources. Results. The key sources of social investment financing are analyzed, namely self-financing (bootstrapping), public funding, crowdfunding, and grants. The study provides specific case studies and explanations of the practices of using resources. The analysis of certain theoretical aspects and practices allowed us to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats for each of them. In particular, in the context of assessing self-financing, the mechanism of bootstrapping is considered, and examples of its application to finance social enterprises in Ukraine and social cooperatives in Poland are given. Public funding allows achieving strategic goals of socio-economic development through the implementation of relevant programs and strategies. Examples of plans for public financing of social investments in Ukraine and the Program Inwestycji Strategicznych in Poland are considered. The crowdfunding market in Ukraine and Poland is analyzed in terms of the models of crowdfunding organization in accordance with the functional approach, as well as the place of both countries in the global crowdfunding landscape. Grant funding practices are considered on the example of Google initiatives. Conclusions. The full-scale invasion had an impact on changes in social investment in both Ukraine and Poland. Strengthening the financing of social investments in Ukraine is possible by raising awareness of domestic social entrepreneurs about existing alternatives for financing social investments, reducing bureaucratic barriers to obtaining state support, creating infrastructure for accessing resources and tracking expenditures. In Poland, it is important to intensify programs to strengthen social investments financing through self-financing, local and regional initiatives. At the state level, it is important to review the mechanism for financing social investments in terms of increasing its flexibility and ability to respond quickly to changes in social needs.

Changes in emergency healthcare use following intervention by Navigator, an emergency department social support programme: a multi-centre retrospective before-and-after study.

Patients living with social deprivation, and those with experiences of violence, substance misuse, mental ill-health and homelessness are known to use emergency departments (EDs) more often. It is not known whether a programme of social support initiated during ED attendance may lead to a reduction in healthcare use. The objective of this study is to determine the change in emergency, inpatient and outpatient healthcare use following a social support programme, Navigator, initiated during an ED attendance. Retrospective before-and-after study. Adult patients ≥16 years, attending EDs in the West of Scotland from 14th September 2016 to 10th March 2023, with a Navigator programme encounter. The Navigator social support programme, delivered by trained support workers, initiated during ED attendance, and targeting patients affected by issues including violence, substance misuse, mental ill-health, domestic abuse and homelessness. Healthcare use rates in the 365 days following intervention, as change compared to those in the 365 days prior to the intervention. The primary outcome was the number of ED attendances in the year following intervention compared with the year prior to intervention. Secondary outcomes included inpatient admissions, inpatient bed days, outpatient appointments and outpatient appointments where the patient did not attend. Changes in use rates were analysed with negative binomial regression and reported as incidence rate ratios for interpretation as percentage change. Analysis was repeated for a subgroup of frequent attenders to the ED. Of 1421 Navigator programme encounters, 1056 were included for analysis. Median attendance in the year prior to intervention was 3 [interquartile range (IQR) 1-5], and in the year following intervention was 2 (IQR 0-4). Negative binomial regression demonstrated that in the year following Navigator intervention, there was a 29% (95% confidence interval: 24-33%) reduction in ED attendances. The Navigator programme was associated with reduced emergency and acute healthcare use in the year following intervention, with increased scheduled outpatient care. There is the potential for a social support programme, delivered from the ED, to change patterns of healthcare use, and future work should consider prospectively assessing the impact of such an intervention.

Vulnerable groups' access to agroforestry ecosystem services in north-eastern mountains in Tanzania and its implication on special needs inclusivity

Mountainous environments are particularly vulnerable to land degradation due to steep slopes, fragile soils, increasing population, severe shortages of pastureland, and climate change. This situation results in a loss of ecosystem services (ES), which unequally affects vulnerable groups who rely on access to ES closer to their homes. This study assesses the extent to which vulnerable groups access agroforestry systems’ ES in the Northern Mountains of Tanzania. A socioeconomic survey and descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to identify individual households with vulnerabilities and analyze their attributes and access to ES. Correlation analysis was employed to determine the relationships between the different types and levels of vulnerability and access to different ES from agroforestry. The results showed that the main types of vulnerabilities identified were single-headed households, including female-headed households, widowed-headed households, and households with one or more people living with a cognitive or physical disability. The results revealed that across the studied agroforestry systems, female-headed households are facing problems in accessing food (92%), timber (86%) and energy (75%). People living with disabilities indicated that they were problematic in accessing food (90%) and energy (76%). Among the studied Agroforestry systems, female-headed households in Miraba faced more difficulties in accessing the most important ES, that is, food (60%), timber (53%), and energy (50%). Our study can be of interest to future policy interventions for vulnerable groups, including special needs inclusivity in society. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of social support and welfare programmes in the northern mountainous environments of Tanzania.

Management of patients with urinary incontinence in senior age.

Urinary incontinence is an extremely stressful and often debilitating disease, increasing morbidity in society. The aim of the work is to point out the problems of the management of incontinent patients - seniors in the context of their quality of life as well as treatment costs to find ways to make the widest possible public awareness of the fact that in most cases incontinence is solvable in terms of improving the quality of life. The group consisted of 100 patients with urinary incontinence who were treated with conservative medical procedures at the urological outpatient clinic of the Railway Hospital in Košice. The research was conducted in the period from September 2018 to February 2019. The extended standardized Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Measure (I-QOL) questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life. The SPSS program - version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis of the file and hypotheses, and the chi-square test and the McNemar test for analysis of non-parametric data distribution. The average value of the total social I-QOL score was 14.15 ± 5.03, which means that this area contributes significantly to the reduction of the quality of life. The average value of the total I-QOL score of the group studied was 63.86 ± 19.29, which indicates that urinary incontinence has a significant impact on the quality of life of seniors. Respondents considered the frequent urge to urinate and the absence of a toilet in a reachable place to be a negative factor. Feeling of the state of a certain form of inferiority and obsession was the most serious. Patients expressed approximately equal concerns about feeling out of control of their bladder and concerns about urinating as well as concerns about worsening incontinence due to aging. Based on the presented results, participants achieved the highest average score in the psychological domain of quality of life (27.81 ± 7.54) and the lowest in the social domain (14.15 ± 5.03). Social support programmes aimed at reducing stigma and enhancing social engagement for individuals dealing with incontinence could help improve the social quality of life. Physical health interventions, such as pelvic floor exercises could support physical well-being.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Social Isolation and Loneliness Related to COVID-19 Among Middle and Late-Stage Elderly in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Precautionary measures implemented to reduce the spread of COVID-19, such as social distancing and stay-at-home orders, have inevitably affected the mental health of older adults. This study aimed to measure loneliness among the elderly living in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2022 in the Jazan area, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 100 elderly participants (≥ 60 years) from various public locations, including malls, social gatherings, parks, and beaches, across different neighborhoods in Jazan. Qualitative survey data was collected by interviewing each participant. Loneliness level was measured using the De Jong Gierveld Scale, complemented by self-made questions addressing sociodemographic information, communication means, frequency of contact with family and friends, and ability to perform daily activities. The chi-square test was utilized to identify factors associated with loneliness. The De Jong Gierveld scale revealed that most study participants (80%) experienced moderate loneliness despite living arrangements, as 87% were living with their family members. In contrast, only 12% of participants reported severe loneliness. Of all sociodemographic variables, only age and housing companion showed statistically significant relations with loneliness levels (p = 0.005 and < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, loneliness levels were found to be significantly associated with the frequency of communication with family and/or friends (p = 0.002) and knowledge of modern communication means (p = 0.048). This study highlights a high prevalence of social and emotional loneliness among elderly individuals in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It indicates that robust family living arrangements alone did not mitigate loneliness in this population. The findings suggest that limited adoption of digital communication and cultural factors contributed to loneliness. While these insights provide a foundation for understanding elderly loneliness in Saudi Arabia, further research is needed to explore these factors in greater depth and assess the effectiveness of potential interventions like mental health counseling and social support programs.

A psychological reaction of higher education students to the new national exit exam in the case of Dilla University, 2023.

Test anxiety is an emotional state characterized by physiological and behavioral responses linked to the fear of poor exam results. It can result in a significant impact in the overall academic achievement of students. Addressing the contributing factors of the problem is better to intervene in the academic challenges of students and create a conducive learning environment. Thus, this study investigated the association between test anxiety and the newly implemented national exit exam program among prospective graduate students at Dilla University in 2023. A community-based cross-sectional design was employed, involving 357 participants recruited from August 15 to September 14, 2023. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires combined with interviews. The Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI) assessed test anxiety levels. Epi Info version 7 facilitated data entry, with subsequent analysis conducted using SPSS version 25. A p < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance in the multivariate logistic regression model. The prevalence of test anxiety associated with the national exit exam among prospective graduates at Dilla University was 68.9% (95% CI: 63.9-73.7%). The analysis identified significant associations between test anxiety and several factors: non-formal educational background of parents (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.12-4.65), moderate social support (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12-0.46), and poor coping mechanisms (AOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.45-5.67). This study revealed a substantial prevalence of test anxiety among graduating students about the national exit exam. The findings suggest that factors such as limited social support and inadequate coping mechanisms contribute to test anxiety. Targeted interventions, including social support programs, counseling services, coping mechanism training, parental education, and support for students with lower academic performance, may be beneficial in mitigating test anxiety.

A scoping review of nursing interventions for reducing the negative impacts of domestic violence among women

BackgroundIncidences of domestic violence against women are increasingly every years. Domestic violence has the negative impacts on physical problems, psychological problems, and can even cause death. Nurses have a role for providing interventions to reduce the impact of domestic violence on women.AimThe purpose of this study is to explore methods of nursing interventions in reducing the traumatic effect of domestic violence among women.MethodThis study used a scoping review method. The literature used in this study from CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Search articles used the keywords domestic violence, impact, women, and victims. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews are used for selecting articles. The inclusion criteria for the articles in this study were that the sample was female victims of sexual violence, randomized control trial or quasi-experimental research design, and last 10 years for publications period (2013–2022).ResultFrom three databases, we found 579 articles. After elimination-based inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found 10 articles discussing the effect of nursing interventions in reducing the impact of domestic violence on female victims. Most of the studies from USA and the range of respondents in the articles is 112–1250 respondents. The methods used in providing nursing interventions are classified into three, namely self-management programs, counseling programs, social support programs. The activities carried out in nursing interventions in the form of psychoeducation, relaxation, meditation, and also discussions about solving problems encountered. All articles show that nursing interventions are effective in reducing the impact of domestic violence on women.ConclusionNurses have an important role to provide comprehensive nursing care to victims of domestic violence by paying attention to various aspects, namely physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects to improve safety and comfort of patients.Implication for NursingThis study is the basis for nurses to provide comprehensive nursing care to reduce the impact of domestic violence among women victims of domestic violence.

Social Assistance and Family Functioning: A Study on the Family Functions of Individuals Benefiting from Social and Economic Support Services

Social assistance can be defined as programs, policies, or institutions aimed at preventing, reducing, or eliminating poverty. Through out history, various social assistance programs have been implemented to address poverty. In Turkey, the Ministry of Family and Social Services (MFSS) and various organizations provide social assistance. A notable service offered by ASHB is the Social and Economic Support (SES) program, which holds significant importance in supporting children in need of protection with in families. In a study evaluating the impact of the SES program on family functions, a socio-demographic information form and the Family Assessment Scale were administered to 194 families benefiting from the SES program through the Karadeniz Ereğli Social Services Center Directorate. The study aimed to determine if there were significant statistical relationships between the duration of receiving SES services (in months) and various subscales of the assessment tools. Statistical analyses, including t-tests to investigate differences between means of two data groups and ANOVA tests to explore differences among more than two data groups, were conducted. Post-hoc analyses were performed to identify specific group differences when significant differences emerged from the ANOVA analysis.The results indicated that an increase in the duration of SES service utilization led to improvements in problem-solving, communication, roles, behavior control, and over all family functions. Therefore, the duration of SES service utilization appears to positively influence family functions.

Factors influencing the ability of family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients within Iranian families to continue and persist in their caregiving roles: a qualitative study

BackgroundUnderstanding the motivations driving family members to continue caring for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for enhancing social support programs within community health systems. This study specifically explores the factors influencing Iranian family caregivers’ ability to persist in their caregiving roles.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis with 22 participants in 2022 in Babol (a city in northern Iran). The inclusion criteria for the study included caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients who had been the primary caregivers for at least one year for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. The sampling method was purposive, ensuring maximum variation in social position, demographic status, and stages of Alzheimer’s disease after the onset of symptoms. In this research, data were collected from caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients through semi-structured interviews and in-depth individual interviews. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software.ResultsOne category and four subcategories were identified to explain the continuity of the caring role in family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients. The category was “on the Fence of the Caring Role.” The subcategories included Commitment to Care (Being Determined, Being Indebted, Feeling Dutiful), Coercion to Care (Giving in to the Caring Role Due to Family Requirements, Patient Care Due to Financial Problems), Socio-Cultural Beliefs and Concerns (Spiritual and Religious Tendencies, Social Stigma and Social Fears), and Attachment and Love for the Patient (Feeling Pity, Feeling Nostalgia for Kinship).ConclusionFamily caregivers are deeply engaged in their roles, often feeling trapped by various pressures. Recognizing these dimensions can inform policymakers and health practitioners in developing targeted interventions, such as respite care programs, financial support, and community resources, aimed at alleviating caregiver burden and enhancing the quality of care for patients. By addressing the complexities of the caregiver experience, effective strategies can be implemented to support both patients and their caregivers, ultimately improving health outcomes within the community.

Depressive symptoms among medical students

Abstract Background Adolescence is a period of psychological development which is associated with an increased risk of developing mental health disorders. Medical students have a higher prevalence of depression compared to the general population, but they are given low priority in the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of clinically significant scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and factors associated with clinically significant scores. Methods The research was conducted through a cross-sectional study among fifth-year medical students, using a 95-item questionnaire anonymously filled out. The questionnaire examined: socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the students; students’ lifestyles (including alcohol consumption, binge drinking, smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, use any of other tobacco products); Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); Zung’s Anxiety Scale; and Problematic Internet Use Scale. Based on the score on PHQ-9, the participants were classified in two groups: with clinically significant scores (score ≥10) and without clinically significant scores (score &amp;lt;10). Results The study included 461 medical students who completed the PHQ-9. Average score on PHQ-9 scale was 5.25±4.53 and total of 66 students (14.3%) had the PHQ-9 indicative of clinically significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10). The clinically significant depression was associated with smoking of any tobacco product (OR:3.02, 95% CI: 1.37-6.63), score on social support scale (0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), age (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06-1.90) and score on Zung anxiety scale (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.16-1.34). Conclusions Considering that medical students, are at higher risk of developing clinically significant symptoms of depression, it is crucial to form psychological and social support programs. Key messages • Monitoring the mental health of young individuals holds significant importance. • It is crucial to detect risk factors in time and develop prevention programs.

Assessing the social health of the elderly in Tehran: Challenges and strategic solutions

BackgroundWith the increasing elderly population, understanding their social health is critical to improving their quality of life. This study aims to comprehensively assess the social health of elderly individuals in Tehran, focusing on the specific challenges they face and their needs. MethodsA qualitative approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 12 elderly participants. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and analyze key social health issues at the individual, family, and community levels. ResultsThe study identified several significant challenges for the elderly, including gender-based neglect, lack of empowerment, social isolation, financial difficulties, issues with respect, generational conflicts, perceived injustice, cultural gaps, and a scarcity of elderly-friendly spaces. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved social support and services, enhanced psychological support, and the development of urban spaces that accommodate the elderly. ConclusionsAddressing these challenges necessitates a multifaceted approach, including the establishment of social and cultural centers, implementation of social support programs, increased awareness and education, and provision of financial assistance. By tackling these issues, policymakers and social managers can devise more effective programs and policies to enhance the social health and quality of life for the elderly in Tehran. Future research should explore cultural factors, regional differences, and the impact of socio-economic changes on the social health of the elderly.

КОПІНГ-СТРАТЕГІЇ В КОНТЕКСТІ КРИЗОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Ukraine, intensified by the conflict that began in February 2022, has resulted in 14.7 million individuals requiring humanitarian aid by 2024. This crisis has led to significant socioeconomic challenges, with households adopting various coping strategies to manage economic stress. Understanding these strategies and their regional variations is crucial for effective crisis response and resource allocation. The purpose of the article. To analyze and present findings on the coping strategies adopted by Ukrainian households in response to the ongoing humanitarian crisis and conflict, with a particular focus on regional differences and the most severely affected areas. The object of the research. Household coping strategies across different regions of Ukraine, including selling assets, spending savings, purchasing food on credit, seeking additional employment, reducing health and education expenditures, and using degrading income sources. The methods of the research. The study employed a quantitative data collection methodology developed by REACH, utilizing both face-to-face household surveys and computer-assisted telephone interviews. The dataset encompassed 10,434 interviews conducted at the household level across 23 oblasts, targeting a 95% confidence level and an 8% margin of error. The hypothesis of the research. The research appears to hypothesize that there are significant regional variations in the adoption of coping strategies, with areas closer to the conflict zone experiencing more severe economic stress and resorting to more extreme coping measures. The statement of basic materials. The research identified ten distinct coping strategies and analyzed their adoption rates across different regions of Ukraine. Eastern and southern regions, particularly Donetska, Kharkivska, Zaporizka, Khersonska, and Sumska oblasts, consistently demonstrated higher adoption rates of various coping strategies. Donetska oblast emerged as the epicenter of economic stress, with 50% of households reporting the sale of assets or spending of savings. Zaporizka oblast led in purchasing food on credit (18.63%) and reducing health expenditures (55.28%). Significant regional disparities were observed, with some oblasts showing coping strategy adoption rates far exceeding national averages. The originality and practical significance of the research. This study provides a comprehensive, region-specific analysis of household coping strategies in Ukraine during an ongoing crisis, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions. The research's practical significance lies in its potential applications for socio-economic management, including informing the design of targeted social safety nets and economic support programs, guiding efficient resource allocation based on region-specific needs, and supporting the development of tailored healthcare and education policies. Conclusions and prospects for further research. It provides a baseline for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of future interventions and informs long-term regional development strategies and crisis response planning. By offering a nuanced understanding of how different regions are coping with the crisis, this research enables policymakers to develop more effective, localized approaches to addressing Ukraine's complex humanitarian challenges.

Inclusive Higher Education in Kyrgyzstan for People with Physical and Intellectual Disabilities

Considering the importance of education as a socio-cultural human right, the issue of implementation of inclusive higher education for persons with disabilities is relevant, determined by a set of legal, socio-pedagogical, technical, and financial problems. The study aims to investigate specific organizational and pedagogical factors facilitating the implementation of an inclusive higher education model in the Kyrgyz Republic. The study employed methods that included questionnaires of the subjects of the educational process and statistical analysis of the data obtained in the course of the questionnaire. Including the understanding of inclusion, the role of educational institutions, and effective methodologies for implementing inclusive practices in the educational process, key theoretical aspects were identified as a result of the analysis of modern theoretical concepts and methodological approaches to inclusive higher education. Furthermore, challenges such as the lack of adaptive infrastructure required for students with disabilities, as well as the insufficient preparation of teaching staff to work with the diverse needs of students, were highlighted. The study also covered the social and legal aspects of inclusive higher education in Kyrgyzstan. The legislative framework regulating the rights of students with disabilities was analyzed, and public support and awareness of inclusion in education were assessed. Based on the findings, specific recommendations and strategies were developed to improve inclusive higher education in Kyrgyzstan. These recommendations cover various areas, including educational programs, the training of educators, the creation of accessible infrastructure, and the development of social support programs. The practical relevance of this work lies in the possibility of implementing the recommendations and strategies proposed in this work to improve inclusive higher education in Kyrgyzstan, which contributes to a more accessible and equitable educational environment for all students.